Dn bin cc tr t c ti

bin
a, b, c 0, ab bc ca 1
Bi ton 1 :(Hojoo Lee) : Cho

. Chng minh rng

1
1
1
5

ab bc ca 2

t f(a;b;c) l v tri bt ng thc cn chng minh. Ta s chng minh

f (a; b; c ) f (a b;

1
; 0)
a b

d f (a; b; c) f (a b;

1
;0)
ab

1
1
1
1
1

)(
ab
)
1
a b a 1 ab b 1 ab
ab
ab
ab
ab
ab
1
1
1
d

1
0
2
2
1 a 1 b
1 ( a b) 2
d (

f ( a; b; c) f ( a b;

Vy

Khi ta t

ab x

1
; 0)
ab
1
y
ab

, iu cn chng minh tng ng vi

1 1
1
5

x y x y 2
vi xy = 1

t s = x+y th iu cn chng minh tng ng vi

1 5
s
s 2

hay (2s-1)(s-2)

2 xy 2
iu ny hin nhin ng do theo bt ng thc Cauchy th s = x + y
ng thc xy ra khi a=b=1 v c = 0

H qu (Zhao Bin, Trung Quc ) : Cho a,b,c l 3 s thc khng m v c ti a 1 s bng 0.

Chng minh rng
1
1
1
10
2
2

2
2
2
x y
y z
z x
( x y z )2
2

Bi ton 2 :(Jack Grafukel) : Cho a,b,c l 3 s thc dng ty . Chng minh rng
a
ab

bc

c
ca

5
abc
4

Ta xt khi c 1 trong 3 s a,b,c bng 0. Gi s c = 0 . bt ng thc tr thnh :

a
ab

5
ab
4

Chun ha cho a+b = 1. Ta c bt ng thc cn chng minh tng ng vi :

1 b b

5
1
( b )2 0
4
2

l lun ng

Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s a = max{a,b,c}. Chun ha a+b+c = 1

t

ac
2

ac
2

. Khi , a = s + t v c = t s

Khi , iu cn chng minh tng ng vi :

f (s)

ts
s t 1

f ( s ) max{ f (0), f (1)}

Ta s chng minh
Xt o hm ca f

vi

1 2t
1 t s

0st

ts
2t

5
4

f '( s )

1
s 1 t

ts

3
2

1 2t
3

2( s 1 t )
2(1 t s) 2
1
3(t s)
3(1 2t )
f "( s)

3
5
5
2
2
(s 1 t )
4( s 1 t )
4(1 t s ) 2
9
15(t s )
15(1 2t )
18 3s 33t
15(1 2t )
f '''( s )

5
7
7
7
7
2
2
2
2
4( s 1 t )
8( s 1 t )
8(1 t s)
8( s 1 t )
8(1 t s) 2

Do

b 1 2t 0

nn

1
2

f '''( x) 0

. Vy ta c

. p dng nh l Rolle

f '( s) 0

phng trnh
f '(0) 0, f '(t ) 0

c ti a 2 nghim trn [0;t]. Mt khc, d thy

nn f(s) ch c th i du ti a 1 ln trn on [0;t]; hn na, f(s) ch

c th c mt trong cc dng sau : f(s) > 0 vi mi 0 < s < t hoc f(s) < 0 vi mi 0 < s < t
hoc f(s) c dng -0+ trn (0;t) . Tuy nhin trong c 3 trng hp th f(s) cng c th t cc
f ( s ) max{ f (0), f (1)}
0st
tr ti bin nn
vi
Bng cch tng t, ta cng c th chng minh bi ton m rng sau :
k (0,1)

Cho a,b,c l 3 s thc dng ,

. Chng minh rng

a
b
c

C ( a b c)1 k
k
k
k
(b c )
(c a )
(a b)

Trong ,

C 1 k k2

a, b, c 0

Bi ton 3 :Cho

v
3

abc 3

. Chng minh rng

b 3 c 3 a 3b 3 b 3 c 3 c 3 a 3

Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s

abc

f a, b, c 36 ab bc ca

36 ab bc ca

. Khi ta t
b3 c3 (a 3b3 b3 c3 c3 a3 )

f (a, b, c ) f (a, b c, 0)

Ta s chng minh

f a, b c, 0 36a b c a 3 b c

a b c
3

Tht vy ta c :
Do

bc 0

36(ab bc ca ) 36a (b c )

nn
a 3 b3 c 3 a 3 b c

Mt khc, do

a 3b3 b3c 3 c 3a 3 a 3 b c

b3 c 3

a b

3 3

b3 c 3 c 3 a 3

li c

nn ta

3
3
a3 b c a3 b c

Vy ta ch cn chng minh bi ton trong trng hp c = 0 hay

36ab a 3b3 a 3 b3

ab t

36 a 2b 2 a 3 b3

t 2 (27 9t ) 36
th iu cn chng minh tng ng vi

Tht vy, theo bt ng thc Cauchy 3 s th

t3 t3
4 3t 3
2 2

hay

t 3 4 3t 2

nn ta c iu cn chng minh

ng thc xy ra khi a=2,b=1,c=0

Bi ton 4 : Vi a,b,c l cc s thc khng m c tng bng 2 . CMR

(a 2 ab b 2 )(b 2 bc c 2 )(c 2 ca a 2 ) 3
abc

Khng mt tnh tng qu gi s

t

Ta t
u

ab
t 1
2

a b
2

. Khi a = t+ u v b = t u. Ta s chng minh :

(a 2 ab b 2 )(b 2 bc c 2 )(c 2 ca a 2 ) 3t 2 (t 2 tc c 2 ) 2
(*)

a 2 ab b 2 2t 2 2u 2 t 2 u 2 3t 2 u 2
Tht vy , ta c :
Mt khc, ta c :
(a 2 ac c 2 )(b 2 bc c 2 ) a 2 b 2 abc( a b c) c 4 c 2 ( a 2 b 2 ) c3 ( a b)
(t 2 u 2 ) 2 c(2t c)(t 2 u 2 ) c 4 2c 2 (t 2 u 2 ) 2tc 3
t 4 2tc(t 2 c 2 ) 3t 2 c 2 c 4 u 2 (2tc c 2 2t 2 u 2 )

Vy iu cn chng minh tng ng vi :

3t 2
(a 2 ac c 2 )(b 2 bc c 2 )

1
a 2 ab b 2
(t 2 tc c 2 ) 2

1
2tc 2t 2 c 2 u 2

3t 2 u 2
(t 2 tc c 2 )2
hay

(t 2 tc c 2 )2 (3t 2 u 2 )(2tc 2t 2 c 2 u 2 )
5t 4 4t 3 c 6t 2 c 2 2tc 3 c 4 u 2 (t c) 2 u 4

Tht vy, do

tc

nn :

5t 4 4t 3 c 6t 2 c 2 2tc 3 c 4 5t 4 5t 2 c 2 5t 2 (t c )(t c ) 5(t c )t 3 2(t c ) 4 u 2 (t c ) 2 u 4

Do (*) c chng minh . Cui cng, ta chng minh nu 2t+c = 2 th :
3t 2 (t 2 tc c 2 ) 3 t 2 (t 2 tc c 2 ) 1
Thay c = 2-2t. iu cn chng minh tng ng vi
(1 t )(1 3t 3t 2 ) 0

iu ny lun ng do
ng thc xy ra

t 1

a=b=1,c=0

Bi ton 5 :Cho a,b,c l 3 s thc dng. Chng minh rng :

(a 2 b 2 c 2 ) 2 4( a b c)(a b)(b c)(c a )
f (a, b, c) (a 2 b 2 c 2 ) 2 4(a b c)(a b)(b c)(c a )
t
Khng gim tnh tng qut, gi s c = min{a,b,c}

Nu

abc

th

VT 0 VP

hin nhin ng nn ta ch xt trng hp

bac

f (a, b, c) f (a, b, 0)

Ta s chng minh
f (a, b, c) f ( a, b, 0) ( a 2 b 2 c 2 ) 2 (a 2 b 2 ) 2 4(a b)[(a b c)(b c )(c a ) ab (a b)]
( a 2 b 2 c 2 )2 (a 2 b2 )2 4(b a)[(a b c )(bc ab c 2 ac ) ab(a b)]
( a 2 b 2 c 2 ) 2 (a 2 b 2 )2 4(b a)[(a b)(bc c 2 ac ) c (bc ab c 2 ac)]
( a 2 b 2 c 2 ) 2 (a 2 b 2 ) 2 4(b a )c[(a b)(a b c ) bc ab c 2 ac]
( a 2 b 2 c 2 ) 2 (a 2 b2 )2 4(b a )c ( a 2 b2 ab c 2 ) 0
f ( a, b, c) f ( a, b, 0)

Vy
f ( a, b, 0) (a 2 b 2 ) 2 4(b2 a 2 ) ab ( a 2 2ab b 2 ) 2 0
M
Vy bi ton c chng minh xong
c 0, a 2 2ab b 2 0
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi