 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬

٢٥٦ 
 ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬???‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
 ٢٥٦ ‫א‬

‫א‬ 

‫א‬ –‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬ J ٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-



-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
،?‫א‬
‫א‬K?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬      -
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    E‫א‬ F ‫א‬  -
K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

K -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬ -

K   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬KW‫א‬‫ א‬J 

K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J 


 W‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬‫א‬W J 


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬J 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J 

K‫א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J 

K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J 
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K      ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

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‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪٢٥٦‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

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‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
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‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬
‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫اﻹﺻﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺨﺮج‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫دوري‬ ‫رأﺳﻲ‬ ‫أﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻈﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫آﺘﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫‪-٥-‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

  E‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬F ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      E‫א‬  F ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٨
   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J ٩
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K  ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ WEF J 

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
K‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬        ‫א‬   W‫א‬   J 
‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W  J 

،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 ‫א‬   K   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬        W‫א‬    J 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬W J 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬





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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE١F

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
     














W
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW    KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬




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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WE٢F

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬

 W

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK   

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
 W‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 E٣F

 ‫א‬
 LLW‫א‬         
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 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
 LLW‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 ‫א‬    
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬    
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK     
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK     

 W‫א‬
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 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
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 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 

 K K‫א‬W١

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

 ‫؟‬K‫א‬‫א‬W٣

 KKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W٤

- ١٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   –   – ‫א‬ 
  ‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢








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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
K   ‫א‬    ‫א‬     
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬ J ٣

‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ W‫א‬  J ١
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    W‫א‬ ‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ J ٢
K
 W
  K‫א‬     ‫א‬    K‫א‬   ‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J ٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ -

- ١٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫؟‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ -
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J 
    K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬W J 

   K   ‫א‬    K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫؟‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J ١
K J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤

- ١٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬    
   ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬


‫ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻷﺧﺮى‬-


‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ واﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت‬-
‫ ﻣﺼﺎدر أﺧﺮى‬- ‫ﺳﺠﻼت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة‬


‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬


‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت أوﻟﻴﺔ‬


- ١٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 K‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬    ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣

 W‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J ٢
K
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  W‫א‬  J ٣
   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     
K‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬         
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 WW‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬      W‫א‬  -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    K‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬  J 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬W‫א‬ J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 W‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K ‫א‬ J ٥

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J ١
K ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬ J ٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦


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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،W‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J ٢
K‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬         ‫א‬   W ‫ א‬J ٣
‫א‬ K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬ W‫ א‬J ٤
   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KW‫ א‬J ٥
        ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬ J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬           ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫ א‬     K
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬      K‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       K ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K J ٣








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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K   ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬ J ٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W 
‫א‬ ، ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬W 
،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
E،،F‫א‬ J ٤

 W‫א‬W 
،   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬ KKKKK‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢

 W‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ،‫א‬  ،  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
- ٢٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J ٢
K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬ J ٢

 W‫א‬W 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬
    K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬     J ١
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J ١
K J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
 LLW‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
      ١
      ٢
      ٣
      ٤
      ٥
      ٦
      ٧
      ٨
      ٩
      ١٠

 W‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٢٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
 LLW‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

 W‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK


- ٢٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
 LLW‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

 W‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK


- ٣٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
 LLW‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
   
   
   
   
   
   
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   
   
   
   
   
 W‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 LLW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬

   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ٪
 KKKKKKKK١  KKKKKKKKKKK١ J J J J J J J J J J J J J  ١
 KKKKKKKK٢  KKKKKKKKKKK٢ J J J J J J J J J J J J J
 KKKKKKKK٣  KKKKKKKKKKK٣ J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J
 J
 KKKKKKKKK١  KKKKKKKK١ J J J J J J J J J J J J J  ٢
 KKKKKKKKK٢  KKKKKKKKK٢ J J J J J J J J J J J J J
 KKKKKKKKK٣  KKKKKKKKK٣ J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J
 J  J


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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
     ١

     ٢

     ٣

     ٤

     ٥
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     ٦
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    ‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬

- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 


 KKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١

 KKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

 KKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

- ٣٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
   ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢









- ٣٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
K‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬K‫א‬ J ٢
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     J ٣
K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KE
K‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬K J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J ٧
K
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J ٢
K
K‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W
 K‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       
 K‫א‬،



- ٣٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬      ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬     
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
K‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
K‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤
K‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥


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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬           W
 K‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ٣٦٢٥H  ٣٠{٠٠٠  ٣٣{٦٢٥  ١٤٢٠
 ٢٥٠٠J  ٣٢{٠٠٠  ٢٩{٥٠٠  ١٤٢١
 ٢٠٦٥J  ٢٩{٥٠٠  ٢٧{٤٣٥  ١٤٢٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W


40000
35000
30000
25000
‫ﺒ ﻴ ﻌﺎت ا ﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴﺔ‬
20000
‫ﻤ ﺒ ﻴ ﻌﺎت ا ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬
15000
‫ﻣ ﻘﺪار ا ﻻ ﻧﺤﺮاف‬
10000
5000
0
-5000 1420 1421 1422

- ٤١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E،
 K?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬W 
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬       E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 F       ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


35000
30000
25000
20000
‫ﺒ ﻴ ﻌﺎت ا ﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴﺔ‬
15000 ‫ﻤ ﺒ ﻴ ﻌﺎت ا ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ‬

10000 ‫ﻣ ﻘﺪار ا ﻻ ﻧﺤﺮاف‬

5000
0
-5000
1420 1421 1422


- ٤٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬     
 ‫א‬          
 ٣٣{٨٩٠  ٥{٧٠٠  ١٠{١٥٠  ٣{٢٩٠  ٦{٤٠٠  ٨{٣٥٠
 W‫א‬

‫ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ أ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ب‬
‫ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ج‬
‫ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ د‬
‫ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ هـ‬




 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬        
  K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 W،‫א‬‫א‬


- ٤٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ١٤٦٠  ١٦٠٠  ١٣٢٠  ١٥٠٠  ‫א‬
 ١٧٦٥  ١٧٤٠  ١٣٠٥  ١٦٢  
 ٢١١٠  ١٩١٠  ١٦٥٥  ١٨٤٥  
 ٢١٩٠  ٢٠٥٠  ١٩٧٠  ٢١٠٠  
 ١٩٣٠  ٢٢٢٠  ١٨٠٠  ١٩١٥  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



9000
8000
7000
6000 ‫ﺧﺎ ﻟﺪ‬
5000 ‫ه ﺸﺎم‬
4000 ‫ﺑﺮاه ﻴﻢ‬
3000 ‫أﺣﻤﺪ‬
2000
1000
0
‫ﺟﻤﺎدى ا ﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻧ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫رﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻌ ﺒﺎن‬ ‫رﻣ ﻀﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﻮال‬







- ٤٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 


 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١

 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

- ٤٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ?    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬
 K‫א‬?‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬? -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬? -

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫ א‬J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢




- ٤٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W?‫א‬‫א‬?W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ J ٣
K‫א‬

 W‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،W‫ א‬J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J ٤





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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ?‫א‬‫א‬?
 W?‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
K J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ? ‫?א‬   J ٧
K‫א‬
K J ٨

 ?‫א‬‫א‬?
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬KKK،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W -
 K
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W -
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬  K ‫א‬    W‫א‬ ‫א‬   J 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬W 
‫א‬    K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ -
K -

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬، -

 W‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬K‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫ א‬-
K‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
 W‫א‬
- ٤٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬   F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    -
KE‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K -
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬W 
    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫א‬‫א‬?

‫ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺪﺧﻠﺔ‬

‫"ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺟﺎهﺰة‬ ‫ﻓﺮز‬ - ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬ -
"‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻮﻳﺐ‬ - ‫داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ -
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ -

- ٥٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
         ‫א‬      
   ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫ א‬-
‫ א‬-
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W
 W‫א‬ J ١
  -
 -
‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
 -
‫א‬، -

- ٥١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬ J ٢
  -
‫א‬ -
 -
‫א‬ -
KKKKKKKKKKKKK -

 W‫א‬ J ٣
 ‫א‬ -
 -
‫א‬ -
 -
KKKKKKK‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬ J ٤
  -
 -
‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
KKKKKKKKKKKK -

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬

‫واﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 


 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢

 K‫؟א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،W٤

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K٢٠٠٠،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K E١F
K١٤٠٨،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E٢F
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K E٣F
K١٤١٥،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K،‫א‬K E٤F
K١٩٩٥،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،


 ‫א‬

- Richard L. Sandhusen, Marketing, Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 1987.

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 ‫א‬ ٢٥٦ ‫א‬
‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 
 ٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK 
 ١١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ١٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ٢٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬‫א‬ 
 ٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ٤٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 ٥١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 


 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

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