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    21 views17 pages

    11-12 Jan

    Uploaded by

    Shyama Sundari Devi
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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    = Unwversm KKeBancsaan Mataysia. The National University af Malaysia PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER I SESI AKADEMIK 2011-2012 IJAZAH SARJANAMUDA DENGAN KEPUJIAN KODKURSUS =: ~—STAB2004 TAJUKKURSUS : — BIOMETRI DAN REKABENTUK EKSPERIMEN ARAHAN : 1, Kertas ini mempunyai Bahagian A, B dan C. 2. Jawab SEMUA soalan Bahagian A dalam borang OMR dengan menggunakan pensil 2B dan jawab SEMUA soalan Balagian B dan C dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan, 3. Jumlah markah keseluruhan kertas ini 105 markah, 4. Kertas soalan tidak dibenarkan dibawa keluar daripada Dewan Peperiksaan, LI No. Pendaftaran : | 1 | (dengan perkataan) Set Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 16 muka surat bercetak, tidak termasuk muka surat ini. (NS 1S0 9001 REG NO. AR DEAS No. Pendaftaran: STAB 2004 SECTION A (30 MARKS) Instruction: Answer ALL questions in the OMR sheet provided, 1 6. ‘The mean square error is the unexplained variance per experimental unit, A True B. False An experiment is conducted in the field in a completely randomized design, but there is a fertility gradient in the field. In the ANOVA, this variance will appear as part of the “between treatments” effect. A. Tre B. False The mathematical model for a completely randomized design can be written as Yop tote A. True B. False The MSE in the ANOVA for a completely randomized design with two treatments has the same degrees of freedom as the #-test used to compare the treatment means, A True B. False If the null hypothesis is accepted, there is a significant difference between the treatments, A True B. False ANOVA isa statistical measure adopted to analyze differences among group variances. A True B. False Ina one-way ANOVA, the between mean square plus the within mean square must equal the total mean square if computations are correct. A. True B. False . No, Pendaftaran: STAB 2004 10. lL. 12, 14 In order for an interaction to occur, the plotted lines in the interaction plot must always cross. A. True B. False ‘Whenever there is a correlation between two variables, we can make predictions based on the correlation. A. True B. False A2x3 ANOVA has six factors. A. True B. False The standard error is the A. variance of a population of means B. square root of (sample variance divided by the meas) C. standard deviation of a population of means D. difference between treatment means required for significance The tendency of the distribution of sample means to be normally distributed regardless of the shape of the underlying distribution is known as the A. additive theorem B. normal distribution theorem C. sample mean theorem D. central limit theorem Ina randomized complete block design with 4 treatments A. there must be 4 blocks B. each block must consist of more than 4 experimental units C. the experimental units within each block should be as similar as possible D. the experimental units assigned to each treatment should be as similar as possible Which of these statements is TRUE? A. The null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is higher than the critical p-value B. The alternative hypothesis is accepted if the p-value is higher than the critical p-value C. The mull hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is lower than the critical p-value D. The null hypothesis is accepted if the p-value is lower than the critical p-value No. Pendaftaran: 16. 7. 19, 20. STAB 2004 What is the difference between one-way and factorial ANOVAs? A. The number of dependent variables B. The number of levels of the independent variable C. ‘The number of independent variables D. ‘The number of subjects in each group ‘When a study has three independent variables, it is referred to as a A. 3-way ANOVA. B. _ between subjects ANOVA C. multiple ANOVA, D. repeated measures ANOVA What statistics could we examine to check that the assumption of homogeneity of variance has not been violated? A. Mode B. Confidence interval c. Mean. D. Standard deviation A two Variable Chi Square test is also called a A. test of dependence B. parameter estimate C. goodness of fit test D. test of independence As the number of degrees of freedom for a distribution increases, the difference between the r-distribution and the standard normal distribution A. becomes larger B. becomes smaller C. stays the same D. None of the above A Type Il error is committed when A. a false null hypothesis is not rejected B. true null hypothesis is mistakenly rejected C. the sample size has been too small D. None of the above No. Pendaflaran: 24. 22. 24. 25, STAB 2004 The method for selecting the best fitting line minimizes squared prediction error. It is called the A. least squares method B. best fit method C. method of smallest deviation D. polynomial method ‘A manufacturer of pesticide uses three different processes. The management ordered a study of the production costs to see if there is a difference among the average costs for the three processes. The appropriate hypotheses to be tested are A ‘Ho: ba = 2 = is and Hy: jay = poo # ps B. Ho: ay = p= ps and Hy: All of the means are not equal C,H: ay = He = ms and Hj: Not all of the means are equal D. None of the above If the effect of one independent variable changes with different levels of another independent variable, one has A. a deviation score B. an interaction C. —adependent effect D. amain effect Refer to the table below. Factor 1 =40 x= 80 Factor 2 ‘You might expect to find a significant main effect for factor 1 main effect for factor 2 interaction effect effect in none of the above situations Samp Concomitant variable can be accounted for using expected mean squares ANCOVA correlation inferential statistics owe No. Pendaftaran: STAB 2004 26. 27. 28, Which of the following refer to the Latin square design? 1 0 IL. pomp It is the best layout of pots in a greenhouse experiment Itis used to separate two sources of environmental variation from random error Ithas experimental units in the rows and in the columns, where ¢= the number of treatments Itis the best design to use with a two-factor factorial treatment arrangement Tand I Mand 1, Hand I, Mand Iv Analysis of covariance is a statistical technique that L pomp can be used to help equate groups on specific variables combines ANOVA and regression substitutes for random assignment to groups adjusts scores on the independent variable to control for extraneous variables Tandi Mand M Mand Iv 1, Mand IV The standard two-sample /test is applicable when sample sizes are equal samples are dependent samples are large the outliers are present Tand I Tand 1 Mand 11 I, Wand IV ‘No. Pendaftaran; _ STAB 2004 29. 30. Which of the following are possible in a factorial design with two independent variables? I, There is only one main effect present IL There are two main effects present IIL, There are two main effects and an interaction effect present IV. There are two main effects present with no interaction A. Land IL B. Iand lL CT, Wand Iv D. 1,11, Wand iv Which of the following are important in the design of experiments? 1. Maximize confounding variables I. Replication of experimental units UL Randomization in assigning units to different treatments IV. Avoid blocking in heterogeneous settings A. TandIL B. Hand Ill CI, Mand IL D. Land IV No. Pendaftaran: STAB 2004 SECTION B (50 MARKS) Instruction: Answer ALL questions in the space provided 1. What is the advantage of ANOVA over f tests? (2 marks) What is a “balanced design”? (2 marks) What is a split-plot design? (2 marks) ‘What assumptions are relevant to ANOVA? (2 marks) 1, No. Pendaftaran: STAB 2004 5. Clearly state the purpose of a. randomization (1 marks) replication (I marks) Why is Latin square design also known as an incomplete block design? (2 marks) State two differences between correlation and regression. (2 marks) No. Pendaftaran:, STAB 2004 8. What are the sources of variation for a 2-way ANOVA with replicates? (2 marks) 9. Comment on this statement, ‘ANCOVA is also an ANOVA’. (2 marks) 10. Why is blocking necessary in certain experimental settings? (2 marks) 11, When one conducts an ANOVA, a large ratio implies a significant result. a. What js the F-ratio? (2 marks) No. Pendaftaran: zt STAB 2004 b. Why are bigger F-ratio values better? (2 marks) 12, You want to know the effect of light source on pumpkins. You grow 10 plants under natural sunlight, 10 plants under fluorescent light, and 10 plants under incandescent light, ‘You remove excess flowers, so each plant will have only one pumpkin, After 3 months, you measure the diameter of the pumpkins, Identify the experimental units, the observational units and the treatments in this experiment, (3 marks) b. Describe the design for the experiment. (3 marks) No, Pendatftaran: STAB 2004 c. Write the linear statistical model to describe the data, (1 marks) Write the partial analysis of variance, showing only the sources of variation and degrees of freedom. (3 marks) WW No, Pendaftaran: STAB 2004 1B. An experiment was conducted to determine if the growth of mouse embryos varied among embryos of three different initial sizes (S = small, M = medium, L = large) when exposed for different lengths of time (5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days, and 30 days) to a chemical suspected of being an endocrine disruptor. Three hundred and sixty (360) embryos were allocated to 36 growth chambers; ten embryos per chamber. Small embryos were randomly assigned to 12 chambers, medium embryos to another 12 chambers, and large embryos to the last 12 chambers. Two chambers for cach embryo size were then randomly assigned to one of the 6 exposure treatments. After 30 days, the mean weight change (expressed as % growth) of the 10 embryos per chamber was determined. Does embryo size or duration of exposure to the hypothesized endocrine disruptor effect the growth of mouse embryos? a. What are the independent variables and indicate their levels? (3 marks) b. Briefly describe the analysis suitable for this experiment, (3 marks) ¢ Write the partial analysis of variance, showing only the sources of variation and degrees of freedom. (4 marks) 12 ‘No. Pendaftaran: STAB 2004 14, An agronomist intends to compare the effects of three harvesting mechanisms on four varieties of cranberries. The harvesting methods can only be applied to complete fields, but all four varieties can be grown on the same field. Twelve ficlds are available for the experiment and the response of interest is the yield of high quality fruit. a. Briefly describe how to construct and randomize a split-plot design for this experiment. (4 marks) b. Explain the advantage of the split-plot design over a completely randomized factorial design for this experiment, (2 marks) 1B ‘No. Pendaftaran:__ SECTION C (25 MARKS) 1 STAB 2004 An undesirable effect of some antihistamines is drowsiness, which is a consequence of the effect of the drugs on the central nervous system, These data come from an experiment of Hedges et al. (1971) to compare the effect on the central nervous system of a placebo and two antihistamines (Meclastine and Promethazine). This was done by measuring the flicker frequency some time after drug administration in four volunteers who have taken the three treatments, The flicker frequency is a measure of drowsiness and it is hypothesized to be lower under the influence of the antihistamines than under the placebo condition. The data presented here are the measures based on the flicker frequency. | a Drug | Subject Meclastine | Promethazine Placebo | 1 m2 112 131 2 48 37 61 3 106 33 113 4 SI 46 70 Carry out an appropriate analysis to examine whether the effects of the different

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