Domain Name System

By
-Menaka Sarkar B.
Contents
├ DNS
├ Components
Resolvers
Name servers
DNS database (resource record)
├ DNS Scavenging.
Host file names
• Each ip address was manually mapped to
its domain name.

not
• disadvantages 

manageable in bigger
networks, not optimized,
had to be downloaded,
integrity constraints, not
up-to-date.
 Introduction to DNS
• A distributed database
• Domains as indexes.
• Replication
• Caching
• Delegation
Components of DNS
• Resolver
• Name server
• Database of resource records(RRs)
resolver  client
Standard Name Resolution: 

Reverse Name Resolution: 

Electronic Mail Resolution: based

on e-mail address
 DNS Query
• Non-recursive or iterative: between
names servers.
• Recursive: client resolver server
• Reverse : client gives ip address
and servers output the domain
name.
Name servers
• The primary master – global catalog,
authoritative server
• Secondary master – from the primary
server.
• Caching name server – caches the
queries.
• Root name server - Internet.
 Resource records
•  DNS name servers store DNS information
in the form of resource records (RRs).
Each RR contains a particular type of
information about a node in the DNS tree

Text files Binary format

DNS records
• A
• AAAA
• CNAME
• MX
• PTR
• NS
• SOA
• SRV
• TXT
 DNS scavenging
• In mobile or adhoc networks, stale records
may be created
• No-Refresh Interval; prohibits updates for
a specific period.
• Refresh Interval; allows updates for a
specific period after which a record can be
deleted.