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Lista 4
dac
a=0
dac
a=
6 0
(ii) k = C
(iii) k = Z2
(iv) k = Z5
CC-Matematic
a2
2x1 x2 + 3 x3 x4 = 0
x1 + 32 x3 x5 = 0
3x1 x2 + 2x3 x4 x5 = 0
Determinati o familie finit
a de vectori care genereaz
a pe V .
Exercitiul 7. Fie V un spatiu vectorial, X V o submultime si x, y V . S
a
se arate c
a dac
a y Sp (X {x}) si y
/ Sp(X), atunci x Sp(X {y}).
Exercitiul 8. Fie V = {f : R R | f continu
a}. Pe V introducem operatiile:
(f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x)
si
( f )(x) = f (x)
x R, f, g V, R. Atunci:
(i) V este un spatiu vectorial peste R;
(ii) Functiile f1 , . . . , fn V , f1 (x) = ex , f2 (x) = e2x , . . ., fn (x) = enx sunt
liniar independente n V , n N \ {0};
(iii) dimR V = .
Exercitiul 9. Determinati o baz
a si dimensiunea urm
atoarelor spatii vectoriale:
(i) U1 = Sp{(2, 1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 3, 7), (0, 1, 6, 13)} R4 .
x 2y + z = 0
4
(ii) U2 = {(x, y, z, t) R | x y z t = 0 }
x 3z 2t = 0
2
Exercitiul 10. Ar
atati c
a polinoamele 1, X 1, (X1)
, . . . , (X1)
formeaz
ao
2!
n!
baz
a a spatiului vectorial al polinoamelor de grad cel mult n peste R. (Indicatie:
utilizati eventual seriile Taylor).
Exercitiul 11. Fie W1 , W2 subspatii vectoriale ale lui R3 , astfel c
a dim W1 <
dim W2 . Ar
atati c
a dac
a W1 W2 6= 0, atunci W1 W2 .
Exercitiul 12. Determinati o baz
a si dimensiunea pentru fiecare dintre spatiile
vectoriale V1 , V2 , V1 V2 , V1 + V2 , unde
(i) V1 = {P R3 [X] | P 00 (0) + 2P 0 (0) + P (0) = 0, P (1) = P (1)},
V2 = {P R3 [X] | P 00 (0) 2P 0 (0) + P (0) = 0, P (1) = P (1)}
CC-Matematic
a2
=0
x 2y + z
4
V2 = {(x, y, z, t) R | x y z t = 0 }
x 3z 2t
=0
Exercitiul 13. Care dintre urm
atoarele functii f : R[X] R[X] sunt morfisme de spatii vectoriale? (argumentati r
aspunsul)
(i) f (P (X)) = P 2 (X)
(ii) f (P (X)) = P (X 2 )
Exercit
iul
1 3
este 1 2
1 0
14.Fie f : R3 R3 morfismul a c
arei matrice n bazele canonice
1
4. Calculati f ((1, 2, 3)).
1
Tema 12
2x
t
x2
2t2 ,
t > 0.
x1 = 4x1 x2 x3
2. x02 = x1 + 2x2 x3
0
x3 = x1 x2 + 2x3
(
x01 = 5x1 3x2 + 2e3t
3.
x02 = x1 + x2 + 5et
1
CC-Matematic
a2
Exercitiul 6. Aflati, pentru fiecare dintre sistemele de mai jos, solutia care
verific
a conditiile date:
x1 = 3x1 x2 + x3
0
1. x2 = x1 + x2 + x3 , x1 (0) = x2 (0) = x3 (0) = 2
0
x3 = 4x1 x2 + 4x3
x1 = x1 + x2
0
2. x2 = x1 + x3 , x1 (0) = 1, x2 (0) = 1, x3 (0) = 0
0
x3 = x1
(
x01 = 4x2 + 5et
, x1 (0) = 5, x2 (0) = 1
3.
x02 = x1 20et
Exercitiul 7. Rezolvati urm
atoarele sisteme P
de ecuatii diferentiale,
aut
and
P c
solutia sub forma unor serii de puteri x1 (t) = n0 an tn , x2 (t) = n0 bn tn :
(
x01 = 6x1 4x2
1.
, x1 (0) = 1, x2 (0) = 1
x02 = 9x1 6x2
(
x01 = 6x1 4x2 + et
2.
, x1 (0) = 7, x2 (0) = 9
x02 = 9x1 6x2
Exercitiul 8. Fie ecuatia diferential
a x00 3x0 + 2x = 2t 1.
1. Ar
atati c
a dac
a not
am x1 = x, x2 = x0 , atunci ecuatia dat
a este echivalent
a cu un sistem de ecuatii diferentiale liniare n necunoscutele x1 , x2 .
2. Rezolvati acest sistem si determinati astfel solutia general
a a ecuatiei
initiale.