A FIRST COURSE IN CONTINUUM MECHANICSThird Edition A FIRST COURSE IN CONTINUUM MECHANICS {for Physical and Biological Engineers and Scientists ee Y. C. Fung peter of pe ns rs ey of Clea, Sn DO PRENTICE HALL, Eaglewoos Clits, New Jersey 07632iy Capen uth Dat Fg Cant "Se soe tne pil ‘eh ir gen RB — dees en ‘i te ad tn (oo tag =| yee Be ‘ar int a ‘jr or De ‘Sy eae ‘de om | a pet i we i ee Nop kta ‘Stuy ees ‘Se on es inne Ui it Amen SON 0-12-0b1824-2 coon 15" 0-33-ObD524-2 a anne) ae and Frost ray te re a aco ———_- edited 10 students who would share my enthusiasm for the application of mechanics,Contents Prec tothe Tin ation sat reac tothe Fist Eton w 1 Iraduetion 1 in a 3 1“ 15 16 uw 1“ fe 10 1a “Toe cbjeivothiscome—t pats tance and ehngy 2 Wins medasiat 2 ‘npee ofa cotimun: Te dao detstion 2 ‘ou den of cium 3 “Toco of ess orden of otis 4 art yo coin S ‘whi cota metas abot? 6 sive of consiuum mis 7 ‘avi example of ery coin depen 0 Aaa ect imoled aa seni oisy 7 lenny opi tough wish bse easedamare 2 Vectors and Tensors 1” au 2 23 a 25 2 uy a 29 io 3 skew, a 32 3 34 35 36 a Yeros 39 Vesorequtoas resummation convention 44 Tran ed oan of order 9 Conrat tanto in gee ‘Aral defo of wal, ens, sd Cesin teers 58 “Thesipitone of esr equations Notts for veo and eons Boiron? 8 ‘Quota se Pal dees 6 eid ofsree 6 Telewsatmotin 66 Cautysormle6 gs of eiriom 72 Chane of ss component ntansornaton of voor Ses eomposensin oop cals corsnses 1% Stes toanday cutee. 78 4 aiplSueses and Principal Aes e a 2 a ory 45 a6 a Inintucine 8 Reeaiectace © ice for pe ses SD Mak? ie frie iene ess 94 Plucpd sree 9h Stewigaveses 57 Stemdiston tee 99 ames eps 10 5 Anat Doman 12 su 32 53 5a 55 56 a Detation 12 Bes 15 incompetent pees 117 Geonete eretton inners cana, 1 Tete omtbe 121 ee 8 Fini stain Gppnens 12. Pn ei Mab le 16 7 Conte Euntions oman ‘5 tf sin omponen ie polar cordate 125 ‘SO Diet drt of te sai dsplacenet eosin pol coords 18 a0 Ofbersis menses 151 6 Veacy Fis andCompatityCondtions 45 61 Vly els 15 62 Tee eompbiy comfon M6 3. Comput of rin components ia hee dimenioas 18 cy 11 Speen a he prope of mats 154 12 Theonvicom Od 15 13 Newtonian oid 156 14 Hooks cased 157 DS) et of tempersue 161 11 Nati wih oe complet mecha bette 16, 8 story 165 1 Tecoma ofmatriliosropy 165 82. lowopctsoe 15 83 fesepc ten af e310 Ba oop tenors atvank #170 Sleepers 172 RG Comoe of pind esses aneurin 172 £7) Oermethtofchsceringboopy 17 S25 Can ne cops» mas roy fom tie seca? TS Mechanics Poperies of Rl Fs and Sos 181 91 Fike 18 32 Viewty 18 3 Pity of mets 186 3A Mate wit tear cstisty SS) None ses rtp of rabier nd lage time 1 96 Lina vel bis 193 $7 Onnncn yoy follies 157 58 NowNewonis is 201 49. Vicoplase era 12 0 Solel tmdonmuion and tcopy 2” " 8 Dern of Fld Esations 101 Grmsteowa 209 102 Mut descipin ofthe otn of scninusm 212 103. Sptaldocipton of he motos ofacoeiowan 214 108 ‘ThermsterilGertve ofa hme ig 2S 105 Theeqeoe of omtaty 217 106 Theegasoesofmoton 218 107 Mamest of memestim 219 108 Thetabone ofeeny 220 109 The egos of ton a omni a pole ccordites 28 Feld Equations and Boundary Coons Fd Mthanis MLL TeNaver Stokes eguins 21 112 Bowndary onion st ob8i ee 29 1L3.Swis tase nd he unary condos 2 nine terwee roe 5 114 Dynami ia and Repos amber 238 1S. Lamia flo in agonal neo abe 200 WG Bownlary ger et LT Lamina ovale ovr fa pate 247 18 Nena fad 113. Vowty snd elon 281 1100 trea ow 253 Lit Conese nwo ucs 24 12 Sons ant spe ow 257 1113 Apion agy 28 ‘Soma Simpl Problems in tty 121. Bat eqs oes for homngaeons, bowie hoses 70 122 Phe dec enes_ 272 123 Siplaom 76 124 Tonio of cerns shat 716 25 Beane 278 126 Bhmecacke 281 ‘Stes, Sti, and Ate Remodting of Stctres 1841 lavodusion 285 132 How to cove te motes ste fae in i hey 28 amare at 33 as Bs as 1 Be Index Renodsing te eros teof astute: bales Cece eodeing db chang sess 28 hans lst ness wi omprate tert “teen: teresa 30 Moro and stra ending of ond ves du 0 febange ood peste 3 Remmlg of metal properties 2 « Sta aus wih be aero ste hen io sunt Sresegrowh lant 2Preface to the Third Edition -ebjc thio steams oft er eft: Too Beit ano aca, es Yee ako Dee the fran nn cao wes enn ace meng mE et ing i nT a i or Dig, mains mae egy Tc oa ono wa ent eel Soci © a ecg, Mc sit NS ln Sin th xe fre sos, nN ie ae om or. tne aon mem cea Th wees tur tt rang pen lk Of ta ns ee one tt ey ee cnte was fn sa ts on at zone ob tn hak sti ce nn hE te Wt cap leno Tt sep et ng earn cj fit ok Ee ds om. Ni ioe te ot ch mans tn och atmo ts na The pt ie emnag be pac tes en ST se en mgs m0 pen, eC era rT inp arp fy ‘rn tm Cher Tie mse ei ca cd i en Cpe De omen Ht PoPc othe Tie aon chr ea Che td 12, sone est soe as ote omit nt ny ay, oy, i ot ie we ee TC tpn ie tnt nt eh ace gow ed osog ol meas ome wa mame he Crop ith se mt he itn boas : ao ts semi ae ee Ste ath se tye any st atte bg Fi ner ps re bet, marae seta Seip hot wm So Ainge fli ed hut eck “ ona men ton ein, Mat te ples maa, ples fr esl feos meni. Af, peal) Chapt nd 1 ae eat one ari ag be rma ee a te 1 os ee st ee lin cuts oe boo ve au en nig se engineering peoblems, I shall be very happy. : a 1.6 Fig aol Esa Preface to the First Edition he sen Ath ap eno ea ans ees ol cm can ele iene Ao lacs HS ten rvs oon ter Sac cr an ae tes cs wa eS an er ra ene sc sol ns at a nae eg at ys vio we consi Sesh a ay aan ft pc Bont oh of cash he ao, Tze, te weal Be et {te spans on posible ein ore, impart ashe ma Eid es oa Stee te poten! How halt i eg tt od enya lon tema hos at wll o deny einpeeyhptiens Hon Se, odategt ptt Whee ght eos ee? How ma ns sn anemone ie? Ara ca Tho es a gn megs eu Wk seme oh onl bodies of stk, Comoe rod toga, ns nk, fen kth Te a ms epi wether beans egos ml 2 a ante anes mn tet or ‘aod acd ener eae ib aang PON nn oat ey esr te man SE kt ota eee es nd ebtite ses T~ Pratace to te First Eton told be eosupe oobene mtr no hin prensa egnesig te ote th fin eyo writedowns ose lpversig os nd unary son. Thi“ ep deri he bat ven 0 ane ith sbe a hs bok. aati sale fr af ne be ono mh hs roo. Ba the apron regue fo king is fp evemve Fo sch ep tobe mone wold are fo edetand the ene copts sean hk moi eres Tobe al hese bur egasns wih cece ne must Ew hi ogi al hei ton. Tefore he dina ts es mot be rng. Is os ‘eo tint the rate cape of tisboak arate compen a tae. "A for be orion athe bak: AL he ease, th corey fois ‘espn. Then bors etme of te seeps of res an sta ls, ‘he pata eis ef eterna the piel ses and tm and te const empity, ae pen empisia wo eptat chapes The cp ‘ne of mine emir In Chap, a eld station of Bis soe rene. The importa nat of oy tebe i etal (Chaperone eal prope f cmon sis pen ‘a Chplr 9 In Chpe I, hragh etme ofthe oso as ‘i pis pen, Reig with Caper, ome fests of pos Di, ‘ou fe, bundy er tery, Inari thay of east, brs of ‘nig and non ad la woves ae eed ly. Theat wo cates ‘rove ping ate el offs and sad meta out he openly vn rouie many ses ts moe seed meena Jee The amotio es er stl pte he set enter hese eis ‘ih peter cae Tithe der oun dear as sou theses, tin, and cone ‘ptf histo, wld conser inode tet aces Beyond th ony a th of sme cal ocns sproved. Many dase: ae ‘ens he exer, lich shoul te eared an integral prt ote have gute fegany an towed healy fom ay revs boo, Founders of Sod esha, ich em be wet foe» ee flowing he eet ne. The srl far hs“ couse™ was rig fry das he User of Calo, San Dig, wee te exces eas on (perl lec elie Sela, The oo Sl be fl for ender Tatra youni gd sen who ve eum backgroud is ais ad cs. ‘Themmagt bok stapes xprne My ls, Lana, compere hough te tk, A the, heave up be eating ees whet tan 0 La Jl, Wing oan soe means, se waked oh he man pt ey thre Many sas aed: ec fe dearaton at ‘he dé ot dered. My end, Chi Sha Yi, Tiosbenko Pees te ‘Universty of Mite, read hogs the mans nde me many able comment, Tam ako pelo Ds. Pin Tong of the Masaccts siete of ‘Tectoogy sb Gaon Wegener of he Unesty of Calf, Sn Digs, fer ites Fit on yah Nea Ree one prinn e s. ing and cher good usar tet comme ny, ih 0 reel re en ee wrk pln. ¥.C ag Tl CalfoiaA FIRST COURSE IN CONTINUUM MECHANICS4 wmropuction we the ion of oi fr ead ei prac le Ta als bough wi ba sof mecha ere “U1 THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS COURSE ‘om abject ers hw o oot poms a oan lo Ow hii om daria pee mens stent 6 reo tof questi, aig, ing, x faving ik ‘eng an ee. rei ace gees, Spy a plane ying sv a The wine rn nr ore ae ng, ae a jel ta Hyon wee ag et nd tad su he a en wld a te cs i. Dee os lu rent re he wags et seg? Ata yo et Colt io te oat Ss or tennis le How dos oe ds Gav conta he conde eet hata, hd i Ti th roast Ad wv ten fa hee nell? ‘el th ee presto teat tampon he ee? ee aloes ae the ac? Ho scot Vesna xp What at ah gi, wwe ow cnt Aa shove Hod we te! Wa ae cag wr 0 yo ei nd sad ot Fn he quo re cnet, an, fw et ae papers mate, exes rain tes of dost a ono pt on) 208 wate ft nd RE ita iro prety, rey tee, Tse a ef tn finan emis eee sa ony cos, ying hese Sect fm ik wl Wh Me lane2 Ioeeusion Cap. 1 ptt sole te ret euatons nd trandary cations. Alok i woud te seo ae tae eqs once hey ae formule, esl 90 teoome ined ia ding er sues inde Oar objet oman: tie tl fun of ger seas oa mater form, 112 APPLICATIONS TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY “The rathenatal api ke in hs ook wl be aed ving cee td echcogy Twt thepeatinw be prea the seat; nce, the ‘amples ad th ble be soled ae ae aed in tems of wei ‘cee or engi ei, A pean ame of mind wih gr to esi Sc venting ng dvs, metiod, eos, and experinentcan be eng edt omit rosy fing abt 13 WHAT is MecHawes? Meck isth soy fh ein gels) of mate he xc hat ‘aoe rach motion lo), Mechanised on he oes of tine, (pee fs coe and mater, A Kael of mechan sexed forte hy ofl mee ef sc, chest nny, ad ene, 14 A PROTOTYPE OF A CONTINUUNE THE CLASSICAL, ‘he casio cnspt of cota i evel fom mathe, Wey he thee nomber on enum. Betoen ay two dict eal ube thee sao dt lumber, anthro, He ein my a mc tose ny i el amber nite, e fel th ne can Derepeente yee mse fad tl» ho dimensional pace can ‘e topented y fee el amber ges, 2 Ts we Mey Bean ‘Soc tape aor Sicasoa cnt. sending te con of coninaam 1 sta, ne peak of coninoos isibaton of water in space. Ths my bets sted by cringe Concept of ey Let te sno of ater be mead yi mas an ‘Smt cea espera ein pce Ya 8 11. Lt Seat Pin Toad a WM PEM ENB OH tie lume oY Ya the mas oe ter oie in. be We fem he et MV, The te ito MV exis as = a Va, ie se. 15 Our Deion of Conn Q ge LL Asem i ‘ome Sting ie send tt dao ma bo te po Pa ‘seats by Ph: t= tn ay the dest wl ted ever a Yt sisi tbe oni desc eo te ety omens a of alent mel Wh deny of cet eat, Te ena en a. cn ai on, Howes wi si tn wee ai, a sooth dine). Free Se sms onmn e a A 0 ss un bros nit. N ie el cr a ett ea ea gr a el se tocol agente cen 15 OUR DEFPHTION OF A CONTINUUI ht dg tea os conn yt Be cps eal ingen cepa tiene rnin es gad hes ae oat eh mrt ee he cee cep ey oe a comet P en eects aT we Com yeh ec alee‘ Inroon chat B.A the it of Vs aso fn pave b wLet the mas of tematic in, be Me The oes the tos MLV sid hve li pith an pa vr ‘n> The quay isthe id be th day fhe teal Pi | ‘Sepals fig ia ele ‘We define te mnestam ote mate ass ar ani vlan nd he cy per ot une sna, ech asneted whale ratty sed ning ume, Late (ee Sx.) shal de we fre ang on 2 are fe mata bod, td ode een fo comer ocr eit foes per unr ex any in omer than cep ay ‘nadeinng mt ea it dos eat te te Lt seed te ron os, ‘the steely of watons in ey ocean of th ste cle ‘hese Farho. Chap Sesh te chang apache ties ad defi the oain ur. The eta of rin component vl fe ‘soled witha crab aby od defining a eng 1, wi clear vdestaning of pe vais nd fig sit eg res, and voles the deny, omentum, ey, re, ad ala ‘ae find tee pit inthe spa el hy ae atts ataxia ny hen we tt th mail in Yocom, Tamils oto nt diel sm, then in contin ‘nore, Fr asa contnoum tease visa th define lit eg, sea, and alae ae In te boas on cota mechan, te stor say a py hat 0 ‘ke whet cota mean ec lel ‘tes forthe experiments in each pie oie Lay ned lee) ‘aperineaeows Ba th cel hoy es tape be spon ty ofthe thorst elie he ary fo be el wal Os appennes many fll often sd ology the mcd topes cea vais sn dong dimes te pe we py. 16 THE CONCEPT OF STRESS Iv OUR DEFITION OF AconTINUUIE Cones mati B oping spl eion V (1.2). tai» cle ‘uric § win B, dente th rason btw teeter cui 3 ‘tht inte ini, Let bea sls emt on Let, em, 1 poi on 86, nt ear v ora oS, with dens pointing outed frm he noe of 5. The we can digi te twos of 3 caring the Gestion fv. Le tee whch th neal stor posts be ee este se, Coie the us of mate jig ome pie ie Th prt ‘ara foe AF onthe oer pit, hi selon be eae side he Se 17 Ars Copy of sl anu 5 af gto 2 Sie, oral Ts ce APG on hatin adie mead th fou be noxmdl Wo nthe npn ta A nd i Mtbomed acento AVS tos de PS ho al ‘eral and de moe of frag er AS lt oP iin er onsen of ol bu Bose ee th on pb ‘ry. Th ig ie wien « o tr te eit isin ode he eto of te mma va Mette The ising etal te so, cre sree ad ‘rns th spr ont ren cig on hse “The eo at tr ln con ny iain ced sare: ine Incite cima aes tr leon th teal ‘oop ro in eqapdeat he of heer tal on iia pcp of Eorand Cay We mt hs pac an io tower Sno nn espn, rex, ere Boe rr Jou wo tb teri of he mtr he to is fe sae ‘ibe 6 ou be momenta me pol nod ti he etic {hea tha he monet he fer acing oo be ace 8 aboot pt ‘Shinto ae rn te nt be pone! sera he Sos ne Ero Cay ony, oa yal te met ina Sa de mi el go tr ep 9 “facade Te eigen es 1 or cope an he ested ay, Sm pan tartor fd te opes eayee,We Sal t bat Birt i “17 ABSTRACT COPY OF AREAL CONTRUNS ‘nc itis seth teri body cn be reed conus, oe mle an abit apy othe reel mata acorng tthe elton ‘Tessa egy bomopic i eel mmber sem: ian zation‘ Imvoson Osp.1 fhe eal materi. The nsf flows The mas eit fhe Head stn he ane oth eons inthe ange of ein. Whe eeSP os apllobot tbe e mtrial ashe tc copy, i es {Suanafie opens re hans expt theca of ie eed ‘omens be credo, heres that ofthe el teil wold ne ‘lao oath oer Dod of es ad assay tat ust be nt Th cue eqn he el mate wed eb the ‘Shur popes ofthe eae op. Therel sem als th egies ‘Titus sul, conanty abel: fener theism rab en oun can eee ten 2 Ura ilo es cee the abet spy exit and can be Darowe. The Knows, axa ‘Shy so fig Smear iallon sto rit the ferences (Hates mel od tb to ed ew ow ometing sou th a “Te cote eto of matt py ofa el eter in in ange foes uy lr fromthe coasts egon a sate ap tte ‘SRE ta a ict ng of aes Ite asta eqns of ie el ‘Shera a he sme comet ngs of ss, te te ata py hs recat canon in te tal ane te cotiane equations he (Ei Sale ferent nse mgs fx, thn he tt copie ‘Reet ngs fis bv dire cosiae eqns, Tas ined ‘Shes fo em, eae allows w renga leet oss ‘en ej diferent mesons of sent, fo sk leat uss ‘Tat ec of, and on 9 se anes of whale “Fe sy of festa guna dierent nein of cb oto ti ele th nary diy of th tte of Tie tel ian. Te soc of tril may be rca Pe Seer msi rene si ort ay ot be cal For campe, tideotl pater fhe vay ofthe ng, Gom he get bon te (Be enc tal instar, 0 he bo in ts rags ae ‘Shtcayce obey te conte oui, The rua puters of {Branca dct Go th eptory oachie oh aed a, anche free, een constisie eto expected ol in i ng. ‘Fe ynomnyareokte eso waar oat atl ether athe gett cn exit ssa oa Hens, her chan OPES ed ene eet destpos. 1.8 WaT is conTINUUM MECHANICS ABOUT? ‘We sal cl conta ecu sd uric boy, The sure al te he sin of man or fhe sel of nals att may bo Be vised en tc oS, Reco ute bcs me abet w fs ating on hi Bodie (rua grin and shtomapetefores) nd oesaing ties re 110 Algo Epi of racy of eta 7 (cha amos, wi sn ain, buds ocd a nso (een alec ramae pl) th body continua inte ese deeb aera clon ten we nou wa fo kaw bow the mater i the Th Gwar fre The teria ft trl btn of repo ext fas win condneun mechanics abut {18 AKON OF CONTHWUUM NECHANICS “Te so of pyc ae taken tains of ott mec. I a Fea ce ons nw of mation he Sit sn cand ews of ht ‘eye in hs tok “Ta tee aon ams of caaaon means, Fes, amas outs roi contenu et of ore. Hee, parties ate Spor tne tie rman ner atl tines, Wed ow bas hte eka thy ns et) bt he suas frat ms titiptac soy ceed xr vhs ring bos, ne alow ex owt teeta or exctair me incre, nw cls mia in an ea of (Gly or ptr rom esting ey dive) and eso cl enue mas ec cota ou of an are te body ols eget sateen wd my Soo absorbed a ue ac vy Sedo raed el crates esr inthe bo. “hess tm ofonnuun moans ses, deve in Sex 16 anda eben Chap 5 can be defied very i th re dso cowtnnum sn athe es a pit etd 0 ‘Den od he ato eng of ti wi pet time a he ae pot, ‘Reso a rat sling emp. Karts tat he ses ay pit Tas euy depends ny on te deformation ine ined xgoined of utbin THE seston uy be nflucaced ty ther pret, tata tempt, ete ne, See amps, bt endear x be se spr. “30 A BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLE OF A HERARGHY OF CONTINUA ‘DEFENDING ON THE SIZE OFTHE OBJECT ROVOLVED IA SOIENTIRG ROURY Weare aia with epi ins athe ty ad mixopcvews fc, ToS con erami: Asks aber chmg, he ob spears ‘Steaua ample th man ang. Figure 13 sows tb me my Stes be ceepovl af ie wes: ava es, ab areal we, and 2 ‘etre These te ifo versie, The traces a ed in rom TT ae ang and us repeat (hice, 2 es, satiny TeSys and serbian aly nto eset i aie poy scl tame yhryaph Chums ane, asee81 Inwseion chp 2 rt beemmnet meee Se Suet Beker te cere Seale ce noe cioreccie Sooeiinicoaaes aaa ine mioscope. Te poto overs 2 alae win heise on he et draft etmos caving Fi. The wall avec se apy ‘oo vss. Every wal feck aol ext on th ies The lmoary wiry oes sin a spilt esos pay lod "ese ht ie he heal wal Ts vase egw te expla the abel wal. The es comer reertey al they bone plone) ‘ei, ch ner the eau of he art. Th i ton of he ng tks latin the ho. Teveoms lod aes pong fm the nthe sea fndreeescaten hore the aarp The exces pl es thehol al. Fae 15 sbows 2 mcg ofthe enw ened i ‘al ice on th fel order oF. 14 ge 1. shows te clan fies inte aol vals The clagn fr ere ined wi se and spent ot ‘kbs. The cg es ar ome ye. ls re formed by ‘olga moka. Oe coed on‘ saalr herr canst mca, ons, sd nd gus, ‘epenng on wit propery ofthe lng we wiht inept, we may ome the ug cnt asus heres, Fo exile intrested in cmparig te sire in tine wper pt fe hasan ig fom that nthe Fove art hea the ial ae en be coer ininitesinal an ase peak deomstonsveragd ort vlsn tne Inge cnr with the volume fl she, bt sal canard wi he bong. Such an pprsintn woul sro instadgintracion if ¥ i iz { i 8pee SA maui of sven mall ‘Seon oar Ll seg y od vac ‘Si wl iscaed teehee ge nee then nd te cu al be bution of plows sur, oto tation of eatin th hn ng (bce ela el ten Jars, wih oprah sai), Fr hes poles, rary ih {minimum inetsn oa he reo em wl tic Oa te te and, one Sintered inthe led win the epson atte the Bond an ‘Sete a Homopesomhi ohe ad elvan een | ‘canes, i rina dines fre deen ore sd io {he odo 10. or eres insta fate son» sgl ale al (eth ple ron he x of 100 ya an kes of tot 10g then een he india align and clan es in the wlan be ‘gored, athe wall ust te ose compost uc mae of ee leet mae an eoastaced ina pecilway. What ind of werge ‘se depend on wt th pure of ones evetiena Eng, bag, ‘an pipes omer aot thse oon. We ben th casi ot ‘im men thi Sreron t make wel fr desing th prc robes, 0149 Allg amp fe ray of ares gre 16 Co lesion aa wl tae Topline tngansny pes a po pat ins Seeger piano er te Hc ‘Meco ets Lage aoa fem we Fo Sai, oR ead fe, Hy Call mE ee Hi Rin Aer Nad Poss 6 nn Rep perm.* lovin chip “La ELEMENTARY TOPICS THROUGH WHICH BASIC DEAS EVOLVED At aninrotuon oe of te boo, et rsd ome sent ois thts spe and land at eben andanenl ithe isey of ea Ss There cee Novis of wo, he equim of equi, he we of feetnly dpa he asso ts a bam, a Me, 2p ad ‘hel tod te cel ea ery I you se fan wh es eps, yous (poverthem qt some peat yoo, Tea sure you a using Tem oud nt bes wast a our ae Newton's Laws of Motion ‘Nevo’ lar are sted with pet o mate puis in tree dices spe it obeys Ean pct. A material aie a wie, poe ear, the mis fhe are. The loan ofthe pale a be bod ‘hep ta restr Cars fae of elt I med ht Fr rane of eee xs, ih spe fo mich ie Nevin euatons ff moto ae i be ws hat ay fae of eee orig wh & ‘oom voy wih ragect oan til Fame i pin etl. Coase ¢ parce of mam. Lt he pation, vey, and celeron a hs pari be ened y the ects, snd pete, al eed ina etl ae of ‘alee By fli, a le ed ea an {Let be he oa foe ang nthe pl, IF = 0 tea Newt's fon sae it = coat un) HR 0 ten Nevo’ ered iy tts that 4 Sow =F, oc B= na. oars) ‘When By (1-3 ste B+ (ms) =0, cums peas a cut of eusom of 90 fret, The tom —rm i a ‘heel free. Bao (L114 sate tht he sum af teeta fre ing m3 prs he il foe aes; he intl fe Dans the ‘sural fe. Te Nevin equation of mdon stad ints ways ed Didier price Now, couse sem of putes ta inet wth each exh vey rice inns bya teeter puis a he sytem. Let annex Feo xc 1 Sonat Tee ough Which Baws Ere 2 re ety at fi istrict pt a eB atl pre on rie Te Net’ ed irae Boe y Bet Hee aus) 0, (fn eam) i genet iE, (L.-) 1 eng Eta ne tn Tere tho he Le ea heya nh ‘a fe ie es rT +3 ong nor ‘pe cqusn fmf eM re, elo, Sameer Tekh Cae ach yore i deed han aon. Te tally of Kent soca ont se a ee et one oe etic nS kno toe of te aril roger of eerie ns re! cone ton fe mare one ‘Equilibrium ‘gc tn it elbows am feist seen ‘eution (- fs we Sano G2 h%W. cus) soi i 1 ei Seshinee ons) tn the lst sa, wearer By apps spp a; they aw W 20, ea ie obs, 3). Tre, E. (111) rast Sapo, (amg) ‘hin fora dy in orion, sumo of al etre ore a om tbe bad 20,“ lnvoictin chp ¢ Na conte ey of do tt al ed tap ans cel ony fre hen he monn a ae oa 0 thd o cae body tte son O is prey ere bees er fom 0 ty tent in on ah fice Finger pause with (LIS) 4, with ey am ol at oni tig = 1,2, Kage el gst, ng et "om an ng (5) py pn a, ne eal Saxrt=o. arn Tee che athe poi is wits Hes, we bin he ead cmon of qin ofthe dy Th atin of eon of el he ema free ing on he Bd ae ay pos. Use of Fre ody Diagram a the Analysis of Probl ‘The wad boi pase of pat ue in te revs toa te tet in the ost gurl way swan in eqn, ee pt otis am By pape si pub idea) infrmaon can he obtaies. Teis etd ise a sues exloron a seated egy Hoy. With imgnd sections, wecat Ee etn par fhe ‘edn xin the conto o eisiam.A ig of the part wh a he xr foes cig 0 isle inset led fe by ago, The Inet wea iret led fb) met. mpl I. Ant of Tras ‘Truss fame structs omy sen in es, bug, incor simak, TV toes, rao ions stema, pet 17) sows 2 ‘pie so small aay bee eis ae of tel mene, ea nie together. The jn a, B-myb seed pa on, ming tt the members are ined ntti pin nd ae ie ae ene ach ote. The we sissy oppor” athe ends and, wich anchor he os impos oo moment on teas. The spr tee le 59 ‘tthe econ eo fom the fondion clint, ‘Trees ate mae ih sender mene. The wih ofthe meme sal cmpaed wi he oar the re Hens fis open, ‘ve my igre the weighs of the mente. Sin ach member in ja nd cose welts, the codon cf ulvian of he member requis hate pio forsee te gt mut be el and oposte: Hence, ech member cn nm ore cay logis as Te tet be odd witha neh Wa the tr it 9) We wos ke to othe oad sing in aoe meme othe rs. ‘e131 lena Tops through Which dase sed 6 pee 7 Asapappd, a4 emer ine eine Wi Namen of es, 4 (Ge ante Ie Seni). (Fo / ‘Sones = he {tn cogreThe ror tangs on membes be ef SX ttn eto ‘Scpunt ee ent e ‘lat mae senor Let ws ft compu he eso he vo supe. Conse te whole tus a fe ody, sj tres eer os W, Rad Ry {rT anes of qe (0) Samson of eel os 0 WHR Re () Summon of moments abut the pit aise: WL Ry sl =O Tae sltons Ry = Re = WI. "ert evi ok be eson in te members ab nda Fripp, cot hh a anda wi an iagitary ple and conser he orton oe (Sorte toy ae ig (0), Atte eu sexed nd ete a Inthe membe ah Th tein cs a cate a. Abe apport WW vs (erent compte). Now, sing al the fre the ‘ea denn, nd tig F dene the mage of, we 0 ® Te rasne Sine 0 = 4, oa © ~ V2, and we ota Fa = —WIVE. Summing sl the fore nb rst ton yi. ai os WZ Lee fee ,,) eenerar etn cong theo inthe en of nde Wes at suo ts Mr ek pont ey {toy 110) Tanne, ee een he nbs oft I cee: ys he eal Al he nro Teed) me do fig 10 heen oes ge? (Ca) Fee (Sap ota pr fees ‘atta ag spate tic a (0) Samson of al brant frst gt Ht Be 1) Seaman of al yer oss ¥ Beyet (6 Sum of moment shot pit eva: ¥, Bane yh +0Fe + OF =0 (4 Somof moet soa he pit ais ®, Ban ret=a Hace, rom conics 3, we obtain Fe = —W; om otn 4, we obi eT ee Bem yon ah! Baie - ‘re = 5; om contin 2. bin Vs = Wan, Gey, om coon Fe Me eM. A ir cdton i ede het mente ters gan be pened asin i 1.1). Sie thloein every meer spon owe may exes tol ch mend iwi of W sd SPafenan Feri rs d,s inporaat to kow wher «meta ‘eiicled eas compen, (Aro pd attends is tsjot oan, pall ath eas stb je on) The errant in noire thine. AT i oy le linge membern compo maya sti ce ata es FF Vo Hy he pceing eqn ‘et cnr of he woos we wn he tay digas SE ntenioe ceo uae f thesis nach Meme on uae W Werte il reitin 1.710), with cometion ae nner ttn we gi eo pon gf heb 8 ar wget de ei The, 7), wee ha te core sr, th nb, ere in asa a te teeter income. ample 2. A Sap Soprted er ih beam asim tat fits tll by edi Fg 14) At pl team i men src th rss ns i ra Rcte wren bets ress ead eso open a bebe eth casinouly dite tense an com ca liebe sows in ig 199) ae parted on ins that do ot ret manent The ace export bio 2, mane hs beam reo the enteral ad. Fr hs pap, tw he thai ln pependesrthbeam ta Stace fo st ae 1A(0) Comer eebody Sram ef prion of te ee on L(A ect aie, tae ac bea fs” athe nail eH perpen te a nd» de ca eng moment te Da The ons oe ae (4) Som of a oes ite brn ton vss: Hea (a) Som fl fos iath eialeeson ais © 7 (Sum ot te moat of al fos about thee pr visi: -(® Inccon chap. “Ts in costa tne rm the ef ed esses the Beas Cnvoyuplat taba fore S = 2 sda mat = Wa ‘hr the moment acy, shovels 19) Sah agai s bendg momar digo os beast ape i, Kaoving be tenn momen, we en mp he eae cag na beam. ee Es (I~ 31) aa Beams oe peer deed ot te bso the momen bering ‘amen ae et ample Sree Blok ‘Cone sk of slit mtr compresil by ad W sing 08 cd, | ‘howe in Bg 19), Te ok sa ecm prlped. We ws oko thes the Bk. Tt un aume that af dace stony fr aay fom he en, he sue arm he Bc, everest, Lets eet to ‘etna Carsin cont, 2, 8 sown in the igre, with the zis alte as othe oc. La pos en imagary ae» O troup th Hak and conifer te fosbay aga of he wpe a ofthe Bc, i 19(), The tenes sing be sus # = Ost hae a et re sod ‘emt moment Apia the don of quo a fore, we fd et ‘rsh he ronal open ofthe et fe vane ha che ete See 141 em Top tough Whe Ba eed ® ‘compat ofthe akan oe W, dt he ent moment 20. (trun, rey the es ag ple =~ Oia compres, normal stot magn o aay ‘ner A sth orl nse sea fhe Hoek (ct by he ple x = 0 rma toe ase the le). The tons compres eas he atrial Compe tt eton somal cue isa fo (e its)” ssradton hap ependsar(srm) othe sure x= 0. Weta the compresive are Te aes by gig nee va, "Ne ane sa ith pt iad at neg tte 2 lee The simple wy to expres the eviction of leo ely te Soma! eco the ple, Let ee an nora vet (wat eat foe ‘ened pl, an be sot eco inthe deton ee eas; ent = u(r 2)» cv Coie te wpe lf he oka ee dy, shown in ig. 19) The alan of forsee lhe eat rc aig on th lane» (plane whos nt roma estar) is acy equ to “Ths ‘est a ered ino to compos, xe nr don age Seti ai 15) Le ee npn Fe 138 =Wous, 5 -Waine cana ‘The crosetnlaea ofthe bk et yh pene wis Ala 6 bee A the somal ssa ax. iidig Nas Sy the ef the uo wich they act and denoting th ress yo al, We otan. Ge eat OWA, =~ singooewiA. QL) ‘Te te wml sar nes, pee, ing on hain ‘ie We pe te pra ses 5 spe vat ne a ea ‘ony so I dW red a e's pl, he tl sho so pe» te pele pa Wey at te tt ese ein nde tt by sg, se ‘eer vale 7 rm “he eanenon ft ese era in 3 ‘Therm en he ee on aye ale pt then safimion webinar how p19) Mees a wie arses aus ie 8 {Sita bein eee = 1 The yl enn a i an iat he ae 0 zane aad he hai patie ey Sinden te ron he a hs ee thm ten 3 ‘er (amine i vest). ge ae, ve ‘rycen Toes wegen, {mn othe on sig cal ote pac» (oto eed ial dice). Aquinas tesa Tha emp i tare empty, inte nero Sen of Ui (1 Ut eb oi oo te sewn (an at of gh mt (a). Ths be sao se ‘eo me nce mopar mf Paral. We se {ith nhs sae sy fe ip ‘Aloe decal of ay oe. He Spe = 10> nwo, ann me cen ts e111 may Toe ough ic Ba as Evo 1 log (gf) = 98066 penton 1 pound oe = 44825 news 1 pond mat eorupis= 0453 57g, 1 pond per ger ie (ps) 6354757 1 dy = 0:10 af 1 aggre = 10125 1a? 1m Hy at °C 133.52 le? 1 Tem HO a C= 580608 ot 1 swt = 0 Ps 1013256 a “te anos of res hs posi ve, you have lass and small lots ef the same merle th ge oes a ke ape (sma ones ea take erode othe sm cia ae tes, Hen, agen okt ese. angle 4 Sees Plate ‘cs ring ind on ln tl ie actos) bod Ce Ors stoke ae ea tricia ngentecap atte SAFE 00 eee et eminoee Seeders io es oes =) eo Sr Tact pot nf 0, een se eta tetcotete =a dno faye vbeccy seins ele ent we efcrscser= ate ce Fomine ace wena ba he ot ta eu ol gl th ate to Fe, 1100), 8 oe ee eee ger Se i cane ip tor a occ) = A, ce apnea "sae i and ec teh Dhayah =, tee ete cc tn) ie Biceee pemncen eran atte SEES ens ope ete 1 no 8) en ae Se tc nnesaeee sh ai HIM THT T - Fh we TMT : Tei ee nunc ieee a bic Seow pas thor mr fe oe a 8 pe alte na vane tee ‘sain te ee econ of pat Ite ir od {rte econ hn he bate rng Prd. ng ce eto nde tea obispo, wep the uletht fe itinderofte te deer the plan on nih he se c,h hed inde dees the eon white foe et Ts, he nl racer te mented the eat ‘Bump 3 became even cer ee preset exe, zap 5. A Presi Spr Shl ‘Te wal ofa ated talon sows.) iin ton. We would ke to ow the tale sos a he wall For tis pro nlf te ‘pire wih 2 dant plas sad cdr he ompereae oy,a shown nig LI) Lt te ae af he hl te ot ai be raed he hes ef be wal be = ~The rl ree pat 08 "Se ioe al Theres rere oa on emg rp The exalt al of hse ont wala th slain of A mt {vat a eer oewalton (Chop. 1, eS), bt tex cle the ‘erage lee ses inthe wall Lt (be the ee noe ses sig on ‘sacs anal 1th mal ping trough he center of the spr). The ‘se ofthe wall te deta pre 7) 9. The eat eae ove ‘i011 Sener Tol tough io Ba ss Ea a ee @ ® ditconpnd nthe (ch Thane oft fresnel eqs, a= Ao) = en aang ang “hiss om inert ati oo ita proms pa one ae sel, in 1.12 ig soma tari al abe pe OTe Ite se bel ot anne ad ne po, ade mal aunhe pei very thi tea = = tho oan vamp 6 Prev Cher Cynical Tanks Coase ll shel bjt anita psp as svn in 1) tapas ops pope tfc ete Seto ips ether ple gs thf cde oct oe ino toes nd athe mcr ing fsb shen nF IRQ) Te se aig on ral nt CD noma oi ie an Sic nthe econo eng pots Vn pk ear as, ils dened yo Asa Bung we cpt know eet be Sein ees ston, bet fo ess eee ae fh St ‘St, thn lid ye ea ~ 1) eb et ne sag a thc eon CD Simao he a nn ee Fe 1150) Bako) There fem go he ee dp. The ls set) Ayes eee Spaentinene recent Ot Segara iarmteieyiecr> Enea aieteese a SSentns se, 111 Bex Top eaugh Whi Ba abd = tetas of sang teeming he vel eto rue od. nb = Boke oes) eae, fe te seam chiatry wel ent fou Iw et to ir by lane pedir css demir te et hal tik afte body, a shown in Fp 1.10), een aie te ‘ren i of heise a oth xi dieton x on cs SE pepe fx, We tte ht these on wo aif — 7. ‘Sate ir te ria oo wih het prestrep acs rote seaieteadeinn ul ow Hens, the al faces inte ia ieton ys arin = (oat aaa o an seh walls very i, sta n= then te tn eine any Sin um ey Comer ie of rn ne Hk wi oi rng mone ee ee fty oP i) We tm i ee ea ek cy mone i ae Seen ne aor ny) Teen tet eee gam seo com SST tem nee eect og fs) eo Ee pa io til i RETA ENS Felon rol a cies rl en be aed 2 ee et ee ety ean omnes ttc ane el ngi)> cals Ab @ C re ign 14 Bending bem Te ein Sein yeas dat eo ee leet ce teint eco A dest Bn a 8) on, Ree alert ete a cn te i oe ‘espn 2 ste) Te eae te ESI tie eu tom Th beng ron al ly nie tc ye See ets cus se pees ‘oni pe on ere sy digas lin tira. Coser tno ering os sts ad te pepe ftp y= O wen the beam ela ‘enh am etn co a he 0 pes Aan B ae deformed ea to in eon ool 0 te ae. Sex a, 1.140] Ta a8 Br pans becuse of emmy. Tha hy are perpendrt the ‘Sh ako esas of Same. Let th ads cava of he (Shintaro When the aor oto and ae ent eae age (i he cial eg RA, wzeas ie at» te above te ‘ara wel Hye nth (R-+ 9). The hang seat i 2. A Sin by xg gh yh tain eek aay tn por the ine here il Be a et We om mab he sv tothe naan compen of es, WEES = ve sen 0. Then ago Hoste’ a, we be = Bea = Bb, fats a= Beg = BE (nay ‘ee 111 lost Tepe oh Ui ons Eset ” ins nly pe ean amen ct onthe ea heat il re cos is TC, 29 [jee ten ign cnt cn en ea ain eos seg Acne ears Sets a [ren avn teas tt gin (y= 0) as te ref cei. Ti wea agen oft ci Ti ell PB? = 9 tae scanning to Fa, (1-25), Mec pie 3 ee anil Srcn. Ts line fre cad the ewe! smo the bam co rc lt bending es abt he - mst ba Semen A fo uA sing 8 a8 demented 8 toate er a monet my be, be bending nse ofa anan seni 11-29 enti sie Ef pua ae ™ ‘Wes det as inal the ren amen fro ro secon td deny [jas ost “Then he eigen msy be ten We geet, wall ee ee cis te apt dtc fo the eal fice tte ee of te cass ta gM) Te tes the hs bending oe he ea. a fe ner bse sented wh thot ce oft sc esa oper lth cesses omc For are teat ethan wh 6, Sawn in ig 114), we Be = ies yc i ety igo ih Tent iy ten away. erodaion opt ‘ee forms i she et sa trainin prima eam ht ered once ng. Cn wwe hen fo sma a jes 2 ere, av ne sh Fi 1157 Orta a wh aie Fe aes tn song he sin te wo ng 2) co fun ena tobe pig gd The seen ht ie ar mat xt inte pn esc decinn wih wl sr cmc wih th drt tc tediag mow Tee age i at pe eto rain pine # very ge, xd Bp (11-2) HER LIEs eane coms ea ue ong the be, f Sita tae” Datton of Beams ‘sed on uth an egies cveratinn, we cn analy te detton Kean aa eo far xpi, comer tebe hte ine, 116 Let acim cane (eden fhe ental siz) be). Whee 2) teh ne eg othe ben) carer can pps pTRLAS and we Ey (1-3) ed the bs eqn #4 ea ‘Srey apr dittt 4 ae) 8) exewe eh Elomi gee ui emany Tne og Wi Bs Et = eteam et (cane city tag mien TSS ‘unary cndsos, wc e ay more ein ad amet ei: oars) come esi ms cana exe em ki tit # fle a soy anew yee emt eo a (eg, a6) AD nn oe a nig oe Satin we sc oi inert 8 eas ais B a car) wes F a8 ye ea yomgtine = steve wine (I Dc ee en riser le tess Ram a fee pet (4S ale) ens ann cape oe hen 2 tr Se SE eet ely Lia tae roy rap oman mae = BRS eat to obain 8382 latter cp 1 ee A an Bae shun constants Te Youd contin y= dls = 0 Mr Ofhen yl 2 = anh teen 2 BT (ans) In his sei te, the body condos onthe fe end ae ako sed ‘eae = cmt ‘Gi we owee, ati le boy coos in ae Afr al ur ean fs oe wth ins ah 5 a efor mda) ‘odin, wheter ou erent exon (11-2) son eh texond ord. ‘he we gf ive + sent sumber of airy cots ost all tol onion? Toe ore itn, oA far een ts, toneve tnt ra eel edi, he rental eon mate tae by towing £4 (1-3) wah (11-3, Th, te nr eqesioa mst be (er 2) 1 ane ich ourtrdr dere ego, ale to nd ur bundy am (oa te ceo nore, we ave aid «m0 Egunton(.1-4) san gposinatecgpton exc inthe pending ‘fa patie, blew fen deren deen he eer ‘eve fx bea of aie croton In eer for a slender bit Yi de spon, Sie! Geran ccs al when te fea ot ener for snc cots wth Yr so cremate in wich theron bcnmer site a gana PROBLEMS 1 tity wth ger ioe, he me ta ‘turn eco cere a eC ne muesple smge thc do tn nay mp ol ceo oe th nem cay 12 Wen ek of pein aml pou be mine nel a2 omcion Tint nie cn td ota: ag in {ica con ec i Sor Ea, ese a BO ‘area exon ne obec Name ere ro wi ‘pep fs Sve ol ss mi comm es eept insane ea 13 Came spr ts ou ky ign te eth Yeu ‘ite len le nn pn ey a ieee. You Tooth pe ep mn sh tee cis ee ” ion 1 rates te mon nan cn os Tc aim ob ge ote rong ee un tds meng te x eS en yc ke eS 2 rin cc cc Not fren a can rn po Seer Sargon eee Cee cn ment oan oe trea done? C8 lh pb Ds ee alg ei et mle le) a? ‘Eee wy mo? — 1s giao econ ee ei a cay ex wr aa nda sap mas we in FL) a ed os german a ips ty cB. aD warts me oct. tes waa eres (tay nine. 0) Ash means ter pti ps ei ie es _ocuieaanieatiemeuceeteale: see ant nae Smt een me sreate 0 ace ana oe es ent chen ryan a nop orb oe eta ere eat AS BGD Na em es ten am ote igre Ah il Lan, mans spy ee Th2 Inv chop. 1 Rome we nr abt fe ey othe cohen ou ine eet ‘ey hat id gyri ew fe ain i FT cae toe ag e STE eile pen of ie haw 18 tity aw ens tte ede i Ae tas snte on ve side wea oe ng. A un pg an Bal ‘ua heme spl we wu eed acto eee ge {Towing Desay ch us te poo son in i PL, as ae foe Finds Seton an ow at T= en be" 1 compe ign ei a ee (Ase ba ovat wp aoa one i whence 0 its tno a [0 8 tr sr) se hs) wih we eg Dis hae qty ih per ey Sapa 140 Your ce sel or pay puting eon or aa ‘ty, To uns wat eca a by ig et n n ee ‘tbs ed ya os op se pes Sgt ‘aon (FPL) ane the ber tne te aioe ow donald os tt te se igo my Seger th 9? i, Cision ol pate bln et a Comet ene esp ne be rhe ee pe ie, PLA Mest wena count ole 2 111 One wa ant, ey soley ih Se cuneate mee. Any ss ee Seas eran nt ast “Any, te ie. The aioe mis ew Seo kt ceyntig we The to he ses = gai id thse i de opin ok Dee ten, a at te pte std al a atestend Bg ia ne be taped al Now Aah Ste pic betehcancoe vay wor ae Sonn ng pan “Ase, Tl aie lie, 12 ep peae Fin 132 Cap te seak Map botrio em 11 we sean ets tt em, pt, oe ee Src Beate oe he te os tre Bos co pe ea SSIS lenge hn ea La bean snack wear eta ese oe ers se et on Tara. Wt Son? Wnt ea we ‘Ht omnis wel pe at ent il of ne st ee ae ev wr mea ls et Tee eye ng oe pone se af ean oan a5 ed ee uw ‘scouring tothe fee-oay dgram in Fi, P21,. vet Om tt | fom a oe es 148 Ung ete qin die in Pb 114, lh Beige le Soren Ho sh weet 146A gen ig pom in tm kh i pct ‘hcen ce (2eP 1:16) Th pak lak wen eal A a ip on Answer, x= (= an a = Fe FLAG Apron wig ato 1a Ait ot tend file ts aot Patio in PL Hor vou oe ete eben oe de hop ebm * . pe PLT Rasa sp Suton. hs nape at Bansiy spt sy in si et eee 1 ne. Toe pe = ‘Sensi te cna ot bom los, Tk he aro sy Tan am ee 2 de ese see Feist 82 SrreptonlP Pct ese cael ine Rate is tn ed ny ee cst ae. es 8 + 82 = Cea acm in inten pt net eon ana team FL es on ees wih nie Gliese it Ate Ee at oh po tnd plu Fa ew we boa ome Sie fated Solin a baw eel aps ht he pe so aly ie, ie en ea of wen at oS ia Fa iy ace Bt te lion of he in spat, an cont hn Pt ac ate ol eps a ih ei ea eerie aeaoe ome seta Fn rer tae opt {Lm A rog wd escape StF, PLR) Te wnt oe nh gel ewe Dh hs amen te ka ae ee cry wh Dh 0 tht rn bt ih ese ag i Ne et san neon teks en ad aa ee mtcodae popctond oe ND wae Mise ec get eng som ed yee Hn, Lt a eased dor tom he esto, The aig w= [le oH“hemi eager epentodM0%) Tepeblen ee Deyo sca, ya pero sos DG) = a co (ie Tete tun Boa es seco 1 Ore oh st ei esa aoa henry ys ate et eg (etm ned dg fae spe (este fod st ‘ing ei ep) ce wh ai, By dag ek Sait oc eo su, y la nag bet th ‘Reet weet Spe op: lab he dsc th wing rere um he cost sie. be ese Te dee to ects oe wg. The be thc a at (ism adsl dng aed es ed ood te ol ea) m= 2 we ies ons Tit sen, low in Fi PL, eb el oy "Rn te sche lpg, Conse ingot tem opt bg neat NO) crn ing. xe bedng mo Seashore ing wad tibet eons tunel (= A (ee), he wags en ity Ete gp een ee othe Hg estat \ cor es 2h eimai go Soin. 121 Arete apace teal teh ohn ‘Mire (cee PL) Pome dsb he Here i. ed nave iets nin a By ong eM Spun ef et we conte he ila ten be STs nts psp, sion a te berg Sa Tier cnt nb ac Wisc oo i Wa ‘he psp ine ion? a igre PLA Ase st 4 (nsdn ae to San ray ‘eon wh see es tu ewe Piz om po vain Fe 720) et aan yee.) oe ops i py Seu nel co ie eae Fi PIG, Te ear To Te cmt et eg ac noma 1 ex beech, dma ima ened The i re el io ins ae et aa alt ah ee abn eo a mem te es moe Fae a ee Tw ep et ec ae me Sheers igen P12 Loin en when nat oso we= naoasicn chap 123 igre PLDs iby Goa Aton Bales "Dra Anal’ (on te Moen A), 605) ‘ee cpt). tity Mat Spgs Ve New Yas, ‘BB The pe sb 20 carng hey Sve pat a oe ‘io ne esd hth clit Pert ion cn ie, ‘ene yee a ee ue ed dans, Ue em ean ow at \ toed ag np jt en 0 pte als argu eK abe PLAS ton Te ig oles 2 VECTORS AND TENSORS A Beitr ne baie gael. Tensor te guage 21 VECTORS ‘A vestor i thee ime Buen sus defi as et ie tha ien mgd and en deton. Weal ote easy AB, PO, ... or by olde eters, % Fy Ty ‘Ta vee eu if hey hve th se ton a ame maid, Aw cori sor of gtde The ze vec, deel by, eae Stapmeis Hewes dbl aiv ope eee "oom of es gts ci hn! yh “pogo la" nde for etanpl, AB + B= A; Vector adion come we kt be thot vector in th ste of te posite, shane resin mea how tee ec ns tes deo Eu ange ith corte es, = be erent baer ombiation evan Furthermore tr wees ye Lear cai one tne + oes any hen ua me the compenets oo dw canbe repress by 3 matic (Gyan)« econ ma Toms Chap. 2 “Tue magia tea Grey bl= vara, any sod therefor w= Oifand oat, SSE fh rte ok ett te min llvioce = er) ee sth glee he pea vets, Therese th prot oe ‘Sui of ne eo nd he component ote econ ves in een test hat, ‘ey fant of component of Songs). 8) ang tue te ve ne tn tre the sar pod of ese fo ves ako We exes ines fhe ‘component: ym ex \Whees slr rod ot estos i salar uti the veo (oe ro) pod iv ves nd pods ater ew and We me wy The maps ined Iwl=Welblsns = 052), arg eis the angle betwen ad, md the deton of ws defied w 9 Teco tae Ane dno by nan in sch a way, or ‘chad pen. Voor roduc su te flown reo xr 6x8) ax (ete weeeo any baxy acto Hy). ng hss, te ver pr cn be exes in rm fhe om poner ols eur — nde + (ams — aus # los wade 8) 1c 22 Vea Eason “ PROBLEMS, “At Gen vsre = Be Sey id it esti te re Answer: (I aa d= tm 5, be pil te sg Tw rites 42, ft nau Aron: (9-3 3 rw ayo vena f= oft P= 2a + JF Posie mae nd en of ett fa of he pa fe tener oso) ther a ing ase Pa ‘Bie ih e8 Aver V5 = 215 nthe aston = 6, +2, ~ Sas Araver as (-8. ub Gna =, 4A ~ 9 = e+ So he a 0 ht # vi ‘sepa Asner w Gein etar nanan some a won Anwar 16 2 xy ah eo em stow Ha (6 4p Fol eset ft pe teh Al 2, BO, Tan 2) Anover:—2y = 30= T= 20 Fad he of AAC P28 Ano Vi 80 Fad ctr pedo ah = #3 — and = = 28 4 Asso 6 = T= meta ‘22 VECTOR EQUATIONS “he it of ctr sso mb et pl or ome Miocene roti tty ae. Petes eae ge om wh he foes FPF, Fah Ae he conn of equim oh pare it POLE po Y=, en)@ oor Tonos chop. 2 Asana exape e tt heflowng gun forthe estore fine itn vor a ps cosa: ramp, any By his sntemet, we manta te a fhe ed ptf ads veo ‘ating te psig oti i pl. The geome mesangial “The esr a ll the nt normal vector lhe pe, Spee. The cat fda nos i r roon a ona Egan (22-7) te eats ft we conerl rau veces ws component oa mia const 7, we ‘hl bin ple (Sep 21) i ome 24 Eqns ete ohn, cpt hy, ver es aon comet neva Dove ata ac pty ash etn Sree y har cmp ih ap oa fed net ee, ‘Toure emi, Tan, ni estat feng Casa evn spe Be 2) ad (02-2 ny ee ee, fm-a Sao Seen ary ars tyter=p, ang ae FF, FP erent the copes ofthe ear with espec to he Fre orem Oy) repeat components ane, repeat ‘he of he nt onal et ‘Why i team frm refed? Why we wig 10 sie dhe logic the vst aot? The sme comping: We He eps sl guotinin minder: T spel) ads ec, coaeieao spt) Tile of monks (3). To spol 2 oe Ft comet dee he ‘hee operetta patil eats, we we as. (22-3) nd 22-1) mush soe gue tan Eqs (22-1) al 22-2). PROBLEMS: 22 Exess ooo pice, Sento, Co {or de tops een le an eel equ {ers ohtomae ont om veer eatin arene en Nons vt gv vec mad tet moo prs Lt tn roa re pe? ~TT M—<— es. 22 Vos Eason ® vy fne erent teenie re ORR ven tps oe rant ame Seamer trans tes a ‘eon arr caf estaamhaee erect sg SiS ce Satara ese nh ‘nee wees Cy. Ha, ya, * SE ‘tee at ce nt Tons i wo i ‘er gem ls eon Sr lt vce spe why rp to ‘eel ee nsf sess ala“ = “eine 2A pte sete sng re oa i cel ite scn sep he prseht PUMUTSa re eee oy eat sae ot rod ! igre PMA ill ait.