u,shfoaj wryka; uyd ydrh'

l=reKe., osia;%slalfha fmd,a.yfj, fldGdifha

foK.uqj k ft;sydisl .%dujrfhys fnda.=ma; msrsfjK msysgd we;.
b;sydi.; f;dr;=re wkqj foK.uqj .%duh b;d wE; w;S;hlg
Wreul lsh;s' fojk mE;sia rc oji ch uyd fnda YdLdj ,lAosjg
jevujk wjia:dfjys fndah wdrdj i|yd meKs fnda.=ma;
l=ureg rdcfoaj jYfhka fu.u mejrE nj;a tjla mgka fndamd,
kka f .%duh m%lg jQ nj;a i|yka fjhs ,laosj wka;su uy ry;ka
jykafiajkafia o f fndama; mrmqrg wh;a jQ nj lsh;s' u,shfoaj
uyry;ka jykafiaf.a Pkau N=h o f .%duh nj;a Wkajykafia meos
jQ miq mjqf,a b;srs jQfha ifydaorshka fofofkls'tla ifydaorshla
kdru, m%foaYhg jdy lr ka w;r ksjfia iQ wfkla ifydaorsh
wkaO jQjdh' u,shfoaj uyry;ka jykafiaf.a wIaGdkh jQfha ;uka
jykafia msrsksjka mE miq ish foK ifydaorshg jkaokd lsrSu ioyd Tjqka
isk ;eka j,g jeh hq;= njhs' ta wkqj Wkajykafia
msrsksjka mE
miq foayh jgdru os wdodykhg iqodk l< g th wyig mekke.S
m<uq j fndamd, .%dufha is wkaO ifydaorshf.a ksji wi<g jehy'
bka miq wkaO ifydaorsh ish ifydaor uy ry;ka jykafiajkafiaf.a
foayh oel.; fkdyelsj wfka weia mEfkd;a n,d.kak hehs lSjdh'
tflfkys u wehg fmkSu ,e uy ry;a foayhg is;a fia jkaokd l<
miq foK h<s;a wyig mekke.S kdru, ish ifydaorsh isk ;ekg
jeh nj i`oykaf' fuf,i foK jeh ksid t;eka isg fndamd,
.%duh foK.uqj njg m;a jQ nj;a mqrdjD;a; wkqj ;SrKh fjhs'
j;udkfha o oshqKq idys;Hhlg
u. fy<s l< oUfoKs hq.h jkg ydria:dkhla iy oHdiaa:dkhla
jYfhka f ia:dkh oshqKq ;;ajhl mj;skakg we;ehs is;sh yel' fufia
uy.= b;sydihlg Wreul lS f mqKH N+h oUfoKs hq.fha miq Ou
Ydia;%df,dalfhka l%ufhka ySkjkakg mgka .;af;a h' th kej;
m%;sIaGdmkh l<hq;= nj lreKq lsysmhla ksid uekka wjfndaO lr.;a
foK.uqj j,f
iQ
ioa.=Kj;a
ks;s{
ta''weia'chiqkaor
nKavdr;=ukaf.a m%Odk;ajfhka u,shfoaj wryka; uyd ydrh kka
tjlg m%isoaO f ydria:dkfhys ls%'j 1909 oS m%n, ix.uhla msysgqjd
j;af;a.u iqkdNsOdk kd yshka jykafiaf.a ueo.u isrs
.=Kr;kdNsOdk kdhl udyshka jykafia jia iSu i`oyd jevu lrjd
.kakd ,oy' l%ufhka ydria:dkh oshqKqj;a u uq,sl woyia wkqj
mE,shf.dv oHd,xldr mrsfjKdm;s r;au,dfka ;s%msgl jd.SYajr Ou

lS;s OurdudNsOdk fld<U y,dj; foosidf m%Odk ix>kdhl

iajdJhka jykafiaf.a m%Odk;ajfhka fnda.=ma; l=udrhdf.a ku
isyslsu i`oyd fnda.=ma; kka f msrsfjK ls%'j'1912 Tlaf;dan 30
fjks osk wdrN lrk ,os' ;j;a merKs jd;djl i`oyka jkafka
msfjfka oshqKqj msKsi fYaIdNs,difhka ls%hd l<d jq nKavdr ;=ukaf.a
uEKshka jk fnda.=ma; l=udrsyd isysu msKsi fnda.=ma; hk ku
;enQ njhs'
mdrf fj;dNsOdk kdhl iajdJhka jykafiaf.a
wd.ukfhka miq hq.h msrsfjfka iajKuh hq.h f,i ie<lsh yelsh'
1925 cQ,s 04 osk foK.uqj msrsfjKg meKs tys lghq;= Ndr .ekSug
mdrf fj; yshkag ish' fuys jevu lrk g uq ia:dkhu
md iajNdjhla f.k ;snQ nj i`oyka f' fkdmiqniakd W;aiyh iy
wIaGdkYs,S .=Kfhka hq;a mdrf fj; ysfhda msrsfjK ms<sn`o j
,shq jd;djl ^1926-1927& fufia i`oyka lr;s' uu fuys m%Odkdpdh
OQrhg 1925 cq,s 05 osk m;a h' ud mefKk g fuys YsIH ixLHdj
b;d wvqj mej;s kuq;a uf.a meKSfuka miq l%ufhkau th tla muKlska
oshqKqu uf.a ffOhHhg fya;= h' oekg fuys YsIH ixLHdj 42 is;s'
Tjqkaf.ka 29 fofkla meos YsIHfhda o" 13 fofkla .sys YsIHfhda o fj;s'
YsIH ixLHdf jOkh;a iu. j,j mej;s YsIH ksjdi wdoS
m%;sixialrKh lsug kj YsIH ksjdi" ix>dru" odk Yd,dj"
mqia;ld,h" ffp;Hh" ydrh" OuYd,dj wdosh boslsrsfuys hqyqiq jQy'
1924 jIfha wdKajqf wdOdr ,nk msrsfjka
ixLHdjg we;=<;a
msrsfjKla njg m;a jQ fuys m%dk NdId ud,djg nqoaO Ouh" md,s"
ixialD;" isxy," jHdlrK" cfda,xldr"ffjoH" fcHd;sIH" ,xld
b;sydih" .Ks;h" mqiafld< ,su Ihhka W.kajd ;sfuka Wiia
wOHdmkhla YsIHhkag ,ndka nj fmfkhs' by; Ihka ms,sn`o j
fj; yshka ;=< ukd wjfndaOhla ;snQ nj meyeos,sh'
Wkajykafiaf.a fiajh msfjKg mukla iSud fkdjQ w;r Ydia;S%h"
wOHdmksl yd wd.l fiajd fuf;lehs m%udK l< fkdyelsh' tu
fiajdjka w;r fyajdosfj," fmd,amsh" foK.uqj" wdoS fn!oaO mkai,a
msysgqfuys mqfrda.d u o" O Ialr m%foaYj, ydria:dk msysgqjd
iajlSh YsIHjrhka ta i`oyd fhduq lsrSu o i`oyka l< hq;= h' .f,afj,
lkdok fj; msfjK weru o foK.uqf oy mdi, weru o"
tu fiajdjka w;r iqfYaIS fjhs' Wkajykafiaf.a Wodr fiajhg Wmydr
jYfhka u,aj;= uyd ydrsh ix> iNdj u.ska 1942 jIfha OulS;s
r;kmd,dNsOdk f.!rj Wmd kduh iys;j oUfoKs y;am;a;=f
oaj;Sl ix>kdhl moh Wkajykafia fj; m%odkh lrk ,os'

wm kdyshka ;=< mej;s wmrs; lemu ksid u oek W.;a"

is,aj;a YsIH mrmqrla ys jQy' fmd,a.yfj," foK.uqj fnda.=ma;
msfjka kduh uq`M ,laosju m;< h' wE; m%foaYj, iQ iajdka
jykafia,d ;u YsIHhka fuu msfjKg we;=<;a l<y' fuhska ys jQ
Yd, .sys meos W.;a msrsila jQy' furg muKla fkdj foaY
foaYdka;rj, mjd isk Yd, msila foK.uqj msfjfka YsIHfhda jQy'
fndfyda msrsila wo jkg fuf,dj yer f.dia ish o ;j;a Yd,
msila is;s' jir 52la ;r oS> Wodr fiajhla is l< wm kd ysfhda
1977 cQ,s 08 osk wmj;a jQy'
mdrf fj;dNsOdk kdhl iajdJhka jykafiaf.a
wmj;afuka miq ;;a mfjKia:dkfhys ydrdm;shg yd
lD;Hdld OQrhg m;a jQfha udok u,ls;a;s f,dl=yduqrejka
jykafiah' foK.uqj fnda.=ma; msfjKska uQ,sl wOHdmkh o
ud,s.dlkao foHdaoh msfjKska Wiia wOHdmkh o ,enQy' miqj
flfi,aj;a;" mk,sh wdoS ydria:dkj, Ndrldrhg m;a wm ysfhda
ta jk g;a wx. imQK ydria:dkhla yd mfjKia:dkhla njg;a
osjhsfka lS;su;a oHia:dkhla njg m;aj ;snQ fuys lghq;= boshg
mj;ajdf.k hEf j.lSu uekka wjfndaO lrf.k ls%hd l<y' tjlg
mfjKdm;s OQrh fyn jQ .re yqx.fmd, isr;k yshka we;=`M
wdpdh uKav,fha iydh Wkajykafiag fkdjvqj ys h' yqx.fmd,
isr;k yshka 1989 jIfha msfjKska bj;aj .sh w;r tu ;k;=rg
m;a jQfha ;u YsIH .re yemkak, m[a[df,dal yshka h'
Wkajykafiaf.a wd.ukh miqj udok u,ls;a;s yshkag lghq;= iEu
w;ska u myiq lrkakg h'
udok u,ls;a;s f,dl= yduqrejka jykafia 1994-10-30 osk wmj;a
jQy' udok u,ls;a;s f,dl= yduqrejka jykafiaf.a wmj;a fuka miq
;;a ydrdm;shg yd lD;Hdld OQrhg m;a jQfha .re
oshfl<skdj, fOxlr yshka h' Wkajykafia 1950 ud;= 21 osk meos
ug we;=<;a jQy' foK.uqj fnda.=ma; msfjKska uQ,sl wOHdmkh
o" foHdaoh msfjKska Wiia wOHdmkh o" ,enQ fOxlr ysfhda miqj
.f,afj, lkdok foajreCLdrdufhys jev jika oel=l`M
ydria:dkhla njg m;a lrka tu m%foaYfha ldf.;a ys;a oskdf.k
lghq;= l<y' fmd,a.yfj, YdikdrCIl n,uKav,fha iNdm;sFjh"
idu.%s ix> iNdf iNdm;sFjh wdoS ;k;=re m%Odk fjhs' Wkajykafiaf.a
Wodr Ydiksl fiajh w.h lrka 2005 jIfhaoS u,aj;= uyd ydrh
u`.ska oUfoKs y;am;a;=f Wmm%Odk ix>kdhl moh mskuk ,os'
merKs wdjdi f.h fjkqjg oel=l`M fouy,a wdjdi f.h boslsu"

fndau`Mj yd ffp;H jgd m%dldrh boslsu wdoS lghq;= is l< w;r

merKs odk Yd,dj fjkqjg kj odk Yd,djla boslsrSug lghq;= wdrN
l<y' ta w;r yosisfha 2010 cQ,s 15 osk Wkajykafiaf.a wmj;au
Ydiksl jYfhka is jQ n,j;a mdvqjls'
.re oshfl<skdj, fOxlr kd yshkaf.a wmj;a fuka miq
ydrdm;shg m;a jQfha j;udk mfjKdm;s Ydia;%m;s
yemkak, m[a[df,dal yshka h' fmd,a.yfj, yemkak, k
.f Wm; ,enQ Wkajykafia 1973-10-01 osk meos ug we;=<;a 1983
cqks 03 osk u,aj;=uyd ydrfhka Wmimodj ,enQy' foK.uqj
fnda.=ma; msfjKska uQ,sl wOHdmkh o" wkqrdOmqr nqoaOYaY%djl Ou
mSGfhka Wiia wOHdmkh ,nd ;s%msglfoS Wmdh yd le<Ksh
YajoHd,fhka Ydia;%m;s Wmdh o ,nd .;ay' foK.uqj
fnda.=ma; msfjfka .=rejrfhl= jYfhka o lghq;= lrk Wkajykafia
1989 jIfha isg mfjKdm;s OQrh o" fj; oy mdif,a
m%Odkdpdh Oqrh o" orka odhl ldrldoSkaf.a ish lghq;=j, oS
kdyshka fjkqfjka j.lS orka lghq;= lr ish yelshdjka oyd
olajka tlS ;k;=rg ;u iqiqlu yd yelshdj uekka m%lg l<y'
Wkajykafia tlS ;k;=rg m;aj lsisfjl=g jir .Kklska jqjo l<
fkdyels fndfyda lghq;= jir folla jeks fl ld,hla ;=< is l<y'
ta w;r ydria:dkhg msfik ia:dkfha jdy,alv boslsu" jev
w;ru. kj;d ;snQ odk Yd,df lghq;= ksud lsu" oefia wn,kaj
mej;s YsIH fkajdisld.dr w;ajehd lsu yd ydrg msfik mfm<
iEoSu wdoS lghq;= islrka ;uka jykafiag reoaO jQ ieug ksy`v
ms<s;=re iemhQy' Wkajykafia iuia; ,xld iduksiqrejrfhl= f,i o
lghq;= lr;s' j;udkfha oS fuys mfjKdm;s OQrh fuka u
ydrdm;sOQrh o fydnj;s' lD;Hdld mofha nqoaOrC; yshka
we;=`M wdpdh uKav,fha YsIH msrsif.a fukau odhl ldrldos ieuf.a
wdorh yd f.!rjh oskd .kska Wkajykafia islrkq ,nk wOHdmksl"
wd.l" ixialD;sl fiajdj w.h lrk w;r msfjKg ishhla .;fjoaoS
;jrg;a ta W;= fufyjr is lsu msKsi Wkajykafiag f;rejkaf.a
wdYsjdoh m%d:kd lr iskafkuq'