Io 5~1£d th~ tra fij~,ml~sbnl tKh (j1!qILlI~§ 1h~ tml d~lrt~e ,r~d IlJdlroo of Illnti1!,rr1!il~1'Y1i!

Tt're.@ mlu ~t~ IJle ac:[es5 5( hEine 5, [I FD~lA (frreq IU et1Qr-dl'151~n m u 111 P 1!2' atCIa SS) rt TCl MA CtllT'l·d ~ISD n rmJ~tJple Ea ae55~1 ~. (D~lIA (co[J~" !rlsllDn rn U11~lp ~e ~[C'I!; ~l

r~. f~" t 11 '4.1]1 ""I '[':1 t 'I' tJ~ 't~,!" .. , ~11' C~,~ ca" [4.·,,·,,·

DUPLEXING SYSTEM

. _. . .

• A" dup "lex communication -yo stern is

_ _ _ _ . '. _ 5 5

asvstern composed of two connect·ed parties or devices which can communicate with one another in both directions

Currently there exist onley two duplexinc tech n olooi es ~ n wirel ess CQ:m mu n ication 5,

.: Freq.uency dlvlslon duplexing{FD·D·)

•. Time dlvislon duplexlnq (TD'D')i

. .. . - -

- .

: . - _________;_-e- :e-- -~'::'O·-':"""""':_~---=- -

. ---;- t .

----~- ~. ~ :!_:_______-- . '

- I

Hon1e ba~~ '1 ~

I

Adja(e~,t base 'I

=================-

Adjii9lce lilt base

f1

--------------~------------

f.~ +

flflJ~

tI-t tltJ

====-== ==- ==-- == --== - ======== = ===-

-_. ---_._- - - ---_.

. - . . _. . - .. - _. -

• Code-division duplextnq (COD) is an

.. .

innovative solution that can eliminate

all kinds of interference.

.: CDMA is the best multiple access, scheme when compared to all others for combating interference.

.' A set of smart codes can make a hiqhcapacity CDMA system very effective without adding other technoloqles.

•. The smart code plus TDD is called COD ..

i2

- .

. -_ -.'

..... .

~ TC ~

[CH r~111 st on WI ndc IS

-----------------------------

-------------------

-----------------------

---_._----------------------

'_____--I!I L3 ......__ ...... I C~ L...________.I (5

I.....- _ ____.I (~~ ,L...___-----I!I C~

I r, ,-~-

~====='!

Reflle·cto r

· -

.: W'e do not need ·the· strength' 'of more

than one path. siqnal to be added for increasing carri er-to .... i nterference

ratio (ell) since we are only receiving carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N.), not C/I.,

.! The rest of the signals from different paths do not cause any' interference, and there is no need to use any means to collect them for the

purpose of reduci ng in terference 23

U:SIN:G :S'M'AR:T' 'C'ODE -SE-QU'ENCE,S-'T'O' REDU,CEINTERFERENCE'

Smart code sequences have two p rap erties:

.: Auto .... correlation equals zero, which causes no m ultipath interference.

.' Cross .... correlation equals zero, which causes no m ulti-user i nterference

.! Smart code sequ:ences will effectively work in 10D scenarios and become a CDD system

24

! ",J

" r.,.'

H10me 'b;;~!'

,."

, ""AdJfl cent, ,~"' r X~ Ii • .' _ .. ~',"" ~ .. ~,~,:, b~5el o!"~

!f

..

c,

J. . ",,;~

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- --

------------------------

----------_._- -- ------ -_._--- ---

-·=C_D_·~B_··· tS_:7 ·tE~_e_, fD~D·l--t-tl-ec-~j~q--e·.a.I-:s~Y_-g~eED=-··-fQ.·-f'-.-'. _

_ ... . ... _. ... .....

-·-a=s.~¥ID~ml~tF~~l~r£alf~-.~:·- ---------

-- - - - - ----

·11[-· -r-r-l~r:s-'h-a"" s-the -h·:;-·g·"h·-e-·-··s"' -t' -s-"p--e":' c trum

. , ·LU~LJ. , ... ~' .: ' ", .. I I ,~~,~: • ,I •• " •• - -" ••• - •• - ( "

====-=~----- ------ ._----------- ._--_ .. _._--_._------_ .. _. --_._-_. ------ ~=--= ======-====

efficiency andean be used in thenew

- .fhfr·d ~·.g-en·er.a·tio·n-E.3·G~)-.s~ys~t-em·s.,. -

--=1II-::r-n:e~CQ-D-sys=te-m:- c~a-i1:g--es-tne- ---

environm 'en t . from .an i nterference-

. _ .. --- ._._ --_. - _._--_._ -------- -- _. - . _._ ---- -- -- ._---_ .. -- --- ---- - -_._- -- ---_. -_.-

limited one to a noise-limited one

28

I,

, ,

I

y-'

,~ -:

·_--------

----

--------- --------------

. - -_._- - -- -_.- - _._-- _- ---- _.. _. __ .-

- - --- ---_ - _._ .. - -------

... . - . .... ... - - .. . . .

.• ' In 'other ·TD I): system sthe 'codes are

no . .t smart, .5_0 .the receiver .not onlv receives its desired code, bu:t also

.. receives Interference (1) from .. other c.eI151;

., Sometimes, the interference is so high it. can mask the desired slqnal.

.; In the LAS CDD system, because of· the smart codes, the receiver only receives the desired code, no

i n terferen cell

)0

TH'E TRIAL O'F THE. C. D. 0- SI'YS,TEM

- -

.i' A worklnq trlal of the CDD.' system has been in Shanqhai, China. slnce the beqlnn ~ng of Septern ber 20.011. i

.: Voice and 'video, was transmltted at 384 kh/s throu.gh d: 1 a6 MHz unpaired band while the mobile was, travellnq at speeds ln excess of 30' mph,

.: The trlal successfully proved the technology and concept of a CDD· system

31.

A 'WIRE.LE·S·S, IP' N·E-TWORK S·QILUTION

.• : A. ·CD'D svstern ls ldeal for Internet communications, which makes a total wireless IP network sclution h'~ghty desirable.

• On December 15, 19i99, four companies ~ Vodafone Airtouch, Cisco Systems, Hvundai, and Telos T'echnollo,gy~ made a! demo: for ai switch less IP core network ln Reno" Nevada [6]i

.: The ~BT'S connects to: the IP core network, as shown in F'~gi

32

· . RJd:k!, UiWe1J

k~obil~ ,~~ . ffina:fl1Bg.er

.' 'The function of the switch ls broken down lnto two:

mob'Iitv manaqernent and call process.nq. .: The handoff funcnon ls carrled bv the selective dlstrtbution unit (SDU)~-

.' The separated funcnons are placed o·n the ga:tewaiYs, to, the core network.

• The demo: of carrvtnc voice over IP from mobile tOI mobile and mobile to landllne was su ccessfu L

• The CD'D' system's future IP core network wltl follow this approach.

.: The cost wUI be lower, and add-on features cain be verv flexible and easy.

34

--_.-

----------

·--.C·D.O-TE.C:HNO'LOGY·-IS··-A· --N~~~W·:MIL.E-·STON12·

-_ .

• - Th ~···L,AS···s.·ma·rt codes-are-the -·~rie:xt ·bre~·kthi~ow.gh technolog·y .

•. Applyinq LAS~ technology to a, IDD· system becomes a CDD svstern,

• The benefit of using a IDD system for

~(j"nt~urii c~i.~ion·~. is ,tna·t_ ~h~· ~,e~lidii1 9 a.n d_ ~etei vrng a.re alternating In time at a single frequency,

• Without the sending ar d receiving occurrinq at the same time we can use the same smart code for botf sending and recelvinq:

• thus, LAS + T·OID, ::: CD·D,.

• CDD is no more like TOD a.n d is a: better svstem for cell u I ar,

35

REDUCE INTERFERENCE~LIMffED ENVIRO!NMENT'

TO NOI/S'E~LIMIT;ED' ENVIRO;NMENT'

• Before 198.9', cellular systems were u si ng rnultipl e cells wi·th multiple frequencies assigned in each cell m

• These systems generate ar interference= limited en vironment,

• After 19891 multiple cells used the same frequency. Although the capacity in creased usinq CDMAJ the svstcm is still in an interference= limited en vlronrnent,

• After 20001 the CDD system is developec.

• This system changes the environment from a;n interference= limited one to a noise-limited one,

36

:- ,,:,,:" - :- _ - I - - ."':". -:: - - - .,:".- -_ -_ I -: • _ _ :-- _-_ --::

_ - - _. . _ _ __ - : - _ .. - - -

-

--------------------------------------------