Ng gia b chn chim thng c bit n nh l mt chu cnh bonsai p.

Nhng
trong ng y, ng gia b li l mt cy thuc c tc dng lm mnh gn ct, tr phong, au
nhc xng khp, tr em vn ng c bp yu, hn ch i li v tc dng tt ln h thn kinh
trung ng, chng suy nhc thn kinh, tng tr nh. Ngoi ra cn c tc dng tt trong iu
tr bnh mn tnh ngi cao tui, tng sc khng, bi dng sc khe Cng v th m
khng t cc Vin nghin cu Vit Nam cng nh nc ngoi nh Nht Bn, Ba Lan
phi hp nghin cu chit xut ra nhiu cht dng trong y hc. V vy, qua bi thuyt trnh
ny, nhm chng ti mun mang n cho cc bn mt ci nhn tng quan v su sc hn v
cy thuc qu, r tin - ng gia b chn chim.
Ng gia b chn chim hay cn gi l chn chim by l, chn chim hoa
trng, ng, lng, sm nam, chn vt. Cy mc hoang v c trng nhiu a phng ti
Vit Nam. Loi ny c (L.) Frodin m t khoa hc u tin nm 1990 publ. 1991. B phn
dung l v thn v v cnh phi hay sy kh ca cy Ng gia b chn chim.
Gii: Plantae
B: Apiales
H: Araliaceae (Nhn sm)
Chi: Schefflera
Loi S.heptaphylla
Tn khoa hc: Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin
Tn khc: Schefflera octophylla(Lour.) Harms.
I. C IM THC VT:
Ng gia b l mt cy c kch thc nh n trung bnh, cao chng 2-8m. L mc so le,
kp chn vt, gm 6-8 l cht, cung l di 8-30cm, l cht nguyn hnh trng, u nhn hay
hi t di 7-17cm, rng 3-6cm, cung l cht ngn 1,5-2,5cm. Cm hoa chy hoc chm tn.
Hoa nh, mu trng, s cnh hoa v nh bng nhau thng l 5, bao phn 2 ngn, bu h c 56 ngn. Qu mng, hnh cu, ng knh 3-4mm, khi chin c mu tm sm en, cha 6-8 ht.
Ng gia b chn chim thng mc hoang di, phn b cao t 100m 2100m. Chng
phn b nhiu ni trn th gii (ch yu chu ) nh: min nam Trung Quc, i Loan, v
Hng Kng, Thi Lan, n , Malaysia, Nht Bn. Vit Nam, chng phn b rng ri
khp c nc, c bit Lm ng v cc tnh min ni pha Bc: Bc Cn, Ha Bnh, Lng
Sn, Lo Cai, Tuyn Quang, Cao Bng, Ngh An, Vnh Phc, Ph Th).
II. C IM DC LIU
B phn dng: V thn.
V thn: Mnh v hi cong kiu hnh mng, di 20 - 50 cm, rng 3 - 10 cm, dy khong
0,3 - 1cm. Dc liu co lp v ngoi l lp trong mu nu nht, lm m xm. Mt
trong nh, mu vng nu nht. Mt ct ngang dy 0.2-1cm, pha ngoi l nh nh c sn, lp
trong c si xp v d tch dc. V nh v gin. Mi thm nh, v hi ng
III.
TRNG TRT, THU HI, CH BIN
Cy c th trng bng dm cnh. Thu hi quanh nm (ch yu ma xun thu), lc tri
kh ro, nhng cy trn 10 nm tui l tt nht, em v, bc v c chiu di khong
20cm, rng 5cm, co s qua b bt lp v th ngoi, phi trong rm, l chui 7 ngy,
thnh thong o cho u ni mi thm ri ly ra phi hoc sy nh cho kh (50-60oC).
IV.THNH PHN HA HC:
Ng gia b chn chim c cha tinh du v nhiu glycosid khc nhau, trong ch yu l
cc hp cht thuc nhm saponin triterpen. Ngoi ra cn c cc acid bo, acid hu c, tanin.
1. V thn:

- Saponin trong ng gia b chn chim thuc Saponin triterpen 5 vng

chia lm 2 nhm oleanan v ursan. Cho n nay, tm thy 12 saponin
chia ra 6 cp tng ng vi ursan-12-en glycoside v olean-12-en
glycoside, tt c chng c cng mt na triose ti v tr C28.
+ Ursan-12-en glycoside

R1
(1) OH
(3) OH
(5) H
(7) H
(9) H
(11) OH

R2
- OH
- OH
- O - ara
- OH
- O - glc2 - gal2 - glc
- OH

R3
CH2OH
CHO
CH2OH
COOH
CH3
CH3

R4
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2OH

R3
CH2OH
CHO
CH2OH
COOH
CH3
CH3

R4
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH2OH

+ Olean-12-en glycoside

R1
(2) OH
(4) OH
(6) H
(8) H
(10) H
(12) OH

R2
- OH
- OH
- O - ara
- OH
- O - glc2 - gal2 - glc
- OH

Trong cht (1) c tn asiaticosid do nh nghin cu Trn Vn

Sung v cng s (1992) xc nh hm lng ca n trong ng gia b chn
chim Vit Nam l 0,05%.
Ngoi ra cn c Acid oleanolic c tm thy bi V Vit Nam,
Hong Vn Phit cng cc cng s (1983).
2. L:
- Cc saponin ch yu thuc nhm lupan trong cht c hm
lng cao nht (5%) l 3- -hydroxylup-20(29)ene-23,28-dioic acid,

ngoi
ra
cn
c
acid
3-epi-betulinic;
3 hydroxylup20 ( 29 )en23,28dioic acid 28O [ Lrhamnopyranosyl ( 1 4 ) ODglu
; acid 3 ,

11 dihydroxylup20 ( 29 )en23,28dioic ; acid betulinic 2-Osulfat; 3-epi-betulinic acid 3-O- -D-glucopyranosid.

Bng C
R1
(13) H
(14) H
(15) H
(16) H
(17) SO3H(18) -D-glc
(19) -D6'Glc A

R2
COOH
glc6 - glc4- rha
glc6 - glc4- rha
glc6 - glc4- rha
glc6 - glc4- rha
glc6 - glc4- rha
glc6 - glc4- rha

R3
H
H
OH
H
H
H
H

R4
COOH
COOH
COOH
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3

Tinh du: ch yu v cy 0,8%, ngoi ra c mt t l. L Th Thu

Hng (H Vinh - 2004) nghin cu v thnh phn ha hc ca v cy
ng gia b chn chim v chit xut c 41 hp cht, trong thnh phn
chnh l: -myrxen (12,9%); -caryophyhen (24,4%), -humulen
(7,9%); zerumbon (15%),
V. KIM NGHIM
1. Vi phu:
Lp bn cn st li gm khong 10 hng t bo hnh ch nht nm ngang, thnh hi
dy, xp chng ln nhau thnh dy xuyn tm u n.
Tng sinh bn - lc b gm mt lp t bo hnh ch nht nm ngang, xp u n. T
bo m cng thnh rt dy, hnh ch nht hay a gic, nm ngang, khoang hp, xp thnh
vng lin tc st tng sinh bn lc b.
M mm v gm cc t bo thnh mng, hp v ko di theo hng tip tuyn, trong
m mm v c cc ng tit ri rc. Vng libe cp 2 dy chim 2/3 chiu dy v thn, t bo
libe thnh mng. Si libe xp thnh m, xen k thnh nhiu tng trong libe. T bo si trn
thnh dy. Cnh m si c tinh th calci oxalat, tia ty hp gm 3 dy t bo i xuyn qua
vng libe cp 2, theo hng xuyn tm.
Bt: nhiu t bo m cng mu vng nht, hnh ch nht hay a gic, thnh rt dy,
khoang hp, c loi khoang rng, c ng trao i r, ng ring l hay t hp thnh tng
m. Si thnh dy, a s c khoang hp, c ng trao i r. T bo bn xp u n, hnh a
gic, mng dy. T bo m mm hnh nhiu cnh mng mng. Tinh th ca oxalat hnh ch
nht, hnh lp phng , kch thc khong 40 m. Ht tinh bt nh, ng knh 4-16
m.
2. nh tnh:
A. Da trn tnh cht to bt:
Ly 1g bt nguyn liu thc vt, thm nc, un cch thy 10 pht. Lc thu
dch lc vo 1 ng nghim ri bt ng nghim, lc mnh ng trong 1 pht. yn, nh gi
bn ca ct bt 15 pht (+), 30 pht (++), 60 pht (+++)
C th da vo ch s bt nh gi mt nguyn liu cha saponin: ch s bt
l s ml nc ho tan saponin trong 1g nguyn liu cho mt ct bt cao 1cm sau khi lc v
c (tin hnh trong iu kin qui nh).

B.
Ly 5 g bt dc liu cho vo bnh nn, thm 20 ml ethanol 96% (TT), un si,
lc, ngui ri lc.
Ly 1 ml dch lc, thm 1 ml thuc th Fehling (TT), un si, xut hin ta
gch.
Ly 1 ml dch lc, cho vo ng nghim khc, thm 5 git anhydric acetic (TT),
thm t t theo thnh ng nghim 0,5 ml acid sulfuric (TT). Lp phn cch gia hai dung
dch c vng mu nu.
C. Cc phn ng mu:
- phn ng Salkowski: Acid sulfuric m c ha tan cc saponin v cho mu
thay i t vng, , l-xanh l hay l-tm.
- phn ng Rosenthaler: Saponin triterpenoid cho tc dng vi vanillin 1 %
trong HCl v h nng c mu hoa c
- phn ng Carr-Price: Saponin tc dng vi antimoin trichlorid trong dung dch
chloroform ri soi di n phn tch t ngoi th saponin triterpenoid c hunh quang xanh
D. Tnh ph huyt
Ly 20 ng nghim nh (cn gi l ng ph huyt), nh s th t ri cho vo
mi ng ln lt nh sau: dung dch chit nguyn liu theo th t tng dn: ng th nht
0,05ml, ng th hai 0,10ml,..., dung dch m theo th t gim dn: ng th nht 0,95ml,
ng th hai 0,90ml,..., dung treo mu 2% mi ng 1ml. Sau lc kh ngay trn u. Sau
30 pht lc li 1 ln na. Sau 24 gi th c kt qu: tm ng u tin c hin tng ph huyt
hon ton, tnh pha long ca nguyn liu trong ng . Chnh pha long ca ng ny
l ch s ph huyt ca nguyn liu. C th c kt qu sm hn bng cch ly tm 10 pht
(1500 vng/pht) sau khi yn 2 gi
E. Phng php sc k lp mng
Bn mng: Silicagel G (thay bng Silicagel GF254).
H dung mi khai trin: chloroform methanol nc (65:35:10)
Dung dch th: 2g dc liu xay nh, thm 25ml hn hp methanol nc
(4:1), un si hi lu trn cch thy trong 30 pht, lc, c dch lc n cn. Ha cn trong
2ml methanol (TT) lm dung dch th.
Dung dch i chiu: 2g ng gia b chn chim (mu chun), tin hnh nh i vi
dung dch th.
Cch tin hnh: chm ring bit ln bng mng 10 l dung dch th v dung
dch i chiu. Sau khi trin khai, ly bn mng ra kh ngoi khng kh, phun dung dch
vanillin 1% trong acid phosphoric 50% (TT). Sy bn mng 120 oC trong 5 pht. Sc k
ca dung dch th phi c cc vt cng mu sc v gi tr R f vi cc vt trn sc k ca
dung dch i chiu.
VI.
TC DNG DC L:
Nguyn Vn n, L Nguyn Dc v Trn Kim Lng (k yu cng trnh nghin cu
dc liu 1961 1971,2,176-181) s dng dung dch chit v thn cy ng gia b chn
chim bng cn 40o theo t l 1:1 th nghim trn sc vt i n mt s kt lun:
1. c tnh: (LD50)
Ng gia b chn chim: 53,5g/kg th trng
Nhn sm: 22g/kg th trng
Tam tht: 9g/kg th trng
Ng gia b chn chim t c hn nhng loi thuc cng h
Th nghim trn sc vt, dng ng gia b chn chim di ngy khng thy tc dng c
hi vi chc nng gan, thn v hng s mu.
2. Dng liu cao mi thu c tc dng: (th nghim trn chut)

- Tng kh nng vn ng: liu 2,5g/kg tng thi gian bi ca chut so vi nhm
i chng
- Kch thch h thn kinh chut tim thuc ng veronal natri: liu 0,75g/kg th
trng (tim di da)
- Chng lnh: liu 5g/kg th trng (ung)
- Chng nng: liu 2,5g/kg th trng (tim di da)
- Khng th hin tc dng kiu oestrogen mt cch chc chn chut ci ct b
bung trng theo phng php Allen Doisy: liu 5g/kg th trng (ung)
- H ng huyt: liu 2,5g/kg th trng
VII.

CNG DNG
- Khu phong, tr thp, mnh gn ct, bi b c th.
- Thng tiu, ph thng.
CH TR
- au lng, au xng ct do hn thp, gn xng co rt, sng au, hoc sng au do
sang chn.
- C tc dng tr mt mi tt, iu tit ri lon ni tit, iu tit hng cu, bch cu v
huyt p, chng phng x, gii c.
- Tng th lc v tr nh, tng chc nng tuyn tnh dc, tng cng min dch ca c
th, tng nhanh s hnh thnh khng th.
- Ng gia b c tc dng an thn r, iu tit s cn bng gia hai qu trnh ch v
hng phn ca trung khu thn kinh.
- Ng gia b c tc dng khng vim c i vi vim cp v mn tnh (Trung Dc
Hc) v tng cng kh nng min dch: Cc saponin c th chng li nhim trng
bi k sinh trng. Khi vo bng ca con ngi, saponin cng gip h thng min
dch chng li v bo v vi khun, virus xm nhp c th.
- Tc dng gan mch, lm tng lu lng mu ng mch vnh v h huyt p (Trung
Dc Hc).
- Thuc c tc dng long m, gim ho v lm gim cn hen suyn (Trung Dc
Hc).
- Gim nguy c ung th: Cc nghin cu ch ra rng saponin c tnh chng ung th
v chng gy t bin hot ng,c th gim nguy c ung th ngi , bng cch
ngn chn t bo ung th pht trin. Saponin dng nh phn ng vi cc t bo
giu cholesterol ca cc t bo ung th. Do hn ch s tng trng v kh nng
tn ti ca cc t bo ny. Ngoi ra, cc nh nghin cu cn pht hin ra rng saponin
c th gip ngn nga ung th rut kt v nh th hin trong bi vit "Saponin nh
chng cht gy ung th" xut bn trn Tp ch Dinh dng (1995, 125, 717s-724S)
ca M. Mt s nghin cu ch ra rng saponin c th gy ra apoptosis ca bnh
bch cu t bo bng cch gy phn bo ca cc t bo gy ung th.
- Cht chng oxy ha: Phn khng ng ca saponin cng hot ng trc tip nh
mt cht chng oxy ha , m c th kt qu trong cc li ch khc nh gim nguy c
mc bnh ung th v tim mch.
CCH DNG
- Ngy dng 12 - 20g v kh, dng thuc sc hoc ru thuc.
KING K
- m h ho vng
- Ph n c thai v cho con b.
- Tr em di 6 tui.

VIII. BI THUC DN GIAN

- Tr phong thp au nhc, c th mt mi, au nhc, lit dng: Ng gia b sao vng
100g, ru 30o mt lt, ngm trong 10 ngy, thnh thong lc u. Ngy ung 20~40ml vo
trc ba n ti (Ng Gia B Tu - Lm Sng Thng Dng Trung Dc Th Sch).
- Tr thp khp: Ng gia b, Mc qua, Tng tit u 120g. Tn bt, mi ln ung 3~4g,
ngy 2 ln (Lm Sng Thng Dng Trung Dc Th Sch).
- Tr ph n c th suy nhc: Ng gia b, mu n b, Xch thc, ng quy u 40g.
Tn bt. Ngy ung hai ln, mi ln 4g (Nhng Cy Thuc V Thuc Vit Nam).
- Tr gy xng, sau khi phc hi v tr: Ng gia b, a ct b u 40g, tn nhuyn, G 1
con nh, ly tht, ga nt, trn u vi thuc, p bn ngoi, b np c nh, sau mt un, b
np i (S Tay Lm Sng Trung Dc).
- Tr ngc au tht, m mu cao: Dng cht chit xut t Thch Ng gia b (Nam Ng gia
b) ch thnh thuc vin Quan Tm Ninh. Ung mi ln 3 vin, ngy 3 ln, lin tc 1~3
thng. tr 132 ca ngc au tht, c kt qu 95,45%, m mu cao 53 ca, kt qu lm h
Cholesterol v Triglycerid (Trung Y Dc Hc Bo 1987, 4: 36).
- Tr bch cu gim: Dng vin Ng gia b tr 22 ca, c kt qu 19 ca + Tr nhi mu no:
Dng dung dch chhc Ng gia b 40ml, cho vo 300ml dch truyn Glucoz 10%, truyn tnh
mch ngy 1 ln, km ung thuc thang. Theo di 20 ca, c kt qu tt (Cam Tc Trung Y
Hc Vin Hc Bo 1988, 1: 27).
- Tr huyt p thp: Dng vin Ng gia b, mi ln ung 5 vin, ngy 3 ln, 20 ngy l
mt liu trnh.
* SN PHM TRN TH TRNG
Dng Khp Thin n h tr iu tr, phng nga vim khp, vim a khp dng thp...
c bit tt cho ngi cao tui, ngi b au nhc v gy xng.
IX.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Dc liu hc (tp 1) Ng Vn Thu, Trn Hng (2011)
2. Cc cy thuc v v thuc Vit Nam GS. Tt Li
3. Dc in Vit Nam IV
4. Lun n thc s: Nghin cu tch v xc nh cu trc ca mt
s hp cht t v cy ng gia b chn chim Ngh An Trn
Th Tuyn
5. Ngun internet
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C5%A9_gia_b%C3%AC_ch
%C3%A2n_chim#M.C3.B4_t.E1.BA.A3
http://www.thaythuoccuaban.com/vithuoc/ngudabi.htm
http://thucvatduoc.com/ngu-gia-bi/
http://www.duoclieu.org/2012/01/ngu-gia-bi-chan-chimschefflera.html