NG DNG CNG NGH PHUN PH NHIT TRONG PHC HI B

MT CHI TIT.
TH.S Nguyn Trung Kin
Trung tm NC D&PT KHCN S Trng CN ng st
2/167, Gia Qut, Thng Thanh, Long Bin, H Ni
Email: trungkientkt@gmail.com
Tm tt
Phun ph kim loi bng phng php phun nhit c th s dng phc hi,
ti to cc lp vt liu kim loi b mt khc nhau ca chi tit. Vi kh nng c
ng ca thit b, cng ngh ny c th to c lp ph ln b mt cc chi tit
ch to mi cng nh phc hi cc chi tit h hng ngay ti hin trng.
Phng php phun ph kim loi c nghin cu ng dng ti Vit Nam gn
20 nm nay, c ng dng cho rt nhiu lnh vc c kh, ch to my, gia cng
trang tr, m ngh, chng n mn, ph chc nng b mt..hin nay, a ch
duy nht c Chng nhn trin khai l Vin K thut nhit i thuc Vin
Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam.
I. KHI QUT V PHUN PH NHIT
Phun ph nhit (thermal spray) l phng
php cng ngh a cc vt liu rn (dng
bt, dng dy, dng thanh, dng li thuc)
vo dng vt cht c nng lng cao (dng
kh chy hoc dng plasma) nung nng
chy mt phn hay ton b vt liu; phn tn
vt liu thnh cc ht di dng sng m
nh, tng tc ht v y ht n b mt
chi tit cn ph c chun b trc. Vi
c im hnh thnh nh vy, lp ph s c
cu trc dng lp, trong , cc phn t vt Hnh 1: Cu trc lp phun ph nhit
liu b bin dng v xp chng ln nhau
(Hnh 1). Ti b mt tip xc gia cc phn
t vi chi tit v b mt tip xc ca cc phn t xy ra cc qu trnh lin kt
bn vng to nn cu trc lp ph.
Hin nay ngi ta pht trin kh nhiu loi u phun ph nhit khc nhau:
u phun dng nhin liu kh chy, u phun h quang in, u phun plasma,
u phun dng nhin liu chy bng oxy tc cao HVOF (high velocity
oxygene fuel), u phun bng dng cao tn, u phun bng kch n, phun lnh ...
Phun ph nhit c th ph c cc kim loi nguyn cht, cc hp kim ln b
mt kim loi, hp kim hay b mt vt khc nh g, vi, giy, s C 4 u
im chnh ca phun ph nhit nh sau:
1. Tit kim nguyn vt liu qu.
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2. To cc lp vt liu ph c dy theo mun.

3. Vi kh nng c ng cao v d dng iu khin t ng, phun ph nhit
thch hp cho vic ch to mi cng nh phc hi chi tit c; cng c th
ng dng x l ti ch, cc b i vi cc kt cu ln hoc cc chi tit
phc tp.
4. Ngun nng lng cch ly vi b mt chi tit, nhit b mt chi tit khi
ph c th gi mc trn di 100 oC. Do vy, c th ng dng ph cc
loi vt liu khc ln b mt cc vt liu d chy nh ph ln g, vi, giy,
polyme.... c bit, cng ngh ny thch hp cho vic x l cc chi tit d
bin dng do nhit (trc khuu ng c, cnh bm, cnh turbin ...).
II. CNG NGH PHUN PH KIM LOI

Hnh 2. S v thit b phun ph kim loi

II. NGHIN CU TRIN KHAI NG DNG CNG NGH PHUN PH
NHIT.
2.1. Lp ph bo v chng n mn trong mi trng kh quyn, mi trng
nc.
Vt liu ph bo v c chia lm 2 nhm, bao gm nhm cc lp ph c tc
dng nh vt liu ant hy sinh, tan dn ra bo v nn thp (Zn, Al, Mg v cc
hp kim) v nhm cc lp ph c tc dng nh lp mng barrier ngn cn s
thm nhp ca cc tc nhn n mn ti b mt thp (thp khng g, hp kim Ti,
Mo, Pb, Sn ....). Cc lp ph Zn-Al c c bit ch nghin cu - ng dng
do kh nng bo v v ng dng a dng ca chng trong thc t. Bng 1 di
y tm tt cc kt qu quan trng ca cc nghin cu lin quan n cc lp ph
bo v chng n mn trong mi trng kh quyn, mi trng nc.

Hnh 3 . Qu trnh hnh thnh lp ph.

Hnh 4. ng dng phun kim loi km bo v chng n mn cho cc kt cu

thp.

Bng 1. Nghin cu v cc lp ph bo v
T
T

ti nghin cu

nh gi nhanh bn chng n mn trong

nc bin ca lp phun ph Zn trn nn thp
Ct3 bng phng php gia nhit theo chu k.
Vin KTN - Vin KH&CN VN, 2003.
Kho st cng ngh to lp phun ph gi
hp kim ZnAl trn nn thp Ct3 v kh nng
bo v chng n mn ca lp ph ny. Vin
KTN - Vin KH&CN VN, 2004.
Nghin cu bo v chng n mn cho ca
van cc cng trnh thy li ven bin bng
phng php bo v kt hp. Vin KH&CN
VN ( ti c lp), 2004-2006.

Lp ph Zn

Pht trin phng php th nghim "gia tc nhit theo chu

k" nh gi bn ca lp ph Zn trong mi trng
bin.

Lp ph gi
hp kim ZnAl

- Ti u ha cng ngh ch to lp ph gi hp kim ZnAl.

- Th nghim n mn: so snh lp ph ZnAl vi lp ph Zn
truyn thng

Cc h ph t
hp Zn-Al kt
hp vi sn

Nghin cu lp ph hp kim ZnAl ch to

bng phng php phun ph h quang in
dng bo v thp khi lm vic trong mi
trng bin. B KH&CN ( ti NC c
bn), 2006-2008.

Lp ph hp
kim ZnAl

Nghin cu s dng polyme dn nng

H ph t hp

- Ti u ha cng ngh ch to cc lp ph Zn v Al.

- nh gi hiu qu bo v ca cc h ph t hp kim loi
kt hp sn: a ra 2 h ph bo v t hp lp ph Zn vi
lp sn bn mi trng bin.
- Thi cng bo v th 1 ca van thy li ti Thi Bnh: H
ph t hp bo v an ton kt cu thp sau hn 5 nm thi
cng (t 2006).
- H ph bo v Zn - sn tr thnh tiu chun ngnh i
vi cc cng trnh thy li ven bin
- nh hng ca hm lng Zn-Al ti cc tnh cht c hc
v in ha ca hp kim.
- Ch to 3 loi dy hp kim ZnAl.
- nh gi kh nng bo v trong cc iu kin mi trng
bin, c trn cn v di nc, i vi cc lp ph hp kim
ch to.
- nh gi kh nng bo v ca h ph t hp trong mi

Lp ph

Cc kt qu quan trng

cao tnh nng bo v h chng n mn kh

quyn ca mt s vt liu hu c, kim loi
phun nhit. Vin KH&CN VN, 2007-2008.
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Nghin cu bo v chng n mn cho ca

van cc cng trnh thu li vn hnh trong
vng nc chua mn. Vin KH&CN VN (
ti c lp), 2007-2009.

Nghin cu nh hng ca cc yu t mi
trng kh quyn H Ni ti tc n mn
ca lp phun ph Zn ch to ti Vin
KTN. Vin KTN - Vin KH&CN VN,
2007-2011.

hp kim ZnAl
v lp sn bt
cha polyme
dn
H ph kt hp
kim loi (CrNi,
SUS 304, SUS
316L, Sn) vi
sn
Lp ph Zn

trng kh quyn.

- nh gi hiu qu bo v ca cc h ph t hp kim loi

vi sn.
- Thi cng bo v th 2 ca van thy li ti Tin Giang v
Long An bng h ph t hp lp ph thic vi lp ph sn
bo v an ton kt cu thp k t khi thi cng vo cui nm
2009 n nay.
Xy dng m hnh tnh ton d bo tui th lp ph kim loi
trong cc mi trng kh quyn c th khc nhau da vo
cc kt qu th nghim t nhin v gia tc kt hp vi vic
x l s liu kh hu.

2.2. Lp ph chc nng

Thc t cho thy, cc nhu cu v vt liu rt a dng: chu nhit, bn ha cht, bn
mi mn, dn in, kh nng chng nhiu in t, trang tr . Thng thng, tng tc
gia mi trng vi vt liu ch yu xy ra lp b mt. Trong nhiu trng hp, vt
liu phi lm vic di tc ng ng thi ca nhiu yu t: mi trng ha cht kt
hp vi cc tc nhn gy mi mn (erosion-corrosion), n mn nhit cao thc
hin cc yu cu sn xut n chic hoc x l cc chi tit my cha th sn xut trong
nc, gii php a ra l to cc lp ph chc nng ln b mt cc vt liu nn l gang
thp r tin, d kim. Cc yu ca n v sn xut thng yu cu a ra nhanh cc gii
php x l b mt v ch to lp ph, khng c nhiu thi gian nghin cu hay ch
th.
Nghin cu trong lnh vc cc lp ph chc nng, n thi im ny, vn tip tc
c nghin cu ng dng v trin khai th nghim. Mt s nghin cu - ng dng
tim nng c tng hp Bng 2.
Bng 2. Cc nghin cu - ng dng ca cc lp ph chc nng trong thc t.
T
T

Lp ph chc nng

Thp khng g SS
316L
(bn mi mn, chu
p lc cao trong
nc bin)

Tnh nng lp ph

Chiu dy > 1 mm
bm dnh
>20MPa
cng 230 HV
T khi 6.93 g/cm3
Tui th > 6 thng
H kp CrNi - Al
Chiu dy
(bn nhit, chu mi - CrNi: 300 m
mn, bn ha cht) - Al: 100 m
Tui th > 12 thng
H kp CrNi - Al
(chu mi mn, bn
ha cht)

Chiu dy
- CrNi: 100 m
- Al: 200 m
Tui th > 12 thng
Lp ph Al
Chiu dy > 1 mm
(chu nhit)
bm dnh
>12MPa
cng 30 HB
T khi 2.41 g/cm3
Tui th > 12 thng
Lp ph Pb ln nn Chiu dy 2 mm
gm
Tui th > 36 thng
(bn ha cht,

iu kin khai thc

Cc chi tit my bm cao p
ca gin khoan du kh: 250
bar - 6000 vg/ph - 200 m3/ph

Cc chi tit bm kh dng

trong l t rc thi: m
cao, nhit 200-300oC, pH
thay i tht thng (kh thi
SO2, NOx, CO2 trung ha bng
NaOH)
Cc chi tit bm nc thi:
pH thay i, c cha cc ht
rn gy mi mn
Cc tm tn nhit dng trong
dy chuyn nhng km nng:
nhit lm vic 600oC

Np thng phn ng xylen

chng thm dung

mi xylen)
Lp ph Cu, hp
kim Cu
(trang tr)

Chiu dy 0.2 mm
bm dnh 10
MPa
cng 75 HB
T khi 7.54 g/cm3
2.3. Lp ph phc hi mi mn

Kh quyn

Cc lp ph phc hi mi mn c c bit quan tm. y l mt dng c bit

trong nhm cc lp ph chc nng do chng thng hay gp nht trong thc t i vi
cc chi tit my khai thc trong cc iu kin nh mi mn kh, mi mn c bi trn,
mi mn di ti trng ln, mi mn trt tc cao phc hi kch thc b hao
mn, ty theo iu kin khai thc ca chi tit, s dng cc vt liu l mt s mc thp
cacbon, thp hp kim v hp kim CrNi. Mt s nghin cu - ng dng tim nng cho
cc mc ch phc hi mi mn c tng hp Bng 3.
Bng 3. Cc nghin cu - ng dng ca cc lp ph phc hi mi mn thc t.
T
T

Lp ph

Thp hp
kim crm
cao

Tnh nng lp ph

iu kin khai thc

Chiu dy > 1 mm
bm dnh 20MPa
cng 320 HV
T khi 6.74 g/cm3
Tui th > 12 thng
Thp hp
Chiu dy > 1 mm
kim crm
bm dnh 20MPa
cao v thp cng 320 HV
cacbon cao T khi 6.74 g/cm3
Tui th > 6 thng
Thp hp
Chiu dy > 1 mm
kim crm
bm dnh 20MPa
cao
cng 320 HV
T khi 6.74 g/cm3
Tui th > 12 thng
Hp kim
Chiu dy 3 mm
CrNi
bm dnh 25MPa
cng 280 HB
T khi 6.9 g/cm3
Tui th > 12 thng
Hp kim
Chiu dy 3 mm
CrNi
bm dnh 25MPa
cng 280 HB
T khi 6.9 g/cm3
Tui th > 12 thng

Phc hi gi vng bi cho trc roto

cc loi ng c (cng sut 380-1650
kW, tc quay n 1000 vg/ph), trc
my nghin, trc my nn kh trc vt,
trc qut ROOS
Phc hi nng ct cho trc khuu v
bloc my cc loi t v thit b cng
nghip
Phc hi my bm ht chn khng

Phc hi trc my dp 250 tn

Phc hi cnh turbin thy in ROFS690M-2

III. GII THIU MT S THNH TU CA NG DNG CNG NGH

PHUN PH TI VIT NAM.
T nm 1995 khi 2 cm thit b phun ph nhit c trang b cho Vin K thut nhit
i, l thit b phun kim loi dng h quang in OSU Hessler 300A (xut x CHLB
c) v u phun kim loi dng kh chy Metallisation MARK-61 (Anh quc). n
nm 2000-2002, Vin tip tc c u t hon thin cc thit b phc v vic o c,
nh gi, kim nh, pha trn vt liu..hon chnh cc cng ngh phun ph nhit, cho
php c th trin khai cng ngh ny trn rt nhiu cc lnh vc ngnh cng nghip Vit
Nam.
Sau y l mt s thnh tu t c khi bc u p dng ti Vit Nam trong
thi gian qua.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. T.S. L Thu Qu. Bo co Hi ngh Khoa hc k nim 35 nm Vin Khoa hc v
Cng ngh Vit Nam. Vin K thut nhit i - Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam.
26/10/2010.
[2]. T.S. L Thu Qu, TH.S. Nguyn Trung Kin. Gii thiu cng ngh phun ph kim
loi trong phc hi chi tit toa xe hng. T liu cng ngh - Cng ty Kho Vn Bc
VINACOMIN TKV. 29/10/2010.

LIN H TM HIU CNG NGH

1. Nguyn Trung Kin Trung tm NC D& PT KHCN S Trng CN S. S

2/167, Gia Qut, Thng Thanh , Long Bin , H Ni. T: 098.937.6557. Email:
trungkientkt@gmail.com
2. L Thu Qu, Vin K thut nhit i, 18 - Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni.

Email: quy.lethu@vnd.vast.ac.vn

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