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Iv-1 - Introduction - No Polym
Iv-1 - Introduction - No Polym
Examples: 3 1
3 1
C.1 in all, three good answers (⅓ weight each), all checked: P since no
0 1
bad answer is checked; 2 1
P 3 1
C.2 two good answers and one bad:
11 3
C.3 no good answer and one bad answer: Zero
June 5, 2008 FILS – Chemical Reactors 4
Preparatory Notions Revisited
Chemical Reactors
Outline of the Course:
Pre-chemical
processing physi- Chemical processing
Row materials cal treatment stages
steps
Post-chemical
processing
physical treat-
Products
ment steps
Mathematical Model
The “reality” as we Predictions not suffi-
ciently close to reality
are able to predict it
June 5, 2008 FILS – Chemical Reactors 8
Preparatory Notions Revisited
Chemical Reactors
Information used in chemical reactor modeling
Chemical
Reactor
Modeling
Non-catalytic Catalytic
• parallel A R
k1
• competitive A S
k2
A R
k1
• side – by – side B S
k2
A B k 1 R
• mixed R B k 2 S
• polymerization
June 5, 2008 FILS – Chemical Reactors 11
Preparatory Notions Revisited
Elementary vs. Non-elementary
Reactions
A 0 rank
R S
Multiple reactions ij Aj 0
i 1 j 1
The rule of thumb advocates that, for a single reaction chemical process,
conversion is the appropriate measure of transformation, while the degree of
advancement should be used for all other cases.
j Aj 0
j 1
k d q Q s S K
a A b BK
kr
N A0 N A NB0 NB b N A0
XA ; XB XB XA
N A0 N B0 a N B0
q
N A N A0 1 X A N Q N A0 M QA X A N Aj 0
a M jA
b s N A0
N B N A0 M BA X A N S N A0 M SA X A
a a
June 5, 2008 FILS – Chemical Reactors 15
Preparatory Notions Revisited
Measuring the progress of the
chemical process
The degree of advancement / The extent S
N Aj N Aj 0
; j 1, 2,K , S N A j N A j 0 j
j
R S
Multiple reaction chemical process ij Aj 0
i 1 j 1
N N Aj 0 R
N Aj N Aj 0 ij i
Aj
i i
; i 1, 2,K , R
ij i 1
S R
NT N 0 ij i
j 1 i 1
N X A 0
N X A 1
for gas phase reactions
V V N X A 0
X A 0 X A 1
A
V X A 0 X A 1
X A 0
for liquid phase reactions
X A 1
j j
N A0 M jA X A M jA X A
a a
y Aj S S
j j
N A0 M jA X A M jA X A
a a
j 1 j 1
Multiple reaction chemical process
R R
N Aj 0 ij i y Aj 0 ij M i
y Aj S
i 1
R
S
i 1
R
N 0 ij i 1 ij M i
j 1 i 1 j 1 i 1
S
C p j C p , Aj
j 1
j 1
1 1 dN Aj 1 d i
ri , i 1, 2,K , R
V ij dt V dt
i
June 5, 2008 FILS – Chemical Reactors 21
Preparatory Notions Revisited
Chemical kinetics
The change in moles of any species is, for a single reaction
dN Aj
V j r V rAj
dt
dN Aj R dN Aj R
ij V ri V rAj
dt
dt i i 1
i 1
A B Q S , KC
kd
kr
k d C R CS
KC
k r C AC B