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1: Nguyn l truyn hnh, Ng l pht
Ni dung : Nghin cu c im ca mt ngi trong lnh vc truyn hnh, Nguyn l truyn hnh
nh ng, Tn hiu truyn hnh, iu ch tn hiu i truyn hnh
1. c im ca mt ngi.
Trc khi xy dng ln ngnh cng nghip truyn hnh, ngi ta phi nghin cu nhng c
im ca mt ngi, nghin cu cc gc c lin quan n k thut truyn hnh ch khng i
su vo cu to ca mt, mt ngi c mt s c im sau :
a) c tnh ph :
Cc bc x in t nm trong khong tn s rt rng t vi trc KHz n hng triu MHz, ton
b gii tn gi chung l ph in t, nh sng mt ngi thy c ch chim mt min rt
nh trong ph in t, c tn s t 3,9.1014 Hz n 7,9.1014 Hz tng ng vi bc sng
760nm n 380nm, tn s cao hn nh sng l cc tia cc tm , tia X, tia gama, thp hn tn s
nh sng l tia hng ngoi, sng Radio...

Ph in t v khong tn s nh sng thy c.

Trong khong nh sng thy c l tp hp ca nhiu mu sc : - Cam - Vng - Lc Lam - Trm - Tm , v nhy ca mt vi cc mu sc cng khng u, mt nhy cm
nht vi mu lc v gim dn vi cc mu xung quanh

Mt c nhy cao nht vi mu lc

Vi mi mu sc ( nh c trng) u c 3 thng s l : Sc mu, bo ho mu, v chi
ca mu.
Th d khi v mt bc tranh , ta phc ho bc tranh bng nt bt ch s cho ta bc nh en

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trng => bc nh ny mang thng tin v chi, sau ta dng mu t => cho ta sc mu
, ta t mu tht m cho ta bo ho mu cao, nu t mu nht th bo ho mu thp.
Truyn hnh en trng ch truyn i thng tin v chi, cn truyn hnh mu th truyn y
cc thng tin ca nh.
b) nhy tng phn .
Mt bc nh c nhiu chi tit nh v cc chi tit nh c chi khc nhau, tng phn l t
l gia chi cao nht so vi chi thp nht, t l ny cng ln th tng phn cng cao,
ngoi t nhin th chnh lch ny l khong 10.000 ln nhng trong truyn hnh (Ti vi) th
thay i ny l khong trn 100 ln, trong mn hnh my tnh th thay i l 256 ln.

nh c tng phn cao

nh c tng phn thp

Mt ngi c kh nng phn bit c hai im sng c tng phn hn km nhau khong
0,02 ln.

c) Kh nng phn gii ca mt .

l kh nng mt ngi phn bit c hai im ring bit khi nhn
t mt gc hp.

Mt ngi nhn hai im A, B theo mt gc hp

Mt ngi ch c kh nng phn bit c hai im A, B trn khi nhn t mt gc > 1,5' , nu
gc < 1,5' th mt ngi khng c kh nng phn bit c hai im ring r, da vo c im ny trong
truyn hnh ngi ta ch pht li cc im nh ri rc sao cho t mt ngi nhn vo cc im nh vi mt
gc nhn nh ta khng thy c l hai im phn bit.
=> T nghin cu trn ngi ta tnh c trn mt mn hnh, ngi ta khng cn pht li tt c cc im
nh m ngi ta ch pht li khong 600 im nh theo chiu dc v 800 im nh theo chiu ngang, mn
hnh c phn gii cng cao th s im nh cng ln.
d) Qun tnh ca mt .
Khi ta nhn mt bc nh, nu bc nh vt tt th hnh nh vn tn ti trong con ngi khong 0,1

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giy, l hin tng lu nh trong vng mc hay cn gi l qun tnh ca mt.
=> Li dng tnh cht ny, nu ta cho bc nh xut hin ri rc khong 10 ln trong 1 giy th ta c cm
nhn l mt bc nh lin tc.
=> Trong truyn hnh, ngi ta truyn i 25 bc hnh / giy, do hnh nh ta cm nhn l lin tc.
Th d di y cho thy cng mt bc nh nhng c cc tc xut hin khc nhau :

nh xut hin 1 ln / giy

nh xut hin 5 ln / giy

2. Nguyn l truyn hnh.

* Cc tham s ca hnh nh .

chi trung bnh : Mi im nh u c chi ring cu thnh ton b nh, trong

truyn hnh en trng ngi ta truyn i tn hiu c trng cho chi ca mi im nh.
Mu sc : Mu sc ca cc phn t nh, tham s ny ch cn thit vi truyn hnh mu.
Hnh phng : Truyn hnh l truyn bc hnh phng theo khng gian hai chiu, truyn
tng im nh ln lt theo chiu ngang v chiu dc, chiu ngang gi l qut dng,
chiu dc gi l qut mnh.
nh ng Truyn hnh l truyn i cc bc nh ng , mt ngi cm nhn s
chuyn ng l lin tc th cn truyn i s bc nh sao cho mt khng thy c s
nhp nhy ca nh.
- Th d bc nh IC trn c tc l 5 hnh / giy, ta cm thy hnh nhp nhy, nhng
nu ta tng ln ti 25 hnh/ giy th ta s thy bc nh l lin tc.

* Nguyn l truyn hnh nh .

Ngi ta khng truyn ton b bc hnh m truyn ln lt tng dng t trn xung di nh
ta c mt quyn sch.
Mt bc hnh c chia lm 625 dng qut t trn xung di, sau truyn i tn hiu ca
tng dng qut n my thu vi tc 15625 dng / giy, my thu ti to li c hnh nh
c th cng phi qut li 625 dng cho mt mn nh v cng phi qut vi tn s 15625 dng /
giy, qu trnh ny gi l ng b gia tn hiu thu v pht.
* Nguyn l qut .

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Nguyn l qut nh.

Bc nh trn minh ho c qut vi tc 10 dng / giy v ch qut c 8 dng cho mt

lt t trn xung di, trong truyn hnh cng c nguyn l qut tng t nhng c tc
qut l 15625 dng/ giy, v qut 312,5 dng cho mt lt t trn xung ( mt bc hnh
chia lm 625 dng v c qut lm hai lt, mt lt qut cc dng chn v mt lt
qut cc dng l )
3. Tn hiu truyn hnh.
* S to thnh tn hiu th tn ( Video ) .

Camera i hnh nh thnh tn hiu Video

truyn hnh nh i xa trc tin hnh nh phi c i thnh tn hiu in - gi l tn hiu
Video , hnh nh c thu vo qua ng knh v hi t trn mt lp phin c bit, sau ta dng
nguyn l qut chuyn t thng tin hnh nh thnh tn hiu in.

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Dng tia in t qut trn lp phin to thnh tn hiu Video

Lp phin l mt mng kim loi c bit c in tr thay i theo cng sng, khi c tia
in t qut qua, cc im sng ti c tr khng khc nhau to thnh dng in mnh yu
khc nhau i qua, tn hiu in ly ra t lp phim c dng in bin i t l vi thng tin
v sng ca hnh
nh, tn hiu ny c a vo mch iu ch to thnh tn hiu Video ng ra ca Camera.
* Thnh phn ca tn hiu truyn hnh y

Tn hiu truyn hnh y bao gm tn hiu th

tn (mu xanh), xung ng b dng (mu ),
xung ng b mnh ( mu tm)

Thi gian qut thun t t1 n t2 l 54s

Thi gian qut ngc dng t t2 n t3 l 10s
Thi gian qut ngc mnh t t4 n t5 l 25s

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Xung ng b dng v mnh c chn vo tn hiu video trong thi gian tia in t qut
ngc.

Tia qut ngc dng mu tm, tia qut ngc mnh

mu xanh l , tia qut dng thun l tia mu trng
Tn hiu truyn hnh y bao gm :

Tn hiu th tn : thu c t nguyn l qut nh nh trn cn gi l tn hiu video

( on tn hiu t t1 n t2 )
Xung ng b dng H.Syn (Horyontal Synsep : ng b dng): l xung chn vo tn
hiu video trong thi gian tia in t qut ngc (on t2 n t3 ) xung ny c gii
sang my thu ng b tn s qut dng.
Xung ng b mnh V.Syn (Vertical Synsep) l xung chn vo tn hiu Video khi qut
xong mt mn hnh t trn xung di (on t4 n t5) xung ny c gi sang my thu
ng b tn s qut mnh.

4. iu ch tn hiu pht i truyn hnh .

Tn hiu ting c gii tn t 20Hz n 20KHz rt hp so vi ton b di tn ca tn hiu hnh t
0 n 6MHz , v vy bo ton tn hiu ting khi pht chung vi tn hiu hnh, ngi ta phi iu
ch tn hiu ting vo sng mang tn s t 4,5MHz n 6,5MHz theo phng php iu tn
thnh sng FM ri mi trn vi tn hiu hnh to thnh tn hiu video tng hp .

iu ch tn s tn hiu ting

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Nh vy tn hiu video tng hp bao gm (Video + H.syn + V.syn + FM)
pht ton b tn hiu ny i xa, i pht ngi ta tin hnh iu ch tn hiu video tng
hp trn vo tn s siu cao tn di VHF t 48MHz n 230MHz hoc di UHF t 400MHz n
880MHz theo phng php iu bin. v chia lm nhiu knh, mi knh chim mt gii tn
khong 8MHz.

Ph tn hiu ca mt knh truyn hnh.

Nguyn l pht ca i truyn hnh.

Sau khi tn hiu Video tng hp c iu ch vo mt knh sng : Th d knh 9 (nm

ph tn hiu t 199,25MHz n 205,75MHz) ta c sng mang , sng mang tip tc c
khuch i cng xut hng chc KW ri a ra Anten pht pht thnh sng in t
truyn i trong khng gian vi vn tc nh sng.