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Reactors
( )
(1)Batch
(2)CSTR
(3)PFR
(4)PBD

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5.1DesignStractureforIsothermalReactors
(Fig51)
p
q
Step1molebalanceequation
Step2
Step3NA0FA0,
rA=f(x)
Step9

S
Step3r
3 A=f(x)
f( )
(V,T)
Step5
ForliquidPhasereactionP=P0Step6
ForgasPhasereactionPP0Step7

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(Fig52)
CalculatePFRreactorvolumeafirstordergas
Calculate
PFR reactor volume a first order gasphase
phase
reaction
TheAlgorithm
1.MoleBalance
2.Rate law
2.Ratelaw
3.Stoichiometry
4.Combine
5.Valuate

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5.2BatchReactors(BRs)
1.

2.
V=V0()
3.

5.2.1BatchReactionTimes

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B.C.t=0x=0
t=tx=x

AlgorithmtoestimatereactiontimetR forbothfirstorderand
secondorderreactioncarriedoutisothermally(irreversible)

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Table52Batchreactor90%

Thetotalcycletime(tt)islongerthanthereactiontime(tR)
tt=tf+te+tc+tR
totalcycletimett
tf
te
tc

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5.3ContinuousStirredTankReactors(CSTRs)
Designed eq.
Designedeq.

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CSTRCSTR

5.3.1ASingleCSTR
5.3.1.1FirstOrderReaction

(57)

12

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5.3.1.2 ASecondOrderReactioninaCSTR
ratelawdesignequation

(511)X

13

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5.3.1.1ASecondOrderReactioninaCSTR
Forafirstorderreaction
Damkohler number(Da)
Damkohler number(Da)
1.

2.DaA

3.Damkohler number
First order
Firstorder
Secondorder
4.Da

Equation(58)

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5.3.1CSTRsinseries
(V
V0)CSTR
(V=V

1A

Fromamolebalanceinreactor2

Firstorderreaction

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Da
56

16

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1.Da>>12390%

2.Da~0.1

An

17

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18

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19

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20

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21

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5.4TubularReactors

1.
.
2.

(plugflow)

22

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1.

2.

23

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Forconstanttemperatureandpressure
There are three types of reactions
Therearethreetypesofreactions
1.
a.No changeinthenumberofmoleswithreaction
b.At aconstantvolumetricflowrate(V=V0)astheconversion
increase
2.
a.In thegasphasereactiondecreaseinthenumberofmoles
b.The volumetricgasflowratedecreaseastheconversion
increase

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3.
a.An increaseinthetotalnumberofmolesinthegasphase
b.

25

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26

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27

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28

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5.5Pressuredropinreactors

5.5.1PressureDropandtheRateLaw
i

29

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30

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5.5.2FlowThroughaPackedBed

31

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(522)
=f(P)
Steadystate
S d
massflowratem(kg/s)
m0

32

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33

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34

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35

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5.5.3PressureDropinPipes

36

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37

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38

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5.5.4AnalyticalSolutionforreactionwith
PressureDrop

39

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40

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41

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42

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43

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44

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5.6 SyuthesizingtheDesignofaChemicalPlant

Profit=ValuesofProducts costofreactants
operatingcost separationcost

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