laSa CaxvaZe

humanitarul mecnierebaTa
fakultetis inglisuri filologiis II
semestris doqtoranti
xelmZ.: srul.prof. m.gelaSvili

j.joisis leqsi “A Memory of the Players in a Mirror at Midnight”

j.joisis poezias mkvlevarTa erTi nawili (magaliTad, s.l.goldbergi, r.m.adamsi, d.aiersi,
j.neSi da sxv.)TiTqmis ar axsenebs TavianT naSromebSi. mkvlevarTa meore nawili (n.fargnoli,
l.spinksi, v.mahafei) ki mxolod fragmentulad exeba mas. 1965 wels r.h.demingis redaqtorobiT
gamosul joisis bibliografiaSi (7,70) uSualod joisis poeziisadmi miZRvnilia eqvsi naSromi. xolo
internetSi ganTavsebul bibliografiebSi(11) joisis poeziis kvlevebi sakmaod mwiria. Cemi azriT,
es faqti SeiZleba aixsnas imiT, rom joisis mkvlevarebi mis poezias ar Tvlian iseTive Rirebulebis
mqoned, rogorc “axalgazrda xelovanis portrets”, “ulises” an “fineganis qelexs”. joisis
poeziasTan dakavSirebuli midgomebi Zalze mokled ase SeiZleba SevajamoT: 1. joisis poezia
unda gavigoT “ulises” gadmosaxedidan (u.tindali 5,202); 2. joisis poezia arsebiTad modernizmis
erT-erTi fragmentia; 3. joisis poezia Tu mas SevadarebT t.s.eliotis da e.paundis Semoqmedebas,
versifikaciis TvalsazrisiT sustia; 4. joisis Semoqmedebis es periodi, Rirebulia imdenad,
ramdenadac gvexmareba joisi mTlianobaSi gavigoT...(6, 47). am mosazrebebs aqvT garkveuli
faqtobrivi safuZveli: joisis poezia formisa Tu Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT marTlac ver gautoldeba
t.s.eliotisa da e.paundis poezias, joisis Zala yvelaze kargad mainc mis prozaul nawarmoebebSi
gamovlinda; joisis poeziaSi aris garkveuli niSnebi modernizmisa, rasac qvemoT davasabuTebT;
mTavari rasac ver daveTanxmebi, aris joisis poeziaSi Rirebulebis danaxva mxolod mis
modernistuli siaxleebSi; me Sevecdebi davasabuTo, rom joisis poezia Rirebulia ara mxolod misi
modernistuli, aramed tradiciuli qristianuli diskursis TvalsazrisiTac (erTi saetapo leqsis analizis
safuZvelze). joiss ekuTvnis leqsebis ori krebuli. pirveli, “Chamber Music” 1907
gamoica, xolo meore, “Pomes Penyeach” 1927 wels(6,45-46).rac Seexeba mis adreul poetur
krebulebs, varaudoben rom joisma isini gaanadgura da rac SemogvrCa, esaa fragmentebi
leqsebisa Moods da Shine and Dark (5,200 ). mkvlevarTa nawili
(n.fargnoli, 4) joisis poezias ZiriTadad misi pirveli krebulis (“Chamber Music”) safuZvelze
ikvlevs. sxvebi (magaliTad,v.mahafei) joisis poezias ganzogadebulad, joisis Semoqmedebis
saerTo maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT ganixilaven (5,179-183). gamomdinare iqedan, rom
Cemi mizani joisis poeziis zogadi literaturul-filosofiuri xasiaTis dadgenaa, faqtobriv masalas
(joisis ori krebuli da sxva fragmentuli leqsebi) dayrdnobili Teoriuli analizi, am miznis
misaRwevad gamarTlebulia. gavaanalizeb joisis leqss: “A memory of the players in a mirror at
Midnight”. es leqsi, Cemi azriT, joisis poeziis zogad tendenciebs kargad gamoxatavs.
rodesac mkvlevari leqsis aanalizebs, am leqsis Sinaarsis gadmocema sakmaod rTulia.
prozauli nawarmoebisagan gansxvavebiT, leqsebSi fabulis fiqsireba da misi meSveobiT
garkveuli daskvnebis gamotana, sakmaod Sromatevadi saqmea. miuxedavad amisa, vfiqrob, rom
leqsis “A memory of the players in a mirror at Midnight” Sinaarsis gadmocema mainc
aucilebelia, radganac swored Sinaarsi prevalirebs am leqsis sazrisis gaazrebis procesSi.
leqsSi mocemulia gvian RameSi erTmaneTs Cakruli Seyvarebulebis
ambavi. gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia, Cacvenil ybebiani arsebis xorcieli vnebis Tema. erT-erTi
Seyvarebulis sunTqva, mJavea, msgavsad katis sunTqvisa...leqsis bolos mocemulia mowodeba:
SeTqvlifon sakuTari guli, mariliani sisxli da cremlTa nayofi(“Pluck forth your heart, saltblood, a
fruit of tears. Pluck and devour! “ (8,3). mTlianad moviyvan moculobiT am mcire leqss,
raTa mkiTxvels garkveuli warmodgena Seeqmnas:

“They mouth love's language. Gnash

The thirteen teeth
Your lean jaws grin with. Lash
Your itch and quailing, nude greed of the flesh.
Love's breath in you is stale, worded or sung,
As sour as cat's breath,
Harsh of tongue.

This grey that stares

Lies not, stark skin and bone.
Leave greasy lips their kissing. None
Will choose her what you see to mouth upon.
Dire hunger holds his hour.
Pluck forth your heart, saltblood, a fruit of tears.
Pluck and devour! “ (8,3)
 am leqsis struqturas qmnis ramdenime elementis urTierTkavSiri: katis sunTqva, Rame,
Cacvenil ybebiani arseba da xorcieli vneba. joisi dasaxelebuli elementebis urTierTmimarTebas
ar amowuravs maTi ZiriTadi semantikuri an stilisturi konteqstiT. aq igi iyenebs asociaciis da
aluziis SemdgomSi cnobil meTods. zemoT naxsenebi elementebi srulad gaigeba mxolod maSin,
rodesac maTi asociaciuri kulturuli konteqsti gaanalizdeba. kata qristianul simbolikaSi
eSmakTan asocirdeba,xolo Rame,-jojoxeTTan. es religiuri konteqsti leqsSi gamZafrebulia
siyvarulis katis “mJave sunTqvasTan” SedarebiT. romantikos poetebTan (Seli, baironi)
siyvarulis amgvari warmodgena ar gvxvdeba. maTTan siyvaruli amaRlebulis simboloa. joisTan
ki siyvarulis warmodgena simbolur da fiziologiur aspeqtSia gadawyvetili. saTauri, romelSic
“SuaRame” erT-erTi elementia, win uswrebs siyvarulis, rogorc “mJave sunTqvis” groteskul
metaforizacias. swored saTauri gvaZlevs saSualebas, gavigoT, Tu ras niSnavs ukve naxsenebi
Sedareba. Ramis, rogorc jojoxeTisa da eSmakis sabrZanisis wiaRSi, xdeba siyvarulis gardaqmna
katis “mJave sunTqvad”, rac adamianuri saxis dakargvis da gadagvarebis simboloa. amave dros,
joisi am gardaqmnis reprezentaciis gamZafrebuli warmodgenis mizniT, iyenebs fiziologiuri
gaRizianebis meTods, roca mkiTxvelSi katis usiamo mJave sunTqvas siyvarulTan,
amaRlebulTan daakavSirebs. garkveuli zizRis warmoqmnis Semdeg, joisi kvlav axal siurprizs
gvTavazobs, rodesac gadagvarebuli siyvarulis saxes goTikuri romanebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
Savbneli elferiT amkobs: siyvaruli, garda imisa, rom zizRs iwvevs, amave dros SiSis wyarocaa
eSmakiseulobis gamo. am simbolistur-fiziologiuri TamaSebiT leqsi iqceva garkveul gamocanad.
mkiTxvelzea damokidebuli: Sewyvets igi am leqsis sazrisis Ziebas fiziologiuri Sris doneze Tu
gahyveba mis simbolur fenebs. teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT, es leqsi garkveuli siaxlea masSi
gamoyenebuli asociaciuri meTodis gamo (katis saxe). Tumca, Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT, aq
wamyvania iezuituri diskursi, romlis nawilia joisi Tavisi aRzrdiT, ganaTlebiT da
msoflmxedvelobiT. am iezuitur diskursSi, sadac eSmakis mier kacis xelSi Cagdebazea saubari,
siyvaruli misi xrwnadi formiTaa mocemuli. fargnoli miuTiTebs
am leqsis imaJistur xasiaTze(4,70), rac Cemi azriT dausabuTebelia. imaJistebisTvis mTavari
xatis Seqmna da warmodgenaa. xati aluziuri da simbolisturi datvirTvisgan Tavisufalia. xati aris
is, rac aris. igi TavisTavadia da ara raRac konceptis simbolo. xati ar daiyvaneba da arc
gamoxatavs risime koncepts. imaJistisaTvis vardi mSvenieria TavisTavad, da ara misi
simbolurobis gamo. es sruliad sxva midgomaa sakiTxisadmi Tu mas joisis Sexedulebebs
SevadarebT. radganac, joisis miswrafeba aluziur-asociaciuri teqnikisadmi, misi survili Seiqmnas
erTiani maradiuli samyaro maradiuli droiT da sivrciT, yovlismomcveloba, rasac mxolod
vizualizacia ver amowuravs, aqarwylebs mosazrebas joisis poeziis imaJizmTan arsebiTi
kavSiris Sesaxeb. joiss ara mxolod xatis Seqmna surs, aramed unda rom samyaro yvela Tavisi
reprezentatuli elementiT: xatiT, simbolikiT, aluziiT, istoriul-filosofiuri qveteqstebiT moicvas.
joisisaTvis samyaros reprezentacia vizualizaciis raoden daxvewili formac ar unda iyos is, ver
iqneba amomwuravi. misTvis reprezentacia aris kvlavSoba am samyarosi, Sesaqmes
minimodelis Seqmna, sadac yvela arsebiTi komponenti antikurobis (homerosi), Sua
saukuneebis(T. aqvineli) Tu Tanamedroveobis (marqsi, nicSe, bergsoni da a.S.) specifikiT Tavs
iyris erTad iyris. es daaxloebiT iseTive grandiozuli proeqtia literaturis istoriaSi, rogorc m.
haidegeris “yofiereba da dro” filosofiis istoriaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, joisis poezia,
miuxedavad garkveuli simpaTiebisa, mainc ufro farTo da gansxvavebul esTetikur koncefcias
eyrdnoba da debulebas joisisa da imaJistebis arsebiTi kavSiris Sesaxeb naklebi teqstualuri
safuZveli gaaCnia. am leqsis analizic amas adasturebs: aq wamyvani simbolisturi Sreebia, rac
imaJistur leqss naklebad axasiaTebs.
mocemul leqsSi aseve Cans modernizmis Tematuri elementebi: gadagvareba, xrwna,
warsulTan kontrastuloba, sazrisis Zieba warsulSi, saTqmelis simbolizacia da misi gagebis
garTuleba. joiss am leqsSi morgebuli aqvs tragi-komikuri niRabi da TviTidentifikacias cdilobs.
igi cdilobs daadginos: mainc ra dgas am xrwnis miRma? iqneb es xrwna arc aris da amgvari
aRqma mkiTxvelis tradiciuli religiuri warmodgenebiTaa ganpirobebuli, rac arc joiss aklia.
leqsSi katis sunTqva prevalirebs, magram kata xom sibrZnis simbolocaa egviptur miTologiaSi.
Rame SiSis momgvrelia fsiqologiurad, radganac daucvelobas da Tavdasxmis qvecnobier
motivebs ukavSirdeba, magram xom SeiZleba, rom es mxolod SiSi iyos da mas araviTari
safuZveli gaaCndes? ratom iyenebs joisi am SiSismomgvrel elemetentebs? mxolod mxatvruli
efeqtis varaudi aq aradamakmayofilebeli pasuxia. joisi cxovrobs epoqaSi, romelic
grandiozuli cvlilebebis momswrea da momlodine. ukve gamosulia nicSes “ase ityoda
zaratustra”; vagneris dionisuri musika evropul musikas yofis tragizmis da Seucnoblobis
Tematikaze miuTiTebs; k.marqsis mier safuZvelCayrili revoluciuri ganwyoba socialuri
dapirispirebebisken da janyisken midis evropaSi Tu ara, caristul ruseTSi mainc; rac mTavaria,
evropuli civilizacia, rogorc mogvianebiT gamosuli o.Spengleris “evropis daisi” (1918)
aCvenebs, krizisSia. swored es konteqsti xdis am leqss gamocanad: joisze rogorc moralistze
saubari sakmaod Znelia, magram maSin rogor SeiZleba avxsnaT am leqsis intencia? marTalia,
me vaxsene rom es iezuituri diskursia, magram es am leqsis intenciis axsnis mxolod erTi
variantia. Cemi azriT, aq gamosavali, miuxedavad joisis mier SemoTavazebuli TamaSebisa,
mainc mis biografiul konteqstSi unda veZioT da es konteqsti iezuituria. esaa e. loilas mier
danaxuli samyaro eSmakis klanWebSi, sadac xsna kvlav tradiciuli qristianuli diskursSia,
radganac xrwnis winaaRmdeg kacs marto brZola, RvTis gareSe, ar SeuZlia.
joisis es leqsi modernistul-iezuituria. es niSnavs, rom joiss
gansxvavebiT igive Spenglerisgan, garkveuli optimizmis wyaro ar daSretia tradiciuli qristianuli
msoflxedvis TvalsazrisiT. Tu paralels gavavlebT t.s.eliotTan, romelic konservatori anglikania,
modernistebis tradiciul religiur doqtrinebze dayrdnoba faSizmis, aTeizmis da komunizmis
aRmasvlis periodSi gasakviri ar unda iyos.

gamoyenebuli kritikuli da bibliografiuli literatura:

1. S.L. Goldberg. “ Joyce”. Oliver and Boyd: Edinburgh and London, 1962
2. R.M.Adams. “James Joyce: Common Sense and Beyond”. Random House: New York,
1969
3. J.Nash. “James Joyce and the Act of Reception”. Cambridge University Press, 2006
4. A.Nicholas Fargnoli and M.P.Gilespie. “James Joyce: A Literary Reference to his Life and
Work. Facts on File, 2006
5. The Cambridge Companion to James Joyce. Ed. D.Attridge. Cambridge University Press,
2004
6. L.Spinks. “James Joyce”. Edinburgh University Press, 2009
7. A Bibliography of James Joyce Studies. Ed. R.H.Deming. University of Kansas
Libraries,1964

internet-resursebi

8. James Joyce. Poems. Publisher: www.Poems Hunter.com, 2006

9. James Joyce. “Chamber Music”. www. theotherpages.org/poems/joyce01.html
10. James Joyce. “Pomes Penyeach” . www.robotwisdom.com/jaj/pomes.html
11. James Joyce. A Bibliography. 2010, www.poetry-archive.com/…/joyce_james_bib…