nuclear units. Different size units of ach type were evaluated and, in conjunction with similar or other sized units a schedule was formed to bring in each, in the optimum sequence. i Soa ee fore ‘or thermal power projects, various locations were considered in relation to their proximity to load centres, availability of cooling water, trans” Pasta] [Esa port of fuel supply, access'to the transmission system, and ecological oie | Pisaae peated Oaeae 9 orate 5 if ia Casi 9 Costa aspects eae ea um sequence for Opti future installations ‘0M ‘ee (anauin) ar) best ie ‘The principal goal of the Electricity Supply plan was to determine the ‘optimum sequence of future instal- lations, to specify the dates when they would be required to commence operation, to decide whether they should be hydro or thermal plants, and to define any extensions to the transmission network. An uprated plant should satisfy specified criteria relating to security, and be able to reserve capacity while promoting the highest possible economic return, Face (arti Pyaar i eae Su ora a) Bapatcers ears cial sa To establish the Plan, a study period terminating in the year 2000 Paar Pata Pasta ‘was adopted; within this period a 4 recommended installation sequence ‘was determined for the years between ig 2 Fea sah Eonar] = [sonar Ease 1976 and 1990, and an_ outline development for the last decade of the century. The optimal combination of power stations which can cover the fore cast demand with a defined margin of safety and reserved capacity was ] ‘se (carson determined during the planning pro- cess. Account was taken of the geographical location of consump- tion centres and their estimated demand for electricity, existing in- stallations, those under construction, and the siting of proposed hydro’and thermal power- plants and their associated technical and economical characteristics. ‘The process regards projects as components of an integrated system, so that the evaluation of schemes is not made on individual basis. As a result, the way in which all generating components would be operated was considered involving a load dispatch whenever an addi- tional plant is installed to determine the effect of this on existing units. In this way, proposed new plants and their associated transmission systems are evaluated in terms of the total system over the medium and long term. The procedure requires the analysis and evaluation of alternative installation sequences. Each sequence is defined by a combination of hydroelectric and thermal plants which would enable the projected peak and total ‘energy demands to be satisfied in each year of the planning, period up to the year 2000, and comply with the reserve power criteria for capacity’ and transmission margins. ‘The formulation of the sequence must cover all tech- nically acceptable possibilities ranging from pure thermal to pure hydro systems, to ensure that the alternative considered includes the optimal hydro-thermal com- bination Fig. 8. Example of an alternative development in the Cahabon river basin. For the economic evaluation of the project sequences, cost flows were analysed over a 50-year period to ensure a valid comparison when useful project Ifetime exceeded the 24 year planning period. The present-worth value of the cost flow is calculated for each sequence. each sequence consideration is given to costs of initial investment, operation and maintenance, fuel costs in the case of thermal plants, and reinvestment costs ‘when the useful plant life ends within the analysed period, Calculation of annual fuel costs requires a simulation of national distribution of generating energy, which is made for each year on the basis of the expected load duration curve. Each sequence comprises a schedule of plant con- struction covering the ig period to the year 2000, after which the demand and composition of the electrical system are assumed constants for the last 26 years con- sidered in the analysis. Given the large volume of basic data, and the complexity of the planning problem, the methodology relies to @ large extent on the use of & computer. The integrated planning problem to be solved in this study has the following dimensions: © A planning period of 24 years (1977-2000) in which it