2004 01 29

212

14

9 1

1
2

p. 1


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1.

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(1) ..................................................................................................................... 10
(2) ..................................................................................................................... 10
(3) .............................................................................................................. 10
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[c] ............................................................................................ 18
[]

[].............................................................. 18

p. 2

[]

[]

[] .......................................................... 19
[]

[] ................................................................. 19

[][][]

...................... 19

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[S]=[][]

1.......... 19

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... 19

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11

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10

12

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p. 3

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11

13

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4RL ........................................................................................................ 49
5RC ........................................................................................................ 49

p. 4

1.

()

JPEG

()

20 ()
20

p. 5

19
16

11

35
85
60

p. 6

2,3

(sine)
(cosine)(tangent)

sin() cos
tan

in

os

an

sin 2 ( ) + cos 2 ( ) = 1
()

3335

p. 7

B 2 + C 2 = A2
A 2
2

B C
+ =1
A A
cos 2 ( ) + sin 2 ( ) = 1
z

tan ( ) =

sin ( )
cos( )

sin cos
sin cos tan
cos +1

cos( 2n ) = cos( )

sin ( 2n ) = sin ( )
tan ( n ) = tan ( )

tan

project

p. 8

cos
sin
tan

-1

-2
-2

-1

[rad]

:function
X
-1
-1 (inverse)5

y=cos-1(x)
y=cos(x)

-
0

-2
-2
-2

-2

5-1

p. 9

sin( + ) = sin( ) cos( ) + cos( )sin( )

cos( + ) = cos( ) cos( ) sin( )sin( )

(1)

sin(2 ) = sin ( + ) = sin( ) cos( ) + cos( )sin ( ) = 2 cos( )sin ( )

cos(2 ) = ocs( + ) = cos( ) cos( ) sin ( )sin ( ) = cos 2 ( ) sin 2 ( )

sin 2 + cos 2 = 1

cos(2 ) = cos 2 ( ) 1 cos 2 ( ) = 2 cos 2 ( ) 1

cos(2 ) = 1 sin 2 ( ) sin 2 ( ) = 1 2 sin 2 ( )

(2)

2 cos 2 ( ) 1 = cos(2 )
cos 2 ( ) =

cos(2 ) + 1
2

sin 2 ( ) =

1 cos(2 )
2

(3)

sin( + ) = sin( ) cos( ) + cos( )sin( )

sin( ) cos( ) + cos( )sin( ) = sin( + )
cos(),sin()

P sin ( ) + Q cos( ) = sin( + )

A sin( ) + B cos( )

p. 10


A
sin ( ) +
A2 + B 2
2
2
A +B

A sin ( ) + B cos( ) =

2
2

A +B

A

2
2
A +B

cos( )
A2 + B 2

A
A +B
2

A + B2
2

sin() cos()

A sin ( ) + B cos( ) =

A 2 + B 2 sin ( + )

cos( ) =

A
A +B
2

sin( ) =

B
A + B2
2

=
3

(1) sin
(5) sin

(1) =

=
4

7
=
4
1 1
(7) cos =
2

(2) cos
(6) cos

8
=
3
1
1
(8) sin
=
2

(3) cos

(0) =

(4) sin

(1) sin( ) =

(2) cos

3
2

(3) sin(3 ) =

(4) cos(3 ) =

(5) sin( ) cos( ) =

(6) sin ( ) + 3 cos( ) =

p. 11

(6) 2 sin ( ) + 5 cos( ) =

1/2 (imaginary number)8

ij9

j = 1
2

j 2 = 1 = 1
1
j
j
= 2 =
=j
j j
1
(real number)(complex number)
(real part)imaginary part

XY Y

(a,b)

r
O

51546162

9 i

p. 12

1 j 2 = 12 + ( 2) = 1 + 4 = 5
2

2
(1)

(1 + j 2)(2 j3) = 1(2 j3) + j 2(2 j3) = 2 j3 + j 4 + 6 = 8 + j

(2)

(2 + j )2

= 22 + j4 j 2 = 4 + j4 + 1 = 5 + j4

1 + j 2 (1 + j 2)(2 + j 3) 2 + j 3 + j 4 6 4 + j 7
4
7
= + j
=
=
=
2 j 3 (2 j 3)(2 + j 3)
4+9
13
13
13

e j = cos + j sin

(,)

(a,b)

10

10

any

p. 13

(a,b)(r,)

a + jb = re j = r (cos + j sin )

a
r = a 2 + b 2 , = cos 1
2
2
a +b

b
, = sin 1
2
2
a +b

(1) 1 j = 1 + 1 e
2

1 + j = 2e

(2)

= 2e j , cos =

1
2

, sin =

1
2

3 + j4 3 + j4
32 + 4 2
=
=
=
2+ j
2+ j
2 2 + 12

25
5

= 5

[]

3 + j 4 (3 + j 4)(2 j ) 6 + 4 + j8 j 3 10 + j 5
=
=
=
= 2 + j = 2 2 + 12 = 5
(2 + j )(2 j ) 4 + 1 + j 2 j 2
2+ j
5

a + jb = re j
a + jb
r1e j1
r1 e j1
r
a + jb
=
=
=
= 1
j 2
j 2
c + jd
c + jd
r2 e
r2
r2 e

cos 2 1 + sin 2 1
cos 21 + sin 21
2

r1
r2

= cos + j sin , e j = cos j sin

p. 14

e j + e j
e j e j
cos =
, sin =
2
2j

(1)2+j2=

(2)-1-j=

(3)2+j=

(5)-3+j 3 =

(4)-j3=

(1) 2 + j 5 =

(2) 3 j 3 =

(3) 4 + j 2 =

p. 15

(4)

3+ j
=
1 j3

(5)

2+ j 3
=
3 + j4

11

11

5962

p. 16

()(12)

force: F [N]
velocity: v

[m/s]

(acceleration: a) [m/s2]
()9.8[m/s2]

(gravity: g)

[(F)] [mass: m][(a)]

[N][kg][m/s ]

[(energy)]

[(work)][][]

[J][N][m]
[] []
[W][N][s]

field
(potential energy)
1
(height) 1

12

[][]
(W)
James Watt; 17361819()
[W] (work)

(velocity)
(voltage)

p. 17

( 1

c)

/
( 1

d)/

(a)

+2

(b)
1

(c)

(d)

13

[c]14

[]

[]

"electric charge"charge

13

coulomb c C.A. de Coulomb17361806

14

p. 18

[]

[]

[]

[]

(power)

[]

15

[][][]

16

[S]=[][]

15 (resistance)
[]
16

(conductance)
(ohm)(mho)
(second)

p. 19

17
[V][]

/[A]
D
[V][V]

[V]
unique

[V]
I=VR [A]

[V]

+[]

[V]

[V]

[V]

(a)

(D)

1
181

(voltage drop)

17

18

(bias)

p. 20

++++

++

R3

R2

R1

V3

V2

V1

I3

I2

I1

++++

++

1 1
1
1
=
+
+
R R1 R2 R3
R=

1
1
1
1
+
+
R
R
R
1
2
3
I

R1

I1

p. 21

R3

V2

V1

R2

I2

V3
I3

[]

R
6

19

R
R

(1)
(3)

R' =

2R

(2)

1
1
1
+
R 2R

2 RR
2R 2 2
=
= R
2R + R
3R
3

(3)

(4)
R

23

53

19 6

p. 22

5 2
5
R
R
5
3
3
R
=
=
= R
'
(5)
5
7
7
R+ R
3
3

R+

5
12
R= R
7
7

57R

[]
(1)

(2)

20
1
R

R
R

20

p. 23

21

22
23

21 (plastic)
(elastic)

22

23

p. 24

24

25

26

Vo
Is27

VoIs IsVo

RE[V][]

VL =

RL
E
E, I =
RL +
RL +

24

(load)
(over load)

25

200

26

(open)
(short)

27

p. 25

PL = VL I =

RL

( R L + )2

() 12 10

P [W]

VO [V]

I [A]

1012V

10

4
2
0
10-1

100

101

102

103

104

RL []

PL = V L I =

RL

(R L + )

E=

1
RL + 2 +

RL

RL()

p. 26

x+ y
xy
2

x+ y

2
2

( xy )

x 2 + 2 xy + y 2
x 2 2 xy + y 2 x y
=
xy =
=
0
4
4
2
2

RL +

2
RL

RL

2
RL

= RL

p. 27

2.5

28

29

R1

R3

R2

E1

E2

2
3

R2 2

28

LC

29

p. 28

1
30

2 2 3 1231

30

31

p. 29

R1

R3

I1

R2

I2

R1

1
E1

I1

E2

R3
I1-I2

I2

E2

R2

E1

E1 R1 I 1 R2 (I 1 I 2 ) = 0

R2 (I 1 I 2 ) R3 I 2 E 2 = 0

32

(R1 + R2 )I 1 R2 I 2 = E1

R2 I 1 (R2 + R3 )I 2 = E 2
R2R3 2R2

(R1 + R2 )(R2 + R3 )I1 R2 2 I1 = (R2 + R3 )E1 R2 E 2

(R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1 )I1 = (R2 + R3 )E1 R2 E 2
I1 =

(R2 + R3 )E1 R2 E 2

(R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1 )

R2 I 2 = (R1 + R2 )I 1 E1
I2 =

(R1 + R2 )I 1 E1
R2

(R1 + R2 ){(R2 + R3 )E1 R2 E 2 } E1(R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1 )

R2 (R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1 )
2
R E (R1 + R2 )R2 E 2
I2 = 2 1
R2 (R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1 )

I2 =

32

1312

1312

p. 30

 I2 =

R2 E1 (R1 + R2 )E 2
R1 R2 + R2 R3 + R3 R1

33

IA

IB

R1

E 1 R1 I A R 2 I c = 0

R2 I C + R3 I B E 2 = 0
I +I I =0
A
B
C

E1

R3
E2

R2
IC

34

I A = I1

I B = I 2
I = I + I
A
B
C
I
II

2
2
2

33

34

divergence

p. 31

p. 32

11

dy

=
lim
dx
x 0 y

(1)

d n
x = nx ( n 1)
dx
d
d
sin ( x ) = cos(x ),
cos( x ) = sin ( x )
dx
dx
df ( g (x )) df (g ( x )) dg ( x )
=
dx
dg (x ) dx
d { f (x )g ( x )} df ( x )
dg ( x )
g (x ) + f (x )
=
dx
dx
dx

(2)
(3)
(4)

(3)
(4)(1)

d
d
d
d f (x ) d
1
1
1
1
=

f (x ) g (x ) + f (x ) g (x )
f (x ) g (x ) =
f (x ) g (x ) =
dx
dx
dx
dx g ( x ) dx

f ' ( x) f ( x )g ( x ) g ( x ) f ' ( x) f ( x )g ( x )

=
g (x )
g ( x )2
g ( x )2
'

'

p. 33

)x=0
x(t) v(t)
A B

x(t)
x=0

x(t)A

x(t)0

x(t)A

v(t)0

(t)B

x(t)0

x(t)

A
t2
t1

t3

-A

v(t)

t1

t2

t3

-B
t

-cos(t) sin(t)

sin cos cos sin (

cos )

p. 34


v I

di
dt
dq
dv
i=
=C
dt
dt
v=L

L [H]C
[F]
[c]
sin

sin

i = I sin (t )
v=L

di
d [I sin (t )]

=L
LI cos(t ) = LI sin t +
2
dt
dt

v=L

di
= jLi
dt

p. 35

10

12

dv

i=C

dt
v = V sin (t )
dv
d [V sin (t )]

=C
= CV cos(t ) = CV sin t +
i=C
dt
dt
2

v i L
C C

i=C

dv
= jCv
dt

Im

Im

Re

Re

p. 36

1)
2
3

1 ()
v[m/s][s] t=0

()
a[m/s][s]v[m/s]x[m]
t=0

v
a

p. 37

2
= tat2 = at2/2

Sum

10

10

n = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10
n =1

difference

f(x)a,b

f(x)
x(b-a)/n

x
a

limlimit 3

p. 38

lim f ( x k )x = lim f [a + (k 1)x ]x = lim

n

k =1

k =1

k =1

(b a ) (b a ) = f (x )dx

f a + (k 1)
a
n n

SumS

(integral)
ICIntegrated Circuti
integral

l=2(r+dr)
dr

dr
l=2r

A B

[ ]

S = 2rdr = r 2

= r 2

p. 39

OK
S4V43

A B
B A

26

12

126

266 2
6
12

p. 40

dS d (r 2 )
=
= 2r = l
dr
dr

p. 41


11

13

2.4

resisotr
resist

impede,

impedance

R[]E[V]I[A]
35

R=

E
I

()

field

35

p. 42

2.9

v=L

i=

di
dt

dv
dq
=C
dt
dt

2.10

i=

1
v dt
L

v=

1
v dt
C

36

36
Laplace

Laplace

p. 43


37

()

38

L C
L

di
dt

1
v dt
L

v=L
i=

i=

dv
dq
=C
dt
dt

v=

1
v dt
C

39

d
dt

jw

dt

1
jw

37

38

39
(sin)

p. 44

.12

()

()

Z
ZA+j

A B Z=A+jB
A[]
B[]B

Z
Y

Y=1Z
Z Y
Z
Yj
Z [][S]
Y [S](
)[S]()

p. 45

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

Z = R + jX

Y = G + jY '

1
Y =
Z

Y=
=

(R jX )
1
R jX
R jX
R jX
=
= 2
= 2
= 2
2
2
2
R + jX (R + jX )(R jX ) R ( j ) X
R ( 1)X
R +X2

X
X
R
R

= G +Y'
j 2
= 2
+ j 2
2
2
2
2
R
X
R +X
R +X
R +X
+

G = R 2 + X 2

X
Y ' =
2

R +X2

p. 46

(G jY ' ) = G jY ' = R + jX
1
=
G + jY ' (G + jY ' )(G jY ' ) G 2 + Y ' 2
G

2
R = 2

G +Y'

'
Y ' = Y
2

G2 +Y '
Z=

[rad/s]

[]

1
1 1 2
= + =
Z1 R R R
R
Z1 =
2
Z = R + Z1 = R +

R
= 1.5R
2

[]

1
1
1
=
+
Z 1 R2 R3
( R2 R3 )
1
1
=
=
Z1 =
1
1 1
(
R2 R3 )

1
+

+
R2 R3 R2 R3
R2 R3
[]
Z = R1 + Z1 = R1 +
R2 + R3

R2 R3
R2 R3
=
R2 + R3
1
1

+ ( R2 R3 )
R2 R3

p. 47

Z1 =

R3 R4
R3 + R4

, Z 2 = R2 + Z 1 = R2 +

R3 R4
R (R + R4 ) + R3 R4
= 2 3
R3 + R4
R3 + R4

R (R + R4 ) + R3 R4
R (R + R4 ) + R3 R4
R1 2 3
R1 2 3

R3 + R4
R3 + R4
R1 Z 2
(R3 + R4 )

Z=
=
=
R1 + Z 2
R2 (R3 + R4 ) + R3 R4 (R3 + R4 )
R (R + R4 ) + R3 R4
R1 + 2 3

R1 +
R3 + R4
R3 + R4

R1 [R2 (R3 + R4 ) + R3 R4 ]
R [R (R + R4 ) + R3 R4 ]
= 1 2 3
R1 (R3 + R4 ) + R2 (R3 + R4 ) + R3 R4 (R1 + R2 )(R3 + R4 ) + R3 R4

[]

1+2343

1+
4
3
2

2
3 =?

???

2343

2
3 =?
4
3

()?

23432343
?

p. 48

 2

3 =
4

3

2
3
4
3

4R L

+ R[] L[H]
L[H]L[]
1

Z1 =

1
1
1
+
R2 jwL

jwL R2
R2 + jwL

(wL ) R2 + j wL R2
jwL R2
jwL R2 ( R2 jwL )
= R1 +
= R1 +
2
2
( R2 + jwL )( R2 jwL )
R2 + jwL
R2 + (wL )
2

Z = R1 + Z1 = R1 +
= R1 +

(wL )2 R2
2
2
R2 + (wL )

+ j

wL R2

R2 + (wL )
2

[]

5R C
C[F] 1

p. 49

jC

[]

Z1 =

1
1
1
+
R2 1

jwC

Z = R1 + Z1 = R1 +
= R1 +

R2

1 + (wC R2 )

R2
1 + jwC R2

1
+ jwC
R2

R2
R2 (1 jwC R2 )
R (1 jwC R2 )
= R1 +
= R1 + 2
(1 + jwC R2 )(1 jwC R2 )
1 + jwC R2
1 + (wC R2 )2
j

wC R2

1 + (wC R2 )

[]

p. 50