You are on page 1of 31

*

.
,
, , 16 1543,

17 . 1940
( ) Alexandre Koyr

150 . Koyr,
, , . , .
. 1 ,
1949, Herbert Butterfield

31
.

. ,
. .
1

Koyr, A., Galileo and the Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century, The Philosophical

Review, v. LII/4 (1943), pp. 333-348.


1

, . 2

,
.
, , (
150 500 ),
. 3
17 , ,
. ,
,
, 16
, ,
.
Steven Shapin,
,
2

Butterfield, H., (1300-1800), . . , .

(: ...., 1983).
3

Osler, M. (ed.), Rethinking the Scientific Revolution (Cambridge:


Cambridge University Press, 2000).
2

, , , , ... 4 ,
,
. 5


12 ,
.
11 12 ,

.

, , universitas, .
, ,
.
(universitas) , .
(, , )
. 9 . .
4

Shapin, St., , . . (: , 2003).

, ., (: -

, 2004), . 52.
3

, ,
. 6 1085 . ,
. , ,
Master of Arts
.
,
. 7

, .
, ( ),
. , . 13 , , . ,
6

Lindberg, D., . ,

, 600..- 1450 .., . . (: , 2003), . 239-41.


7

Grant, E., Science and Religion, 400BC-AD 1550 (Baltimore: The John Hopkins University

Press, 2004), . 169-171.


4

. ,

.
,
. 14 ,
(. 1285-1347).
,
, . , .

, . , , ,
. 8

,
,
, -
. , , , , . , ,

Grant, E., , . . (: -

, 1994), . 46-7.
5

.

, , , , ,
.
, Merton
. ,
.
Merton
, .
.
Merton ,
, . , . 9 ,

. Merton , 15 16 .
-

Crombie, A.C., .

, . . , . , ( : ....,
1992), . 91.
6

, . 10

,


.
15
.


. ,
,
, ,

. , , ,
. 1450, , . 11
, , , , , , ,

10

.., . 101-2.

11

Debus, A., , . . (: -

, 1997), . 7-9.
7

, . 12
-,
.
, ,
. 13 ,
,
, , ,
, .
-
,
. status ,
,
. , 15
. ,
, . - , .
-, Abaco
13
12

Rossi, P., , . . (:

, 2004), . 83-4.
13

Misa, T.J., Leonardo to the Internet. Technology and Culture from the Renaissance to the

Present (Baltimore and London: John Hopkins University Press, 2004), . 13, Ferguson,
E.S., Engineering and the Minds Eye (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1994), . 64.
8


, ,
. 16

1543,
.

.
- 16 , . , -.
,
, , , , .
,
. 14
, , 1589, .
17 .

, . , , , ,
, ,

14

Valleriani, M., Galileo Engineer (Dordrecht: Springer, 2010).


9

. 15 ,


.
.
(.. ),
.
,

, .
, ,

,
.
- ,
, 1610, . 17

, . 16
.

15

Bowler P. J. & Morus, I.R., Making Modern Science (Chicago and London: Chicago University

Press, 2005), . 40.


16

Biagioli, M., .

, . . (: , 2006).
10



(1473-1543)
, , ,
. , .
, (1454-1504),
1514
.
17
1512,
Commentariolus
. , 1539,
Georg Joachim Rheticus (1514-1574)
. , Rheticus
, , 1540 1541,
. 1543, .
,

,
. ,
[] , . ,
17

.
11


. , :

. , ,

.


, .
,
.
- ,
,

, .


.
. 18
, , ,
,

18

Crombie, .., . 171.


12

, . ,


, . , , , ,
,

.
, (1546-1601) ,
. ,
, .
1572, (super nova), 1574. , ,
. 1577-1596,
. ,
, . , , , .

13

,
. 19
1596
(1571-1630),
. ,

. (1596) ,
, . ,
5 . ,
(anima motrix) ,
.
. , 1600, , , .
, , 1601,
. ,
.

. , 1619
, ,
19

Debus, .., . 137.


14

(1642-1727) .

, . 1595,
. , Kepler Mysterium
Cosmographicum. . Kepler
(
), . ,
1604 (super nova) . , ,
, , . . .
1610, .
, . . .

.
. , .

. 15

,
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
, ,
, .
.
,
. , ,
:
,
.
.
, . status ,
. ,
, ,
.
16



. ;
De Revolutionibus, .

. ,
, . , .
. , ,

. ,
,

. ,
, :

, , , , . ,
,
.
, 17


(impetus). , '
. 20
, . (
)
( ) . , ,
-. ,
,
(
),
.


. ,
,
.
<2
sec.
mm, , ,
. ,


.

20

Crombie, .., . 140.


18


-, .
.
, :
,
.
, , ,
, -,
, . ,
, , . 21


, . , ,
. , . , , . .
,
.
.

21

Drake, S., , . , (:

, 1993), . 75-6.
19

. .
:
.

.
.

.
. , .
. , ,
. , :
, .
, . ,
.
Il Saggiatore :

,

.

20

, ,
. 22

,


, 16 17 .
Francis Bacon (1561-1626),
. () .
,
. ,
.
. 23
,
. , , :
. ,


. , ,

22

Crombie, .., . 145.

23

Debus, .., . 9.
21

, William Gilbert (1540-1603),


, . , Gilbert
,
.
,
.
. 24
,
,

.
16 . 1543,
,

, . ,

,
. William Harvey (1578-1957), ,
Hieronymo Fabrizio (1553-1619),
24

Westfall, R. S., , . . (: -

, 1995), . 39-41.
22

, .
, . ,
. 25

. 17 . ,
. ,
, ( ) , . , 13 ,
.
, . , .
. ,

, : .

. ,
25

Crombie, .., . 233.


23

. ,
17 ,
,
. ,
,
. , Samuel Clarke (1675-1729) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). ,
. 26

, (1596-1650), . . ,
.
( ) , . ,
.

.
, anima motrix . ,
.
26

Brooke, J. H., . , . . (-

: , 2008), . 169-70, 200.


24


. , ,
.
,
,
,
, .
.
- . , ,
. , . Robert Boyle (1627-1691), ,
,
.
Boyle
,
. , ,
,
.
,
. Bacon,
. Bacon
25

. , . ,

, , .
Bacon

.
17
.
(1603), 1611,

. (1657-67) .

. , .
(1660) (1666),
, ,
.

.
16 17
( ) (
),
( Boyle
26

).
.
,
. Boyle
, ,
. , , . Boyle ,
. 27

,
.

Boyle, ,
.
, ,
(1687) (1704). ,
.
,
27

Shapin, St., Schaffer, S., Leviathan and the Air Pump. Hobbes, Boyle and the Experimental

Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985)


27

,
.
1860,
.
, . . ,

,
. ,
.
,


.
,
. , ,
. ,
(hypotheses non fingo),
,
,
,
.

,
, .
1672
. ,
28

1704,
, Robert Hooke (1635-1703). H ,
.
, 1717,
(Queries),

. E
, ,
.
, .
, .
, 1670,
.
17 , .
,

17 .
. , .
,
29

,
, .
Betty Jo Dobbs,
. : ,
. 28


, 16 17
.
,
.
16 17
,
. ,
. , , -, ,
,
.

,

28

Dobbs B.J.T., The Janus faces of Alchemy: the role of alchemy in Newtons thought, (Cam-

bridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).


30

.


,
.

31

You might also like