2

(Routing)
(Router)

(.. Ethernet)

(OSI 3)
/

 IP
()
1.

2. ,


TTL

4.

Forwarding Process
3.

(IP Forwarding Table)

Routing WAN

 /
;

+
+


-
-

+

+
-
- CPU, ,
-

: .

 : (shortest paths)
B

(source)

50
100

20
100

20
80

Source

30
80
20

10

20

10
10

10

10

20

30
10

IP

 Distance Vector
vs. Link State

=


,
,

Dijkstra
Bellman-Ford

;

(Distance Vector)

(Link State)

:
RIP, EIGRP,
BGP

:
OSPF, IS-IS,
IDPR

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

routing tables routers

route

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

TCP
distance vector

keep-alive

 RIP
, routing table , router,

.
, RIP
(link)
router RIP ,
(router),
( ) ,

n

n,
RIP router o

 RIP

 RIP
Tr

router l
t router
, ,
,
RIP
t 30 seconds
router
. n,

Send
routers
Receive ( +1=)

, ,

14

 ;
/
LANs

LAN Internet
LAN (segments)

WLAN LAN
15

 LANs:
Hub ()
hub /

LAN

/
hub,
hub

IP

IP

LLC

LLC

802.3 MAC

Hub

Hub

802.3 MAC

16

 LANs:
switch ()
switch

/,


,
switch





(bridges)
17

Ethernet Hubs vs. Ethernet

Switches
Ethernet switch:

(buffering)
(collisions)

(collision domain)
Ethernet Hub buffering:

Hub

Switch
CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD

HighSpeed
Backplane

CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD

Input
Buffers

Output
Buffers

18

18

 LANs:
router ()
routers (Layer 3)
IP
IP

IP network

IP network

IP network

Host

Router

Host

Router

Application

Application

TCP

TCP

IP
Network
Access

Host

IP

IP protocol
Data
Link

Network
Access

IP

IP protocol
Network
Access

Router

Data
Link

Network
Access

IP protocol

Network
Access

Router

Data
Link

IP
Network
Access

Host

19