Gland Hormone Target tissue Principle Chemical

actions nature
Hypothalamus Releasing hormones Adenohypophysis Activate release peptides
of
adenohypophys
ial hormones
Hypothalamus Inhibiting hormones Adenohypophysis Inhibit release Peptides(exce
of pt prolactin-
adenohypophys inhibiting
ial hormones factor,
whichis
dopamine
Neurohypophys Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) kidneys Conserves Peptide (9
is water by amino acids)
stimulating its
reabsorption
from urine
Neurohypophys Oxytocin 1) Uterus 1)stimulates Peptide (9
is 2) Mammary contraction amino acids)
glands 2)stimulates
milk ejection
Adenohypophy Adrenocorticotropic Adrenal cortex Stimulates Peptide (39
sis hormone (ACTH) secretion of amino acids)
adrenal cortical
hormones such
as cortisol
Adenohypophy Melanocyte-stimulating skin Stimulates color Peptide(two
sis hormone (MSH) change in forms;13
reptiles and amino acids
amphibians; and 22 amino
various acids)
functions in
mammals
Adenohypophy Growth hormone (GH) Many organs Stimulates Protein
sis growth by
promoting bone
growth, protein
synthesis, and
fat breakdown
Adenohypophy Prolactin (PRL) Mammary glands Stimulates milk protein
sis production
Adenohypophy Thyroid –stimulating Thyroid gland Stimulates glycoprotein
sis hormone (TSH) thyroxine
secretion
Adenohypophy Luteinizing hormone (LH) gonads Stimulates glycoprotein
sis ovulation and
corpus luteum
 formation in
females;
stimulates
secretion of
testosterone in
males
Adenohypophy Follicle-stimulating gonads Stimulates glycoprotein
sis hormone (FSH) spermatogenesi
s in males;
stimulates
development of
ovarian follicles
in females
Thyroid gland Thyroid hormones Most cells Stimulates Amino acid
(thyroxine and metabolic rate; derivative
triiodothyronine) essential to (iodinated)
normal growth
and
development
Thyroid gland Calcitonin bones Inhibits loss of Peptide (32
calcium from amino acids)
bone
Parathyroid Parathyroid hormone Bones, kidneys, Raises blood Peptide (34
glands digestive tract calcium level by amino acids)
stimulating
bone
breakdown;
stimulates
calcium
reabsorption to
kidneys;
activates
vitamin D
Adrenal Epinephrine(adrenaline) Smooth muscle, Initiates stress Amino acid
medulla and cardiac muscle, responses; derivatives
norepinephrine(noradrenali blood vessels raises heart
ne) rate, blood
pressure,
metabolic rate;
dilates blood
vessels;
mobilize fat;
raises blood
glucose level
Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids(ex: cortisol) Many organs Adaptation to steroid
long-term
stress; raises
 blood glucose
level; mobilizes
fat
Adrenal cortex Mineralocorticoids(ex: Kidney tubules Maintains steroid
aldosterone) proper balance
of Na+ and K+
excretion
Pancreas Insulin Liver, skeletal Lowers blood Peptide (51
muscles, adipose glucose level; amino acids)
tissue stimulates
glycogen, fat,
protein
synthesis
Pancreas Glucagon Liver, adipose tissue Raises blood Peptide (29
glucose level; amino acids)
stimulates
breakdown of
glycogen in liver
Ovary Estradiol 1)general 1-stimulates steroid
2) female development of
Reproductive female
structures secondary sex
characteristics
2-stimulates
growth of sex
organs at
puberty and
monthly
preparation of
uterus for
pregnancy
Ovary Progesterone 1)uterus 1)completes steroid
2)mammary glands preparation for
pregnancy
2)stimulates
development
Testis Testosterone 1)many organs 1)stimulates steroid
2)male development of
reproductive secondary sex
structures characteristics
in males and
growth spurt at
puberty
2)stimulates
development of
sex organs;
stimulates
 spermatogenesi
s
Pineal gland Melatonin Gonads, brain. Regulates Amino acid
Pigment cells biological derivative
rhythms