‘Table lt—Characteristics of pumped-storage plants [Number Installed* Annual energy Pump Pumping Total Economic of capacity ‘peneration| capacity energy investment factor vunits —“Catw) “Gwhy iw) (Gwin Gxio) Mwy No. Plant from 10 from to from 10 fiom 10 to from to 1 El Duran 4 (QT 344 907 4590 310 Is30 1358 G70 12698-8638 2 Calderas 1 4 1361 68731987 10038 6873370 009: 7761 133 661 Sk 3 Galderas 2 4 208 9890 294614439 1000 A775 4380 20904 356 646 7 ‘Table IIlCharactorietice of the thermal projects ‘Capacity (MW) Useful Construction ‘Organisation Specific Installed ‘Availablet —Tife ‘period. Investment ‘and'method fuel cost costs (years) Gears) ($x 10) Svea) SMW) 0 a » 2 2403 039 237 100 36 » 2 3.76 Oss 1906 150 a % 3 Stet 090 18:00 250 Bs 0 3 8733 108 102 300 22 0 3 99.63 12 Iga 350, 3338 EY 3 35947 558 23 oo 30 » 6 084 62 21 00 34 2%» 2 2083 890 23 250, 238 20 3 S13 199 Dats 20 2L is i +3 006 3488 8 ies 15 1 639 205 337 0 23 15 Sas on 3338 Fa 792 15 1 1303 on 3280 100, 1055 15 1 1730 023 3a74 23 2 1039 O18 2178 2 15 026 as evaluated by simulation. The optimization procedure proceeds in the following steps: @ The technical and economic characteristics of the hhydroelectric projects are estimated with the EVAL program, and this data constitutes the Catalogue of Hydroplants. Secondary benefits are included where discharge could be employed for other purposes; © On the basis of the Hydroelectric Project Catalogue, the Thermal Plant Catalogue and the estimated capacity and energy demands, a world-wide optimization is made withthe program GLOBO, producing “a continuous solution of the problem by a linear programming algo- rithm. This solution indicates an optimal mix, which can bbe used as a reference solution for the simulation runs; @ Installation sequences are produced by the program SEQSI which takes as input data the project Catalogues ‘and demand forecasts. The installed capacities considered for a given hydro project in any run are selected at random within defined limits. In this way, the general hydro- clecirie Catalogue is reduced to the actual hydroelectric Catalogue. The installation of projects is decided on basis of 58 different installation priority criteria, giving rise to the same number of sequences for the particular actual hydro Catalogue. Thus, some 3500 project sequences ‘were found to meet the demand and reliability constraints. @ For cach generating sequence, the necessary extensions to the transmission network’ were determined with program REDEX on the basis of annual investment cost minimization. The associated cash flow from investment, ‘operation and maintenance were also calculated, ‘@ For the recommended sequence, the interdependence between hydroelectric projects in the same river system ‘was assessed using program SIMUP, which estimates the improved energy production from increased regulation. ‘© The transmission network associated with the recom- mended sequence was analysed in detail using program FLUJO to determine load flows. © The present worth cost of each sequence was cal- culated using the simulation program INSIM, which incorporates a load dispatch optimisation algorithm for the determination of annual fuel costs based on the integrated load curve.