NG PHP CN GHI NH

The passive voice: Cu b ng

- Cch chuyn i t cu ch ng sang cu b ng:
Active:

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

Passive:

SUBJECT + BE + V3/-ed + BY + OBJECT

- Cch chuyn i hnh thc ng t ca mt s th:

Th

Ch ng

B ng

Hin ti n

V1 / Vs(es)

Am / is / are + V3/-ed

Hin ti tip din

Am / is / are + V-ing

Am / is / are + being + V3/-ed

Hin ti hon thnh Has / have + V3/-ed

Has / have + been + V3/-ed

Qu kh n

V2 / V-ed

Was / were + V3/-ed

Qu kh tip din

Was / were + V-ing

Was / were + being + V3/-ed

Qu kh hon

Had + V3/-ed

Had + been + V3/-ed

Will + V1

Will + be + V3/-ed

thnh
Tng lai n
Note:

- Trng t ch ni chn ng trc by + O; trng t ch thi gian ng sau by + O

- Nu ch t trong cu ch ng l t ph nh th i sang cu b ng ph nh.
Ex: No one cleaned the house.
The house wasnt cleaned.
- Cc ch t someone, anyone, people, he, she, they trong cu ch ng th c
th b by + O trong cu b ng