Ôn Thi QG 2016 - Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Full

Cu 45: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Cc cht CH3NH2, C2H5OH, NaHCO3 u c kh nng phn ng vi HCOOH. (b) Phn ng th
brom vo vng benzen ca phenol (C6H5OH) d hn ca benzen.
(c) Oxi ha khng hon ton etilen l phng php hin i sn xut anehit axetic. (d) Phenol
(C6H5OH) tan t trong etanol.
Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 46: Cacbohirat no sau y thuc loi isaccarit?
A. Amiloz.
B. Saccaroz.
C. Glucoz.
D. Xenluloz.
(a) Hiro ha hon ton glucoz to ra axit gluconic.
(b) iu kin thng, glucoz v saccaroz u l nhng cht rn, d tan trong nc.
(c) Xenluloz trinitrat l nguyn liu sn xut t nhn to v ch to thuc sng khng khi. (d)
Amilopectin trong tinh bt ch c cc lin kt -1,4-glicozit.
(e) Sacaroz b ha en trong H2SO4 c.
(f) Trong cng nghip dc phm, saccaroz c dng pha ch thuc.
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 48: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Saccaroz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc.
B. Hiro ha hon ton glucoz (xc tc Ni, un nng) to ra sobitol.
C. Xenluloz tan tt trong nc v etanol.
D. Thy phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch H2SO4, un nng, to ra fructoz.
DNG 18: TNG HP TNH CHT CA CHT HU C
L THUYT
- Cn nm c c ch, quy tc ca cc phn ng, xc c s lng cc sn phm c th xy ra,
xc nh c sn phm chnh, sn phm ph.
- Nm tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht c bn thng gp nh phenol, anilin, axit axetic, ancol
etilic, metyl amin.
- Nm c cc phn ng vi cc tc nhn thng gp nh NaOH, HCl, qu tm, AgNO3/NH3, dung
dch Br2, H2
CU HI
Cu 1: Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht phn ng c vi
(CH3)2CO l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 2: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt
tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 3: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l:
A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na.
B. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
C. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
Cu 4: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu
c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu
c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l
A. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3.
B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. HCOOCH3.
D. HCOOCH=CH2.
- Trang 28 -
Cu 5: Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tc
dng c vi nhau l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 6: Cho glixerin trioleat (hay triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim cha ring bit: Na,
Cu(OH)2, CH3OH, dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s phn ng xy ra
l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 7: Cho iso-pentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c
l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 8: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C6H5- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng gia
phenol vi
A. H2 (Ni, nung nng).
B. dung dch NaOH.
C. Na kim loi.
D. nc Br2.
Cu 9: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z
u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm
chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH.
B. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO.
C. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH.
D. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO
Cu 10: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn
ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng
thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l:
A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3.
B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3.
C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH.
D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3.
Cu 11: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc
dng vi dung dch NaHCO3. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic.
B. anilin.
C. metyl axetat.
D. phenol.
Cu 12: Cacbohirat nht thit phi cha nhm chc ca
A. ancol.
B. anehit.
C. xeton.
D. amin.
Cu 13: Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1); tan trong nc (2); tan trong nc Svayde (3); phn
ng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4); tham gia phn ng trng bc (5); b thu phn
trong dung dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l:
A. (2), (3), (4) v (5).
B. (3), (4), (5) v (6).
C. (1), (2), (3) v (4).
D. (1), (3), (4) v (6).
Cu 14: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi
Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO.
B. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH.
C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO.
D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO.
Cu 15: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l:
A. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
B. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc).
C. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CH3CO)2O.
D. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.
Cu 16: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi
Na; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc
cu to ca X v Y ln lt l
A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5.
B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO.
C. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO.
D. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3.
Cu 17: Thu phn hon ton tinh bt trong dung dch axit v c long, thu c cht hu c X.
Cho X phn ng vi kh H2 (xc tc Ni, to), thu c cht hu c Y. Cc cht X, Y ln lt l:
A. glucoz, fructoz.
B. glucoz, etanol.
C. glucoz, saccaroz.
D. glucoz, sobitol.
- Trang 29 -
Cu 18: Kh nng phn ng th nguyn t clo bng nhm -OH ca cc cht c xp theo chiu
tng dn t tri sang phi l:
A. phenyl clorua, propyl clorua, anlyl clorua.
B. anlyl clorua, phenyl clorua, propyl clorua.
C. phenyl clorua, anlyl clorua, propyl clorua.
D. anlyl clorua, propyl clorua, phenyl clorua.
Cu 19: iu kin thch hp: cht X phn ng vi cht Y to ra anehit axetic; cht X phn
ng vi cht Z to ra ancol etylic. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C2H4, O2, H2O. B. C2H2, H2O, H2. C. C2H2, O2, H2O. D. C2H4, H2O, CO.
Cu 20: Sn phm ch yu trong hn hp thu c khi cho toluen phn ng vi brom theo t l s
mol 1:1 (c mt bt st) l
A. p-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen.
B. benzyl bromua.
C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen.
D. o-bromtoluen v m-bromtoluen.
Cu 21: un si hn hp gm propyl bromua, kali hiroxit v etanol thu c sn phm hu c l
A. propan-2-ol.
B. propin.
C. propen.
D. propan.
Cu 22: Cht X tc dng vi benzen (xt, t) to thnh etylbenzen. Cht X l
A. C2H4.
B. C2H2.
C. CH4.
D. C2H6.
Cu 23: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O. X tc dng c
vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng
bc. Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
B. CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
C. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO.
D. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3.
Cu 24: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?
A. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng).
B. Dung dch NaOH (un nng).
C. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng). D. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng).
Cu 25: Ho tan cht X vo nc thu c dung dch trong sut, ri thm tip dung dch cht Y th
thu c cht Z (lm vn c dung dch). Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. anilin, axit clohiric, phenylamoni clorua.
B. phenol, natri hiroxit, natri phenolat.
C. natri phenolat, axit clohiric, phenol. D. phenylamoni clorua, axit clohiric, anilin.
Cu 26: Cho phenol (C6H5OH) ln lt tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O v cc dung dch: NaOH, HCl, Br2,
HNO3, CH3COOH. S trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 1.
Cu 27: Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH, va tc dng c vi nc Br2?
A. CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3COOCH3.
C. CH2=CHCOOH. D. CH3CH2CH2OH.
Cu 28: Dung dch axit axetic phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y?
A. NaOH, Cu, NaCl. B. Na, NaCl, CuO. C. NaOH, Na, CaCO3. D. Na, CuO, HCl.
Cu 29: Phenol phn ng c vi dung dch no sau y?
A. NaCl.
B. HCl.
C. NaHCO3.
D. KOH.
Cu 30: Khi c chiu sng, hirocacbon no sau y tham gia phn ng th vi clo theo t l mol
1 : 1, thu c ba dn xut monoclo l ng phn cu to ca nhau?
A. neopentan.
B. pentan.
C. butan.
D. isopentan.
VN 19: TNG HP S HU C
L THUYT
- Cc em cn nm vng tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht hu c, nh cc iu kin ca phn ng,
cc quy tc sau:
+ Qui tc th vo ankan
+ Qui tc cng Maccopnhicop
- Trang 30 -
+ Qui tc tch Zaixep

+ Qui tc th vo bezen
- Mt s phn ng lm tng mch C.
15000 c
+ T 1C 2C : 2CH4
C2H2 + 3H2
CuCl , NH 4Cl ,t 0
+ T 2C 4C : 2C2H2 CH C-CH=CH2
MgO , ZnO ,t 0 c
2C2H5OH
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2O + H2
6000 c ,C
+ T 2C 6C
3C2H2
C6H6
+ Ni 2 gc ankyl : R-Cl + R -Cl + 2Na R-R + 2NaCl

- Tng mch C gn vo nhn benzen
AlCl3 ,t o
Ar-R + R-X
R-Ar-R ( orto , para )
- Chuyn ho hp cht c oxi
CuO ,t
O2 / Mn 2 ,t o
R ' OH / H 2 SO4 dac
H / OH
R-CHO
Este
R-OH
R-COOH
Ancol
o
H 2 , Ni ,t
- Mt s phn ng lm gim mch C.

+ Phn ng crckinh ankan + anken )
CuO ,t o
+ CH3COONa + NaOH
CH4 + Na2CO3
- Mt s phn ng khng lm thay i mch C.
+ Hirocacbon khng no Hirocacbon no
Ni ,t o
CnH2n+2-2a + a H2
CnH2n+2
+ Hirocacbon no thnh Hirocacbon khng no ( vng thm )
- ehiro ho (loi b hydr )
- Cc phn ng khc.
HgSO4 ,800 C
+ C2H2 + H2O
CH3CHO
+ Al4C3 + 12H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4
+ CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2.
Lu : - Trong bi tp iu ch nu dng phn ng to ra hn hp sn phm th ch ly sn phm
chnh iu ch, khng ly sn phm ph.
- Thnh phn ca kh thin nhin : CH4 (90%), cn li C2H6, C3H8, C4H10
- Kh crckinh: Hyrocacbon cha no ( C2H4, C3H6, C4H8) , ankan (CH4, C2H6, C4H10 v H2)
- Kh than : Ch yu l H2 (60%), CH4 (25%) cn li l CO, CO2, N2...
- Kh l cao : CO2, CO, O2, N2 ...
CU HI
Cl2 ( tilemol1:1), Fe ,t o
NaOHdac , du
HCl
Z
Cu 1: Cho s : C6H6
X
Y
t o cao , pcao
Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l
A. C6H5ONa, C6H5OH.
C. C6H5OH, C6H5Cl.
B. C6H4(OH)2, C6H4Cl2.
D. C6H6(OH)6, C6H6Cl6.
o
CH 3 I
CuO ,t
HONO
Y
Cu 2: Cho s phn ng: NH3
Z
X
tilemol1:1
Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l:
A. C2H5OH, HCHO.
B. C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
C. CH3OH, HCHO.
D. CH3OH, HCOOH
Cu 3: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2.
B. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO.
C. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO.
D. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH.
X + H2SO4 long Z + T
Cu 4: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C3H4O2 + NaOH X + Y;
Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l:
A. CH3CHO, HCOOH.
B. HCOONa, CH3CHO.
C. HCHO, CH3CHO.
D. HCHO, HCOOH.
- Trang 31 -
Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng:

to
HBr + C2H5OH
C2H4 + Br2
askt (1:1mol )
C2H4 + HBr
C2H6 + Br2
S phn ng to ra C2H5Br l
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Br2 ( tilemol1:1), Fe ,t o
NaOHdac
HCl
Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ho sau: Toluen X
Z
Y
t o cao , pcao
Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh gm
A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol.
B. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.
C. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen.
D. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen.
Cu 7: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat.
Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l:
A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH.
B. CH3COOH, CH3OH.
C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH.
D. C2H4, CH3COOH.
NaOH ,t o
X
Cu 8: Cho dy chuyn ho sau: Phenol phenol axetat
Y ( hp cht thm)
Hai cht X, Y trong s trn ln lt l:
A. anhirit axetic, phenol.
B. axit axetic, phenol.
C. anhirit axetic, natri phenolat.
D. axit axetic, natri phenolat.
H ,t o
KCN
Cu 9: Cho s chuyn ha:CH3CH2Cl
Y
X
Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. CH3CH2NH2, CH3CH2COOH.
B. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2CHO.
C. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COOH.
D. CH3CH2CN, CH3CH2COONH4.
o
H 2 SO4 dac ,t
HBr
Mg ,etekhan
Y
Z
Cu 10: Cho s chuyn ho: Butan-2-ol
X (anken)
Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
A. (CH3)3C-MgBr.
B. CH3-CH2-CH2 -CH2-MgBr.
C. CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3.
D. (CH3)2CH-CH2-MgBr.
Cu 11: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N. Bit:
X + NaOH Y + CH4O; Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl
Cng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt l
A. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
B. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
C. H2NCH2COOC2H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH.
D. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
Cu 12: Cho cc chuyn ho sau:
xt ,t o
Ni ,t o
Y
Sobitol
X + H2O
Y + H2
Y + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O Amoni glucozat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
xt ,t o
as,chatdiepluc
E + Z
X + G
Y
Z + H2O
X, Y v Z ln lt l:
A. tinh bt, glucoz v kh cacbonic.
B. xenluloz, glucoz v kh cacbon oxit.
C. xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic.
D. tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic.
H 2 du , Ni ,t o
NaOHdu ,t o
HCl
Z
Cu 13: Cho s chuyn ho:Triolein
X
Y
Tn ca Z l
A. axit stearic.
B. axit oleic.
C. axit panmitic.
D. axit linoleic.
CH 3OH , xt ,t o
ddBr2
O2 , xt
NaOH ,t o
CuO ,t o
Cu 14: Cho s chuyn ho: C3H6
Y Z
E
X
T
( este a chc). Tn gi ca Y l
A. glixerol.
B. propan-1,2-iol.
C. propan-2-ol.
D. propan-1,3-iol
- Trang 32 -
H 2 ,t , Pd / PbCO3
xt ,t
Z
Cu 15: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C 2 H 2
X
Y
Cao su buna-N
xt , p ,t o
Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac.
B. axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien.
C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren.
D. vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin.
H 2O , H , t o
ddBr2 , H
CuO ,t o
Cu 16: Cho s phn ng: Stiren X
Y
Z
Trong X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, m-BrC6H4CH2COOH.
B. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, m-BrC6H4COCH3.
C. C6H5CH2CH2OH, C6H5CH2CHO, C6H5CH2COOH.
D. C6H5CHOHCH3, C6H5COCH3, C6H5COCH2Br.
Cu 17: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C5H10O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na,
CH 3COOH
H 2 du , Ni ,t o
tho mn s chuyn ho sau: X
Y
Este c mi chui chn

H 2 SO4 dac
Tn ca X l
A. 2,2-imetylpropanal.
B. 3-metylbutanal.
o
C. pentanal.
o
D. 2-metylbutanal.
o
X , Ni ,t
Z , Ni ,t
M , Ni ,t
Cu 18: Cho s phn ng:CH4
Y
T
CH3COOH
(X, Z, M l cc cht v c, mi mi tn ng vi mt phng trnh phn ng). Cht T trong s trn
A. C2H5OH.
B. CH3CHO.
C. CH3OH.
D. CH3COONa.
l
H ,t
KCN
Cu 19: Cho s chuyn ha: CH3CH2Cl
Y
X
Trong s trn, X v Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2COOH.
B. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2CHO.
C. CH3CH2CN v CH3CH2OH.
D. CH3CH2NH2 v CH3CH2COOH.
HCN
trunghop
X ; X
polime Y;
Cu 20: Cho s phn ng:CHCH
dongtrunghop
polimeZ
X + CH2=CH-CH=CH2
Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?
A. T capron v cao su buna.
B. T olon v cao su buna-N.
C. T nitron v cao su buna-S.
D. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
KOH ,C2 H 5OH ,t o
C2 H 4 , xt ,t o
Br2 ( tilemol1:1),as
Cu 21: Cho dy chuyn ho sau:Benzen X
Y
Z
( trong X,Y,Z l sn phm chnh). Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l
A. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren.
B. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren.
C. 2-brom-1-phenylbenzen v stiren.
D. benzylbromua v toluen.
Cu 22: Cho phn ng: C6H5-CH=CH2 + KMnO4 C6H5-COOK + K2CO3 + MnO2 + KOH + H2O.
Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng trn l
A. 24.
B. 34.
C. 27.
D. 31.
Cu 23: Cho s phn ng:
xt ,t o
xt ,t o
( 1) X + O2
Axit cacboxylic Y1
(2) X + H2
Ancol Y2
xt ,t o
Y 3 + H2 O
(3) Y1 + Y2
Bit Y3 c cng thc phn t C6H10O2. Tn gi ca X l

A. anehit acrylic. B. anehit axetic.
C. anehit metacrylic. D. anehit propionic.
Cu 24: Cho s phn ng:
H 2O , H , t o
HCN
(1) CH3CHO
X2
X1
CO2
Mg ,etekhan
HCl
(2) C2H5Br Y1
Y2
Y3
Cc cht hu c X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3 l cc sn phm chnh. Hai cht X2, Y3 ln lt l
A. axit 2-hiroxipropanoic v axit propanoic.
B. axit axetic v axit propanoic.
C. axit axetic v ancol propylic.
D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic v ancol propylic.
- Trang 33 -
PHN HAI: L THUYT V CU HI HA V C THNG GP

VN 1: CHT LNG TNH
L THUYT
1. Cht/Ion lng tnh
- Cht/Ion lng tnh l nhng cht/ion va c kh nng nhng va c kh nng nhn proton ( H+)
- Cht/ ion lng tnh va tc dng c vi dung dch axit ( nh HCl, H2SO4 long), va tc dng
c vi dung dch baz ( nh NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2)
Lu : Cht va tc dng c vi dung dch axit, va tc dng c vi dung dch baz nhng cha
chc phi cht lng tnh nh: Al, Zn, Sn, Pb, Be
2. Cc cht lng tnh thng gp.
- Oxit nh: Al2O3, ZnO, BeO, SnO, PbO, Cr2O3.
- Hidroxit nh: Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Be(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Cr(OH)3
- Mui cha ion lng tnh nh: Mui HCO3-, HSO3-, HS-, H2PO4-
- Mui amoni ca axit yu nh: (NH4)2CO3, (NH4)2SO3, (NH4)2S, CH3COONH4
3. Cc phn ng ca cc cht lng tnh vi dd HCl, NaOH
- Gi s: X ( l Al, Cr), Y l ( Zn, Be, Sn, Pb)
a. Oxit:
* Tc dng vi HCl
X2O3 + 6HCl 2MCl3 + 3H2O
YO + 2HCl YCl2 + H2O
* Tc dng vi NaOH
X2O3 + NaOH NaXO2 + 2H2O
YO + 2NaOH Na2YO2 + H2O
b. Hidroxit lng tnh
* Tc dng vi HCl
X(OH)3 + 3HCl XCl3 + 3H2O
Y(OH)2 + 2HCl YCl2 + 2H2O
* Tc dng vi NaOH
X(OH)3 + NaOH NaXO2 + 2H2O
Y(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2YO2 + 2H2O
c. Mui cha ion lng tnh
* Tc dng vi HCl
HCO3- + H+ H2O + CO2
HSO3- + H+ H2O + SO2
HS- + H+ H2S
* Tc dng vi NaOH
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
HSO3- + OH- SO32- + H2O
HS- + OH- S2- + H2O
d. Mui ca NH4+ vi axit yu
* Tc dng vi HCl
(NH4)2RO3 + 2HCl 2NH4Cl + H2O + RO2 ( vi R l C, S)
(NH4)2S + 2HCl 2NH4Cl + H2S
* Tc dng vi NaOH
NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
Lu : Kim loi Al, Zn, Be, Sn, Pb khng phi cht lng tnh nhng cng tc ng c vi c axit v
dung dch baz
n
M + nHCl MCln + H2 ( M l kim loi Al, Zn, Be, Sn, Pb; n l ha tr ca M)
2
n
M + (4 - n)NaOH + (n 2) H2O Na4-nMO2 + H2
2
- Trang 42 -
CU HI
Cu 1: Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2. S cht trong
dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
Cu 2: Cc hp cht trong dy cht no di y u c tnh lng tnh?
A. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2.
B. Cr(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
C. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
D. Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
Cu 3: Cho dy cc cht: Cr(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, MgO, CrO3. S cht trong dy c
tnh cht lng tnh l
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 4: Dy gm cc cht va tan trong dung dch HCl, va tan trong dung dch NaOH l:
A. NaHCO3, MgO, Ca(HCO3)2.
B. NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, Al2O3.
C. NaHCO3, ZnO, Mg(OH)2.
D. Mg(OH)2, Al2O3, Ca(HCO3)2.
Cu 5: Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3. S cht trong dy c tnh cht
lng tnh l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 6: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, Al2O3, Zn, K2CO3, K2SO4. C bao
nhiu cht trong dy va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH?
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Na2SO4. S cht trong dy va phn
ng c vi dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2
VN 2: MI TRNG CA DUNG DCH MUI
L THUYT
1. Mui trung ha
- Mui trung ha to bi cation ca baz mnh v anion gc axit mnh khng b thy phn. Dung dch
thu c c mi trng trung tnh ( pH = 7)
VD: NaNO3, KCl, Na2SO4,
- Mui trung ha to bi cation ca baz mnh v anion gc axit yu b thy phn. Dung dch thu c
c mi trng baz ( pH > 7)
VD: Na2CO3, K2S
- Mui trung ha to bi cation ca baz yu v anion gc axit mnh b thy phn. Dung dch thu c
c mi trng axit ( pH < 7)
VD: NH4Cl, CuSO4, AlCl3
- Mui trung ha to bi cation ca baz yu v anion gc axit yu b thy phn ( c hai b thy phn).
Ty thuc vo thy phn ca hai ion m dung dch c pH = 7 hoc pH > 7 hoc pH < 7
VD: (NH4)2CO3, (NH4)2S
2. Mui axit
- Mui HSO4- c mi trng axit ( pH < 7) VD: NaHSO4
- Mui HCO3-, HSO3-, HS- vi cation baz mnh c mi trng baz VD: NaHCO3,
CU HI
Cu 1: Trong s cc dung dch: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa, nhng
dung dch c pH > 7 l
A. KCl, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa.
B. NH4Cl, CH3COONa, NaHSO4.
C. Na2CO3, NH4Cl, KCl.
D. Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa
Cu 2: Cho cc dung dch c cng nng : Na2CO3 (1), H2SO4 (2), HCl (3), KNO3 (4). Gi tr pH
ca cc dung dch c sp xp theo chiu tng t tri sang phi l:
A. 3, 2, 4, 1.
B. 4, 1, 2, 3.
C. 1, 2, 3, 4.
D. 2, 3, 4, 1.
- Trang 43 -
Cu 3: Dung dch no sau y c pH > 7?

A. Dung dch NaCl.
B. Dung dch Al2(SO4)3.
C. Dung dch NH4Cl.
D. Dung dch CH3COONa.
Cu 4: Trong s cc dung dch c cng nng 0,1M di y, dung dch cht no c gi tr pH
nh nht?
A. NaOH.
B. HCl.
C. H2SO4.
D. Ba(OH)2.
Cu 5: Dung dch cht no di y c mi trng kim?
A. Al(NO3)3.
B. NH4Cl.
C. HCl.
D. CH3COONa.
VN 3: CC CHT PHN NG VI NC NHIT THNG
L THUYT
1. Cc cht phn ng vi H2O nhit thng.
- Kim loi Kim + Ca, Sr, Ba tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to baz + H2
VD: Na + H2O NaOH + H2
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
n
TQ: M + n H2O M(OH)n + H2
2
- Oxit ca KLK v CaO, SrO, BaO tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to baz
VD: Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2
- Cc oxit: CO2, SO2, SO3, P2O5, N2O5, NO2 tc dng vi H2O nhit thng to axit
H2CO3
VD: CO2 + H2O
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4

N2O5 + H2O 2HNO3
3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO
4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4HNO3
- Cc kh HCl, HBr, HI, H2S khng c tnh axit, khi ha tan vo nc s to dung dch axit tng ng.
NH4+ + OH-.
- Kh NH3 tc dng vi H2O rt yu: NH3 + H2O
- Mt s mui ca cation Al3+, Zn2+, Fe3+ vi anion gc axit yu nh CO32-, HCO3-, SO32-, HSO3-, S2-,
HS- b thy phn to baz + axit tng ng.
VD: Al2S3 + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S
Fe2(CO3)3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2
2. Tc dng vi H2O nhit cao.
- nhit cao, kh nng phn ng ca cc cht vi H2O cao hn, nhng cc em ch mt s phn
dunnong
ng sau:
Mg + 2H2O
Mg(OH)2 + H2
o
570 C
3Fe + 4H2O
Fe3O4 + 4H2
nungdothan
C + H2O CO + H2
570 C
Fe + H2O
FeO + H2
nungdothan
C + 2H2O CO2 + 2H2
CU HI
Cu 1: Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng nhau. Cho
hn hp X vo H2O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl2.
B. NaCl, NaOH.
C. NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2.
D. NaCl.
Cu 2: Cho dy cc oxit sau: SO2, NO2, NO, SO3, CrO3, P2O5, CO, N2O5, N2O. S oxit trong dy tc
dng c vi H2O iu kin thng l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 8.
D. 7.
Cu 3: Khi ha tan hon ton m gam mi kim loi vo nc d, t kim loi no sau y thu c th
tch kh H2 (cng iu kin nhit v p sut) l nh nht?
A. K.
B. Na.
C. Li.
D. Ca.
- Trang 44 -
VN 4: NC CNG
L THUYT
1. Khi nim
- Nc cng l nc cha nhiu cation Ca2+ v Mg2+
- Nc mm l nc cha t hoc khng cha cation Ca2+ v Mg2+
2. Phn loi
- Da vo c anion trong nc cng ta chia 3 loi:
a. Nc cng tm thi l nc cng cha ion HCO3- ( dng mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 )
- nc cng tm thi un nng s lm mt tnh cng ca nc
b. Nc cng vnh cu l nc cng cha ion Cl-, SO42- ( dng mui CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, v MgSO4)
- nc cng vnh cu un nng s khng lm mt tnh cng ca nc
c. Nc cng ton phn l nc cng cha c anion HCO3- ln Cl-, SO42-.
- nc cng ton phn un nng s lm gim tnh cng ca nc
3. Tc hi
- Lm hng cc thit b ni hi, ng dn nc
- Lm gim mi v thc n
- Lm mt tc dng ca x phng
4. Phng php lm mm
a. Phng php kt ta.
- i vi mi loi nc cng ta dng Na2CO3 hoc Na3PO4 lm mm nc
M2+ + CO32- MCO3
2M2+ + 2PO43- M3(PO4)2
- i vi nc cng tm thi, ngoi phng php dng Na2CO3, Na3PO4 ta c th dng thm NaOH
hoc Ca(OH)2 va , hoc l un nng.
+ Dng NaOH va .
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O
Mg(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH MgCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O
+ Dng Ca(OH)2 va
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 MgCO3 + CaCO3 + 2H2O
+ un si nc, phn hy Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 to thnh mui cacbonat khng tan.
lng gn b k ta c nc mm.
to
Ca(HCO3)2
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
to
Mg(HCO3)2
MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O
CU HI
Cu 1: Mt mu nc cng cha cc ion: Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-. Cht c dng lm
mm mu nc cng trn l
A. NaHCO3.
B. Na2CO3.
C. HCl.
D. H2SO4.
Cu 2: Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l
A. Na2CO3 v HCl.
B. Na2CO3 v Na3PO4.
C. Na2CO3 v Ca(OH)2.
D. NaCl v Ca(OH)2.
Cu 3: Mt cc nc c cha cc ion: Na+ 0,02 mol), Mg2+0,02 mol), Ca2+ 0,04 mol), Cl 0,02 mol),
HCO3 0,10 mol) v SO42 0,01 mol). un si cc nc trn cho n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton th nc cn li trong cc
A. l nc mm.
B. c tnh cng vnh cu.
C. c tnh cng ton phn.
D. c tnh cng tm thi.
- Trang 45 -
Cu 4: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:

A. HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3.
B. KCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
C. NaOH, Na3PO4, Na2CO3.
D. HCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
Cu 5: Mt loi nc cng khi un si th mt tnh cng. Trong loi nc cng ny c ha tan nhng hp
cht no sau y?
A. Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2.
B. Ca(HCO3)2, MgCl2.
C. CaSO4, MgCl2.
D. Mg(HCO3)2, CaCl2.
VN 5: N MN KIM LOI
L THUYT
1. n mn kim loi: l s ph hy kim loi do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng
- n mn kim loi c 2 dng chnh: n mn ha hc v n mn in ha.
2. n mn ha hc: l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc tip
n cc cht trong mi trng.
- n mn ha hc thng xy ra nhng b phn ca thit b l t hoc nhng thit b thng xuyn
phi tip xc v hi nc v kh oxi
Kinh nghim: nhn bit n mn ha hc, ta thy n mn kim loi m khng thy xut hin cp kim loi
hay cp KL-C th l n mn kim loi.
3. n mn in ha: l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung dch
cht in li v to nn ong electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng.
- iu kin xy ra n mn in ha: phi tha mn ng thi 3 iu sau
+ Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht
+ Cc nh cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau qua dy dn
+ Cc in cc cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li
- n mn in ha thng xy ra khi cp kim loi ( hoc hp kim) ngoi khng kh m, hoc nhng
trong dung dch axit, dung dch mui, trong nc khng nguyn cht
4. Cc bin php chng n mn kim loi.
a. Phng php bo v b mt
- Ph ln b mt kim loi mt lp sn, du m, cht do
- Lau chi, ni kh do thong
b. Phng php in ha
- dng mt kim loi l vt hi sinh bo v vt liu kim loi.
VD: bo v v tu bin bng thp, ngi ta gn cc l Zn vo pha ngoi v tu phn chm trong
nc bin ( nc bin l dung dch cht in li). Km b n mn, v tu c bo v.
CU HI
Cu 1: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo mi
dung dch mt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 2: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau: Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn; Fe v Sn;
Fe v Ni. Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b ph hu
trc l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 3.
2+
Cu 3: Bit rng ion Pb trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi Pb v Sn
c ni vi nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
A. ch c Pb b n mn in ho.
B. ch c Sn b n mn in ho.
C. c Pb v Sn u khng b n mn in ho.
D. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho.
- Trang 46 -
Cu 4: Mt pin in ho c in cc Zn nhng trong dung dch ZnSO4 v in cc Cu nhng trong

dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian pin phng in th khi lng
A. in cc Zn gim cn khi lng in cc Cu tng.
B. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u tng.
C. in cc Zn tng cn khi lng in cc Cu gim.
D. c hai in cc Zn v Cu u gim.
Cu 5: Tin hnh bn th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch FeCl3;
- Th nghim 2: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO4;
- Th nghim 3: Nhng thanh Cu vo dung dch FeCl3;
- Th nghim 4: Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch HCl. S trng hp xut
hin n mn in ho l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 6: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung
dch cht in li th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A. I, II v IV.
B. I, III v IV.
C. I, II v III.
D. II, III v IV.
Cu 7: C cc th nghim sau:
(I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom.
(III) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven.
(IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 8: C 4 dung dch ring bit: CuSO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AgNO3. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh
Ni. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 9: Nu vt lm bng hp kim Fe-Zn b n mn in ho th trong qu trnh n mn
A. km ng vai tr catot v b oxi ha.
B. st ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
C. st ng vai tr catot v ion H+ b oxi ha.
D. km ng vai tr anot v b oxi ho.
Cu 10: Trng hp no sau y xy ra n mn in ho?
A. Si dy bc nhng trong dung dch HNO3.
B. t l st trong kh Cl2.
C. Thanh nhm nhng trong dung dch H2SO4 long.
D. Thanh km nhng trong dung dch CuSO4.
Cu 11: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(a) Cho l Fe vo dung dch gm CuSO4 v H2SO4 long; (b) t dy Fe trong bnh ng kh O2;
(c) Cho l Cu vo dung dch gm Fe(NO3)3 v HNO3;
(d) Cho l Zn vo dung dch HCl.
S th nghim c xy ra n mn in ha l
A. 1.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 12: Trng hp no sau y, kim loi b n mn in ha hc?
A. Kim loi st trong dung dch HNO3 long.
B. Thp cacbon trong khng kh m.
C. t dy st trong kh oxi kh.
D. Kim loi km trong dung dch HCl.
- Trang 47 -
VN 6: PHN NG NHIT PHN

L THUYT
1. Nhit phn mui nitrat
- Tt c cc mui nitrat u b nhit phn to sn phm X + O2
a. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi K, Ba,Ca, Na( kim loi tan) th sn phm X l mui nitrit
( NO2-)
to
VD: 2NaNO3
2NaNO2 + O2
to
2KNO3
2KNO2 + O2
b. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi Mg Cu th sn phm X l oxit + NO2
to
VD: 2Cu(NO3)2
2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
3
to
2Fe(NO3)3
Fe2O3 + 6NO2 + O2
2
Lu : nhit phn mui Fe(NO3)2 thu c Fe2O3 ( khng to ra FeO )
to
2Fe(NO3)2
Fe2O3 + 4NO2 + O2
c. Nhit phn mui nitrat ca kim loi sau Cu th sn phm X l KL + NO2
to
VD: 2AgNO3
2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
2. Nhit phn mui cacbonat ( CO32- )
- Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim khng b phn hy nh Na2CO3, K2CO3
- Mui cacbonat ca kim loi khc trc Cu b nhit phn thnh oxit + CO2
to
VD: CaCO3
CaO + CO2
to
MgCO3
MgO + CO2
- Mui cacbonat ca kim loi sau Cu b nhit phn thnh KL + O2 + CO2
to
VD: Ag2CO3
2Ag + O2 + CO2
o
t
- Mui (NH4)2CO3
2NH3 + CO2 + H2O
3. Nhit phn mui hidrocacbonat ( HCO3-)
- Tt c cc mui hidrocacbonat u b nhit phn.
- Khi un nng dung dch mui hidrocacbonat:
to
Hidrocacbonat
Cacbonat trung ha + CO2 + H2O
to
VD: 2NaHCO3
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
to
Ca(HCO3)2
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
- Nu nhit phn hon ton mui hidrocacbonat
to
+ Mui hidrocacbonat ca kim loi kim
Cacbonat trung ha + CO2 + H2O
to
VD: 2NaHCO3
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
to
+ Mui hidrocacbonat ca kim loi khc
Oxit kim loi + CO2 + H2O
t o , hontoan
VD: Ca(HCO3)2 CaO + 2CO2 + H2O
3. Nhit phn mui amoni
to
- Mui amoni ca gc axit khng c tnh oxi ha
Axit + NH3
to
VD: NH4Cl
NH3 + HCl
to
(NH4)2CO3
2NH3 + H2O + CO2
to
- Mui amoni ca gc axit c tnh oxi ha
N2 hoc N2O + H2O
to
VD: NH4NO3
N2O + 2H2O
to
NH4NO2
N2 + 2H2O
to
(NH4)2Cr2O7
Cr2O3 + N2 + 2H2O
- Trang 48 -
4. Nhit phn baz

- Baz tan nh NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 khng b nhit phn hy.
- Baz khng tan nhit phn to oxit + H2O
to
VD: 2Al(OH)3
Al2O3 + 3H2O
to
Cu(OH)2
CuO + H2O
o
t , khngcokhongkhi
Lu : Fe(OH)2
FeO + H2O
to
2Fe(OH)2 + O2
Fe2O3 + 2H2O
CU HI
Cu 1: Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO3)2, Fe(OH)3 v FeCO3 trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i, thu c mt cht rn l
A. Fe3O4.
B. FeO.
C. Fe2O3.
D. Fe.
Cu 2: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l
to
to
N2 + 2H2O
NaOH + CO2
A. NH4NO2
B. NaHCO3
to
to
2KNO2 + O2
NH3 + HCl
B. 2KNO3
C. NH4Cl
Cu 3: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui tng
ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai mui X, Y
ln lt l:
A. KMnO4, NaNO3. B. Cu(NO3)2, NaNO3. C. CaCO3, NaNO3. D. NaNO3, KNO3.
Cu 4: Sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn hon ton AgNO3 l:
A. Ag, NO2, O2.
B. Ag2O, NO, O2.
C. Ag, NO, O2.
D. Ag2O, NO2, O2.
VN 7: PHN NG IN PHN
L THUYT
I. in phn nng chy
- Thng in phn mui clorua ca kim loi mnh, baz ca kim loi kim, hoc oxit nhm
n
dpnc
+ Mui halogen: RCln
R + Cl2 ( R l kim loi kim, kim th)
2
dpnc
+ Baz: 2MOH
2M + O2 + H2O
dpnc
4Al + 3O2
+ Oxit nhm: 2Al2O3
II. in phn dung dch.
1. Mui ca kim loi tan
- in phn dung dch mui halogenua ( gc Cl, -Br ) c mng ngn, to baz + halogen + H2
dpdd
VD: 2NaCl + H2O
2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
comangngan
- in phn dung dch mui halogen nu khng c mng ngn, Cl2 sinh ra phn ng vi dung dch kim
to nc giaven.
dpdd
VD: 2NaCl + H2O
NaCl + NaClO + H2
khongmangngan
2. Mui ca kim loi trung bnh yu: khi in phn dung dch sinh kim loi
a. Nu mui cha gc halogenua ( gc Cl, - Br ): Sn phm l KL + phi kim
dpdd
Cu + Cl2
VD: CuCl2
b. Nu mui cha gc c oxi: Sn phm l KL + Axit + O2
dpdd
VD: 2Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O
2Cu + 4HNO3 + O2
dpdd
2CuSO4 + 2H2O
2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2
3. Mui ca kim loi tan vi gc axit c oxi, axit c oxi, baz tan nh NaNO3, NaOH, H2SO4
dpdd
2H2 + O2
- Coi nc b in phn:
2H2O
- Trang 49 -
CU HI
Cu 1: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn
xp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l
(bit ion SO42 khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a.
B. b = 2a.
C. b < 2a.
D. 2b = a.
Cu 2: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A. s oxi ho ion Cl-. B. s oxi ho ion Na+. C. s kh ion Cl-. D. s kh ion Na+.
Cu 3: Phn ng in phn dung dch CuCl2 (vi in cc tr) v phn ng n mn in ho xy ra khi
nhng hp kim Zn-Cu vo dung dch HCl c c im l:
A. Phn ng cc m c s tham gia ca kim loi hoc ion kim loi.
B. Phn ng cc dng u l s oxi ho Cl.
C. u sinh ra Cu cc m.
D. Phn ng xy ra lun km theo s pht sinh dng in.
Cu 4: C cc pht biu sau:
1
Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
2
Ion Fe3+ c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d5.

Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo.
4
Phn chua c cng thc l Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Cc pht biu ng l:
A. 1, 3, 4.
B. 2, 3, 4.
C. 1, 2, 4.
D. 1, 2, 3.
Cu 5: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot bng ng (anot tan) v in phn dung dch CuSO4
vi anot bng graphit (in cc tr) u c c im chung l
A. anot xy ra s oxi ho: Cu Cu2+ + 2e.
3
B. catot xy ra s kh: Cu2+ + 2e Cu.

C. catot xy ra s oxi ho: 2H2O + 2e 2OH + H2.
D. anot xy ra s kh: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e.
Cu 6: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng ngn xp)
th
A. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl .
2
B. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ho H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl .

C. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na+ v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl .
D. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Na+ v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl .
Cu 7: in phn dung dch gm NaCl v HCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Trong qu trnh in
phn, so vi dung dch ban u, gi tr pH ca dung dch thu c
A. tng ln. B. khng thay i.
C. gim xung.
D. tng ln sau gim xung.
VN 8: PHN NG NHIT LUYN
L THUYT
1. Khi nim
- L phn ng iu ch kim loi bng cc kh cc oxit kim loi nhit cao bng H2, CO, Al, C
2. Phn ng
CO
CO2
(1)
toC
H2
+ KL-O KL
+
H2O
(2)
Al
Al2O3
(3)
C
hh CO, CO2 (4)
- Trang 50 -
iu kin:
- KL phi ng sau Al trong dy hot in ha ( ring CO, H2 khng kh c ZnO)
K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe....
Vd:
CuO + CO Cu + CO2
MgO + CO khng xy ra.
- Ring phn ng (3) gi l phn ng nhit nhm ( phn ng ca Al vi oxit KL sau n nhit cao)
CU HI
Cu 1: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao.
Sau phn ng hn hp rn cn li l:
A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. D. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
Cu 2: Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng.
B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng.
D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c, nng.
Cu 3: Dy gm cc oxit u b Al kh nhit cao l:
A. FeO, MgO, CuO. B. PbO, K2O, SnO. C. Fe3O4, SnO, BaO. D. FeO, CuO, Cr2O3.
Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm X
(khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp gm
A. Al, Fe, Fe3O4 v Al2O3.
B. Al2O3, Fe v Fe3O4.
C. Al2O3 v Fe.
D. Al, Fe v Al2O3.
DNG 9: TNG HP CC TNH CHT CA MT S CHT V C THNG GP
L THUYT
I. PHN NG TO PHC CA NH3.
- NH3 c th to phc tan vi cation Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Ni2+
TQ: M(OH)n + 2nNH3 [M(NH3)2n] (OH)n vi M l Cu, Zn, Ag.
VD: CuSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4] (OH)2
VD: AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]Cl
II. PHN NG CA MUI AXIT ( HCO3-, HSO3-, HS- )
- Ion HCO3- , HSO3-, HS- c tnh lng tnh nn va tc dng vi dung dch axit, va tc dng vi
dung dch baz
HCO3- + H+ H2O + CO2
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
HCO3- + HSO4- H2O + CO2 + SO42III. PHN NG CA MUI HSO4-.
- Ion HSO4- l ion cha H ca axit mnh nn khc vi ion cha H ca axit yu nh HCO3-, HSO3-, HS
- Ion HSO4- khng c tnh lng tnh, ch c tnh axit mnh nn phn ng ging nh axit H2SO4 long.
+ Tc dng vi HCO3-, HSO3-,
HSO4- + HCO3- SO42- + H2O + CO2
+ Tc dng vi ion Ba2+, Ca2+, Pb2+
HSO4- + Ba2+ BaSO4 + H+
IV. TC DNG VI HCl
1. Kim loi: cc kim loi ng trc nguyn t H trong dy hot ng ha hc ( K, Na,Mg.Pb)
n
M + nHCl MCln + H2
2
VD: Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
- Ring Cu nu c mt oxi s c phn ng vi HCl: 2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O
2. Phi kim: khng tc dng vi HCl
3. Oxit baz v baz: tt c cc oxit baz v oxit baz u phn ng to mui ( ha tr khng i) v
H2O
- Trang 51 -
M2On + 2nHCl 2MCln + nH2O

CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O
Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
- Ring MnO2 tc dng vi HCl c theo phn ng: MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
4. Mui: tt c cc mui ca axit yu v AgNO3, Pb(NO3)2 u phn ng vi HCl
VD: CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2
AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3
FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S ( lu CuS, PbS khng phn ng vi HCl)
FeS2 + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S + S
- Ring cc mui giu oxi ca Mn, Cr tc dng vi HCl c to kh Cl2
VD: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
V. TC DNG VI NaOH.
1. Kim loi:
- Nhm 1: cc kim loi phn ng vi H2O gm KLK v Ca, Sr, Ba. Cc kim loi nhm 1 s phn ng
vi H2O trong dung dch NaOH.
n
M + H2O M(OH)n + H2
2
VD: K tc dng vi dd NaOH s xy ra phn ng: K + H2O KOH + H2
- Nhm 2: cc kim loi Al, Zn, Be,Sn, Pb tc dng vi NaOH theo phn ng
n
M + (4-n) NaOH + (n 2) H2O Na4-nMO2 + H2
2
3
VD: Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + H2
2
Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2
2. Phi kim: Cl2, Br2 phn ng vi NaOH.
- Clo phn ng vi dd NaOH nhit thng to nc giaven
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
- Clo phn ng vi dd NaOH nhit 100oC to mui clorat (ClO3-)
3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
3. Oxit lng tnh v hidroxit lng tnh: Nh Al2O3, ZnO2, BeO, PbO, SnO, Cr2O3, Al(OH)3,
Zn(OH)2, Be(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Sn(OH)2, Cr(OH)3
- Cc oxit lng tnh v hidroxit lng tnh u phn ng vi NaOH c ( vi dung dch NaOH th
Cr2O3 khng phn ng) to mui v nc
VD: Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
ZnO + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2O
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O
Cc oxit, hidroxit ca kim loi ha tr III ( Cr) phn ng ging oxit, hidroxit ca nhm
Cc oxit, hidroxit ca kim loi ha tr II ( Be, Sn, Pb) phn ng ging oxit, hidroxit ca km.
4. Oxit axit ( CO2, SO2, NO2, N2O5, P2O5, SiO2)
-phn ng 1: Tc dng vi NaOH to mui trung ha v H2O
VD: CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
- phn ng 2: tc dng vi NaOH to mui axit ( vi cc oxit axit ca axit nhiu nc)
VD: CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3
Lu : - NO2 tc dng vi NaOH to 2 mui nh sau: 2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O
- SiO2 ch phn ng c vi NaOH c, khng phn ng vi NaOH long.
- Cc oxit CO, NO l oxit trung tnh khng tc dng vi NaOH
5. Axit: tt c cc axit u phn ng ( k c axit yu)
- phn ng 1: Axit + NaOH Mui trung ha + H2O
VD: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
- Trang 52 VD:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O

- Phn ng 2: Axit nhiu nc + NaOH Mui axit + H2O
VD: H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 +H2O
6. Mui amoni v dd mui ca kim loi c baz khng tan ( nh mui Mg2+, Al3+.)
- phn ng 1: Mui amoni + NaOH Mui Na+ + NH3 + H2O
VD: NH4Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH3 + H2O
- Phn ng 2: Mui ca kim loi c baz khng tan + NaOH Mui Na+ + Baz
VD: MgCl2 + 2NaOH 2NaCl + Mg(OH)2
CU HI
Cu 1: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) ri
thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Cu 2: Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy gm cc cht
u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l:
A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4.
B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4.
C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2.
D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2.
Cu 3: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y l
A. MgSO4.
B. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3.
C. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4.
D. MgSO4 v FeSO4.
Cho
hn
hp
Fe,
Cu
phn
ng
vi
dung
dch
HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu
Cu 4:
c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO3)2.
B. HNO3.
C. Fe(NO3)2.
D. Fe(NO3)3.
Cu 5: Cho cc cht: Al, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht u phn
ng c vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH l
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 7.
Cu 6: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A. KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3.
B. Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
C. FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
D. AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS.
Cu 7: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi
dung dch AgNO3?
A. Zn, Cu, Mg.
B. Al, Fe, CuO.
C. Hg, Na, Ca.
D. Fe, Ni, Sn.
Cu 8: Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Cu 9: Cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 l:
A. CuO, Al, Mg.
B. MgO, Na, Ba.
C. Zn, Ni, Sn.
D. Zn, Cu, Fe.
Cu 10: Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau:
(a) Fe3O4 v Cu 1:1);
(b) Sn v Zn 2:1);
(c) Zn v Cu 1:1);
(d) Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu 1:1); (e) FeCl2 v Cu 2:1);
(g) FeCl3 v Cu 1:1).
S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 11: Cho hn hp X gm Fe2O3, ZnO v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch Y
v phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt ta
A. Fe(OH)3.
B. Fe(OH)3 v Zn(OH)2.
C. Fe(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 v Zn(OH)2.
D. Fe(OH)2 v Cu(OH)2.
Cu 12: Cho dy cc cht: SiO2, Cr(OH)3, CrO3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al2O3. S cht trong dy tc dng
c vi dung dch NaOH (c, nng) l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
- Trang 53 -
Cu 13: Dy gm cc cht (hoc dung dch) u phn ng c vi dung dch FeCl2 l:

A. Bt Mg, dung dch BaCl2, dung dch HNO3. B. Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2CO3, dung dch HCl.
C. Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2S, dung dch HNO3. D. Bt Mg, dung dch NaNO3, dung dch HCl.
Cu 14: Cho dy cc oxit: NO2, Cr2O3, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, SiO2, CuO. C bao nhiu oxit
trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Cu 15: Dy cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l:
A. HNO3, NaCl v Na2SO4.
B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2 v KNO3.
C. NaCl, Na2SO4 v Ca(OH)2.
D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2 v Na2SO4.
Cu 16: Dung dch H2SO4 long phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y?
A. CuO, NaCl, CuS.
B. BaCl2, Na2CO3, FeS.
C. Al2O3, Ba(OH)2, Ag.
D. FeCl3, MgO, Cu.
VN 10: CC CHT CNG TN TI TRONG MT HN HP
L THUYT
1. iu kin cng tn ti trong mt hn hp
- Cc cht cng tn ti trong hn hp trong mt iu kin cho trc khi v ch khi cc cht khng
phn ng vi nhau iu kin .
2. Cng tn ti trong hn hp kh
a. iu kin thng.
- Cc cp kh cng tn ti trong iu kin thng hay gp l
Cl2 v O2
Cl2 v CO2
Cl2 v SO3
Cl2 v O3
F2 v O2
F2 v CO2
F2 v SO3
F2 v O3
O2 v H2
O2 v CO2
O2 v SO2
O2 v N2
N2 v Cl2
N2 v HCl
N2 v F2
N2 v H2S
- Cc cp kh khng cng tn ti trong cng mt hn hp iu kin thng l
F2 v H2
Cl2 v H2
H2S v O2
NH3 v Cl2
HI v O3
NH3 v HCl
H2S v O3
NO v O2
b. iu kin un nng
- Cc cp kh khng cng tn ti trong iu kin un nng: ngoi cc cp khng tn ti iu kin
thng cn c thm
H2 v O2
SO2 v O2 ( khi c V2O5)
3. Cng tn ti trong dung dch

- Cc cp cht cng tn ti trong mt dung dch khi khng phn ng vi nhau
- Cc phn ng xy ra trong mt dung dch thng gp
a. Phn ng trao i:
* to : ( xem tnh tan ca mui)
* to : H+ + CO32-, HCO3-...
* axit baz: OH- + H+, HCO3-, HS-...
b. Phn ng oxi ha kh
* Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
* 3Fe2+ + NO3- + 4H+ 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
3+
2+
* 2Fe + 2I 2Fe + I2
* 2Fe3+ + 3S2- 2FeS + S
c. Phn ng thy phn.
Al3+
Fe3+
Zn2+
CO32-, HCO3SO32-, HSO3S2-, HSAlO2-, ZnO22-
+ H2O
Al(OH)3
Fe(OH)3
Zn(OH)2
VD: 2FeCl3 + 3Na2CO3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl

CU HI
Cu 1: Cc kh c th cng tn ti trong mt hn hp l
A. Cl2 v O2.
B. H2S v Cl2.
C. NH3 v HCl.
- Trang 54 -
CO2
SO2
H2S
Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2
D. HI v O3.
+ Mui
Cu 2: Dy gm cc ion (khng k n s phn li ca nc) cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l:

A. Ag+, Na+, NO3-, ClB. Al3+, NH4+, Br-, OH2+
+
23C. Mg , K , SO4 , PO4
D. H+, Fe3+, NO3-, SO42Cu 3: Hn hp kh no sau y khng tn ti nhit thng?
A. H2S v N2.
B. Cl2 v O2.
C. H2 v F2.
D. CO v O2.
Cu 4: Dy gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l:
A. Na+, K+, OH-, HCO3B. K+, Ba2+, OH-, ClC. Al3+, PO43-, Cl-, Ba2+
D. Ca2+, Cl-, Na+, CO32Cu 5: Dy gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l:
A. K+, Ba2+, Cl- v NO3B. K+, Mg2+, OH- v NO3C. Cu2+; Mg2+; H+ v OH.
D. Cl; Na+; NO- v Ag+.
VN 11: TNG HP CC HIN TNG PHN NG
L THUYT
- Cn lu trong mi chng v cht v c u c mt s hin tng, cc hin tng ny c gii
thch da vo phn ng oxi ha kh. Cc hin tng ny c ng dng lm cc bi tp nhn bit.
- Trong chng halogen c cc hin tng nh: tnh ty mu ca clo, mu kt ta ca AgX ( X l Cl, Br,
I), phn ng mu ca iot vi h tinh bt
- Trong chng oxi lu hunh c cc hin tng nh phn ng ca O3 vi Ag hoc dd KI,...
- Trong chng nit photpho c cc hin tng v cc phn ng ca HNO3, phn ng ca NH3 to
phc, hin tng ma chi
- Trong chng cacbon silic c cc hin tng v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim
- Trong phn kim loi c cc hin tng v phn ng ca NaOH vi cc dung dch mui, hin tng ca
kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui, hin tng ca phn ng ca st (III)
CU HI
Cu 1: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l
A. ch c kt ta keo trng.
B. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
C. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
Cu 2: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3.
B. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch AlCl3.
C. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
D. Thi CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
Cu 3: Cht kh X tan trong nc to ra mt dung dch lm chuyn mu qu tm thnh v c th
c dng lm cht ty mu. Kh X l
A. NH3.
B. CO2.
C. SO2.
D. O3.
Cu 4: Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HCl c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch NH3 n d
vo dung dch Y, ban u xut hin kt ta xanh, sau kt ta tan, thu c dung dch mu xanh
thm. Cht X l
A. CuO.
B. Fe.
C. FeO.
D. Cu.
Cu 5: Nh t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton
ch thu c dung dch trong sut. Cht tan trong dung dch X l
A. CuSO4.
B. AlCl3.
C. Fe(NO3)3.
D. Ca(HCO3)2.
1
Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeSO4;
2
Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuSO4;
3
Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Na2SiO3;
4
Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2;
5
Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3;
- Trang 55 -
Nh t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3.

Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s th nghim thu c kt ta l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 7: Khi cho lng d dung dch KOH vo ng nghim ng dung dch kali icromat, dung dch
trong ng nghim
A. chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
B. chuyn t mu vng sang mu .
C. chuyn t mu da cam sang mu xanh lc.
D. chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
Cu 8: Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H2SO4 vo dung dch Na2CrO4 l:
A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
C. Dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu da cam.
D. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang khng mu.
Cu 9: Mt mu kh thi c sc vo dung dch CuSO4, thy xut hin kt ta mu en. Hin
tng ny do cht no c trong kh thi gy ra?
A. H2S.
B. NO2.
C. SO2.
D. CO2.
Cu 10: Dung dch cht X khng lm i mu qu tm; dung dch cht Y lm qu tm ha xanh. Trn
ln hai dung dch trn thu c kt ta. Hai cht X v Y tng ng l
A. KNO3 v Na2CO3.
B. Ba(NO3)2 v Na2CO3.
C. Na2SO4 v BaCl2.
D. Ba(NO3)2 v K2SO4.
Cu 11: Cht no sau y khng to kt ta khi cho vo dung dch AgNO3?
A. HCl.
B. K3PO4.
C. KBr.
D. HNO3.
Cu 12: Dung dch no di y khi phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c kt ta
trng?
A. H2SO4.
B. FeCl3.
C. AlCl3.
D. Ca(HCO3)2.
VN 12. D ON CC PHN NG V C
L THUYT
- Cc phn ng thng gp trong ha v c cc em cn nh k cng thc phn ng v iu kin
tng ng l
1. Phn ng ha hp
2. Phn ng phn hy
3. Phn ng th
4. Phn ng trao i
5. Phn ng oxi ha kh
6. Phn ng axit baz
7. Phn ng thy phn
CU HI
Cu 1: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al2O3, MgO, Fe3O4, CuO thu
c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn khng tan Z. Gi s
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm
A. Mg, Fe, Cu.
B. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. C. MgO, Fe, Cu.
D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.
Cu 2: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HCl
c mui Y. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y. Kim loi M
c th l
A. Fe.
B. Al.
C. Mg.
D. Zn.
Cu 3: Cho cc phn ng sau:
to
(1) Cu(NO3)2
(2) NH4NO2
- Trang 56 -
t , Pt
(3) NH3 + O2
(4) NH3 + Cl2

to
(6) NH3 + CuO
(5) NH4Cl
Cc phn ng u to kh N2 l:
A. 1, 3, 4.
B. 1, 2, 5.
C. 2, 4, 6.
D. 3, 5, 6.
Cu 4: Cho Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long tc dng vi cht X (mt loi phn bn ha hc), thy thot
ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Mt khc, khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th c kh
mi khai thot ra. Cht X l
A. amophot.
B. ure.
C. natri nitrat.
D. amoni nitrat.
Cu 5: Hn hp rn X gm Al, Fe2O3 v Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hn hp X tan hon ton trong dung
dch
A. NH3(d).
B. NaOH (d).
C. HCl (d).
D. AgNO3 (d).
to
Kh X + H2O
H2S + O2 ( d)
o
t , Pt
NH3 + O2
Kh Y + H2O
NH4HCO3 + HCl long Kh Z + NH4Cl + H2O
Cc kh X, Y, Z thu c ln lt l:
A. SO2, NO, CO2.
B. SO3, N2, CO2.
C. SO2, N2, NH3.
to
(1) O3 + dung dch KI

(2) F2 + H2O
D. SO3, NO, NH3.
(4) Cl2 + dung dch H2S

(3) MnO2 + HCl c
Cc phn ng to ra n cht l:
A. 1, 2, 4.
B. 2, 3, 4.
C. 1, 2, 3.
D. 1, 3, 4.
Cu 8: Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng ha hc l
to
2H2O + 2SO2
A. 3O2 + 2H2S
B. FeCl2 + H2S FeS + 2HCl
C. O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2
D. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
Cu 9: Cho dy cc cht: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3. S cht trong dy tc
dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 to thnh kt ta l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 10: Cho cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH c, NH3, KCl. S dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2 l
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 11: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO3)2, dung dch HNO3 (c,
ngui). Kim loi M l
A. Al.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Ag.
Cu 12: Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO3)2, SO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, K2SO4. S cht trong dy to
thnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl2 l
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Cu 13: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1. Cho lng
d bt Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c dung dch X2 cha cht tan l
A. Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4.
B. FeSO4.
C. Fe2(SO4)3.
D. FeSO4 v H2SO4.
Cu 14: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3.
B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3.
D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
Cu 15: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?

A. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.
B. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
- Trang 57 -
C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.

D. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2.
Cu 16: Cho bn hn hp, mi hn hp gm hai cht rn c s mol bng nhau: Na2O v Al2O3; Cu
v FeCl3; BaCl2 v CuSO4; Ba v NaHCO3. S hn hp c th tan hon ton trong nc (d) ch to ra
dung dch l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 17: C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH4)2SO4, FeCl2, Cr(NO3)3,
K2CO3, Al(NO3)3. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng kt
thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 18: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A. Cu + HCl (long)
B. Cu + HCl (long) + O2
C. Cu + H2SO4 (long)
D. Cu + Pb(NO3)2 (long)
Cu 19: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt
ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO.
B. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3.
C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3.
D. Fe2O3.
Cu 20: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
1
2
(NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2
CuSO4 + Ba(NO3)2
3
4
Na2SO4 + BaCl2
H2SO4 + BaSO3
5
6
(NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2
Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(NO3)2
Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion rt gn l:
A. 1, 2, 3, 6.
B. 1, 3, 5, 6.
C. 2, 3, 4, 6.
D. 3, 4, 5, 6.
Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton mt lng bt Zn vo mt dung dch axit X. Sau phn ng thu c dung
dch Y v kh Z. Nh t t dung dch NaOH (d) vo Y, un nng thu c kh khng mu T. Axit X l
A. H2SO4 c.
B. H2SO4 long.
C. HNO3.
D. H3PO4.
Cu 22: Cho 4 dung dch: H2SO4 long, AgNO3, CuSO4, AgF. Cht khng tc dng c vi c 4
dung dch trn l
A. NH3.
B. KOH.
C. NaNO3.
D. BaCl2.
Cu 23: Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 ln lt vo cc dung dch: CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, NaOH, Na2CO3,
KHSO4, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, H2SO4, HCl. S trng hp c to ra kt ta l
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 4.
Cu 24: Ho tan hn hp gm: K2O, BaO, Al2O3, Fe3O4 vo nc (d), thu c dung dch X v
cht rn Y. Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
kt ta l
A. K2CO3.
B. BaCO3.
C. Fe(OH)3.
D. Al(OH)3.
1
2
3
4
5
Cu 25: Cho cc dung dch long: FeCl3, FeCl2, H2SO4, HNO3, hn hp gm HCl v NaNO3.
Nhng dung dch phn ng c vi kim loi Cu l:
A. 1, 3, 4.
B. 1, 4, 5.
C. 1, 2, 3.
D. 1, 3, 5.
Cu 26: Kim loi M c th c iu ch bng cch kh ion ca n trong oxit bi kh H2 nhit
cao. Mt khc, kim loi M kh c ion H+ trong dung dch axit long thnh H . Kim loi M l
2
A. Cu.
B. Fe.
C. Al.
D. Mg.
Cu 27: Kh no sau y khng b oxi ho bi nc Gia-ven?
A. SO2.
B. CO2.
C. HCHO.
D. H2S.
Cu 28: Cho hn hp X gm Cu, Ag, Fe, Al tc dng vi oxi d khi un nng c cht rn Y. Cho Y
vo dung dch HCl d, khuy k, sau ly dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long,
d. Lc ly kt ta to thnh em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Z.
Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Thnh phn ca Z gm:
- Trang 58 -
A. Fe2O3, CuO.
B. Fe2O3, CuO, Ag. C. Fe2O3, Al2O3.
D. Fe2O3, CuO, Ag2O.
Cu 29: Trong cc th nghim sau:
1
2
Cho SiO2 tc dng vi axit HF.
Cho kh SO2 tc dng vi kh H2S.
3
4
Cho kh NH3 tc dng vi CuO un nng.
Cho CaOCl2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c.
5
6
Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH.
Cho kh O3 tc dng vi Ag.
7
Cho dung dch NH4Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO2 un nng.

S th nghim to ra n cht l
A. 4.
B. 7.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Cu 30: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
1
t dy st trong kh clo.
2
t nng hn hp bt Fe v S (trong iu kin khng c oxi).
3
Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3 (long, d).
4
Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3.
5
Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, d).
C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st(II)?
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
1
Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2.
2
Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
D. 1.
Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.

Sc kh NH3 ti d vo dung dch AlCl3.
5
Sc kh CO2 ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
4
Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4.

Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta?
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
(a) Nung NH4NO3 rn.
(b) un nng NaCl tinh th vi dung dch H2SO4 (c).
(c) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch NaHCO3.
(d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d).
(e) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4.
(g) Cho dung dch KHSO4 vo dung dch NaHCO3.
(h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long).
(i) Cho Na2SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4 (d), un nng.
S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 2.
(a) Nhit phn AgNO3.
(b) Nung FeS2 trong khng kh.
(c) Nhit phn KNO3.
(d) Cho dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch NH3 (d).
(e) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO4.
(g) Cho Zn vo dung dch FeCl3 (d).
(h) Nung Ag2S trong khng kh.
(i) Cho Ba vo dung dch CuSO4 (d).
S th nghim thu c kim loi sau khi cc phn ng kt thc l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 5.
(a) H2S + SO2
(b) Na2S2O3 + dung dch H2SO4 (long)
to
(c) SiO2 + Mg
(d) Al2O3 + dung dch NaOH
tilemol1:2
(e) Ag + O3
(g) SiO2 + dung dch HF
S phn ng to ra n cht l
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 5.
Cu 35: Thc hin cc th nghim sau ( iu kin thng):
- Trang 59 -
D. 4.
(a) Cho ng kim loi vo dung dch st(III) clorua.

(b) Sc kh hiro sunfua vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.
(c) Cho dung dch bc nitrat vo dung dch st(III) clorua. (d) Cho bt lu hunh vo thy ngn.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 2
Cu 36: Cho cc th nghim sau:
(a) t kh H2S trong O2 d;
(b) Nhit phn KClO3 (xc tc MnO2);
(c) Dn kh F2 vo nc nng;
(d) t P trong O2 d;
(e) Kh NH3 chy trong O2;
(g) Dn kh CO2 vo dung dch Na2SiO3.
S th nghim to ra cht kh l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 37: Trng hp no sau y to ra kim loi?
A. t FeS2 trong oxi d.
B. Nung hn hp qung apatit, x vn v than cc trong l ng.
C. t Ag2S trong oxi d.
D. Nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v than cc trong l in.
1
2
Cho Zn vo dung dch AgNO3;
Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3;
3
4
Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4;
Dn kh CO (d) qua bt CuO nng.
Cc th nghim c to thnh kim loi l
A. 1 v 2.
B. 1 v 4.
C. 2 v 3.
D. 3 v 4.
Cu 39: Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to thnh kh X; nhit phn tinh th KNO3 to thnh
kh Y; cho tinh th KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c to thnh kh Z. Cc kh X, Y v Z ln lt l
A. SO2, O2 v Cl2.
B. H2, NO2 v Cl2. C. H2, O2 v Cl2.
D. Cl2, O2 v H2S.
Cu 40: Dung dch long (d) no sau y tc dng c vi kim loi st to thnh mui st(III)?
A. H2SO4.
B. HNO3.
C. FeCl3.
D. HCl.
Cu 41: Cho dy cc kim loi: Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ag. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi
dung dch FeCl3 l
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
(a) Cho dung dch HCl vo dung dch Fe(NO3)2.
(b) Cho FeS vo dung dch HCl.
(c) Cho Si vo dung dch NaOH c.
(d) Cho dung dch AgNO3 vo dung dch NaF.
(f) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S.
(e) Cho Si vo bnh cha kh F2.
Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 6.
D. 4.
Cu 43: Kim loi st tc dng vi dung dch no sau y to ra mui st(II)?
A. HNO3 c, nng, d.
B. CuSO4.
C. H2SO4 c, nng, d.
D. MgSO4.
Cu 44: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Trong cc
cht: NaOH, Cu, Fe(NO3)2, KMnO4, BaCl2, Cl2 v Al, s cht c kh nng phn ng c vi dung
dch X l
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 7.
(a) Cho Al vo dung dch HCl.
(b) Cho Al vo dung dch AgNO3.
(d) Cho Ag vo dung dch H2SO4 long.
(c) Cho Na vo H2O.
Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 46: Mt mu kh thi c cha CO2, NO2, N2 v SO2 c sc vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Trong
bn kh , s kh b hp th l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
- Trang 60 -
Cu 47: Ha tan mt kh X vo nc, thu c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch Y n d vo dung
dch ZnSO4, ban u thy c kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan ra. Kh X l
A. NO2.
B. HCl.
C. SO2.
D. NH3.
Cu 48: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng?
A. Au + HNO3 c
B. Ag + O3
C. Sn + HNO3 long
D. Ag + HNO3 c
(a) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch NaOH nhit thng.
(b) Cho Fe3O4 vo dung dch HCl long (d).
(c) Cho Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d).
(d) Ha tan ht hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 (c s mol bng nhau) vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d).
Trong cc th nghim trn, sau phn ng, s th nghim to ra hai mui l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 50: Kim loi Ni u phn ng c vi cc dung dch no sau y?
A. NaCl, AlCl3.
B. AgNO3, NaCl.
C. CuSO4, AgNO3. D. MgSO4, CuSO4.
VN 13: LM KH KH
L THUYT
1. Cht lm kh:
- c tc dng ht m: H2SO4 c, dd kim, CuSO4, CaCl2, CaO, P2O5
- khng tc dng vi cht cn lm kh..
2. Kh cn lm kh.
H2, CO, CO2, SO2,SO3, H2S,O2, N2, NH3, NO2,Cl2, HCl, hidrocacbon.
3. Bng tm tt.
Dd kim, CaO
H2SO4, P2O5
CaCl2 khan,CuSO4
khan
Kh
H2, CO, O2, N2, NO, NH3,
lm kh c CxHy
H2, CO2, SO2, O2, N2,

NO, NO2, Cl2, HCl, CxHy.
Kh
khng lm
kh c
NH3.
CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2,

Cl2, HCl, H2S
Tt c
Ch : vi CuSO4
khng lm kh c
H2S, NH3
Ch : H2SO4 khng lm
kh c H2S, SO3 cn
P2O5 th lm kh c
CU HI
Cu 1: C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh
A. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, H2.
B. NH3, SO2, CO, Cl2.
C. NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H2.
D. N2, Cl2, O2 , CO2, H2.
Cu 2: Cht dng lm kh kh Cl2 m l
A. CaO.
B. dung dch H2SO4 m c.
C. Na2SO3 khan.
D. dung dch NaOH c.
VN 14: DY IN HA
L THUYT
1. Cp oxi ho - kh ca kim loi
- Trang 61 -
- Nguyn t kim loi d nhng electron tr thnh ion kim loi, ngc li ion kim loi c th nhn
electron tr thnh nguyn t kim loi.
VD : Ag+ + 1e Ag
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
- Cc nguyn t kim loi (Ag, Cu, Fe,...) ng vai tr cht kh, cc ion kim loi (Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+...)
ng vai tr cht oxi ho.
- Cht oxi ho v cht kh ca cng mt nguyn t kim loi to nn cp oxi ho - kh. Th d ta c cp
oxi ho - kh : Ag+/Ag ; Cu2+/Cu ; Fe2+/Fe.
Kt lun: Ni cp oxi ha kh l ni dng oxi ha trc dng kh sau, v chng ta ghi dng oxi ha
trn dng kh.
* Tng qut:
Dng oxi ha
Dng kh.
2. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho - kh
VD: So snh tnh cht ca hai cp oxi ho - kh Cu2+/Cu v Ag+/Ag, thc nghim cho thy Cu tc dng
c vi dung dch mui Ag+ theo phng trnh ion rt gn :
Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag
So snh : Ion Cu2+ khng oxi ho c Ag, trong khi Cu kh c ion Ag+. Nh vy, ion Cu2+ c
tnh oxi ho yu hn ion Ag+. Kim loi Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag.
- so snh cp oxi ha kh ta so snh tnh oxi ha ca dng oxi ha, tnh kh ca dng kh. M chiu
phn ng oxi ha kh l cht kh mnh phn ng vi cht oxi ha mnh to cht kh v cht oxi ha
yu hn.
+ tnh oxi ha: Cu2+ < Ag+
+ tnh kh: Cu > Ag
3. Dy in ho ca kim loi
Ngi ta so snh tnh cht ca nhiu cp oxi ho - kh v sp xp thnh dy in ho ca kim loi :
Tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi tng dn
K+ Ba2+ Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ag+
K
Ba
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Ni
Sn
Pb
Cu Fe2+ Ag
Tnh kh ca kim loi gim dn

4. ngha ca dy in ho ca kim loi
ng dng 1: Xc nh th t u tin
Xc nh th t u tin phn ng ca cht kh, ca cht oxi ha.
Lu nu c hn hp nhiu cht oxi ha kh tc dng vi nhau th ta mi xt th t u tin.
Lut phn ng oxihoa kh.
Cht Mnh
Cht yu
( p trc n ht)
( p tip )
ng dng 2: Quy tc
( Quy tc dng d on phn ng)
Gi l quy tc v ta v ch l t c phn ng.
Tng qut:
Ox 1
Ox 2
Kh 1
Kh 2
=> phn ng:Ox2 + Kh1 Ox1 + Kh2 .
Dy in ho ca kim loi cho php d on chiu ca phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ho - kh theo quy tc
(anpha) : Phn ng gia 2 cp oxi ho - kh s xy ra theo chiu, cht oxi ho mnh nht s oxi ho cht
kh mnh nht, sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh yu hn.
CU HI
Cu 1: Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit trong dy in ha, cp Fe3+/Fe2+
ng trc cp Ag+/Ag):
A. Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
B. Fe3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
- Trang 62 -
C. Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+.

D. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+.
Cu 2: Cho cc phn ng xy ra sau y:
Mn + 2HCl MnCl2 + H2
AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho l
A. Mn2+, H+, Fe3+, Ag+.
B. Ag+, Fe3+, H+, Mn2+.
C. Ag+ , Mn2+, H+, Fe3+.
D. Mn2+, H+, Ag+, Fe3+.

Cu 3: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+. Cp
cht khng phn ng vi nhau l
A. Fe v dung dch FeCl3.
B. dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2.
C. Fe v dung dch CuCl2.
D. Cu v dung dch FeCl3.
Cu 4: Cho cc ion kim loi: Zn2+, Sn2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Pb2+. Th t tnh oxi ho gim dn l
A. Zn2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Pb2+.
B. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+.
C. Sn2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Pb2+ > Fe2+.
D. Pb2+ > Sn2+ > Fe2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+.
Cu 5: X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long, Y l kim loi tc dng c vi
dung dch Fe(NO ) . Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng
3 3
trc Ag+/Ag)
A. Ag, Mg.
B. Cu, Fe.
C. Fe, Cu.
D. Mg, Ag.
Cu 6: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l:
A. Fe, Cu, Ag.
B. Al, Cu, Ag.
C. Al, Fe, Cu.
D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Cu 7: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thuc dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l
A. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
B. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2.
C. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
D. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2.
Cu 8: Th t mt s cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho nh sau: Mg2+/Mg; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu;
Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Dy ch gm cc cht, ion tc dng c vi ion Fe3+ trong dung dch l:
A. Mg, Fe, Cu.
B. Mg, Fe2+, Ag.
C. Fe, Cu, Ag+.
D. Mg, Cu, Cu2+.
Cu 9: Cho bit th t t tri sang phi ca cc cp oxi ho - kh trong dy in ho (dy th in
cc chun) nh sau: Zn2+/Zn; Fe2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag. Cc kim loi v ion u phn
ng c vi ion Fe2+ trong dung dch l:
A. Zn, Ag+.
B. Zn, Cu2+.
C. Ag, Fe3+.
D. Ag, Cu2+.
Cu 10: Dy gm cc ion u oxi ha c kim loi Fe l
A. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+. B. Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+. C. Cr2+, Au3+, Fe3+. D. Cr2+, Cu2+, Ag+.
Cu 11: Cho cc phn ng sau: Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 ;AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi l:
A. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+. B. Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+. C. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+. D. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+.
Cu 12: Cho cc cp oxi ho - kh c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ho ca dng oxi ha
nh sau: Fe2+/Fe, Cu2+/Cu, Fe3+/Fe2+. Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Fe2+ oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu2+.
B. Cu2+ oxi ho c Fe2+ thnh Fe3+.
C. Fe3+ oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu2+.
D. Cu kh c Fe3+ thnh Fe.
Cu 13: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Mg vo dung dch AgNO3, khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c dung dch X (gm hai mui) v cht rn Y (gm hai kim loi). Hai mui trong X l
A. Mg(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
B. Fe(NO3)3 v Mg(NO3)2.
- Trang 63 -
C. AgNO3 v Mg(NO3)2.
D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
Cu 14: Cho dy cc ion: Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Sn2+. Trong cng iu kin, ion c tnh oxi ha mnh
nht trong dy l
A. Sn2+.
B. Cu2+.
C. Fe2+.
D. Ni2+.
Cu 15: Cho bt Fe vo dung dch gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X v hai kim
loi trong Y ln lt l:
A. Fe(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)3 v Cu; Ag.
B. Cu(NO3)2; AgNO3 v Cu; Ag.
C. Cu(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)2 v Cu; Fe.
D. Cu(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)2 v Ag; Cu.
Cu 16: Cho cc cp oxi ha - kh c sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim loi:
Al3+/Al; Fe2+/Fe; Sn2+/Sn; Cu2+/Cu. Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(a) Cho st vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.
(b) Cho ng vo dung dch nhm sunfat.
(c) Cho thic vo dung dch ng(II) sunfat.
(d) Cho thic vo dung dch st(II) sunfat.
Trong cc th nghim trn, nhng th nghim c xy ra phn ng l:
A. (a) v (b).
B. (b) v (c).
C. (a) v (c).
D. (b) v (d).
VN 15: CHT OXI HA, CHT KH - S OXI HA, S KH

L THUYT
1. Khi nim
- Cht kh l cht nhng electron
- Cht oxi ha l cht nhn electron
- S kh l qu trnh nhn electron
- S oxi ha l s nhng electron.
=> Cht v s ngc nhau.
2. Cch xc nh cht oxi ha cht kh.
- Cn nh: Kh cho tng, O nhn gim
Ngha l cht kh cho electron s oxi ha tng, cht oxi ha nhn electron s oxi ha gim.
- xc nh c cht oxi ha cht kh ng ta da vo mt s kinh nghim sau:
* Cht va c tnh oxi ha kh l nhng cht:
- c nguyn t c s oxi ha trung gian nh FeO, SO2, Cl2
- c ng thi nguyn t c soh thp v nguyn t c soh cao ( thng gp cc hp cht
ca halogen, NO3-) nh: HCl, NaCl, FeCl3, HNO3, NaNO3.
* Cht ch c tnh kh: l nhng cht ch c nguyn t c s oxi ha thp th hin tnh cht nh
H2S, NH3
* Cht ch c tnh oxi ha l nhng cht ch c nguyn t c s oxi ha cao th hin tnh cht
nh F2, O2, O3.
CU HI
Cu 1: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu.
Trong phn ng trn xy ra
A. s kh Fe2+ v s oxi ha Cu.
B. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+.
C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu.
D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+.
Cu 2: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn
ng l
A. cht xc tc.
B. cht oxi ho.
C. mi trng.
D. cht kh.
Cu 3: kh ion Cu2+ trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi
- Trang 64 -
A. Ba.
B. K.
C. Fe.
D. Na.
Cu 4: SO2 lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi
A. O2, nc Br2, dung dch KMnO4.
B. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br2.
C. dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4.
D. H2S, O2, nc Br2.
Cu 5: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d
A. kim loi Cu.
B. kim loi Ba.
C. kim loi Ag.
D. kim loi Mg.
2HCl + Fe FeCl2 + H2.
4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O.
6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2.
16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 1.
Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi ha
v tnh kh l
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 4.
+
2+
2+
3+
Cu 8: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Cl , F , SO , Na , Ca , Fe , Al , Mn2+, S2-, Cl-. S cht v ion
2
trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l

A. 5.
B. 6.
(a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
C. 4.
D. 3.
(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O.

(d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l

A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 4.
Cu 10: Trong cc cht: FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3. S cht c c tnh oxi
ho v tnh kh l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 11: Nung nng tng cp cht sau trong bnh kn: 1 Fe + S (r), 2 Fe2O3 + CO (k), 3 Au + O2 (k), 4 Cu +
Cu(NO3)2 (r), 5 Cu + KNO3 (r), 6 Al + NaCl (r). Cc trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho kim loi l:
A. 1, 4, 5.
B. 2, 3, 4.
C. 1, 3, 6.
D. 2, 5, 6.
Cu 12: Nguyn t S ng vai tr va l cht kh, va l cht oxi ho trong phn ng no sau y?
to
to
Na2S
H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
A. S + 2Na
C. S + 6HNO3 c
o
t
t
SF6
2Na2S + Na2S2O3 + 3H2O
B. S + 3F2
D. 4S + 6NaOH c
Cu 13: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl2, SO2, NO2, C, Al, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, Fe3+. S cht v ion va
c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh l
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 8.
D. 5.
(a) Sn + HCl long
(b) FeS + H2SO4 long
(c) MnO2 + HCl c
(d) Cu + H2SO4 c
(e) Al + H2SO4 long
( g) FeSO4 + KmnO4 + H2SO4
S phn ng m H+ ng vai tr cht oxi ha l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 2.
Cu 15: Cho dy gm cc phn t v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO , Fe2+, Cu2+, HCl. Tng s phn t v ion
trong dy va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh l

A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
Cu 16: iu kin thch hp xy ra cc phn ng sau:
- Trang 65 -
D. 4.
(a) 2C + Ca CaC2
(b) C + 2H2 CH4
( c) C + CO2 2CO
( d) 3C + 4Al Al4C3
Trong cc phn ng trn, tnh kh ca cacbon th hin phn ng
A. (a).
B. (c).
C. (d).
D. (b).
Cu 17: Cho phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng: 2Cr + 3Sn2+ 2Cr3+ + 3Sn.
Nhn xt no sau y v phn ng trn l ng?
A. Sn2+ l cht kh, Cr3+ l cht oxi ha. B. Cr l cht oxi ha, Sn2+ l cht kh.
C. Cr l cht kh, Sn2+ l cht oxi ha.
D. Cr3+ l cht kh, Sn2+ l cht oxi ha.
Cu 18: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
(a) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2.
(b) Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4 + 4H2O.
(c) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O.
(d) FeS + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2S.
(e) 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2.
Trong cc phn ng trn, s phn ng m ion H+ ng vai tr cht oxi ha l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
VN 16: HON THNH PHN NG OXI HA KH
L THUYT
I. CN BNG PHN NG OXI HA KH
1. PHNG PHP THNG BNG ELECTRON
B1. Xc nh s oxi ho cc nguyn t. Tm ra nguyn t c s oxi ho thay i .
B2. Vit cc qu trnh lm thay i s oxi ho
Cht c oxi ho tng : Cht kh - ne s oxi ho tng
Cht c s oxi ho gim: Cht oxi ho + me s oxi ho gim
B3. Xc nh h s cn bng sao cho s e cho = s e nhn
B4. a h s cn bng vo phng trnh, ng cht (Nn a h s vo bn phi ca pt trc) v kim
tra li theo trt t : kim loi phi kim hidro oxi
VD: Lp ptp oxh-k sau: Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O.
0
Al H N O3 Al ( NO3 ) 3 N 2 O H 2 O
0
8 Al Al 3e
5
3 2 N 2.4e 2 N
0
8 Al 30 H N O3 8 Al ( NO3 ) 3 3 N 2 O 15H 2 O
2. MT S V D VN DNG
a. KMnO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 MnSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
b. K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
c. Fe + HNO3 (, nng) Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O
d. FeO +
HNO3() Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O
e. Fe3O4 + HNO3() Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O
f. Fe(OH)2 + HNO3() Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O
g. FeO + HNO3(l) Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
h. Fe3O4 + HNO3(l) Fe(NO3)3
+ NO + H2O
i. Al + 0HNO3(kh long) Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O
k. Al + HNO3(qu long) Al(NO3)3 + NH4NO3 + H2O
- Trang 66 -
II. CC CHT KH THNG GP

a. Kim loi
- Tt c kim loi u l cht kh. Kim loi b kh to thnh hp cht ca kim loi trong kim loi c
s oxi ha dng. Phn ng no c kim loi tham gia th l phn ng oxi ha kh v kim loi lun
lun ng vai tr cht kh. Kim loi c th kh cc phi kim, axit thng thng, nc, axit c tnh oxi
ha mnh, mui ca kim loi yu hn, oxit ca kim loi yu hn, dung dch kim,
- Kim loi kh phi kim (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, O2, S, N2, P, C, Si, H2) to mui hay oxit
VD: 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
Fe + S FeS
3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4
- Kim loi kh ion H+ ca axit thng thng, to mui v kh hiro.
Kim loi ng trc H trong dy th in ho kh c ion H+ ca axit thng thng to kh hiro
(H2), cn kim loi b oxi ho to mui:
K Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag Hg Pt Au
VD: Fe + H2SO4(l) FeSO4 + H2
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Cu + HCl khng phn ng
- Kim loi kim, kim th kh c nc nhit thng, to hiroxit kim loi v kh hiro.
Kim loi kim: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Kim loi kim th: Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
VD: Na+H2O NaOH + H2
- Kim loi (tr vng, bch kim) kh c axit c tnh oxi ho mnh [HNO3, H2SO4(c, nng)] to
mui, kh NO2, NO hay SO2 v H2O.
- Kim loi mnh (tr kim loi kim, kim th) kh c ion kim loi yu hn trong dung dch mui.
K Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Ag Hg Pt Au
- Cc kim loi c oxit lng tnh (tr Cr, gm Al, Zn, Be, Sn, Pb) kh c dung dch kim, to mui
v kh hiro.
b. Hp cht ca kim loi trong kim loi c s oxi ha trung gian, m thng gp l Fe(II) [nh
FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, FeCl2, Fe(NO3)2, Fe2+, FeS, FeS2], Fe3O4, Cr(II), Cu2O. Cc cht kh ny b oxi
ha to thnh hp cht ca kim loi c s oxi ha cao hn.
c. Mt s phi kim, nh H2, C, S, P, Si, N2, Cl2. Cc phi kim ny b oxi ha to thnh hp cht ca phi
kim, trong phi kim c s oxi ha dng. Cc cht oxi ha thng dng oxi ha cc phi kim l oxit
kim loi, oxi, HNO3, H2SO4(c, nng).
d. Mt s hp cht ca phi kim, trong phi kim c s oxi ha trung gian, nh CO, NO, NO2,
NO2, SO2, SO32, Na2S2O3, FeS2, P2O3, C2H4, C2H2,Cc hp cht ny b oxi ha to thnh hp cht
ca phi kim trong phi kim c s oxi ha cao hn.
e. Cc hp cht ca phi kim, trong phi kim c s oxi ha thp nht (cc tiu), nh X (Cl, Br,
I, HCl, HBr, HI), S2, H2S, NH3, PH3, CH4, NaH, CaH2, Cc hp cht b oxi ha to phi kim n
cht hay hp cht ca phi kim c s oxi ha cao hn.
CU HI
Cu 1: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng gia Cu
vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A. 10.
B. 9.
C. 8.
D. 11.
Cu 2: Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt phn t CuFeS2 s
A. nhn 13 electron.
B. nhn 12 electron.
C. nhng 13 electron.
D. nhng 12 electron.
Cu 3: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O
Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h
s ca HNO3 l
A. 23x - 9y.
B. 45x - 18y.
C. 13x - 9y.
D. 46x - 18y.
- Trang 67 -

(I) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4.
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S.
(III) Sc hn hp kh NO2 v O2 vo nc.
(IV) Cho MnO2 vo dung dch HCl c, nng.
(V) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng.
(VI) Cho SiO2 vo dung dch HF.
S th nghim c phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
a) FeO + HNO3 (c, nng)
b) FeS + H2SO4 (c, nng)
c) Al2O3 + HNO3 (c, nng)
d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3
o
Ni ,t
e) CH3CHO + H2
f) glucoz + AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3
g) C2H4 + Br2
h) Glixerol + Cu(OH)2
Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
A. a, b, c, d, e, h.
B. a, b, c, d, e, g.
C. a, b, d, e, f, h.
D. a, b, d, e, f, g.
Cu 6: Cho dy cc cht: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeSO4, Fe3O4, Fe2(SO4)3, Fe2O3. S cht trong dy b oxi ha
khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 4
D. 6.
Cu 7: Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3,
FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 8.
Cu 8: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O
S phn t HCl ng vai tr cht kh bng k ln tng s phn t HCl tham gia phn ng. Gi tr
ca k l
A. 1/7.
B. 4/7.
C. 3/7.
D. 3/14.
Cu 9: Cho dung dch X cha KMnO4 v H2SO4 (long) ln lt vo cc dung dch: FeCl2, FeSO4,
CuSO4, MgSO4, H2S, HCl (c). S trng hp c xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 3.
Cu 10: Cho phn ng:
Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O.
Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A. 27.
B. 47.
C. 31.
D. 23.
Cu 11: Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng vi dung
dch HNO3 c, ngui l:
A. Cu, Fe, Al.
B. Fe, Al, Cr.
C. Cu, Pb, Ag.
D. Fe, Mg, Al.
Cu 12: Cho cc cht: KBr, S, SiO2, P, Na3PO4, FeO, Cu v Fe2O3. Trong cc cht trn, s cht c
th b oxi ha bi dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 13: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X):
(a) Cho X vo bnh cha mt lng d kh O3 ( iu kin thng).
(b) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HNO3 (c).
(c) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl (khng c mt O2).
(d) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch FeCl3.
Th nghim m Cu b oxi ho cn Ag khng b oxi ho l
A. (c).
B. (a).
C. (d).
D. (b).
Cu 14: Dy cht no sau y u th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi SO2?
A. Dung dch BaCl2, CaO, nc brom.
B. Dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4.
C. O2, nc brom, dung dch KMnO4.
D. H2S, O2, nc brom.
Cu 15: Cho cc cht ring bit sau: FeSO4, AgNO3, Na2SO3, H2S, HI, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tc dng vi
dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A. 6.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
- Trang 68 -
Cu 16: Cho cc cht sau: FeCO3, Fe3O4, FeS, Fe(OH)2. Nu ho tan cng s mol mi cht vo dung
dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) th cht to ra s mol kh ln nht l
A. Fe3O4.
B. Fe(OH)2.
C. FeS.
D. FeCO3.
Cu 17: Cho phng trnh ha hc (vi a, b, c, d l cc h s):aFeSO4 + bCl2 cFe2(SO4)3 + dFeCl3
T l a : c l
A. 4 : 1.
B. 3 : 2.
C. 2 : 1.
D. 3 : 1.
Cu 18: Ho tan Au bng nc cng toan th sn phm kh l NO; ho tan Ag trong dung dch HNO3
c th sn phm kh l NO2. s mol NO2 bng s mol NO th t l s mol Ag v Au tng ng l
A. 1 : 2.
B. 3 : 1.
C. 1 : 1.
D. 1 : 3.
Cu 19: Cho phn ng ha hc: Cl2+ KOH KCl + KClO3 + H2O
T l gia s nguyn t clo ng vai tr cht oxi ha v s nguyn t clo ng vai tr cht kh
trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng cho tng ng l
A. 1 : 5.
B. 5 : 1.
C. 3 : 1.
D. 1 : 3.
(a) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4 long.
(b) Cho hi ancol etylic i qua bt CuO nung nng.
(c) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch Br2 trong CCl4.
(d) Cho dung dch glucoz vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d, un nng.
(e) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng.
Trong cc th nghim trn, s th nghim c xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
Cu 21: Cho phng trnh phn ng aAl + bHNO3 cAl(NO3)3 + dNO + eH2O
T l a: b l
A. 1 : 3
B. 2 : 3
C. 2 : 5
D. 1 : 4
Cu 22: Cho phng trnh phn ng
aFeSO4 + bK2Cr2O7 + cH2SO4 dFe2(SO4)3 + eK2SO4 + fCr2(SO4)3 + gH2O
T l a : b l
A. 6 : 1.
B. 2 : 3.
C. 3 : 2.
D. 1 : 6.
Cu 23: Cho phn ng: FeO + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O.
Trong phng trnh ca phn ng trn, khi h s ca FeO l 3 th h s ca HNO3 l
A. 6.
B. 8.
C. 4.
D. 10.
Cu 24: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng:
(b) NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O.
(a) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3.
(c) Fe3O4 + 4CO 3Fe + 4CO2.
(d) AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3.
Trong cc phn ng trn, s phn ng oxi ha - kh l

A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
VN 17: PHN LOI PHN NG HA HC

L THUYT
- Qu trnh bin i t cht ny thnh cht khc gi l phn ng ha hc. Cht ban u, b bin i trong
phn ng gi l cht tham gia (hay cht phn ng), cht mi sinh ra l sn phm. Phn ng ha hc
c ghi theo phng trnh ch nh sau:
Tn cc cht phn ng Tn cc sn phm
Nhng loi phn ng thng gp bao gm :
Phn ng ha hp: L phn ng ha hc trong ch c mt cht mi (sn phm) c to thnh t
hai hay nhiu cht ban u.
Phn ng phn hy: L phn ng ha hc trong mt cht sinh ra hai hay nhiu cht mi.
- Trang 69 -
Phn ng oxi ha - kh: L phn ng ha hc trong xy ra ng thi s oxi ha v s kh.

Phn ng th
Ngoi ra cn c cc phn ng khc nh phn ng trao i, phn ng ta nhit,phn ng trung
ha,....
CU HI
Cu 1: Cho 4 phn ng:
1
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
2
2NaOH + (NH4)2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
3
BaCl2 + Na2CO3 BaCO3 + 2NaCl
4
2NH3 + 2H2O + FeSO4 Fe(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4
Cc phn ng thuc loi phn ng axit - baz l
A. 2, 4.
B. 3, 4.
C. 2, 3.
D. 1, 2.
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O
2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O
2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O
4KClO3 KCl + 3KClO4
O3 O2 + O
S phn ng oxi ha kh l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 4.
(a) FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
(b) Na2S + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2S
(c) 2AlCl3 + 3Na2S + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S + 6NaCl
(d) KHSO4 + KHS K2SO4 + H2S
(e) BaS + H2SO4 (long) BaSO4 + H2S
S phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn S2- + 2H+ H2S l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 4: Trong iu kin thch hp, xy ra cc phn ng sau:
(a) 2H2SO4 + C 2SO2 + CO2 + 2H2O
(b) H2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 FeSO4 + 2H2O
(c) 4H2SO4 + 2FeO Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
(d) 6H2SO4 + 2Fe Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
Trong cc phn ng trn, phn ng xy ra vi dung dch H2SO4 long l
A. (d).
B. (a).
C. (c).
D. (b).
VN 18: QUNG V HP CHT THNG GP
L THUYT
1. Mt s qung thng gp
1.Qung photphorit. Ca3(PO4)2.
2. Qung apatit
3. Sinvinit: NaCl. KCl
4. Magiezit: MgCO3
( phn kali)
5. Canxit: CaCO3
6. olomit: CaCO3. MgCO3
7. Boxit: Al2O3.2H2O.
8. Mica: K2O. Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O
9. t st: Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O
10. fensfat: K2O. Al2O3.6SiO2
11. criolit: Na3AlF6.
12. mahetit: Fe3O4
13.hematit nu: Fe2O3.nH2O.
14. hematit : Fe2O3
15.xiderit: FeCO3
16.pirit st: FeS2
17.florit CaF2.
18.Chancopirit ( pirit ng ) CuFeS2
2. Mt s hp cht thng gp
1. Phn chua: K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O
2. Thch cao sng CaSO4. 2H2O
- Trang 70 -
3. Thch cao nung CaSO4.H2O
4. Thch cao khan CaSO4
5. Dim tiu KNO3
6. Dim sinh S
7. vi CaCO3
8. Vi sng CaO
9. Vi ti Ca(OH)2 dng c
10. Mui n NaCl
11. Xt NaOH
12. Potat KOH
13. Thch anh SiO2
14. Oleum H2SO4.nSO3
15. m ure (NH2)2CO
16. m 2 l NH4NO3
17. Supephotphat n Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4
18. Supephotphat kp Ca(H2PO4)2
19. Amophot NH4H2PO4 v (NH4)2HPO4
20. Bt n: NaHCO3 ( lu : NH4HCO3 l bt

khai)
21. Thy tinh thng: Na2O.CaO.6SiO2
22. Thy tinh kali: K2O.CaO.6SiO2
23. Thy tinh lng: Na2SiO3 v K2SiO3 2
24. Pha l: thy tinh cha nhiu PbO2
25. Silicagen ( cht ht m): H2SiO3 mt mt

phn nc
26. thy tinh thch anh: cha nhiu SiO2
CU HI
Cu 1: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l
A. hematit .
B. xierit.
C. hematit nu.
D. manhetit.
Cu 2: Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l
A. Ca(H2PO4)2.
B. Ca3(PO4)2.
C. NH4H2PO4.
D. CaHPO4.
Cu 3: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t?
A. KCl.
B. NH4NO3.
C. NaNO3.
D. K2CO3.
Cu 4: Phn bn nitrophotka (NPK) l hn hp ca
A. (NH4)3PO4 v KNO3.
B. (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3.
C. NH4H2PO4 v KNO3.
D. (NH4)2HPO4 v NaNO3
Cu 5: Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Thch cao sng ( CaSO4.2H2O)
B. Thch cao nung ( CaSO4.H2O)
C. Vi sng ( CaO)
D. vi ( CaCO3)
Cu 6: Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trong
ngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ho hc ca phn chua l
A. Li2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
B. Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
C. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
D. (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Cu 7: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn chnh l
A. Fe2O3.
B. FeCO3.
C. Fe3O4.
D. FeS2.
Cu 8: Qung no sau y giu st nht?
A. Xierit.
B. Manhetit.
C. Hematit .
D. Pirit st.
Cu 9: Thnh phn chnh ca phn bn phc hp amophot l
A. Ca3(PO4)2 v (NH4)2HPO4.
B. NH4NO3 v Ca(H2PO4)2.
C. NH4H2PO4 v (NH4)2HPO4.
D. NH4H2PO4 v Ca(H2PO4)2.
VN 19: V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON V CU HNH

L THUYT
- Trang 71 -
I. XC NH V TR CA NGUYN T TRONG BNG H THNG TUN HAN

Xc nh chu k ta da vo cu hnh electron.
Nguyn t c n lp electron nguyn t chu k th n
Xc nh v tr phn nhm ta da vo dy nng lng.
Dy nng lng c electron cui cng sp xp trn orbitan s hoc orbitan p nguyn t phn
nhm chnh.
Dy nng lng c dng
ns1 phn nhm chnh nhm I hay phn nhm IA.
ns2 phn nhm chnh nhm II hay phn nhm IIA.
ns2np1 phn nhm chnh nhm III hay phn nhm IIIA.
ns2np2 phn nhm chnh nhm IVhay phn nhm IVA.
ns2np3 phn nhm chnh nhm V hay phn nhm VA.
ns2np4 phn nhm chnh nhm VI hay phn nhm VIA.
ns2np5 phn nhm chnh nhm VII hay phn nhm VIIA.
II. XC NH TNH KIM LOI, PHI KIM V KH HIM
(Ta da vo cu hnh electron)
Cu hnh electron lp ngai cng c:
1,2,3 electrton nguyn t l kim lai.
5,6, 7 electrton nguyn t l phi kim.
8 electrton nguyn t l kh him.
4 electron v Nu nguyn t chu k nh (CK1,2,3) l phi kim.
4 electron v Nu nguyn t chu k ln (CK4,5,6,7) l kim lai.
CU HI
Cu 1: Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s2 p6. V tr ca cc
3
nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:

A. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4,
nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20, chu k
4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 3,
D. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4,
Cu 2: Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s2 s2 p6 s2 p6 d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho
2
hc, nguyn t X thuc

A. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
C. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
D. chu k 3, nhm VIB.
Cu 3: Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X nhm IIA, nguyn t Y
nhm VA. Cng thc ca hp cht to thnh t 2 nguyn t trn c dng l
A. X2Y3.
B. X2Y5.
C. X3Y2.
D. X5Y2.
Cu 4: Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R c s oxi ha thp nht)
v trong oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.
B. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn.
C. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.
D. Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s.
Cu 5: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip. S proton ca nguyn t
Y nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 33. Nhn xt
no sau y v X, Y l ng?
A. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng.
B. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y.
- Trang 72 -
C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron.

D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron.
Cu 6: Nguyn t Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3, c cng thc oxit cao nht l YO3. Nguyn t Y to vi
kim loi M hp cht c cng thc MY, trong M chim 63,64% v khi lng. Kim loi M l
A. Zn.
B. Cu.
C. Mg.
D. Fe.
Cu 7: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52. Trong ht nhn nguyn
t X c s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 1. V tr (chu k, nhm) ca X trong
bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l
A. chu k 3, nhm VA.
B. chu k 3, nhm VIIA.
C. chu k 2, nhm VIIA.
D. chu k 2, nhm VA.
VN 20: S BIN I CC I LNG CA BNG TUN HON

L THUYT
1. Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca n cht
- Trong mi chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t gim dn,
ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn.
- Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t tng dn,
ng thi tnh phi kim gim dn.
2. Bn knh
- Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn
-Trong mt nhm A , theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn
- Bn knh ca M >> Mn+ v X < Xa3. m in: c trng cho kh nng ht electron ca nguyn t khi to thnh lin kt ha hc.
- Trong mt chu k theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn m in tng dn.
- Trong mt phn nhm theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn m in gim dn.
4. Tnh axit, tnh baz ca hp cht
-Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh baz ca oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim
dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng tng dn.
-Trong mt nhm A, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng
ng tng dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng gim dn.
CU HI
Cu 1: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theo
chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
Cu 2: Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca cc
nguyn t tng dn theo th t
A. M < X < R < Y. B. M < X < Y < R. C. Y < M < X < R. D. R < M < X < Y.
Cu 3: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t tri
sang phi l
A. F, Na, O, Li.
B. F, Li, O, Na.
C. F, O, Li, Na.
D. Li, Na, O, F.
Cu 4: Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l:
A. N, P, O, F.
B. P, N, F, O.
C. N, P, F, O.
D. P, N, O, F.
Cu 5: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. N, Si, Mg, K.
B. K, Mg, Si, N.
C. K, Mg, N, Si.
D. Mg, K, Si, N.
- Trang 73 -
Cu 6: Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th

A. bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng.
B. bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim.
C. bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng.
D. bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim.
Cu 7: Cc kim loi X, Y, Z c cu hnh electron nguyn t ln lt l: 1s22s22p63s1; 1s22s22p63s2;
1s22s22p63s23p1. Dy gm cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri sang phi l:
A. Y, Z, X.
B. Z, X, Y.
C. X, Y, Z.
D. Z, Y, X.
VN 21: LIN KT HA HC
L THUYT
I - KHI NIM V LIN KT HA HC
1. Khi nim v lin kt
- Lin kt ha hc l s kt hp gia cc nguyn t to thnh phn t hay tinh th bn vng hn.
2.Quy tc bt t (8 electron)
Nh vy, cu hnh vi 8 electron lp ngoi cng (hoc 2 electron i vi heli) l cu hnh electron
vng bn.
Theo quy tc bt t (8 electron) th nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c khuynh hng lin kt vi cc
nguyn t khc t c cu hnh electron vng bn ca cc kh him vi 8 electron (hoc 2 i
vi heli) lp ngoi cng.
II. LIN KT ION V LIN KT CNG HA TR
1. So snh lin kt ion v lin kt cng ha tr
Loi lin kt
Li n kt i on
Li n kt cng h a tr
Nguyn nhn
hnh t hnh
lin kt
Cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau c cu hnh electron bn vng ca kh him.
Bn cht ca
lin kt
Lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang

in tch tri
du( cho
v
nhn electron)
iu kin ca
lin kt
c t nh
L s dng chung c c electron (s

dng chung theo kiu xen ph c c
AO)
Xy r a gia 2 nguy n t ging nhau

Xy ra gia c c nguy n t khc hn
v bn cht ha hc (th ng xy ra
nhau v bn cht ha hc (thng xy ra vi cc nhm IV, V, VI, VII)
gia kim lai in hnh v phi kim
in hnh).
Rt bn
Bn
2. Hiu m in v lin kt ha hc
Hiu m in
Loi lin kt
0< < 0,4

Cng ha tr kh ng cc
CU HI
Cu 1: Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l
A. NH4Cl.
B. HCl.
- Trang 74 -
0,4 < 1,7

Cng ha tr phn cc
C. H2O.
D. NH3.
1,7
Ion
Cu 2: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p64s1, nguyn t ca nguyn t Y

c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y thuc loi lin kt
A. kim loi.
B. cng ho tr.
C. ion.
D. cho nhn.
Cu 3: Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l:
A. HCl, O3, H2S.
B. O2, H2O, NH3.
C. HF, Cl2, H2O.
D. H2O, HF, H2S.
Cu 4: Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l:
A. NH3, Br2, C2H4. B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2.
C. HBr, CO2, CH4. D. HCl, C2H2, Br2.
Cu 5: Lin kt ho hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t H2O l lin kt
A. cng ho tr khng phn cc.
B. hiro.
C. cng ho tr phn cc.
D. ion.
Cu 6: Mc phn cc ca lin kt ha hc trong cc phn t c sp xp theo th t gim dn t
tri sang phi l:
A. HI, HCl, HBr.
B. HCl, HBr, HI.
C. HI, HBr, HCl.
D. HBr, HI, HCl
Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht: N2, H2, NH3, NaCl, HCl, H2O. S cht trong dy m phn t ch cha lin kt
cng ha tr khng cc l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 2.
Cu 8: Lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t trong phn t HCl thuc loi lin kt
A. cng ha tr c cc.
B. hiro.
C. cng ha tr khng cc. D. ion.
Cu 9: Cho gi tr m in ca cc nguyn t: F = 3,98; O= 3,44; C= 2,55; H= 2,20; Na = 0,93).
Hp cht no sau y l hp cht ion?
A. NaF.
B. CO2.
C. CH4.
D. H2O.
Cu 10: Lin kt ha hc trong phn t Br2 thuc loi lin kt
A. hiro.
B. cng ha tr c cc.
C. ion.
D. cng ha tr khng cc.
VN 22: CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
L THUYT
CCH VIT CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T
1. Th t mc nng lng.
Cc electron trong nguyn t chim cc mc nng lng t thp n cao.
Thc nghim v l thuyt xc nh c th t ca cc lp v phn lp theo theo th t sau:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s
2. Cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t.
Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t biu din s phn b electron trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc
nhau.
Ngi ta quy c vit cu hnh electron nguyn t nh sau:
- S th t lp electron c ghi bng ch s (1, 2, 3).
- Phn lp c ghi bng ch ci thng s, p, d, f.
- S electron trong mt phn lp c ghi bng s pha bn phi ca phn lp (s2, p6), cc phn lp
khng c electron khng ghi.
Cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t gm cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Xc nh s electron nguyn t.
Bc 2: Cc electron c phn b ln lt vo cc phn lp theo chiu tng ca nng lng trong
nguyn t (1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s) v tun theo quy tc sau:
- phn lp s cha ti a 2 electron;
- phn lp p cha ti a 6 electron;
- phn lp d cha ti a 10 electron;
- phn lp f cha ti a 14 electron.
Bc 3. Vit cu hnh electron biu din s phn b electron trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc nhau
(1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s).
VD: Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Fe (Z=26).
- Trang 75 -
1. Xc nh s electron: 26.
2. Cc electron phn b vo cc phn lp theo chiu tng dn ca nng lng trong nguyn t:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6.
3. Vit cu hnh electron biu din s phn b electron trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc nhau:
1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2.
Hay vit gn l [Ar] 3d64s2.
- Nguyn t s l nhng nguyn t m nguyn t c electron cui cng c in vo phn lp s (V d
nguyn t H, Na, K...).
- Nguyn t p l nhng nguyn t m nguyn t c electron cui cng c in vo phn lp p (V d
nguyn t B, O, Cl...).
- Nguyn t d l nhng nguyn t m nguyn t c electron cui cng c in vo phn lp d (V d
nguyn t Fe, Cu, Cr...).
- Nguyn t f l nhng nguyn t m nguyn t c electron cui cng c in vo phn lp f (V d
nguyn t Ce, U, Pr...).
3. c im ca lp electron ngoi cng
- Cc nguyn t c 8 electron ngoi cng l kh him, chng khng tham gia vo cc phn ng ha hc.
- Cc nguyn t c 1, 2, 3 electron lp ngoi cng thng l nguyn t ca cc nguyn t kim loi.
- Cc nguyn t c 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng thng l nguyn t ca cc nguyn t phi kim.
- Cc nguyn t c 4 electron lp ngoi cng thng l nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi hoc phi kim.
Nh vy, khi bit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t c th d on c loi nguyn t.
CU HI
Cu 1: Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l:
A. Na+, F-, Ne.
B. Na+, Cl-, Ar.
C. Li+, F-, Ne.
D. K+, Cl-, Ar.
Cu 2: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p64s1, nguyn t ca nguyn t Y
c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y thuc loi lin kt
A. kim loi.
B. cng ho tr.
C. ion.
D. cho nhn.
:
Cu 3 Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn
t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp ngoi cng. Nguyn t X v Y c
s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l
A. phi kim v kim loi.
B. kim loi v kh him.
C. kh him v kim loi.
D. kim loi v kim loi.
3+
Cu 4: Mt ion M c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d54s1.
B. [Ar]3d64s2.
C. [Ar]3d34s2.
D. [Ar]3d64s1.
Cu 5: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l
A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3.
B. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2.
C. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2.
D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3.
+
Cu 6: Nguyn t R to c cation R . Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca R+ ( trng
thi c bn) l 2p6. Tng s ht mang in trong nguyn t R l
A. 10.
B. 11.
C. 22.
D. 23.
Cu 7: trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z = 11) l
A. 1s22s22p53s2.
B. 1s22s22p63s1.
C. 1s22s22p63s2.
D. 1s22s22p43s1
Cu 8: S proton v s ntron c trong mt nguyn t nhm (Al 2713 ) ln lt l
A. 13 v 14.
B. 13 v 15.
C. 12 v 14.
D. 13 v 13.
Cu 9: trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 4 electron lp L (lp th hai). S proton c
trong nguyn t X l
A. 8.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
VN 23: TC PHN NG CN BNG HA HC
L THUYT
1. Tc phn ng
- Trang 76 -
a. Khi nim v biu thc tc phn ng ha hc

- Tc phn ng l i lng c trng cho mc din ra nhanh hay chm ca phn ng ha hc,
c o bng bin thin nng ca mt trong cc cht tham gia hoc sn phm trong mt n v
thi gian.
- Biu thc tc trung bnh phn ng: Xt phn ng: aA + bB cC + dD (*)
Ti thi im t1: nng cht A l C1 (mol/lt)
Ti thi im t2: nng cht A l C2 (mol/lt)
C C2
Tc trung bnh ca phn ng c tnh theo cht A l: Vtb 1
t2 t1
- Th nguyn: mol/lt.s hoc mol/lt.pht
b. Cc yu t nh hng
- nh hng ca nng
Tc ca phn ng (*) c xc nh bi biu thc: v = k.[A]a.[B]b
Do : khi tng nng cht tham gia th tc phn ng tng ln.
- nh hng ca p sut (ch vi phn ng c cht kh tham gia): Khi tng p sut nng cht kh
tng nn tc phn ng tng
- nh hng ca nhit : Khi tng nhit th tc phn ng tng
- nh hng ca din tch tip xc: din tch tip xc cng ln th tc phn ng cng tng
- nh hng ca xc tc: Cht xc tc lm tng tc phn ng, bn thn khng b bin i sau phn
ng
2. Cn bng ha hc
a. Khi nim cn bng ha hc, hng s cn bng ha hc
- Cn bng ha hc l trng thi ca phn ng thun nghch khi tc phn ng thun bng tc phn
ng nghch. Cn bng ha hc l mt cn bng ng
b. Cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ha hc
- nh hng ca nng : Khi tng hoc gim nng ca mt cht trong cn bng th cn bng chuyn
dch v pha lm gim hoc tng nng ca cht .
Ch : Trong h cn bng c cht rn ( dng nguyn cht) th vic tng hay gim khi lng cht
rn khng lm chuyn dch cn bng.
- nh hng ca p sut (cn bng c cht kh): Khi tng p sut chung ca h cn bng th cn bng
chuyn dch v pha to ra s mol kh t hn v ngc li.
Ch : Trong cn bng m tng s mol kh 2 v bng nhau th p sut khng nh hng n cn
bng
- nh hng ca nhit : Khi tng nhit th cn bng chuyn dch v pha phn ng thu nhit
(H>0) v ngc li khi gim nhit th cn bng chuyn dch v pha phn ng ta nhit (H<0)
CU HI
Cu 1: Cho phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng tng hp amoniac
t o , xt
2NH3 (k)
N2 (k)+ 3H2 (k)
Khi tng nng ca hiro ln 2 ln, tc phn ng thun

A. tng ln 8 ln.
B. tng ln 6 ln.
C. tng ln 2 ln.
D. gim i 2 ln
Cu 2: Cho cn bng ho hc: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)

2SO3 (k); phn ng thun l phn ng ta nhit.
Pht biu ng l:
A. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng SO3.
B. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi gim p sut h phn ng.
C. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng O2.
D. Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
t o , xt
2NH3 (k); phn ng thun l phn ng to

Cu 3: Cho cn bng ho hc: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
nhit. Cn bng ho hc khng b chuyn dch khi

A. thay i nng N2.
B. thm cht xc tc Fe.
- Trang 77 -
C. thay i p sut ca h.
Cu 4: Cho cc cn bng ho hc:
t o , xt
2NH3 (k)
(1) N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
D. thay i nhit .
(2)H2 (k) + I2 (k)
2HI (k)
t o , xt
N2O4 (k)
2SO3 (k)
(4) 2NO2 (k)
(3) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
Khi thay i p sut nhng cn bng ha hc b chuyn dch l:

A. 1, 2, 3.
B. 2, 3, 4.
C. 1, 3, 4.
D. 1, 2, 4.
Cu 5: Hng s cn bng ca phn ng xc nh ch ph thuc vo
A. nhit .
B. p sut.
C. cht xc tc.
D. nng .
N2O4 (k)
Cu 6: Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: 2NO2 (k)
Nu
khng mu
nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c

A. H < 0, phn ng ta nhit.
B. H < 0, phn ng thu nhit.
C. H > 0, phn ng ta nhit.
D. H > 0, phn ng thu nhit.
Cu 7: Cho cht xc tc MnO2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2O2, sau 60 giy thu c 33,6 ml kh O2 (
ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H2O2) trong 60 giy trn l
B. 5,0.10-5 mol/(l.s) C. 1,0.10-3mol/(l.s) D. 2,5.10-4mol/(l.s)
A. 5,0.10-4 mol/(l.s)
Cu 8: Cho cc cn bng sau:
xt ,t o
xt ,t o
2SO3 (k)
2NH3 (k)
(1) 2SO3 (k) + O2 (k)
(2) N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
xt ,t
xt ,t
CO (k) + H2O (k)
H2 (k) + I2 (k)
(3) CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
(4) 2HI (k)
Khi thay i p sut, nhm gm cc cn bng ho hc u khng b chuyn dch l

A. 1 v 2.
B. 1 v 3.
C. 3 v 4.
D. 2 v 4.
xt ,t o
CO2 (k) + H2 (k) H < 0

Cu 9: Cho cn bng (trong bnh kn) sau: CO (k) + H2O (k)
1
2
3
Trong cc yu t: tng nhit ; thm mt lng hi nc; thm mt lng H2; 4 tng p sut
chung ca h; 5 dng cht xc tc. Dy gm cc yu t u lm thay i cn bng ca h l:
A. 1, 2, 4.
B. 1, 4, 5.
C. 2, 3, 4.
D. 1, 2, 3.
Cu 13: Cho cc cn bng sau:
(II) CaCO3 (r) CaO (r) + CO2 (k);
(I) 2HI (k) H2 (k) + I2 (k);
(III) FeO (r) + CO (k) Fe (r) + CO2 (k); (IV) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k).
Khi gim p sut ca h, s cn bng b chuyn dch theo chiu nghch l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
PCl3 (k) + Cl2 (k); H > 0.

Cu 14: Cho cn bng ho hc: PCl5 (k)
Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi

A. tng p sut ca h phn ng.
B. tng nhit ca h phn ng.
C. thm PCl3 vo h phn ng.
D. thm Cl2 vo h phn ng.
Cu 15: Cho phn ng: Br2 + HCOOH 2HBr + CO2.
Nng ban u ca Br2 l a mol/lt, sau 50 giy nng Br2 cn li l 0,01 mol/lt. Tc trung
bnh ca phn ng trn tnh theo Br l 4.10-5 mol/(l.s). Gi tr ca a l
2
A. 0,018.
B. 0,014.
C. 0,012.
D. 0,016.
Cu 16: Cho cn bng ha hc:

N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) 2NH3 (k) H < 0
Cn bng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi
A. tng nhit ca h phn ng.
B. gim p sut ca h phn ng.
C. tng p sut ca h phn ng.
D. thm cht xc tc vo h phn ng.
Cu 18: Cho cn bng ho hc: H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI (k); UH > 0. Cn bng khng b chuyn dch khi
A. tng nhit ca h.
B. gim nng HI.
C. gim p sut chung ca h.
D. tng nng H2.
- Trang 78 -
Cu 19: Cho cn bng ho hc sau: 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k); H < 0.
Cho cc bin php: 1 tng nhit , 2 tng p sut chung ca h phn ng, 3 h nhit , 4 dng thm
cht xc tc V2O5, 5 gim nng SO3, 6 gim p sut chung ca h phn ng. Nhng bin php no
lm cn bng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun?
A. 2, 3, 5.
B. 1, 2, 4.
C. 1, 2, 4, 5.
D. 2, 3, 4, 6.
o
Cu 21: Xt phn ng phn hy N2O5 trong dung mi CCl4 45 C: N2O5 N2O4 + O2
Ban u nng ca N2O5 l 2,33M, sau 184 giy nng ca N2O5 l 2,08M. Tc trung bnh ca
phn ng tnh theo N2O5 l
A. 2, 72.103 mol/(l.s).
B. 1, 36.103 mol/(l.s).
3
C. 6,80.10 mol/(l.s).
D. 6,80.104 mol/(l.s).
2NH3 (k); H = 92 kJ. Hai bin php u lm

Cu 22: Cho phn ng: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun l

A. gim nhit v gim p sut.
C. gim nhit v tng p sut.
B. tng nhit v tng p sut.

D. tng nhit v gim p sut.
CaO (rn) + CO2 (kh)

Cu 23: Cho cn bng ha hc: CaCO3 (rn)
Bit phn ng thun l phn ng thu nhit. Tc ng no sau y vo h cn bng cn bng

cho chuyn dch theo chiu thun?
A. Tng nng kh CO2.
B. Tng p sut.
C. Gim nhit .
D. Tng nhit .
Cu 24: Cho cc cn bng ha hc sau:
2HI (k)
N2O4 (k)
(a) H2 (k) + I2 (k)
(b) 2NO2 (k)
2NH3 (k)
2SO2 (k)
(c) 3H2 (k) + N2 (k)
(d) 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
nhit khng i, khi thay i p sut chung ca mi h cn bng, cn bng ha hc no

trn khng b chuyn dch?
A. (b).
B. (a).
C. (c).
D. (d).
Cu 26: Cho phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng: X + 2Y Z + T. thi im ban u, nng
ca cht X l 0,01 mol/l. Sau 20 giy, nng ca cht X l 0,008 mol/l. Tc trung bnh ca phn
ng tnh theo cht X trong khong thi gian trn l
A. 4,0.104 mol/(l.s). B. 1,0.104 mol/(l.s). C. 7,5.104 mol/(l.s). D. 5,0.104 mol/(l.s).
CO (k) + H2O (k) H > 0

Cu 28: Trong bnh kn c h cn bng ha hc sau: CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
(a) tng nhit ;

(b) thm mt lng hi nc;
(c) gim p sut chung ca h;
(d) dng cht xc tc;
(e) thm mt lng CO2.
Trong nhng tc ng trn, cc tc ng lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun l:
A. (a) v (e).
B. (b), (c) v (d).
C. (d) v (e).
D. (a), (c) v (e).
VN 24: NHN BIT

L THUYT
- MT S THUC TH DNG NHN BIT CC CHT V C THNG DNG
- Trang 79 -
Cht cn NB
Thuc th
Du hiu
Phng trnh phn ng
Li cho ngn la
ta
K cho ngn la
tm
Li
t chy
Ca cho ngn la
da cam
Na
Ca
Ba cho ngn la
vng lc
Ba
H2 O
Dung dch +
H2
M + nH2O M(OH)n +
n
H2
2
(Vi Ca dd
c)
KIM LOI
KIM LOI
Na cho ngn la
vng
Be
Zn
Al
dd kim
Tan H2
M +(4-n)OH- + (n-2)H2O
n
MO2n-4 + H2
2
Tan H2
Kloi t Mg
Pb
dd axit (HCl)
(Pb c PbCl2
mu trng)
M + nHCl MCln +
Tan dung
dch mu xanh
2Cu + O2 + 4HCl
Cu
HCl/H2SO4
long c sc
O2
t trong O2
Mu mu
en
Ag
HNO3/t0
Tan NO2 mu
nu
I2
H tinh bt
Mu xanh
t trong O2
kh SO2 mi
hc
n
H2
2
2CuCl2 + 2H2O
0
t
2Cu + O2
2CuO
0
t
Ag + 2HNO3
AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O
t
S + O2
SO2
0
PHI KIM
t trong O2
v ha tan sn
phm vo H2O
Dung dch to
thnh lm qu
tm
t
4P + O2
2P2O5
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4

(Dung dch H3PO4 lm qu tm)
0
t
C + O2
CO2
t trong O2
CO2 lm c
nc vi trong
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
H V
HI
CaCO3 + H2O
Cl2
Nc Br2
Nht mu
- Trang 80 -
5Cl2 + Br2 + 6H2O

10HCl + 2HBrO3
Cht cn NB
Thuc th
Du hiu
dd KI + h tinh Khng mu
bt
mu xanh
H2O (hi)
CO
CO2
Cu, t0
Cu mu
mu en
t
2Cu + O2
2CuO
t,lm lnh
Hi nc ngng
t
t
2H2 + O2
2H2O
CuO, t0
Ha
t
CuO + H2
Cu + H2O
CuSO4 khan
Trng xanh
CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O
CuO
en
t
CuO + CO
Cu + CO2
dd PdCl2
Pd vng
t trong O2
ri dn sn
phm chy qua
dd nc vi
trong
trong
Dung dch nc
vi trong vn
c
nc Br2
Nht mu
dd thuc
Nht mu
BaSO4
Dd BaCl2
trng
SO3
Mi
KH V HI
NH3
NO
NO2
CO + PdCl2 + H2O
Pd +2HCl + CO2
0
Dung dch nc
vi trong vn
c
dd vi
tm
HCl
I2
H tinh bt
mu xanh
Tn m bng
chy
SO2
H2S
Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + I2
Tn m
O2
H2
Phng trnh phn ng
t
2CO + O2
2CO2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H2O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H2O
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + 2HBr
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O
2H2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4
BaCl2 + H2O + SO3
BaSO+ 2HCl
Trng thi
Pb(NO3)2 +H2S
Dd Pb(NO3)2
PbS en
Qu tm m
Ha
NH3
Khi trng
Qu tm m
Ha xanh
HCl
Khi trng
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
Khng kh
Ha nu
2NO + O2 2 NO2
Qu tim m
Ha
Lm lnh
Mu nu k0
mu
- Trang 81 -
PbS + 2HNO3
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
11 C
2NO2
N 2 O4
Cht cn NB
Thuc th
Du hiu
N2
Que m chy
Tt
Qu tm
Ha
Phng trnh phn ng
2HCl + CaCO3
Axit: HCl
Mui
cacbonat;
sunfit, sunfua,
kim loi ng
trc H
CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

C kh CO2,
SO2, H2S, H2
2HCl + CaSO3
CaCl2 + SO2+ H2O
2HCl + FeS FeCl2 + H2S
2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2
0
Axit HCl c
Axit H2SO4
long
MnO2
Kh Cl2 mu
vng lc bay ln
Qu tm
Ho
Mui
cacbonat;
sunfit, sunfua,
kim loi ng
trc H
Dung dch
mui ca Ba.
t
4HCl + MnO2
MnCl2 +Cl2 +2H2O

H2SO4 + Na2CO3
C kh CO2,
SO2, H2S, H2,
To kt ta
trng.
2Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O

H2SO4 + CaSO3
CaSO4 + SO2 + H2O
H2SO4 + FeS FeSO4 + H2S
H2SO4 + Zn ZnSO4 + H2
4HNO3() + Cu
Axit HNO3,
H2SO4 c
nng
Hu ht cc
kim loi (tr
Au, Pt)
C kh thot ra
Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 2H2O

Cu +2H2SO4(, nng)
DUNG DCH
CuSO4 + 2SO2 + 2H2O

Dung dch
Baz ( OH-)
SO42-
Qu tm
Ha xanh
Dung dch
phenolphtalein
Ha hng
Ba2+
trng BaSO4
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4+ 2NaCl
trng AgCl
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl+ NaNO3
ClPO43-
Dd AgNO3
vng Ag3PO4
3AgNO3 + Na3PO4
Ag3PO4+ NaNO3
DUNG DCH
CaCO3 + 2HCl
CO32-, SO32-
Dd axit
CO2, SO2
CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

CaSO3 + 2HCl
CaCl2 + SO2 + H2O
HCO3-
Dd axit
CO2
- Trang 82 -
NaHCO3 + HCl
NaCl + CO2+ H2O
Cht cn NB
HSO3-
Thuc th
Du hiu
Dd axit
SO2
Phng trnh phn ng

NaHSO3 + HCl
NaCl + SO2 + H2O
Kt ta trng
Mg(OH)2 khng
tan trong kim
d
MgCl2 + 2KOH Mg(OH)2 + 2KCl
Kt ta xanh
lam : Cu(OH)2
CuCl2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Kt ta trng
xanh : Fe(OH)2
FeCl2 + 2KOH Fe(OH)2 + 2KCl
Fe3+
Kt ta nu
: Fe(OH)3
FeCl3 + 3KOH Fe(OH)3+ 3KCl
Al3+
Kt ta keo
trng Al(OH)3
tan trong kim
d
Mg2+
Cu2+
Fe2+
Dung dch
kim NaOH,
KOH
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
Ngn la mu
vng
Na+
K+
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
La n kh
Ngn la mu
tm
Na2O, K2O,
BaO, CaO
H2 O
dd lm xanh
qu tm (CaO to Na O + H O 2NaOH
2
2
ra dung dch
c)
P 2 O5
H2 O
dd lm qu
tm
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
SiO2
Dd HF
tan to SiF4
SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 +2H2O
Al2O3, ZnO
kim
dd khng
mu
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
CuO
Axit
dd mu xanh
CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O
ZnO + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2O
OXIT TH RN
MnO2
HCl un nng
Cl2 mu vng
Ag2O
HCl un nng
AgCl trng
t
4HCl + MnO2
MnCl2 +Cl2 +2H2O

Ag2O + 2HCl 2AgCl + H2O
FeO + 4HNO3
FeO, Fe3O4
HNO3 c
NO2 mu nu
Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O

Fe3O4 + 10HNO3
3Fe(NO3)3 + NO2+ 5H2O
Fe2O3
HNO3 c
to dd mu
nu , khng
c kh thot ra
- Trang 83 -
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3
2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
Cht cn NB
Thuc th
Du hiu
Phng trnh phn ng
Lu : Mt s dung dch mui lm chuyn mu qu tm:

- Dung dch mui cacbonat, sunfua, photphat, axetat ca kim loi kim lm qu tm xanh
- Dung dch mui (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NH4NO3, AgNO3, AlCl3, Al(NO3)3, mui hirosunfat
ca kim loi kim lm qu tm ha .
CU HI
Cu 1: nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 ng ring bit trong ba l b mt nhn, ta
dng thuc th l
A. Al.
B. Fe.
C. CuO.
D. Cu.
Cu 2: C th phn bit 3 dung dch: KOH, HCl, H2SO4 (long) bng mt thuc th l
A. giy qu tm.
B. Zn.
C. Al.
D. BaCO3.
Cu 3: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y?
A. Mg, K, Na.
B. Fe, Al2O3, Mg.
C. Mg, Al2O3, Al.
D. Zn, Al2O3, Al.
Cu 4: phn bit CO2 v SO2 ch cn dng thuc th l
A. dung dch NaOH. B. nc brom.
C. CaO.
D. dung dch Ba(OH)2.
Cu 5: Thuc th dng phn bit dung dch NH4NO3 vi dung dch (NH4)2SO4 l
A. ng(II) oxit v dung dch HCl.
B. kim loi Cu v dung dch HCl.
C. dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl.
D. ng(II) oxit v dung dch NaOH.
:
Thuc
th
dng
phn
bit
3
dung
dch
ring
bit: NaCl, NaHSO4, HCl l
Cu 6
A. BaCO3.
B. BaCl2.
C. (NH4)2CO3.
D. NH4Cl.
Cu 7: nhn ra ion NO3 trong dung dch Ba(NO3)2, ngi ta un nng nh dung dch vi
A. kim loi Cu.
B. dung dch H2SO4 long.
C. kim loi Cu v dung dch Na2SO4.
D. kim loi Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long.
Cu 8: C 4 ng nghim c nh s theo th t 1, 2, 3, 4. Mi ng nghim cha mt trong cc
dung dch AgNO3, ZnCl2, HI, Na2CO3. Bit rng:
- Dung dch trong ng nghim 2 v 3 tc dng c vi nhau sinh ra cht kh;
- Dung dch trong ng nghim 2 v 4 khng phn ng c vi nhau. Dung dch trong cc ng nghim 1,
2, 3, 4 ln lt l:
A. ZnCl2, HI, Na2CO3, AgNO3.
B. ZnCl2, Na2CO3, HI, AgNO3.
C. AgNO3, HI, Na2CO3, ZnCl2.
D. AgNO3, Na2CO3, HI, ZnCl2.
Cu 9: Thuc th no sau y dng phn bit kh H2S vi kh CO2?
A. Dung dch HCl.
Dung dch Pb(NO3)2.
C. Dung dch NaCl.
Dung dch K2SO4.
Cu 10: Thuc th no di y phn bit c kh O2 vi kh O3 bng phng php ha hc?
A. Dung dch H2SO4.
B. Dung dch KI + h tinh bt.
C. Dung dch NaOH.
D. Dung dch CuSO4.
VN 25: IU CH
L THUYT
1. iu ch kim loi.
Chia 2 loi.
Kim loi mnh: K, Ba,Ca, Na, Mg, Al. iu ch bng phng php in phn nng chy
* mui clorua: tr AlCl3 b thng hoa nhit cao.
* baz: tr Be(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 khng bn khi un nng
* oxit: ch dng iu ch Al.
Kim loi TB_Y. Mg tr i.
- Trang 84 -
* Mui - tc dng vi kim loi mnh hn ( thy luyn )

- in phn dung dch
* Oxit: dng CO, H2, Al, C to cao kh ( nhit luyn )
2. iu ch cc phi kim v hp cht ca chng.
- Xem k v phn r cch iu ch trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip
CU HI
Cu 1: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch
A. cho dung dch HCl c tc dng vi MnO2, un nng.
B. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn.
C. in phn nng chy NaCl.
D. cho F2 y Cl2 ra khi dung dch NaCl.
Cu 2: Trong phng th nghim, iu ch mt lng nh kh X tinh khit, ngi ta un nng
dung dch amoni nitrit bo ho. Kh X l
A. N2O.
B. NO.
C. NO2.
D. N2.
Cu 3: Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in phn hp
cht nng chy ca chng, l:
A. Fe, Ca, Al.
B. Na, Ca, Zn.
C. Na, Cu, Al.
D. Na, Ca, Al.
Cu 4: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch HNO3 t
A. NaNO2 v H2SO4 c.
B. NaNO3 v H2SO4 c.
C. NH3 v O2.
D. NaNO3 v HCl c.
Cu 5: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn NaCl nng chy.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
D. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc.
Cu 6: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch
A. in phn nc.
B. nhit phn Cu(NO3)2.
C. nhit phn KClO3 c xc tc MnO2.
D. chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
Cu 7: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l
A. Al v Mg.
B. Na v Fe.
C. Cu v Ag.
D. Mg v Zn.
Cu 8: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca
chng l:
A. Mg, Zn, Cu.
B. Al, Fe, Cr.
C. Fe, Cu, Ag.
D. Ba, Ag, Au.
Cu 9: Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng d
dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A. CaOCl2.
B. KMnO4.
C. K2Cr2O7.
D. MnO2.
Cu 10: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v
AgNO3. Cht to ra lng O2 ln nht l
A. KClO3.
B. KMnO4.
C. KNO3.
D. AgNO3.
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch NaNO3. (V) Sc kh NH3 vo dung dch Na2CO3.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na2SO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. II, III v VI.
B. I, II v III.
C. I, IV v V.
D. II, V v VI.
Cu 12: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui (vi
in cc tr) l:
- Trang 85 -
A. Ni, Cu, Ag.

B. Ca, Zn, Cu.
C. Li, Ag, Sn.
D. Al, Fe, Cr
Cu 13: Th nghim vi dung dch HNO3 thng sinh ra kh c NO2. hn ch kh NO2 thot ra
t ng nghim, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng:
(a) bng kh.
(b) bng c tm nc.
(c) bng c tm nc vi.
(d) bng c tm gim n.
Trong 4 bin php trn, bin php c hiu qu nht l
A. (d).
B. (a).
C. (c).
D. (b).
VN 26: S V C
L THUYT
- Lu :
+ Mi mi tn: mt phn ng
+ Mi k hiu cha bit: mt cht ha hc
- Cn nm c mi lin h gia tnh cht, cch iu ch cc cht.
CU HI
Cu 1: Cho s phn ng: NaCl (X) NaHCO3 (Y) NaNO3. X v Y c th l
A. NaOH v NaClO.
B. NaOH v Na2CO3.
C. NaClO3 v Na2CO3.
D. Na2CO3 v NaClO.
Cu 2: T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:
to
X1 + H2O
X
X1 + H2O X2
X2 + Y X + Y1 + H2O
X2 + 2Y X + Y2 + 2H2O
Hai mui X, Y tng ng l
A. BaCO3, Na2CO3. B. CaCO3, NaHSO4. C. MgCO3, NaHCO3. D. CaCO3, NaHCO3.
O2 ,t o
O2 ,t o
X ,t o
Cu 3: Cho s chuyn ho qung ng thnh ng: CuFeS2
X
Y
Cu
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l:
A. Cu2O, CuO.
B. CuS, CuO.
C. Cu2S, Cu2O.
D. Cu2S, CuO.
Cu 4: Cho s chuyn ho (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
ddX
ddY
ddZ
Fe(OH)2
NaOH
Fe2(SO4)3
BaSO4
Cc dd (dung dch) X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), Ba(NO3)2.
B. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2.
C. FeCl2, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2.
D. FeCl2, H2SO4 (long), Ba(NO3)2.
Cu 5: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom:
( Cl2 KOH )
H 2 SO4
( FeSO4 H 2 SO4 )
KOH
X
Y
Z
T
Cr(OH)3
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l:
A. K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3.
B. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3.
C. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4.
D. KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3.
KOH
KOH
H 3 PO4
X
Z
Y
Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ho: P2O5
Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. KH2PO4, K2HPO4, K3PO4.
B. KH2PO4, K3PO4, K2HPO4.
C. K3PO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4.
D. K3PO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4.
Cu 7: Cho s chuyn ho: Fe3O4 + dung dch HI (d) X + Y + H2O.
Bit X v Y l sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh chuyn ho. Cc cht X v Y l
A. FeI3 v I2
B. Fe v I2
C. FeI2 v I2
D. FeI3 v I2
X
Y
Z
Cu 8: Cho s chuyn ho sau: CaO
CaCl2
Ca(NO3)2
CaCO3
Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. HCl, HNO3, Na2CO3.
B. HCl, AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3.
C. Cl2, AgNO3, MgCO3.
D. Cl2, HNO3, CO2.
o
FeCl3
t
COdu ,t
T
Cu 9: Cho s chuyn ho:Fe(NO3)3
X
Y
Z
Fe(NO3)3
- Trang 86 -
Cc cht X v T ln lt l
A. FeO v NaNO3. B. FeO v AgNO3. C. Fe2O3 v Cu(NO3)2.
D. Fe2O3 v AgNO3.
Cl2 du
KOHdac Cl2
Cu 10: Cho s phn ng: Cr
X
Y. Bit Y l hp cht ca crom.
Hai cht X v Y ln lt l
A. CrCl2 v Cr(OH)3. B. CrCl3 v K2Cr2O7. C. CrCl3 v K2CrO4. D. CrCl2 v K2CrO4.
Cl2 du
dungdichNaOHdu
Cu 11: Cho s phn ng C r
X
Y . Cht Y trong s trn l
A. Na[Cr(OH)4].
B. Na2Cr2O7.
C. Cr(OH)2.
D. Cr(OH)3.
Cu 12: Cho s phn ng: Al2(SO4)3 X Y Al. Trong s trn, mi mi tn l mt phn
ng, cc cht X, Y ln lt l nhng cht no sau y?
A. NaAlO2 v Al(OH)3.
B. Al(OH)3 v NaAlO2.
C. Al2O3 v Al(OH)3.
D. Al(OH)3 v Al2O3.
VN 27: TNG HP CC PHT BIU TRONG HA V C

L THUYT
- Cc pht biu trong ha v c thng tp chung vo cc pht biu v vai tr ca cc cht trong phn
ng oxi ha kh, cc ng dng, trng thi tnh cht ca cc cht hoc tnh cht ca hp cht phc tp
nh st, crom, ng.
CU HI
Cu 1: Mnh khng ng l:
A. Fe kh c Cu2+ trong dung dch.
B. Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+.
C. Fe2+ oxi ho c Cu. D. Tnh oxi ha ca cc ion tng theo th t: Fe2+, H+, Cu2+, Ag+.
Cu 2: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh.
B. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2 tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO3 tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH.
C. Cc hp cht Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 u c tnh cht lng tnh.
D. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat.
Cu 3: Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau:
2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2
2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3
Pht biu ng l:
A. Tnh oxi ha ca Cl mnh hn ca Fe3+.
B. Tnh oxi ha ca Br mnh hn ca Cl .
2
C. Tnh kh ca Br- mnh hn ca Fe2+.

D. Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br -.
Cu 4: Nguyn tc luyn thp t gang l:
A. Dng O2 oxi ho cc tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
B. Tng thm hm lng cacbon trong gang thu c thp.
C. Dng CaO hoc CaCO3 kh tp cht Si, P, S, Mn, trong gang thu c thp.
D. Dng cht kh CO kh oxit st thnh st nhit cao.
Cu 5: Hai kim loi X, Y v cc dung dch mui clorua ca chng c cc phn ng ha hc sau:
X + 2YCl3 XCl2 + 2YCl2; Y + XCl2 YCl2 + X. Pht biu ng l:
B. Kim loi X kh c ion Y2+.
A. Ion Y2+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+.
C. Kim loi X c tnh kh mnh hn kim loi Y. D. Ion Y3+c tnh oxi ha mnh hn ion X2+
A. Phn ur c cng thc l (NH4)2CO3.
B. Phn ln cung cp nit ho hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat (NO3-) v ion amoni (NH4+).
- Trang 87 -
C. Amophot l hn hp cc mui (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3.

D. Phn hn hp cha nit, photpho, kali c gi chung l phn NPK.
A. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t.
B. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t.
C. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t.
Cu 8: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon?
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n.
B. Cha su rng.
C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.
D. St trng nc sinh hot.
Cu 9: Nguyn tc chung c dng iu ch kim loi l
A. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht oxi ho.
B. kh ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
C. oxi ho ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi.
D. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht kh.
Cu 10: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Cc kim loi: natri, bari, beri u tc dng vi nc nhit thng.
B. Kim loi xesi c dng ch to t bo quang in.
C. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit
nng chy gim dn.
D. Kim loi magie c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
Cu 11: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v
than cc 1200oC trong l in.
B. Hiro sunfua b oxi ho bi nc clo nhit thng.
C. Tt c cc nguyn t halogen u c cc s oxi ho: -1, +1, +3, +5 v +7 trong cc hp cht.
D. Kim cng, than ch, fuleren l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon.
26
26
X , 55
Cu 12: Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t: 13
26Y , 12 Z
A. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc.
B. X v Y c cng s ntron.
C. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc.
D. X v Z c cng s khi.
Cu 13: C cc pht biu sau:
1
Lu hunh, photpho u bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
2
Ion Fe3+ c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d5.

Bt nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo.
4
Phn chua c cng thc l Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Cc pht biu ng l:
A. 1, 3, 4.
B. 2, 3, 4.
C. 1, 2, 4.
D. 1, 2, 3.
Cu 14: Cht c dng ty trng giy v bt giy trong cng nghip l
A. NO2.
B. SO2.
C. CO2.
D. N2O.
3
Cu 15: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?

A. m chy magie c th c dp tt bng ct kh.
B. Dung dch m c ca Na2SiO3 v K2SiO3 c gi l thy tinh lng.
C. Trong phng th nghim, N2 c iu ch bng cch un nng dung dch NH4NO2 bo ho.
D. CF2Cl2 b cm s dng do khi thi ra kh quyn th ph hy tng ozon.
A. Trong cc dung dch: HCl, H2SO4, H2S c cng nng 0,01M, dung dch H2S c pH ln
nht.
- Trang 88 -
B. Dung dch Na2CO3 lm phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn sang mu hng.

C. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch CuSO4, thu c kt ta xanh.
D. Nh dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch AlCl3, thu c kt ta trng.
Cu 17: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca nhm v crom?
A. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom.
B. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v trong nc.
C. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dung dch H2SO4 c ngui.
D. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l v s mol.
A. Do Pb2+/Pb ng trc 2H+/H trong dy in ho nn Pb d dng phn ng vi dung dch
2
HCl long ngui, gii phng kh H2.

B. Trong mi trng kim, mui Cr(III) c tnh kh v b cc cht oxi ho mnh chuyn thnh
mui Cr(VI).
C. Ag khng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 long nhng phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c
nng.
D. CuO nung nng khi tc dng vi NH3 hoc CO, u thu c Cu.
Cu 19: Dy gm cc kim loi c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A. Li, Na, K.
B. Be, Mg, Ca.
C. Li, Na, Ca.
D. Na, K, Mg.
Cu 20: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Dung dch NaF phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 sinh ra AgF kt ta.
B. Axit HBr c tnh axit yu hn axit HCl.
C. Iot c bn knh nguyn t ln hn brom.
D. Flo c tnh oxi ho yu hn clo.
A. Ancol etylic bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
B. Khi phn ng vi dung dch HCl, kim loi Cr b oxi ho thnh ion Cr2+.
C. Crom(VI) oxit l oxit baz.
D. Crom(III) oxit v crom(III) hiroxit u l cht c tnh lng tnh.
A. Trong cc hp cht, ngoi s oxi ho -1, flo v clo cn c cc s oxi ho +1, +3, +5, +7.
B. Mui AgI khng tan trong nc, mui AgF tan trong nc.
C. Flo c tnh oxi ha mnh hn clo.
D. Dung dch HF ha tan c SiO2.
Cu 23: Dy gm cc kim loi u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A. Na, K, Ca, Ba.
B. Na, K, Ca, Be.
C. Li, Na, K, Mg.
D. Li, Na, K, Rb.
Cu 24: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot.
B. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo.
C. Tnh kh ca ion Br- ln hn tnh kh ca ion ClD. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl.
Cu 25: Khi so snh NH3 vi NH4+ , pht biu khng ng l:
A. Trong NH3 v NH4+, nit u c cng ha tr 3.
B. NH3 c tnh baz, NH4+ c tnh axit.
C. Trong NH3 v NH4+, nit u c s oxi ha 3.
D. Phn t NH v ion NH + u cha lin kt cng ha tr.
3
Cu 26: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:

A. Na, K, Ba.
B. Li, Na, Mg.
C. Na, K, Ca.
D. Mg, Ca, Ba.
- Trang 89 -

A. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo v.
B. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim dn.
C. nhit thng, tt c cc kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
D. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thu tinh.
A. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho tr.
B. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
C. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
D. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
A. Ch (Pb) c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
B. Nhm l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
C. Trong y hc, ZnO c dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh
nga.
D. Thic c th dng ph ln b mt ca st chng g.
Cu 30: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng?
A. Vt dng lm bng nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v nc v c mng oxit bo v.
B. Crom l kim loi cng nht trong tt c cc kim loi.
C. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha bi HNO3 c, ngui.
D. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dung dch HCl theo cng t l s mol.
Cu 31: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng?
A. BaSO4 v BaCrO4 hu nh khng tan trong nc.
B. Al(OH)3 v Cr(OH)3 u l hiroxit lng tnh v c tnh kh.
C. SO3 v CrO3 u l oxit axit.
D. Fe(OH)2 v Cr(OH)2 u l baz v c tnh kh.
A. Tt c cc phn ng ca lu hunh vi kim loi u cn un nng.
B. Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut t qung olomit.
C. Ca(OH)2 c dng lm mt tnh cng vnh cu ca nc.
D. CrO3 tc dng vi nc to ra hn hp axit.
Cu 33: Khi ni v kim loi kim, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Cc kim loi kim c mu trng bc v c nh kim.
B. Trong t nhin, cc kim loi kim ch tn ti dng hp cht.
C. T Li n Cs kh nng phn ng vi nc gim dn.
D. Kim loi kim c nhit nng chy v nhit si thp.
A. Nguyn t kim loi thng c 1, 2 hoc 3 electron lp ngoi cng.
B. Cc nhm A bao gm cc nguyn t s v nguyn t p.
C. Trong mt chu k, bn knh nguyn t kim loi nh hn bn knh nguyn t phi kim.
D. Cc kim loi thng c nh kim do cc electron t do phn x nh sng nhn thy c.
A. Hn hp FeS v CuS tan c ht trong dung dch HCl d.
B. Thi khng kh qua than nung , thu c kh than t.
C. Photpho d bc chy trong khng kh iu kin thng.
D. Dung dch hn hp HCl v KNO3 ho tan c bt ng.
A. Clo c dng dit trng nc trong h thng cung cp nc sch.
B. Amoniac c dng iu ch nhin liu cho tn la.
C. Lu hunh ioxit c dng lm cht chng nm mc.
D. Ozon trong khng kh l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra s bin i kh hu.
- Trang 90 -

A. Cr(OH)3 tan trong dung dch NaOH.
B. Trong mi trng axit, Zn kh Cr3+ thnh Cr.
C. Photpho bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
D. Trong mi trng kim, Br2 oxi ha CrO2- thnh CrO42Cu 38: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Trong hp cht, tt c cc kim loi kim u c s oxi ha +1.
B. Tt c cc kim loi nhm IIA u c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
C. Tt c cc hiroxit ca kim loi nhm IIA u d tan trong nc.
D. Trong nhm IA, tnh kh ca cc kim loi gim dn t Li n Cs.
(a) Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, crom thuc chu k 4, nhm VIB.
(b) Cc oxit ca crom u l oxit baz.
(c) Trong cc hp cht, s oxi ha cao nht ca crom l +6.
(d) Trong cc phn ng ha hc, hp cht crom(III) ch ng vai tr cht oxi ha.
(e) Khi phn ng vi kh Cl2 d, crom to ra hp cht crom(III).
Trong cc pht biu trn, nhng pht biu ng l:
A. (b), (c) v (e).
B. (a), (c) v (e).
C. (b), (d) v (e).
D. (a), (b) v (e).
A. Thnh phn chnh ca supephotphat kp gm hai mui Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaSO4.
B. Ur c cng thc l (NH2)2CO.
C. Supephotphat n ch c Ca(H2PO4)2.
D. Phn ln cung cp nit cho cy trng.
(a) Trong cc phn ng ha hc, flo ch th hin tnh oxi ha.
(b) Axit flohiric l axit yu.
(c) Dung dch NaF long c dng lm thuc chng su rng.
(d) Trong hp cht, cc halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) u c s oxi ha: -1, +1, +3, +5 v +7.
(e) Tnh kh ca cc ion halogenua tng dn theo th t: F, Cl, Br, I.
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 2.
D. 4.
A. Kim loi Fe phn ng vi dung dch HCl to ra mui st(II).
B. Dung dch FeCl3 phn ng c vi kim loi Fe.
C. Trong cc phn ng ha hc, ion Fe2+ ch th hin tnh kh.
D. Kim loi Fe khng tan trong dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui.
Cu 43: Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. SiO2 l oxit axit.
B. t chy hon ton CH4 bng oxi, thu c CO2 v H2O.
C. Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, dung dch b vn c.
D. SiO2 tan tt trong dung dch HCl.
A. Kim loi Al tan c trong dung dch HNO3 c, ngui.
B. Al(OH)3 phn ng c vi dung dch HCl v dung dch KOH.
C. Trong cng nghip, kim loi Al c iu ch bng phng php in phn Al2O3 nng chy.
D. Trong cc phn ng ha hc, kim loi Al ch ng vai tr cht kh.
Cu 45: Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. Nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t kim loi.
B. n mn ha hc pht sinh dng in.
- Trang 91 -
C. Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l tnh kh.

D. Bn cht ca n mn kim loi l qu trnh oxi ha - kh.
A. Kim loi Cu phn ng c vi dung dch hn hp KNO3 v HCl.
B. Cr(OH)2 l hiroxit lng tnh.
C. Cu(OH)2 tan c trong dung dch NH3.
D. Kh NH3 kh c CuO nung nng.
VN 28 HA HC VI MI TRNG
L THUYT
HA HC V MI TRNG
1 - NHIM MI TRNG
a. nhim mi trng
- nhim mi trng khng kh l hin tng lm cho khng kh sch thay i thnh phn, c nguy c
gy tc hi n thc vt, ng vt, sc khe con ngi v mi trng xung quanh.
- Khng kh sch thng gm 78% kh nit, 21% kh oxi v mt lng nh kh cacbonic v hi nc,...
Khng kh b nhim thng c cha qu mc cho php nng cc kh CO2,CH4 v mt s kh c
khc, th d CO,NH3,SO2,HCl,... mt s vi khun gy bnh,...
b. nhim nc
- nhim nc l hin tng lm thay i thnh phn tnh cht ca nc gy bt li cho mi trng
nc, phn ln do cc hot ng khc nhau ca con ngi gy nn.
- Nc sch khng cha cc cht nhim bn, vi khun gy bnh v cc cht ha hc lm nh hng n
sc khe ca con ngi. Nc sch nht l nc ct trong thnh phn ch l H2O. Ngoi ra, nc
sch cn c quy nh v thnh phn gii hn ca mt s ion, mt s ion kim loi nng, mt s cht
thi nng di mc cho php ca T chc Y t th gii.
- Nc nhim thng c cha cc cht thi hu c, cc vi sinh vt gy bnh, cc cht dinh dng thc
vt, cc ha cht hu c tng hp, cc ha cht v c, cc cht phng x, cht c ha hc,...
c. nhim mi trng t
- nhim t l tt c cc hin tng, cc qu trnh lm nhim bn t, thay i tnh cht l, ha t
nhin ca t do cc tc nhn gy nhim, dn n lm gim ph ca t.
- t sch khng cha cc cht nhim bn, mt s cht ha hc, nu c ch t nng di mc quy
nh.
- t b nhim c cha mt s c t, cht c hi cho cy trng vt qu nng c quy nh.
* Sn xut ha hc l mt trong nhng ngun gy nhim mi trng do kh thi, cht thi rn, nc
thi c chc nhng cht c hi cho con ngi v sinh vt.
Tc hi ca mi trng b nhim (khng kh, t, nc) gy suy gim sc khe ca con ngi, gy
thay i kh hu ton cu, lm dit vong mt s loi sinh vt,... Th d nh hin tng thng tng ozon,
hiu ng nh knh, ma axit,... l hu qu ca nhim mi trng.
2 - HA HC V VN BO V MI TRNG TRONG I SNG SN XUT V HC
TP HA HC
nhim mi trng ang xy ra trn quy m ton cu, gy nh hng ln n cuc sng trn Tri t.
Hin tng tri t b nng ln do hiu ng nh knh, hin tng nhiu cht c hi c trong khng kh,
nc sng, bin, trong t,... lm cho mi trng ca hu ht cc nc b nhim. Do vn bo
v mi trng l vn chung ca ton nhn loi.
Ha hc c nhng ng gp g trong vn bo v mi trng sng ?
a. Nhn bit mi trng b nhim bng phng php ha hc
C th nhn thy c mi trng b nhim bng cch no ?
* Quan st
- Ta c th nhn thy mi trng b nhim qua mi, mu sc,...
- Cn c vo mi v tc dng sinh l c trng ca mt s kh ta d dng nhn ra khng kh b nhim.
- Trang 92 -
* Xc nh cht nhim bng cc thuc kh

Th d: xc nh trong nc c cc cht v ion (gc axit hoc cc ion kim loi) ta cn c nhng
thuc th hoc n nhng ni c th xc nh c thnh phn ca nc, xc nh: Cc ion kim loi
nng (hm lng l bao nhiu?) ; Nng ca mt s ion Ca2+,Mg2+ gy nn cng ca nc;
pH ca nc.
* Xc nh bng cc dung c o
Th d: Dng nhit k xc nh nhit ca nc; dng sc k xc nh cc ion kim loi hoc cc
ion khc; dng my o pH xc nh pH ca t, nc,...
b. Vai tr ca Ha hc trong vic x l cht nhim
- X l cht nhim trong i sng, sn xut nng nghip v cng nghip nh th no?
- Nguyn tc chung ca vic x l cht nhim bng phng php ha hc l: C nhiu bin php x l
khc nhau cn c vo thc trng nhim, l x l nhim t, nc, khng kh da trn c s khoa
hc c kt hp vi khoa hc vt l v sinh hc.
- Phng php chung nht l loi b cht thi c hi bng cch s dng cht ha hc khc c phn ng
vi cht c hi, to thnh cht t c hi hn dng rn, kh hoc dung dch. Hoc c th c lp cht
c hi trong nhng dng c c bit, ngn chn khng cho cht c hi thm nhp vo mi trng t,
nc, khng kh gu nhim mi trng.
Sau y l mt s trng hp c th :
+ X l nc thi
Khi pht hin nhim nhng ni c cht thi ca nh my, x nghip, cn c nhng xut c quan
c trch nhim x l.
+ X l kh thi
+ X l cht thi trong qu trnh hc tp ha hc
Vi mt s cht thi sau th nghim trn lp hoc sau bi thc hnh, ta c th thc hin theo cc bc
sau:
- Phn loi ha cht thi xem chng thuc loi no trong s cc cht hc.
- Cn c vo tnh cht ha hc ca mi cht x l cho ph hp.
Th d:
- Nu l cc cht c tnh axit th thng dng nc vi d trung ha.
- Nu l kh c c th dng cht hp th l than hot tnh hoc cht rn, hoc dung dch hp th
chng, to nn cht khng c hoc t c hi hn.
- Nu l cc ion kim loi, ion SO42- ..., c th dng nc vi d kt ta chng v thu gom li dng
rn v tip tc x l.
- Nu l ion cc kim loi qu th cn x l thu gom ti s dng.
CU HI
Cu 1: T l s ngi cht v bnh phi do ht thuc l gp hng chc ln s ngi khng ht thuc l.
Cht gy nghin v gy ung th c trong thuc l l
A. moocphin.
B. cafein.
C. aspirin.
D. nicotin.
Cu 2: Tc nhn ch yu gy ma axit l
A. SO2 v NO2.
B. CH4 v NH3.
C. CO v CH4.
D. CO v CO2.
Cu 3: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc ln
thu ngn ri gom li l
A. vi sng.
B. mui n.
C. lu hunh.
D. ct.
Cu 4: Dy gm cc cht v thuc u c th gy nghin cho con ngi l
A. ampixilin, erythromixin, cafein.
B. penixilin, paradol, cocain.
C. cocain, seduxen, cafein.
D. heroin, seduxen, erythromixin.
Cu 5: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: 1 thy in, 2 gi, 3 mt tri, 4 ho thch; nhng ngun nng
lng sch l:
A. 2, 3, 4.
B. 1, 2, 4.
C. 1, 3, 4.
D. 1, 2, 3.
Cu 6: Cho mt s nhn nh v nguyn nhn gy nhim mi trng khng kh nh sau:
- Trang 93 -
Do hot ng ca ni la.
Do kh thi cng nghip, kh thi sinh hot.
3
Do kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng.
4
Do kh sinh ra t qu trnh quang hp ca cy xanh.
5
Do nng cao ca cc ion kim loi: Pb2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ trong cc ngun nc.
Nhng nhn nh ng l:
A. 2, 3, 5.
B. 2, 3, 4.
C. 1, 2, 3.
D. 1, 2, 4.
Cu 7: nh gi s nhim kim loi nng trong nc thi ca mt nh my, ngi ta ly mt t
nc, c c ri thm dung dch Na2S vo thy xut hin kt ta mu vng. Hin tng trn chng t
nc thi b nhim bi ion
A. Cd2+.
B. Fe2+.
C. Cu2+.
D. Pb2+.
2
Cu 8: Dn mu kh thi ca mt nh my qua dung dch Pb(NO3)2 d th thy xut hin kt ta

mu en. Hin tng chng t trong kh thi nh my c kh no sau y?
A. NH3.
B. CO2.
C. SO2.
D. H2S.
Cu 9: Nhm nhng cht kh (hoc hi) no di y u gy hiu ng nh knh khi nng ca
chng trong kh quyn vt qu tiu chun cho php?
A. CO2 v O2.
B. CO2 v CH4.
C. CH4 v H2O.
D. N2 v CO.
Cu 10: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng
kh dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch NaOH.
Dung dch NH3.
C. Dung dch NaCl.
Dung dch H2SO4 long.
(a) Kh CO2 gy ra hin tng hiu ng nh knh.
(b) Kh SO2 gy ra hin tng ma axit.
(c) Khi c thi ra kh quyn, freon (ch yu l CFCl3 v CF2Cl2) ph hy tng ozon.
(d) Moocphin v cocain l cc cht ma ty.
S pht biu ng l
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 4.
(a) x l thy ngn ri vi, ngi ta c th dng bt lu hunh.
(b) Khi thot vo kh quyn, freon ph hy tng ozon.
(c) Trong kh quyn, nng CO2 vt qu tiu chun cho php gy ra hiu ng nh knh.
(d) Trong kh quyn, nng NO2 v SO2 vt qu tiu chun cho php gy ra hin tng ma axit.
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 3.
- Trang 94 -

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Cu 45: Cho cc pht biu sau:

+ Qui tc tch Zaixep

+ Ni 2 gc ankyl : R-Cl + R -Cl + 2Na R-R + 2NaCl

- Mt s phn ng lm gim mch C.

Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng:

Este c mi chui chn

Bit Y3 c cng thc phn t C6H10O2. Tn gi ca X l

PHN HAI: L THUYT V CU HI HA V C THNG GP

Cu 3: Dung dch no sau y c pH > 7?

P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4

Cu 4: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:

Cu 4: Mt pin in ho c in cc Zn nhng trong dung dch ZnSO4 v in cc Cu nhng trong

VN 6: PHN NG NHIT PHN

4. Nhit phn baz

Ion Fe3+ c cu hnh electron vit gn l [Ar]3d5.

B. catot xy ra s kh: Cu2+ + 2e Cu.

B. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ho H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl .

M2On + 2nHCl 2MCln + nH2O

H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Cu 13: Dy gm cc cht (hoc dung dch) u phn ng c vi dung dch FeCl2 l:

3. Cng tn ti trong dung dch

CO32-, HCO3SO32-, HSO3S2-, HSAlO2-, ZnO22-

VD: 2FeCl3 + 3Na2CO3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl

Cu 2: Dy gm cc ion (khng k n s phn li ca nc) cng tn ti trong mt dung dch l:

Nh t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3.

(4) NH3 + Cl2

(6) NH3 + CuO

(1) O3 + dung dch KI

D. SO3, NO, NH3.

(4) Cl2 + dung dch H2S

Cu 15: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?

C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.

Cho dung dch NH4Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO2 un nng.

Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.

Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4.

(a) Cho ng kim loi vo dung dch st(III) clorua.

H2, CO2, SO2, O2, N2,

CO2, SO2, SO3, NO2,

Tnh kh ca kim loi gim dn

C. Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe2+.

D. Mn2+, H+, Ag+, Fe3+.

VN 15: CHT OXI HA, CHT KH - S OXI HA, S KH

trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l

(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O.

S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l

trong dy va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh l

II. CC CHT KH THNG GP

Cu 4: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:

(d) AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3.

Trong cc phn ng trn, s phn ng oxi ha - kh l

VN 17: PHN LOI PHN NG HA HC

Phn ng oxi ha - kh: L phn ng ha hc trong xy ra ng thi s oxi ha v s kh.

3. Sinvinit: NaCl. KCl

6. olomit: CaCO3. MgCO3

8. Mica: K2O. Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O

10. fensfat: K2O. Al2O3.6SiO2

11. criolit: Na3AlF6.

12. mahetit: Fe3O4

13.hematit nu: Fe2O3.nH2O.

14. hematit : Fe2O3

16.pirit st: FeS2

18.Chancopirit ( pirit ng ) CuFeS2

2. Thch cao sng CaSO4. 2H2O