CHUYN TIP CC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG

T TH H 3 SANG TH H TH 4
TS. NGUYN CNH MINH
B mn K thut Vin thng
Khoa in - in t
Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti
Tm tt: Bi bo dnh cho vic nghin cu tng quan cc cng ngh s dng cho h
thng 4G, cc tham s c bn ca h thng 4G v l trnh pht trin h thng thng tin di
ng ln 4G.
Summary: This paper introduces an overview of technologies, the basic parameters
applied in 4G system and the evolution of mobile communication system to 4G.

I. GII THIU CHUNG

Mc d cc mng 3G c cc tham s cn thit nhm cung cp cc dch v tin tin,
nhng cng ngh khng dy tng lai t nn mng cho mt th h mi, m hin nay gi l
th h th 4 (4G).
Cng ngh 4G cn phi duy tr cc dch v a phng tin tng tc, hi ngh truyn hnh
v internet khng dy, c rng bng tn ln hn, v r rng c vn tc truyn v tnh di ng
ton cu cao hn. Cc tnh nng ny khng c h thng 3G. Phn tch cho thy h thng
4G s cho gi c r hn so vi 3G, do n c xy dng trn c s mng hin c v khng mt
chi ph ln khi chuyn i thit b [1, 2].
II. CC CNG NGH S DNG CHO H THNG 4G
Trn hnh 1 a ra cc cng ngh mi, m nh hng ln n h thng 4G, c mt trn th
trng di ng trong nhng nm gn y.

Hnh 1. Cc cng ngh s dng trong h thng 4G

CT 2

H thng 4G s tng bc s dng cc cng ngh mi hin c nh:

OFDM WLAN (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) - mng LAN khng dy, s
dng cng ngh ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao.
DVB-T - truyn hnh qung b s mt t;
UWB - cng ngh truyn bng siu rng;
TD-SCDMA(Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) - cng ngh
a truy nhp phn chia theo m ng b - phn chia theo thi gian;
Smart antennas - ng ten thng minh;
BLAST - cng ngh ghp knh phn chia theo khng gian, nghin cu phng th
nghim Bella (M);
Software radio - Radio phn mm;
WAP - Giao thc ng dng v tuyn: truy nhp di ng vo internet;
Turbo-code - m turbo;
Bluetooth - cng ngh Bluetooth;
Satellites - cc v tinh;
CT 2

Micro-fuel cells - Pin nhin liu nh;

All-IP - Cng ngh ton IP;
Optical Wireless - cng ngh lin lc kt hp si quang v v tuyn;
Ad-hoc - cng ngh truyn s liu (cho mng phi thc th Ad-hoc).
III. CC THAM S C BN CA H THNG 4G
H thng 4G m bo tc truyn s liu n 100Mb/s. Trong hi tho ln th 8 din ra
Tokio, ITU-R t c tha thun v tin trnh pht trin l cc h thng vin thng di
ng s c thng nht vi cc h thng khc, v d nh vi mng ni vng khng dy v n
nm 2010 s t vn tc truyn d liu 100Mb/s.
im c bn quan trng nht ca h thng 4G l ch n m bo s chuyn i t do
gia cc chun khc nhau, gia cc mng my tnh, gia cc mng thng tin, gia cc h thng
v tinh, gia cc ngi s dng hnh nh - m thanh, , s dng cc cng ngh mi v cc
thut ng mi.
th trn hnh 2 cho thy tc truyn s liu cc cng ngh vin thng khc nhau.

Kh nng di ng
Cao
Thp
C nh

Tc truyn s liu

Mbit/s

Hnh 2. Tc truyn s liu cc cng ngh vin thng

Broadband RLANs - Mng LAN v tuyn bng rng.

Bluetooth - Cng ngh khng dy mi cho mng ni b di tn 2,4 GHz.
Infrared (IrDA) - chun IRDA cho truyn s liu bng hng ngoi.
Future Very High-Speed RLANs - mng LAN v tuyn tc truyn rt cao trong tng lai.
H thng 4G vi cc c im then cht nh:
tp hp cc h thng v thit b a dng khc nhau;
C nhiu u th lin lc my - my;
CT 2

a ra cc dch v a dng;
a dng cc giao thc di ng, bng tn v cht lng dch v QoS;
Tnh bo mt v an ton;
Cc giao din v tuyn v mng ng hn;
S dng ph hiu qu v c ch hn.
Trong bng 1 a ra cc tham s c bn ca h thng 4G. Cc tham s ny n thi im
hon thin h thng 4G c th thay i, nhng n minh ha r s khc nhau gia h thng 3G
v 4G.
Bng 1. Cc tham s c bn ca h thng 4G

Bng tn
rng bng tn
Tc truyn s liu
S a truy nhp
Sa li trc tip,
khng yu cu truyn lp li
Chuyn mch
Vn tc di chuyn ln nht

2-8Ghz
5-20 Mhz
n 100Mb/s
MC-CDMA (OFDM s dng CDMA)
hoc OFDM
Cc s m ha chui
Gi
200 km/gi

Tc truyn s liu, yu cu cho h thng 4G, c th t c nh s W-OFDM. S

mng ni vng vi ghp knh phn chia theo tn s trc giao (Wi-LAN's Wideband
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). y l s cho php truyn ng thi cc
dng s liu tc ln c m ha cc tn s cao. iu ny cho php m bo tnh an ton
mc cao, tng dung lng s liu c pht v s dng hiu qu hn di tn c cp pht. WOFDM da trn chun IEEE 802.11a, l chun c bn ca IEEE 802.16. Cng ngh W-OFDM
hin nay s dng cc mng ni vng di rng khng dy WLAN.
N ph hp s dng vi cc mng nhiu im cng sut nh, trnh c s nh hng
gia cc mng k nhau. iu ny gip cc knh c lp c th lm vic trong gii hn bng tn,
cho php cc mng nhiu im v cc mng trc chnh dng im - im lm vic trong cng
mt di tn.
Phng php OFDM thay i cc tn sng mang theo thi gian cho php iu khin hiu
qu cht lng v cc vn tc truyn s liu. Kh nng ny c xem xt cho cc thit b di
ng 3G. H thng OFDM chia knh theo thi gian TDD vi 512 sng mang TDD v di knh
5Mhz c xem xt. N cho php nhn tc truyn s liu 8Mb/s trong cc p dng c
nh v n 1Mb/s trong cc p dng di ng.
p ng cc yu cu mi a ra cn cc h thng bng rng vi rng bng tn ln
hn ng k so vi h thng 3G. Bng tn cho h thng 4G s l 2-8GHz vi rng bng tn
t 5-20MHz.
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rng bng tn, dnh cho thng tin di ng khng dy, khng th ng u v hiu qu
nu thiu trin khai cc s a truy nhp mi. Mt iu quan trng l khng lm mt tnh
tng thch gia cc h thng CDMA 2G v 3G hin c cng nh vi mng a truy nhp di
rng BRAN (Broadband Access Networks), s dng OFDM.
Mt trong cc s a ra l s FS/MC DS-CDMA. N chia tt c cc bng tn thnh
cc bng tn con, m mi bng tn con c sng mang ring. s dng ng u v hiu qu
cc ti nguyn tn s ca h thng b chuyn i tn s nhanh chm c s dng. Khng yu
cu cc bng sng con nh nhau, nhm cho php a ra cc sng mang con cho cc h thng
di hp nh IS - 95 hoc cho cc h thng CDMA vi nhiu sng mang. S cc sng mang
ln v c xc nh bng tp cc h s m rng ph.
Dy cc bng tn c chia cho cc h thng in hnh. ng thi cng m bo s tng
thch vi h thng a truy nhp di rng BRAN v cc h thng khng cn cp php. Dy cc
knh con vi cc h s m rng di tn thay i c th s dng cho cc dch v khc nhau,vi
cc yu cu vn tc truyn thp hoc rt cao, iu ny cn thit v d nh khi truy nhp khng
dy vo internet.
Mt kh nng khc cho cc h thng a truy nhp s dng hiu qu bng tn c chia - l
s dng cng ngh LAS (Large AreaSynchronization) - CDMA. Cng ngh ny cho php s
dng vic truyn s liu trong bng tn n 5,53 MHz v nhiu ngi c th s dng ng thi.
Cng ngh ny l hp nht ca cng ngh CDMA v TDD. Khi ny khng cn bng tn b

sung khi thm cc dch v truyn s liu v ting mi. Cng ngh a ra tng thch vi cng
ngh IS-95, IS-41 v cc h thng khng dy GSM.
LAS-CDMA s dng cc cng ngh mi m ha thng minh v m rng ph, khc phc
nhc im giao thoa trong cng nh gia cc lin k. S LAS m rng ph v m ha
gim s giao thoa bng cch thng nht 2 mc m ha, gi l m LA v m LS. S dng vic
truyn cc m thng minh gip h thng LAS-CDMA ti u ha ph, iu ny cho php nng
cao hiu qu thu. Ngoi ra thc hin vic tch s liu v ting ni cng l bin php nng cao
hiu qu.
IV. L TRNH PHT TRIN H THNG THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G
L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G c ch ra trn hnh 3:
HSPA (High Speed Packet Data) - giai on 3G+: gi chung ca hai cng ngh truy
nhp HSDPA (truy nhp gi ng xung tc cao) v HSUPA (truy nhp gi ng ln tc
cao). HSDPA c th cung cp tc ln n 10Mbps. N tng dung lng ng xung
bng cch thay th iu ch QPSK trong 3G UMTS bng 16QAM trong HSDPA. Hot ng
trn c s kt hp ghp knh theo thi gian (TDM) vi ghp knh theo m v s dng thch ng
ng truyn. N cng a ra mt knh iu khin ring m bo tc truyn dn s liu.
Cc k thut tng t cng c p dng cho ng ln trong chun HSUPA .
LTE (Long Term Evolution) hay Super-3G - giai on u ca 4G: trong giai on ny
tc s liu t c 30-100Mbps vi bng thng 20MHz.
IMT-Adv (IMT tin tin) - giai on pht trin ca 4G: y l thi k tip sau ca LTE.
Tc s liu t c t 100 n 1000 Mbps v bng thng 100MHz.

Hnh 3. L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G

CT 2

V. KT LUN

Vi cc dch v i hi tc cao ngy cc tr nn ph bin, nhu cu ca h thng 3G

cng nh pht trin n ln 4G ngy cng tr nn cp thit vi cc nc trn th gii cng nh
Vit nam. Trong giai on u ca 4G tc s liu t c 30-100Mbps vi bng thng
20MHz. Tip sau thi k pht trin ca 4G vi tc t 100 n 1000 Mbps v bng thng
100MHz.

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. . . , . . , . . , . . ,
, . , 2008.
[2]. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng: L trnh pht trin thng tin di ng 3G ln 4G, Hc vin Cng ngh
BCVT, 12/2008

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