Seminar-1-Sustainable Neighbour Hood & Green Rating System-Abhishek Jain

Practices for a
Sustainable Neighborhood
&
Green Rating System
PROJECT SEMINAR -1
ABHISHEK JAIN
SPA| NS | BEM | 467
SECOND SEMESTER 2010
Depa rtme nt of Bu il ding Engin eeri ng a nd Ma nag emen t
School of Planning and Architecture

New Delhi – 110002
May 2010
Practices for a
&
Green Rating System
PROJECT SEMINAR -1
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
Masters in Building Engineering and Management of the School of Planning and Architecture,
(Deemed to be a University), New Delhi.
ABHISHEK JAIN
SPA| NS | BEM | 467

May 2010
Practices for a
&
Green Rating System
PROJECT SEMINAR -1
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of
Masters in Building Engineering and Management of the School of Planning and Architecture,
(Deemed to be a University), New Delhi.
ABHISHEK JAIN
SPA| NS | BEM | 467

May 2010
PAGE | ii
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project seminar titled “PRACTICES FOR A

SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBORHOOD & GREEN RATING” has been submitted
by ABHISHEK JAIN (BEM/467) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the Master’s degree in Building and Management at the School of
Planning and Architecture, New Delhi (deemed to a university), is a record of the
students own work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance.
-------------------- -----------------------
Prof. Virendra Kumar Paul
Ms. Renuka V. Bhoge
Head of the Department
Seminar Guide
Professor and Head of Department
Lecturer
Department of Building Engineering
Department of Building Engineering
& Management
& Management
New Delhi
New Delhi
Place: New Delhi

Place: New Delhi
Date:
Date:
------------------------ ---------------------------------
Ms. Dipti Gupta Mr. Manish Jain
Seminar Guide Seminar Guide
Visiting Faculty Visiting Faculty
Department of Building Engineering Department of Building Engineering
& Management & Management
School of Planning and Architecture School of Planning and Architecture
New Delhi New Delhi
Place: New Delhi Place: New Delhi

Date: Date:
PAGE | iii
CERTIFICATE
I Abhishek Jain hereby certify that no part of this report is reproduced or copied
from another literature source, (published or unpublished). All works used for the
purpose of this study are duly referred and acknowledge in the relevant portions of
this report and sources indicated.
Date: _ _ | _ _ | _ _ _ _ Signature
Name of student: Abhishek Jain
Class of years: 2009-2010
Page | iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly indebted to my guides Ms. Renuka Bhoge, Ms. Dipti Gupta & Mr.
Manish Jain, Visiting Faculty, Department of Building Engineering and
Management for their able guidance, continuous encouragement and advice, who
very painstakingly went through the report and made many useful suggestions.
I also wish to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. V. Thiruvengadam,

Professor, Department of Building Engineering and Management for his valuable
suggestions and constructive criticism of the work during the class reviews
I am extremely grateful to Prof. Virendra Kr. Paul, Professor and Head of the
Department of Building Engineering & Management for his valuable suggestions
and advice during the stages of work.
Last but not the least; I shall never forget to thanks my classmates, friends and all
well - wishers for keeping up my moral and worthy cooperation and
encouragement. I am grateful to my parents & sisters for being a constant source
of inspiration, love and support. This seminar would have been incomplete had it
not been for their presence.
NEW DELHI ABHISHEK JAIN
MAY 2010
PAGE | v
Dedicated to my Family & Friends
PAGE | vi
LIST OF CONTENTS
Certificate
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Dedication
Abstract
Summary
Chapters
List of tables & Figures
1. CHAPTER-1-INTRODUCTION 1-6
1.1. Need of the study

1.2. Aim
1.3. Objective
1.4. Scope
1.5. Methodology
2. CHAPTER-2-LITERATURE REVIEWS 7-11
2.1. Appraisals of published books/reports/thesis/papers

2.2. Appraisals of unpublished books/reports/thesis/papers
2.3. Websites
2.4. Analysis.
3. CHAPTER-3-NEIGHBORHOOD & SUSTAINABILITY 12-56
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Understanding neighborhood
3.2.1. Introduction
3.2.2. What is a neighborhood
3.2.3. Principles of neighborhood planning
3.2.4. Walk able neighborhood
3.3. Sustainable development
3.4. Sustainability Indicators
Page | vii
3.4.1. Introduction
3.4.2. State & Control SI.
3.5. Scale of construction & Sustainability
3.6. Practices for a sustainable neighborhood
3.7. Sustainable site design
3.8. New Urbanism
3.9. Conclusion
4. CHAPTER-4-LEED NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT 57-143
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Rating System
4.3. Project Check List for LEED certification
4.4. Process of Certification
4.5. Areas of credits
4.5.1. Smart Links & Linkages(SLL)
4.5.2. Neighborhood Pattern & design(NPD)
4.5.3. Green Infrastructure & Building(GIB)
4.5.4. Innovation & Design Process(IDP)
4.5.5. Regional Priority Credit (RPC)
4.6. Glossary of Definitions of various elements.
5. CHAPTER-5-CASE STUDY 144-182
5.1. Introduction- LEED Neighborhood Development-Dockside Green - Victoria, British

Columbia, Canada.
5.2. About The project
5.3. Executive Summary
5.4. Areas of Sustainable development
5.4.1. LEED Certification
5.4.2. Water Conservation
5.4.3. Energy Conservation
5.4.4. Sustainable site & Urban Ecology
PAGE | viii
5.4.5. Human Health & Well being
5.4.6. Materials & Resources
5.4.7. Social Parameters
6. CHAPTER-6-ACCREDIT TOWNSHIP FOR LEED-NEIGHBORHOOD

CERTIFICATION 183-195
6.1.1. Introduction
6.1.2. About the city and planning philosophy
6.1.3. Accreditation -A Sector in Chandigarh
6.1.4. Credit check list.
6.1.5. Conclusion
6.1.6. Results :Findings from the case
7. CHAPTER-7-CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS & FUTURE SCOPE196-199
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
PAGE | ix
LIST OF TABLES
S. No. Table No. Description

1 Table 3.1 Built Environment toolbox
2 Table 3.2 Environment Sustainability Values:The built environment
3 Table 3.3 Environmental Sustainablity values: Natural Resources
4 Table 3.4 Matrix of regional bioclimatic, site use and site design factors
5 Table 4.1 Minimum daily transit service
6 Table 4.2 Maximum allowable area of impacts within buffer zone, by density
7 Table 4.3 Mitigation ratios for projects in metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas, pop-250,000
8 Table 4.4 Mitigation ratios for projects in metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas, pop<250,000
9 Table 4.5 Points for connectivity within ½ mile of project.
10 Table 4.6 Minimum daily transit services for project with multiple transit types (bus, street car, rail or fery)
11 Table 4.7 Minimum daily transit services for project with commuter rail or fery services
12 Table 4.8 Points for low VMT locations.
13 Table 4.9 Required restoration area of slope.
14 Table 4.10 Points for walk able street features
15 Table 4.11 Points for density per acre of buildable land
16 Table 4.12 Points for Diverse Use within ¼ mile walk distance, by time of occupancy
17 Table 4.13 Points for Clustering of Diverse Uses.
18 Table 4.14 Housing categories
19 Table 4.15 Points for affordable housing.
20 Table 4.16 Points for connectivity
21 Table 4.17 Minimum garden space, by project density
22 Table 4.18 National efficiency baseline
23 Table 4.19 Points for building certification
24 Table 4.20 National Efficiency baselines
25 Table 4.21 Minimum undeveloped area. By project Density
26 Table 4.22 Points for retaining storm water on site
27 Table 4.23 Minimum solar reflectance index value, by roof slope
28 Table 4.24 Points for on-site renewable energy generation
29 Table 4.25 Points for reusing waste water
30 Table 4.26 Lighting zones
31 Table 4.27 Allowable light trespass and uplight, by lighting zone
32 Table 4.28 Allowable light power densities, by lighting zone
33 Table 6.1 Accreditation table for LEED-ND Certification
34 Table 6.2 Accreditation table for LEED-ND Certification
PAGE | x
LIST OF FIGURES
S. No. Table No. Description

1 Fig 1.1 Sustainabillity Index.
2 Fig 1.2 Methodology Chart
3 Fig 3.1 Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit, 1929
4 Fig 3.2 A “sustainable” update of Perry’s Neighbourhood unit.
5 Fig 3.3 Examples of neighborhood morphology
6 Fig 3.4 Scales of constructions
7 Fig 3.5 Matrix of regional bioclimatic, site use and site design factors
8 Fig 3.6 Continual Improvement
9 Fig 4.1 Adjacent and connected project site
10 Fig 4.2 site with through-street right-of-way
11 Fig 4.3 Walking routes on pedestrian network
12 Fig 4.4 Walking routes on pedestrian network
13 Fig 4.5 Project site design with 140 eligible intersections per square mile on street that are not gated
14 Fig 4.6 Project site with at least 90 eligible intersections per square mile 1/4mile of project boundary
15 Fig 4.7 Project site with right- of-way intersects on project boundary at least every 400 feet
16 Fig 4.8 Solar-oriented blocks
17 Fig 4.9 Solar-oriented blocks with longer axis
18 Fig 6.1 Chandigarh city layout
19 Fig 6.2 A commercial block in sector
20 Fig 6.3 Layout plan of sector-15, Chandigarh
PAGE | xi
ABSTRACT
The built environment has a profound impact on our natural environment, economy, health, and
productivity. As the population continues to expand rapidly, consumption of land grows
exponentially. The way we grow will have a profound effect on our planet and on us.
Segregated land uses accessed by high speed roadways that necessitate the use of cars have been
the predominant development pattern over the past 50 years. Transportation accounts for
roughly one-third of greenhouse gas emissions, a large portion of which can be attributed to
personal automobile use. Automobile-oriented neighborhoods tend to be hostile to pedestrians
and unsupportive of traditional mixed-use neighborhood centers.
Sprawling development patterns fragment habitat, endanger sensitive land and water bodies,
destroy precious farmland, and increase the burden on municipal infrastructure. In contrast, by
placing residences and jobs proximate to each other, thoughtful neighborhood planning and
development can limit automobile trips and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. Mixed-use
development and walk able streets encourage walking, bicycling, and public transportation for
daily errands and commuting.
Environmentally responsible buildings and infrastructure are an important component of any

green neighborhood, further reducing greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing energy
consumption. Green buildings and infrastructure also lessen negative consequences for water
resources, air quality, and natural resource consumption.
Green neighborhood developments are beneficial to the community and the individual as well as
the environment. The character of a neighborhood, including its streets, homes, workplaces,
shops, and public spaces, significantly affects the quality of life.. Green developments preserve
open space and encourage access to parks. Green buildings, community gardens, and streets and
PAGE | xii
public spaces that encourage physical activity are beneficial for public health. Combine the
substantial environmental and social benefits and the case for green neighborhoods makes itself.
Green sustainable residential neighborhoods have tremendous benefits, both tangible and
intangible. The most tangible benefits are the reduction in water and energy consumption right
from day one of occupancy. The energy savings range from 20 – 30 % and water savings around
30 – 50%. Intangible benefits of Green neighborhoods include enhanced air quality, excellent
day lighting, health & wellbeing of the occupants, safety benefits and conservation of scarce
national resources.
The very fact that the need for sustainable development is indispensible and the point of view
that the concept of sustainability has to have a holistic approach the application of principles
like the “new urbanism” in the neighborhood planning and their tangible and non-tangible
benefits are also analyzed.
India is witnessing tremendous growth in infrastructure and construction development. The

construction industry in India is one of the largest economic activities and is growing at an
average rate of 9.5% as compared to the global average of 5%. As the sector is growing rapidly,
preserving the environment poses a host of challenges. Therefore understanding the
environmental quality of the given area of the project and relating the developmental controls
for the sustainable development is of utmost requirement.
The seminar comes out with understanding of various factors pivotal in the 1) conceptualization,
2) planning & detailing, 3) Execution & 4) post occupancy of a residential neighborhood
PAGE | xiii
SUMMARY
Chapter 1: Introduces with the importance of Sustainable development & Green

Neighbourhood, the aim, objective and scope of the study have been discussed and the
methodology followed to meet the objectives.
Chapter 2: It gives an over view of all literature that were studied to understand the factors
involved in LEED ratings and aspects of sustainable development. Also the holistic approach
towards the sustainable development
Chapter 3: Various factors related with the sustainable development like the understanding of a
sustainable development, types of sustainability, sustainable development indicators, relation of
scale of construction and sustainability, definitions & features of neighborhood unit, principles of
neighborhood planning & planning process for a neighborhood designing and practices for a
sustainable neighborhood development thus arriving at a sustainable site development. The
drawing out the benefits of sustainable development, Concept of New Urbanism, its principles
and its benefits, ways to implement it & charter of new urbanism.
Chapter 4: An understanding of LEED neighborhood development, Introduction to the LEED

rating system and understanding the ratings and the process of certification, understanding of all
the points and credits and pre-requites for gaining various possible points and the requirements
of all the points.
Chapter 5: The case of a LEED-ND Platinum certified project is taken up to understand what’s
actually done on ground to achieve ratings and how it is done as well as maintained over a
certain period of time and what are tangible and intangible benefits drawn out of the project.
PAGE | xiv
Chapter 6: Applying the knowledge acquired to accredit a sector in city of Chandigarh, analysis
of the existing infrastructure/planning. Inferences drawn are the benefits the people living in
there enjoy in terms of the over all well being and other parameters of wellness.
Chapter 7: Conclusion and Recommendation and future scope of works, analysis of the work
done and making the ratings for Indian context and carry out financial feasibilities and
simulations for the LEED-ND certified projects.
PAGE | xv
SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD & GREEN RATING SYSTEM
1
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need of the study
1.3 Aim
1.4 Objective
1.5 Scope
1.6 Methodology
SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD & GREEN RATING SYSTEM SEMINAR-1
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1: Introduction
The housing sector in India is growing at a rapid pace and contributing immensely to the
growth of the economy. This augurs well for the country and now there is an imminent need
to introduce green concepts and techniques in this sector, which can aid growth in a
sustainable manner.
Green concepts and techniques in the residential sector can help address national issues like
handling of consumer waste, water efficiency, reduction in fossil fuel use in commuting,
energy efficiency and conserving natural resources. Most importantly, these concepts can
enhance occupant health, happiness and wellbeing.
Green residential neighbourhood can have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible.
The most tangible benefits are the reduction in water and energy consumption right from day
one of occupancy. The energy savings could range from 20 – 30 % and water savings around
30 – 50%. Intangible benefits of Green homes include enhanced air quality, excellent day
lighting, health & wellbeing of the occupants, safety benefits and conservation of scarce
national resources. Green Residential neighbourhood rating system can also enhance
marketability of a project.
Neighborhood-Definition
Residential units are planned on neighbourhood principle. It is a small unit which serves the
local community and encourages them to foster a neighbourhood spirit or relationship which
seems to have been lost in the modern city life. It should possess the best qualities of small
town to facilitate the acquaintance and neighborly relations and also be broad enough to
accommodate sufficient people to enable each individual to come in contact with people of
different strata of society and compatible tastes-Unity in Diversity.
Principles of neighbourhood Planning:

The principles of neighbourhood planning could be broadly stated as following:
• Size: The town is divided into self-contained units or sectors of 10,000 population
and this is further divided into smaller units called neighbourhood unit with 2000 to
5000 population based on the requirement of one primary school The size of the unit
is therefore limited to about 1 to 1.5 sq km i.e. within walk able distance of 10 to 15
minutes.
SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 2

• Boundaries: The unit should be bounded by main road, wide enough for through
traffic.
• Protective Strips: These are accessory to protect the neighbourhood from annoyance
of through traffic and to provide suitable facilities for developing parks, playgrounds
and road widening scheme in future. These are also called - Minor Green Belts.
• Internal Streets: The internal streets are designed to ensure safety to the people and
the school going children in particular since the mothers are anxious every day till
the safe return of the child. The internal streets should circulate throughout the unit
with easy access to shops and community centers. No through traffic is allowed here.
• Layout of buildings: To encourage neighbourhood relation and secure social
stability and balance, houses to suit the different income groups should be provided
such as single family houses, double family houses, cottages, flats etc.
• Shopping Centers: Each shop should be located on the circumference of the unit,
preferably at traffic junctions and adjacent to the neighbourhood units.
• Community Centers: Each community will have its centre with social, cultural and
recreational amenities.
• Facilities: All public facilities required for the family for their comfort and
convenience should be within easy reach. These include the primary school, temple,
club, retail shop, sport centre etc. These should be located within 1 km in the central
place so as to form a nucleus to develop social life of the unit.
Concept of Green
Efficiency is the next nearest word for the green, a green building is one which uses less water,
optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides
healthier spaces and at the same time has universal approach and shares a social responsibility.
Therefore to put in different word it is integrated design and construction process that
significantly reduces or eliminates the negative impact of the built spaces on the environment
and occupants.
Similarly we may club the aspect of Green with the Sustainable Development, as the term
implies, is development that meets the needs of the present generation of human society without
compromising the ability of future generation to obtain their own needs. In other words, we
make use of natural resources and life support activities to the extent that the cycle of
replenishment does not get disturbed.

Fig 1-1: Sustainability Index.
1.2: Need of the study
India is witnessing tremendous growth in infrastructure and construction

development. The construction industry in India is one of the largest
economic activities and it contributes to about 10 % of the GDP and is
growing at an average rate of 9.5% as compared to the global average of
5%. As the sector is growing rapidly, preserving the environment poses a
host of challenges.
Construction and building wastes pose serious environmental threats. The
Demands for energy is ever increasing so is the demand for the water
supply. Another cause to take up the study is the shift of population
growth – from rural to urban.
1.3: Aim:
Understanding sustainable development at different levels from total
planning level to the building and the scenario of sustainable development.
Incorporating sustainability in the building construction sector.
This study would also be aiming at the understanding the green practices
required for the buildings and neighbourhood to comply with the rating

systems for the purpose of their accreditation to LEED Neighbourhood

Development.
1.4: Objectives:
The objectives of this study are

To develop an understanding for the concept of sustainable development
and Sustainability indicators.
To interpret the environmental categories and the rating system adopted by
various rating agencies.
To formulate guidelines and understand the methods adopted for
sustainable practices in a building project.
To provide a thorough understanding of the LEED Neighbourhood
development points.
To study and analyze in detail some of the rated projects on the above
mentioned rating systems.
Apply the understanding from the above study in a project and rate the
same for LEED framework.
1.5: Scope:
The scope of the study includes understanding the principle for green
sustainable neighbourhood the aspect of scale of consideration.
The Study is limited to the LEED Neighbourhood rating system and the
related parameters of credits for them, their possible alternatives and their
application in the form of rating a project.
Evaluation of green neighbourhood as business growth factor.
1.6: Methodology
Define aim, objectives, scope & limitations.

Literature review of books, journals related to neighbourhood
development.
Critical analysis of a case studies which has been certified as a green
project.
Develop an understanding for sustainable development and sustainability
indicators.
Conclusion & recommendations.

Fig 1-2: Methodology Chart

2
2. Literature Review
2.1 Appraisal of published books/reports/thesis/papers

2.2 Appraisal of unpublished books/reports/thesis/papers
2.3 Websites

CHAPTER – 2- LITERATURE REVIEWS.
2.1: Appraisal of published books/reports/thesis/papers
Introduction
The following published books, journals are referred for the study. It is essential to know various
programs, studies, research topics carried out in the field to keep update of new tools and
technologies in reducing the negative impact on the environment.
Documents, Codes & Standards –

- LEED Neighbourhood rating system
- ECBC
Published Books:
1. Future Forms and Design for Sustainable Cities-Mike Jenks and Nicola Dempsey
Inferences:
This book presents the reader with examples of the latest research into different urban forms and
the ways in which they can be designed to be more sustainable. This book presents some of the
diverse aspects that are inextricably bound up with, and strongly influence, the scope of
sustainable urban planning and design.
2. Energy Manual-Sustainable Architecture-Hegger, Fuchs, Stark, Zeumer
Inferences:
The book adds a new dimension to sustainability and built environment. This manual approaches
design and construction from apparently invisible qualities: sustainability & energy efficiency of
buildings.

3. Sustainable Practices in the built environment-Craig A.Langston, Grace K.C. Ding
Inferences:
The Book deals with sustainability as it affects the construction industry, looking at the
techniques and issues which designers. Engineers, planners and construction managers will have
to deal with-in their day to day activity.
4. Environment, Technology & Sustainability-Hocine Boughdah & Stephen Sharples
5. Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature: Douglas-Farr
Written by the chair of the LEED-Neighbourhood Development (LEED-ND)

initiative, Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design with Nature is both an urgent call to action and a
comprehensive introduction to "sustainable urbanism"--the emerging and growing design reform
movement that combines the creation and enhancement of walkable and diverse places with the
need to build high-performance infrastructure and buildings.
Providing a historic perspective on the standards and regulations that got us to where we are
today in terms of urban lifestyle and attempts at reform, Douglas Farr makes a powerful case for
sustainable urbanism, showing where we went wrong, and where we need to go. He then
explains how to implement sustainable urbanism through leadership and communication in
cities, communities, and neighborhoods. Essays written by Farr and others delve into such issues
as:
Increasing sustainability through density.
Integrating transportation and land use.
Creating sustainable neighborhoods, including housing, car-free areas, locally-
owned stores, walk able neighborhoods, and universal accessibility.
The health and environmental benefits of linking humans to nature, including
walk-to open spaces, neighbourhood stormwater systems and waste treatment, and
food production.
High performance buildings and district energy systems.
Enriching the argument are in-depth case studies in sustainable urbanism, from
BedZED in London, England and Newington in Sydney, Australia, to New

Railroad Square in Santa Rosa, California and Dongtan, Shanghai, China. An

epilogue looks to the future of sustainable urbanism over the next 200 years.
2.2: Appraisal of unpublished books/reports/thesis/papers
Unpublished books, thesis & seminars –
1. Project specific compliance to LEED green building-by Prajakta Bakshi.
2. Green Building-An Integrated approach-by Neha Gupta, 403/MBEM, SPA New Delhi
3. Holistic Approach to sustainable buildings (Thesis work) By Tanushree Mohanty May

2006
Work done:
This thesis work involves detailed study of various issues that are necessary to make a building
sustainable and energy efficient. At the end, it develops a strategy for overall sustainable
development in construction sector and gives directions for implementing it.
Relevance to the topic: This work gives a detailed listing of various sustainable and energy
efficient issues that have to be addressed while designing or rating a green building and their
solutions. These issues are also applicable in LEED rating of a project.
4. Strategies for sustainable practices in building projects (Thesis work) By Jyothi Subray
Hegde, Jan 2003
Work done:
The thesis formulates guidelines for implementation of sustainable practices in building projects
by developing a rating system.
Relevance to the topic: various points of LEED and application of sustainable strategies and
technologies with respect to the project.

5. Sustainable development related to building projects (Thesis work) By Dependra

Gabryal, May 2002
Work done:
This seminar gives an understanding of sustainable development at all levels( from regional level
planning, master plan to site planning of individual blocks) to materials and incorporating it to
the building sector
Relevance to the topic: The work emphasizes on sustainable building materials and technologies
which is useful in the LEED materials point.
6. Sustainable site planning and management during project implementation-by Divya

Vishwanathan, BEM 417, SPA
2.3: Web Sites:
http://www.sustainablebuildingcentre.com
http://www.energydesignresources.com/Resources/Publications/PublicationLibrary//
http://www.buildnova.com/
http://greenbuildingelements.com
www.wbdg.org/design/envelope.
www.buildinggreen.com
www.greenbuilding.com/ www.breeam.org
www.usgbc.org/ www.igbc.org/ www.terin.org
www.wiley.com/go/sustainable construction

3
3. Neighbourhood & Sustainability
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Understanding Neighborhood
3.3. Sustainable development
3.4. Sustainability Indicators
3.5. Scale of construction & Sustainability
3.6. Practices for a sustainable neighborhood
3.7. Sustainable site design
3.8. New Urbanism
3.9. Conclusion

CHAPTER – 3- NEIGHBOURHOOD & SUSTAINABILITY
3.1: Introduction
PPP-People, Planet & Profit…………………………………………………………
Construction industry invariably overrides nature rather than interpreting and

symbiotically balancing itself with nature. It may be argued that some strides have been
made in the environmental management of construction through Eco-architecture and
Eco-engineering but the construction industry is driven by financial determinants that,
more often than not, preclude environmentally sound solutions being avidly sought.
Ecologically sound buildings and structures are, of course, technically achievable and
may, in fact, be more economic to construct and maintain than traditional solutions. They
can use sustainable or man-made materials, be designed to use minimal and renewable
energy and be developed on existing rather than new construction sites.
Sustainability is the capacity to endure. In ecology the word describes how biological
systems remain diverse and productive over time. For humans it is the potential for long-
term maintenance of wellbeing, which in turn depends on the wellbeing of the natural
world and the responsible use of natural resources.
Sustainability has become a wide-ranging term that can be applied to almost every facet
of life on Earth, from local to a global scale and over various time periods. Long-lived
and healthy wetlands and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems. Invisible
chemical cycles redistribute water, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon through the world's
living and non-living systems, and have sustained life for millions of years.
As the earth’s human population has increased, natural ecosystems have declined and
changes in the balance of natural cycles has had a negative impact on both humans and
other living systems

3.2: Understanding Neighbourhood
Since ancient times, cities around the world have been spatially divided into districts or
neighbourhoods. Excavations of some of the earliest cities reveal evidence of social
neighbourhoods.
Urban scholar Lewis Mumford noted that “neighborhoods, in some primitive, inchoate
fashion exist wherever human beings congregate, in permanent family Dwellings; and
many of the functions of the city tend to be distributed naturally—that is, without any
theoretical preoccupation or political direction—into neighborhoods.”
In basic terms, a neighbourhood is an area of dwellings, employment, retail, and civic

places and their immediate environment that residents and/or employees identify with in
terms of social and economic attitudes, lifestyles, and institutions.
Introduction:
Neighbourhood planning deals with a level of planning greater than household size but
smaller than that of a city. In fact, one of the first steps in planning for a neighbourhood is
to define the boundaries of the neighborhood. This process can sometimes be
problematic. It becomes difficult when some areas do not want certain streets or houses
to be included in their neighbourhood boundary.
On the other hand, it can also be a problem if more than one neighbourhood district
attempts to claim a certain street or group of homes. Two less problematic ways in which
to define neighbourhood boundaries are by using natural objects like rivers and parks or
by dividing up the city using information based on the census report. If all else fails,
public meetings and surveys can help the decision making process.

Principles of Planning
Following are the principles of planning a neighbourhood unit:
(1) Facilities: the internal planning within a neighborhoods unit should provide for an
orderly arrangement of all those facilities which are to be shared in common by
the residences. The grouping of facilities should be done while keeping in view the
convenience of the residents. The facilities may include school, temple, club, sport
center, etc. the location of such facilities should form a nucleus for the
development of the local social life of the neighborhoods unit.
(2) Population: there is no standard fixed for the density of population for the
neighbourhood unit. The population of four or five thousand persons is considered
to be suitable to support its own primary school and other facilities required for
community life.
(3) Sector: it becomes necessary to combine the adjacent neighboring units to form,
what is called, a sector. Such a combination makes it possible to afford facilities
which a neighbourhood unit cannot support such as secondary school, big markets,
entertainments canters etc. It is found that population equivalent to that of three
neighbourhood units, i.e., twelve to fifteen thousand persons is suitable for a
sector.
(4) Size: The neighbourhood units should be capable of accommodating the

population for which one primary school is required. The actual size of
neighbourhood unit, however, will be determined from the spacing of houses. For
re-planning of existing town, a minimum area of 5 hectares is considered is
considered necessary for the formation of a neighbourhood unit.
(5) Street system: the layout of the streets in a neighbourhood unit should ensure
safety from traffic accidents to school going children and the population as a
whole. The neighbourhood unit should be bounded on all sides by main streets

wide enough to encourage the passing of vehicles around rather than through the
unit.
Planning Process
After a valid and useful information source has been established, collecting information
becomes easier.
• Collecting information is the first step in neighbourhood planning. Planners

combine the information they have gathered from residents with other information
they have obtained from personal observation and surveying the land. They use all
of this information to create a large, more informative picture of the neighborhood.
• The second step in the neighbourhood planning process is making sense of the
information. This entails pinpointing issues and establishing which issues are of
major concern. Pinpointing issues helps to define which issues will take
precedence if they should conflict with one another.
• Setting goals is the third step of neighbourhood planning.
• The fourth step in the neighbourhood planning process is to come up with
alternatives and select among them. This involves the planning committee coming
up with different alternatives for each goal. After these alternatives are established
the committee will discuss and decide which alternatives are the best suited to
reach the goals.
• The fifth step of neighbourhood planning is to put the plan together. Now that
goals and policies have been established, strategies and specific courses of action
need to be defined. This involves putting all of the elements together to create a
plan.
• The sixth step is to figure out how to implement the plan the committee has
created. This requires the planning committee to decide what actions need to take
place in order to effectively implement the plan. The committee needs to decide
what resources are available, and ways in which to create more available
resources. This step helps decide where funding and financial stability will come
from.

• The seventh and final step of neighbourhood planning is monitoring, evaluating,

and updating your plan. While this may be the final step of neighbourhood
planning, it does not mean that the planning process is finished. The committee
still needs to take a look at the decisions they have made and decide which parts of
the plan work and do not work.
Importance
Neighbourhood planning can make a valuable contribution towards the creation of a

community sprit and properly balanced population structure. Neighbourhood plan aim
at welding various elements of social and cultural life of a community in a proper
order. The real purpose of neighbourhood planning will only be achieved by sincere
efforts and spontaneous movements on the part of members of neighbourhood units.
Features of Neighbourhood Unit
The essential features of a neighbourhood unit can be listed as follows:

1. It is desirable to devote a minimum area of about ten per cent or so for parks
and playgrounds.
2. The boundary of the unit need not be fixed by arterial roads. It may even take
the form of physical barriers such as a large park, a railway station, a river, an
industrial area, a hill, etc.
3. The exact shape of the unit is not necessary. But it is preferable to have all
sides fairly equidistant from the centre of unit.
4. The planning of residential units of the neighbourhood unit should be carefully
done with respect to the habits of residents, direction of winds, sanitation, etc.
5. The provision of shopping centre should be at the periphery of unit and near
traffic junctions.
6. The widths of interior streets of the units should be just sufficient to serve a
specific purpose and these streets should give easy access to shops and
community centers.

Neighbourhood Planning Models of Action
The modern concepts of town planning is often looked as an investment yielding returns
but cities are for the people and the social inter dependence amongst them form the
matrix of urban existence and expansions, thus Clarnce Stein and Clarnce A Perry
advocated the concept of neighborhood
It is defined as a physical environment in which a mother knows that a child will have no
traffic streets to cross on his way to school, which is within easy walking distance from
home. It is an environment in which the house wife may have an easy walk to the
shopping centre where she may obtain the daily household goods and the man of the
house may find convenient transportation to and from his work.
It is an environment in which a well equipped playground is located near the home where
the children can play safely with their friends. The parents may not care to maintain
intimate friendship with their friends. The parents may not care to maintain intimate
friendship with their neighbor, but the children are so inclined and they need the facilities
of recreation for the healthy development for their minds and spirit.
Hence, in the concepts of Stein and Perry, the cities are viewed as social meeting place
and not merely a collection of houses, workplaces, road networks and with the provisions
of the physical infrastructures. The whole city is divided into several neighborhood, each
accommodating a considerable population (say 5000), and providing community
facilities.
Each neighbourhood is segmented to accommodated different income groups. No high

speed vehicles are allowed to cross the neighbourhood but pass only from the
peripheries.Jose Sert planned the neighbourhood in a linear fashion, placing the industries
at one side and the schools and the commercial centers at the middle of two rows of
neighbourhood units. This module could be repeated (in mirror image) to increase the
length of the neighbourhood unit.

Metropolitan Forces Affecting Neighborhoods & Urban Growth Management

City and regional change have important neighbourhood impacts. The region's vitality
and economic development can slip away from older neighborhoods and focus on the
urban fringe. Metropolitan governments can subsidize urban growth and fail to be good
stewards of existing schools, parks, and infrastructure. This section focuses on the
Planned Growth Strategy. The PGS attempts to guide urban growth in order to revitalize
older neighborhoods and small businesses, and to foster community in new areas.
Neighbourhood Strategic Planning
Ultimately it is the planning process, not the plan document, that brings about
development". Neighbourhood strategic planning can unify diverse community
development activities such as in education, housing, economic development, and public
safety through long term vision, goals, conditions assessments, strategies, objectives, and
programs.
Long term goals & vision.
Community conditions.
Policies affecting future programs
Broad strategies (“What” & “Who”)
Short term objectives (“How Much” & “When”)
New programs and projects.
Neighbourhood Public Safety and Community Policing
When people start protecting themselves as individuals rather than as a

community, the battle is lost.
Police and community should work together to identify, prioritize, and solve
public safety problems including crime, drugs, fear of crime, social and
physical disorder, and neighbourhood decay.
Neighbourhood built environment and street design impacts crime and
disorder.

Conclusion
The return of civic life is important in all neighborhoods not just in older, low-
income areas.
All neighborhoods have human resources that can be used to improve local
conditions.
All neighborhoods have economic market demand, e.g. for retail and housing.
Community development and education are equivalent to each other.
Private economic conditions underpin the neighborhood’s social environment.
Programs to improve neighbourhood conditions must address whole
individuals, families, and communities.
Neighbourhood residents need to have greater control over local programs and
services.
Planners should incorporate the perspectives and approaches of community
organizers.
Some other definitions:
A neighbourhood can be considered the planning unit of a town. The charter of the
Congress for the New Urbanism characterizes this unit as “compact, pedestrian-friendly,
and mixed-use. By itself the neighbourhood is a village, but combined with other
neighborhoods it becomes a town or a city. Similarly, several neighborhoods with their
centres at transit stops can constitute a transit corridor.
Traditional neighborhoods meet all those same needs—for housing, employment,

shopping, civic functions, and more—but in formats that are compact, complete, and
connected, and ultimately more sustainable and diverse The metrics of a neighbourhood
vary in density, population, mix of uses, and dwelling types and by regional customs,
economies, climates, and site conditions. In general, they include size, identifiable centers
and edges, connectedness with the surroundings, walk able streets, and sites for civic uses
and social interaction.

Size is a defining feature of a neighbourhood and is typically based on a comfortable

distance for walking from the centre of the neighbourhood to its edge; that suggests an
area of 40 to 160 acres. In the 1929 Regional Plan of New York and Environs, urban
planner Clarence Perry outlined a neighbourhood centre surrounded by civic uses, parks,
residential uses, a school, and retail at the edge, all within one-quarter mile—about a 5-
minute walk. This amounts to an area or pedestrian “shed” of 125 acres, or if the land
area is a square, 160 acres.
Although Perry’s diagram does not address many of the sustainable features of LEED-
ND, such as access to multimodal transportation options, location of infrastructure, and
building form, it serves as a reference point for the mix of uses and walk able scale of
neighbourhood development encouraged in the rating system. Most people will walk
approximately one-quarter mile (1,320 feet) to run daily errands; beyond that, many will
take a bicycle or car. Additional research shows that people will walk as far as a half-mile
(2,640 feet) to reach heavy rail transit systems or more specialized shops or civic uses.8
Since half a square mile contains 320 acres, the core committee has decided that this size
should serve as guidance for the upper limit of a LEED-ND project.
Fig 3.1 : Clarence Perry’s Neighbourhood Unit, Fig 3.2: A “sustainable” update of Perry’s
Fig 3.1 : Clarence Perry’s Neighbourhood Un, Neighbourhood unit. Source: Douglas Farr,
1929.Source: Regional Plan Association
1929.Source: Regional Plan Association Sustainable Urbanism

A neighbourhood should have places where the public feels welcome and encouraged to
congregate, recognizable as the heart of the community. A proper centre has at least one
outdoor public space for this purpose, designed with pedestrians in mind; this is the most
well-defined outdoor “room” in the neighborhood.
The best centres are within walking distance of the primarily residential areas, and
typically some gradient in density is discernible from centre to edge. The “centre” need
not be in the geographic centre of the neighborhood; it can be along the edge, on an
arterial or transit line.
It is important for a neighbourhood to have boundaries as well as a defined centre, and
this characteristic is often achieved through identifiable edges, either man-made or
natural, such as adjacent farmland, parks, greenways, schools, major rights-of-way, or
other uses.
When a neighbourhood has a robust network of internal streets and good connections to
surrounding communities, pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers can move more efficiently
and more safely. Multiple intersections and short blocks also give pedestrians a more
interesting environment.
The maximum average block perimeter to achieve an integrated network is 1,500 feet,
with a maximum uninterrupted block face of ideally no more than 450 feet; intersecting
streets are placed at intervals of 500 to 600 feet, and no greater than 800 feet apart along
any single stretch.
The morphology of a sustainable neighborhood—the design of its blocks, streets, and

buildings—can serve as the foundation of a walk able environment. Walk able streets
have many features, and those elements deemed most important
These features, such as human scaled buildings and street widths, wide sidewalks,
buildings that are pulled up to the sidewalk to create a continuous street wall, retail

storefronts and other uses, and interesting street furniture and trees, are meant to create a
safe, inviting, and well-used public realm with visual interest. To keep loading docks,
garage openings, and utilities away from sidewalks, neighborhoods with walk able streets
often feature alleys.
Fig3.3: Examples of neighbourhood morphology. Source: Douglas Farr, Sustainable Urbanism
A mix of uses is often integral to the vitality of a neighborhood; the mix can include not
only residential and commercial but also a variety of retail establishments, services,
community facilities, and other kinds of “diverse uses,” whether available within the
neighbourhood or adjacent. Urban theorist Ray Oldenburg would classify diverse uses as
“Third Places”—small neighbourhood grocers, coffee shops, pubs, or post offices that
allow residents and workers to mingle and have social interactions. A mix of active and
diverse retail uses on a walk able street can create a place that is a live day and night, and
not closed down at 6 p.m.

Existing neighborhoods have the added benefit of historic buildings and events with
cultural significance. Jane Jacobs argued that every neighbourhood needed a mixture of
newer and older buildings to allow for a variety of uses, income levels, and even ideas
within the neighborhood.
New neighborhoods can bring some of the architectural diversity found in existing
neighborhoods by including a mix of uses and housing types, each of which might need a
different building type and design, thus generating visual interest. Finally, placing
important civic buildings, such as churches, libraries, schools, or local government
buildings at the termination of a street can create civic pride and also an interesting vista
for pedestrians. With a focus on civic buildings and gathering places and the pedestrian
experience in general, it is no surprise that walk able neighborhoods are often defined by
the social interaction among people living and working near one another.
Neighbourhood Planning:
In 1915, Robert E. Park and E. W. Burgess introduced the idea of "neighborhood" as an

ecological concept with urban planning implications. Since then, many concepts and
ideas of a neighbourhood have emerged. Milton Kolter defines a neighbourhood as, “…a
political settlement of small territory and familiar association, whose absolute property is
its capacity for deliberative democracy.” While most neighborhoods are difficult to
define geographically, anyone who lives in an urban setting relates to an area that they
call their neighborhood. As such, it is a useful level to engage in planning practice.
Neighbourhood planning deals with a level of planning greater than household size but
smaller than that of a city. In fact, one of the first steps in planning for a neighbourhood is
to define the boundaries of the neighborhood. This process can sometimes be
problematic. It becomes difficult when some areas do not want certain streets or houses
to be included in their neighbourhood boundary. On the other hand, it can also be a
problem if more than one neighbourhood district attempts to claim a certain street or
group of homes. Two less problematic neighbourhood boundary definitions are based on
natural objects like rivers and parks, or on dividing the area based on census information.
If all else fails, public meetings and surveys can help the decision making process.

After the boundaries of the plan are established, officials need to decide how to get the
neighbourhood involved with the planning process. Most people wrongly assume that a
neighbourhood plan will be done democratically. In reality, a city official may do all of
the planning with minimal contact or input from the residents. The plan may also be done
by a small, self-selected group of residents who ignore input from others in the
neighborhood. Either way, without involvement of as many neighborhoods as possible,
the outcome may lack critical information and perspectives and thus not fully represent
the desires of the neighbourhood residents. This may create problems for the community.
Neighbourhood planning can work with all scales of area, from city neighborhoods to
rural areas. In the UK neighbourhood planning in rural areas is led by Rural Community
Councils who can assist rural communities or parishes in creating parish plans or village
design statements, a form of rural neighbourhood plan. Other established methods exist
including Market Town Initiatives. Neighbourhood plans are a way of empowering local
residents to take responsibility for their areas.
3.3: Sustainable Development
Sustainable Construction:
Construction is essential for our health, productivity, quality of life and economy. But
construction has a huge impact on the environment...
The construction industry makes a vital contribution to the social and economic
development of every country. At the same time, this sector of industry expanding apace
in rapidly industrializing countries - has major impacts on the environment.
Construction is an important consumer of non-renewable resources (energy in particular),

a substantial source of waste, a polluter of air and water, and an important contributor to
land dereliction. Environmental impacts occur at every stage of the construction cycle:
sitting, production and supply of building materials and equipment, on-site construction,
operation and demolition.

New building developments, together with the quarrying of sand and gravel, the
extraction of brick materials and clay, and the exploitation of timber resources, destroy
natural areas, forests and wetlands.
Longer-term environmental impacts result from the use and operation of buildings. It has
been estimated that one-third of global primary energy is used just to maintain existing
structures and keep them running. Demolition generates massive amounts of waste to be
disposed of, adding to the considerable quantities already produced at other stages - from
quarrying and mining to building maintenance and operations.
But solutions to these problems exist. They involve careful sitting and design of
buildings, prudent choice and efficient use of building materials, re-use and recycling at
all stages, the use of energy- and water efficient building techniques and elements, as
well as adequate maintenance and operation. As in many other sectors, solutions lie in
cleaner-production approaches, eco efficiency, new technologies and new management
practices and tools.
Sustainable construction is one of the most important issues now challenging our
industry. The challenge is to make all construction processes, products and services more
sustainable through a rolling programme of initiatives and activities, reviewed and
reported on an annual basis. Sometimes termed the ‘triple bottom line’, being sustainable
involves a commitment to:
Economic sustainability – increasing profitability by making more efficient use

of resources, including labour, materials, water and energy.
Environmental sustainability – preventing harmful and potentially irreversible
effects on the environment by careful use of natural resources, minimising waste,
protecting and where possible enhancing the environment.
Social sustainability – responding to the needs of people at whatever stage of
involvement in the construction process (from commissioning to demolition),

providing high customer satisfaction and working closely with clients, suppliers,
employees and local communities
Two different visions of sustainability:

Strong sustainability
In strong sustainability there is little if any consideration of the financial or other costs of
attaining sustainability. It equates to what some call ecological sustainability and the
focus is primarily on the environment. In this case system quality is taken in terms of the
physical measures of things (eg: population, soil erosion, biodiversity).
Weak sustainability
The second type of sustainability is referred to as weak sustainability. Costs of attainment
(financial or otherwise) are Important and typically based on a cost-benefit analysis
(CBA) which inevitably involves trade-offs between environment and social and
economic benefits. Weak sustainability equates to a sort of economic sustainability where
the emphasis is upon allocation of resources and level of consumption and financial value
is, a key element of system quality.
Space and time in Sustainability:

Spatial and time scale is key components of achieving sustainability. There are two
questions to be answered before putting sustainability into practice. They are
Over what space is sustainability to be achieved

Over what time is sustainability to be achieved
The answers to these may at first appear rather obvious. But even within clear spatial
units such as villages, towns or cities there are difficulties. Urban areas are not self-
contained entities but have links with other urban areas and the rural environment, which
may extend for many miles around the centre.

Sustainability in the urban area is heavily influenced or even dependent upon what
happens outside of that area. It is important to decide as to, what is to be included? From
a theoretical perspective the spatial scale is clearly very important while attempting to put
sustainability into practice or to judge the level of sustainability of an existing system.
However, even after clearly defining the boundary there are problems in implementing
sustainability. To begin with, simple logistic considerations should be brought about by
limited budgets. The larger the scale and the more unsustainable the system, the bigger
the problem is likely to be.
Once sustainability has been put into use it is important to check whether the system is
still unsustainable or whether the goal of sustainability has been reached.
Principles for gauging progress towards sustainable development
1. What is meant by sustainable development should be clearly defined.

2. Sustainability should be viewed in a holistic sense, including economic, social and
ecological components,
3. Notions of equity should be included in any perspective of sustainable
development. This includes access to resources as well as human rights and other
'non-market' activities that contribute to human and social well being.
4. Time horizon should span 'both human and ecosystem time scales', and the spatial
scale should include 'not only local but also long-distance impacts on people and
ecosystems.
5. Progress towards sustainable development should be based on the measurement of
‘a limited number’ of indicators based on 'standardized measurement.
6. Methods and data employed for assessment of progress should be open and
accessible to all.
7. Progress should be effectively communicated to all.
8. Broad participation is required.

9. Allowance should be made for repeated measurement in order to determine trends

and incorporate the results of experience.
10. Institutional capacity in order to monitor progress towards sustainable
development needs to be assured.
Source; Sustainability and Sustainability indicators, Simon Bell and Stephen Morse
Consumption — population, technology, resources

The overall driver of human impact on Earth systems is the consumption of biophysical
resources. Human consumption can be divided into three key components: population
numbers, levels of consumption (affluence), and impact per unit of resource use (which
depends on the technology used).
This has been expressed through an equation:

I=P×A×T
Where: I = Environmental impact, P = Population, A = Affluence, T = Technology
Historically, humanity has responded to a demand for more resources by trying to

increase supply. As supplies inevitably become depleted sustainable practices are
encouraged through demand management for all goods and services — by promoting
reduced consumption, using renewable resources where possible, and encouraging
practices that minimise resource intensity while maximising resource productivity.
Careful resource management can be applied at many scales, from economic sectors like
agriculture, manufacturing and industry, to work organisations, the consumption patterns
of households and individuals and to the resource demands of individual goods and
services.
3.4: Sustainability Indicators
Sustainability indicators are environmental elements used to gauge the ecosystem that are
sensitive to changes in the environment.

SIs is often grouped in various ways depending upon what dimension or element of
sustainability they are trying to gauge. The simplest division is into two groups:
1. State SIs. These are SIs that describes the state of a variable. For example, in the
case of environmental quality one may determine soil physical and chemical
properties, or the concentration of a pollutant in water.
2. Control (also referred to as pressure, process or driving force) SIs. These are Sis
that gauges a process that in turn will influence a state SI. For example, a control
SI may be the rate at which a pollutant is passed into the environment.
A suite of SIs may need to have both state and control SIs included, as changes in a state
SI may not necessarily provide information on the causes of change.
Based on the selection of SIs the topic on Sustainable development can be divided into
four categories:
Social aspects of sustainable development.
Economic aspects of sustainable development.
Environmental aspects of sustainable development – further subdivided into water,
land, atmosphere and waste;
Institutional aspects of sustainable development.
It is difficult to decide upon what Sis to use and even about the broad nature and
characteristics of the Sis. The Decision over what Sis to adopt is vital to the final
outcome. Following are some examples showing the diversity in taking decision for
selection of SIs.
Sustainability indicators: example 1

SIs should have the following characteristics
1. Simplicity
2. Scope: the SIs should cover the diversity of issues (environmental, social and
economic) and overlap as little as possible
3. Quantification: the SIs should be measurable;

4. Assessment: the SIs should allow trends with time to be determined;

5. Sensitivity: the SIs should be sensitive to change;
6. Timeliness: the SIs should allow timely identification of the trends.

They suggest employing a spatial systems approach, with each spatial system comprising
five sub-systems:
1. Richness of resources;
2. Strength of the economy;
3. Stability of society;
4. Tolerability of the environment
5. Soundness of decision.
SIs are then selected to gauge each of these.

Harvest rates of renewable resources should not exceed regeneration rates.
Waste emissions should not exceed the relevant assimilative capacities of
ecosystems.
Non-renewable resources should be exploited in a quasi-sustainable manner by
limiting their rate of depletion to the rate of creating renewable substitutes.
Sustainable Indicators in Building Projects:

The sustainable indicators in any Building Project can be classified broadly into five
categories:
1. Site
2. Water
3. Energy
4. Material
5. Air

1. SITE: The indicators in this category are

a. Erodability: This is an indicator if the landscape designing of the site has
been done properly. The extent to which the site has worn out over a period
of time needs to be analysed.
b. Sensitivity: All construction activities have some impact on the micro
climate and geology of the region. The extent to which the construction
activity has caused disturbance to the natural phenomenon (wind, water
etc.) in the region is an indication of the extent to which the building is
sensitive to its site.
c. Soil condition: This indicator is more applicable incase of industries which
contaminate the site through its effluents resulting in a Brownfield site over
a period of time. Laboratory tests of the soil would indicate the condition if
the soil is contaminated and if the working conditions in the building are as
desired.
d. Storm water quality: Colour, odour and sediment of the water collect in
the nearby pond will indicate the erosion level and disruption of natural
flow of water in the site. This is applicable in the construction phase as well
as operational phase of the project to check how efficient are the
technologies adopted for controlling soil erosion.
e. Existing infrastructure: This is an indicator of the sustainable
consideration adopted in the project in question. It indicates the level to
which infrastructure development is to be carried out so as to reduce the
environmental impact with respect to the same by locating the building on
that site.
f. Density: The coverage or foot print and the FAR consumed by the building
are an indicator of the extent to which the site and the infrastructure has
been utilized.
2. Water:
a. Water consumption:
i. Water consumption indicates if the supply system is and the sanitary
and plumbing fittings are functioning with the desired efficiency or

they require maintenance this applicable in the operational phase of

the building.
ii. In the construction stage it could be judge by an experienced
manager if the consumption for the day has been optimum or there
has been misuse of the supply.
iii. Water consumption is an indicator of the effectiveness of the system
that has been adopted for reduction in consumption rate.
b. Water quality:
i. The discharge of effluents into the drainage versus production in any
industry indicates the control over the production process.
ii. If recycling system has been adopted then this indicates the efficient
functioning of the recycling unit under question. In case of
municipal supply this indicates if any additional treatment is
required.
c. Efficiency of a design:
i. The percentage covering of the open spaces in the site is an indicator
of the amount to which the building leans towards recharging the
water table or water harvesting.
3. Energy:
a. Energy consumption:
i. Energy consumption in a building is an indicator of the working
condition of the system. If the consumption increases it is an
indicator of some malfunctioning.
ii. Energy consumption is an indicator of the effectiveness of the
system that has been adopted for reduction in consumption rate.
iii. The minimum requirement of any system can be judged by using
this indicator.
b. Renewable energy:
i. The use of renewable energy versus the total consumption of energy
in a building is an indicator of the efficient functioning of the
system. This is applicable for the operational phase of the building.

4. Material:
a. Embodied energy: The percentage use of recycled content in the materials
and reuse of materials indicates the decrease in embodied energy in the
material. Use of locally available materials cuts down the Energy content in
the material drastically since energy consumed for transportation forms the
major fraction of the total energy in the material.
b. Waste: The amount of waste produced on site is an indicator of the
infrastructure development for waste management.
5. Air:
a. Natural ventilation: The number of openings, their positioning as per the
climatic requirement of the region and most important the orientation of the
building with respect to the site is an indication of the effectiveness of a
unit.
b. CO2 content: CO2 content in the indoor is an indicator of the air quality,
which helps to determine the fresh air intake.
c. Suspended air particles:

i. Increase in the suspended particles on construction site is an
indicator of the efficiency of the measures adopted decrease the level
of suspended particles.
ii. The quality of air from AHU indicates the efficiency of the filters
used and if they are to be maintained or replaced.
d. Quality of air: The quality of air indoor indicates the reliability of the
products used for their low emission of volatile organic compounds.

3. 5: Scale & Sustainability

ustainability
Sustainability is studied and managed over many scales (levels or frames of reference) of
time and space and in many contexts of environmental, social and economic organiza
organization.
The focus ranges from the total carrying capacity (sustainability) of planet
Earth to the sustainability of economic sectors, ecosystems, countries, municipalities,
neighborhoods,
s, home gardens, individual lives, individual goods and services,
occupations, lifestyles, behaviour patterns and so on. In short, it can entail the full
compass of biological and human activity or any part of it has
has.
When it comes to as to what should be the scale of the built environment the options for
the same are as follows:
Planet earth
Continent
Country
Region
Province
City
NEIGHBORHOOD
Residential/commercial block
Building level
System / Technologies, services
Equipment level
Building Materials
Fig 3.4: Scales of constructions
As clear from the above shown hierarchy of construction/built environment the fact is
clear that the neighbourhood is the stage of planning which not just only acts as the jump
board for the larger scale of built environment but also provides an opportunity to
understand the multimodal approaches in the sustainable practices for the residents.

The Scale of the neighbourhood in the built environment is quite crucial because of the
following reasons:
The presence of different components of the society viz the residential, commercial,
green spaces, service area and the institutional gives the sense of completeness to the
area as a whole.
3.6: Practices for a Sustainable Neighborhood
The heart of New Urbanism-one of the key driving force behind the concept of LEED-
ND is in the design of neighbourhoods, which can be defined by thirteen elements:
1. The neighbourhood has a discernible centre. This is often a square or a green and
sometimes a busy or memorable street corner. A transit stop would be located at
this centre.
2. Most of the dwellings are within a five-minute walk of the centre, an average of
roughly 1/4 mile or 1,320 feet (0.4 km).
3. There are a variety of dwelling types — usually houses, row-houses,
and apartments — so that younger and older people, singles, and families, the
poor, and the wealthy may find places to live.
4. At the edge of the neighbourhood, there are shops and offices of sufficiently
varied types to supply the weekly needs of a household.
5. A small ancillary building or garage apartment is permitted within the backyard of
each house. It may be used as a rental unit or place to work (for example, an
office or craft workshop).
6. An elementary school is close enough so that most children can walk from their
home.
7. There are small playgrounds accessible to every dwelling — not more than a tenth
of a mile away.
8. Streets within the neighbourhood form a connected network, which disperses
traffic by providing a variety of pedestrian and vehicular routes to any destination.
9. The streets are relatively narrow and shaded by rows of trees. This slows traffic,
creating an environment suitable for pedestrians and bicycles.

10. Buildings in the neighbourhood centre are placed close to the street, creating a
well-defined
defined outdoor room.
11. Parking lots and garage doors rarely front the street. Parking is relegated to the
rear of buildings, usually accessed by alleys.
12. Certain prominent sites at the termination of street vistas or in the neighbourhood
centre are reserved
rved for civic buildings. These provide sites for community
meetings, education, and religious or cultural activities.
13. The neighbourhood is organized to be self-governing.
governing. A formal association
debates and decides matters of maintenance, security, and physi
physical change.
Taxation is the responsibility of the larger community.
Built Environment Toolbox
The Built Environment Toolbox includes elements and design strategies that contribute to
neighbourhood environment. Each of these , when used by community members in
appropriate ways, can increase the well-being
well of the neighborhood.
neighborhood The toolbox starts
with smaller tools, for use by individuals in their houses or shops, and continues with
larger design and zoning
oning tools that would require community action to implement. Some
of the elements in this list are described in the pages that follow.
Table 3.1:
3.1 Built Environment toolbox

Table 3.2: Environment Sustainability Values: The built environment

Table 3.3: Environmental Sustainablity values: Natural Resources

Sustainable Neighborhood-The Benefits………………………………………………
Sustainable Neighbourhoods Lower Public Costs
Infrastructure makes modern life possible. We could not go on living our normal lives
without roads, water, sewer, trash removal, police and fire protection, or schools. Each of
these costs money, and they are typically funded with local money, generated from local
property taxes.
The costs of infrastructure and community services are not fixed, however. The level of
expense depends on how suitably different developments relate to one another, how well
the buildings within a given development are laid out, and – above all – how far from
each other they are located.
If you are providing water to 100 families, you’ll need to provide 100 faucets; but if they
each live on two acres you’ll need a lot more pipe than if they all live in an apartment
building. One survey of costs of community services estimated that public savings from
Sustainable Neighborhoods-type developments could be $10,000 for a single-family
house.1 Research has found that development patterns that consume less land can lower
public costs from 5 to 75 percent.
Sustainable Neighborhoods reduce the costs of infrastructure and community services in

various ways. Existing Sustainable Neighborhoods that are maintained, rehabilitated, or
retrofitted already have roads and utility networks. Most new infill projects within these
existing neighborhoods also require low levels of public investments for infrastructure.
New Sustainable Neighborhoods do require new public expenditures, but because such
neighborhoods are compact, there is less distance between dwellings, thus decreasing
costs to property taxpayers in comparison to conventional subdivisions.
A pleasing side effect of reducing infrastructure costs is that housing becomes more
affordable. Many municipalities require developers to pay for the cost of public

improvements. Developers pass these costs on to consumers, raising the selling price.
Lowering the cost of infrastructure can reduce the cost of new housing.
Sustainable Neighborhoods Meet the Needs of All Citizens
Sustainable Neighborhoods – both new and historic – can comfortably contain a wide
range of housing types. Single-family, duplex, townhouse, and multi-family structures
can all comfortably co-exist in the same neighborhood. Furthermore, because Sustainable
Neighborhoods offer a high level of visual and structural variety, they make mixing rental
with owner-occupied properties viable. Such mixes of housing types and ownership
arrangements allow people of different ages, incomes, and family types to live in the
same neighborhood. This is to say, Sustainable Neighborhoods foster diversity and
vitality.
Sustainable Neighborhoods Preserve Land and Natural Resources
Because they are less dispersed than conventional subdivisions, Sustainable

Neighborhoods consume less land. That means that they leave more land for other things,
such as preserving wetlands, view sheds, woodlands, or other natural or scenic features.
These natural areas can serve any number of purposes, some with direct benefits to the
neighborhood, others with broader benefits.
For example, wetlands, forests, and prairies are natural water purifiers. They can capture
storm water, recharge aquifers, clean runoff, and prevent flooding. Areas of wildness can
also provide critical wildlife habitat – especially if linked to a larger network of
environmental corridors – and they afford areas for passive recreation.

Sustainable neighborhoods Promote civic spaces and Social interactions
Open spaces in Sustainable Neighborhoods are consciously created as civic places. They
become organizing features of neighbourhood design, helping to determine the location
and orientation of homes and businesses, and helping to determine how people will move
around their neighborhood. Sustainable Neighborhoods’ open spaces are where residents
play, gather, meet, and relax – together.
While many Sustainable Neighborhoods offer residents and owners private backyards,
these tend to be less expensive than in a conventional subdivision. Instead, Sustainable
Neighborhoods favour the front side of the house, where the public realm meets the
private, as the place to relax, play with the kids or pets, or just watch the neighbours walk
by.
Sustainable Neighborhoods also integrate plazas, vest-pocket parks, and other small open
spaces within easy walking distance of homes. The homes and businesses that face these
civic spaces allow neighbours to keep an eye on things, which increases both the
perception and the reality of a safe and secure environment. These neighborhoods also
feature sidewalks and on-street parking, which allow local parks to accommodate
festivals and gatherings (whether organized or impromptu) without the need for vast
areas of surface parking. Finally, most Sustainable Neighborhoods – both old and new –
have access to larger parks with play fields or natural areas. Such larger-scale parks are
frequently located on the edge of neighborhoods, where they can serve several areas at
once.
Sustainable Neighborhoods Support Efficient Use of Energy
There is a growing demand for Sustainable Neighborhoods that use resources and energy
efficiently for long-term sustainability. Decisions made when building a new home or
addition, remodelling an existing home, or selecting products have a lasting impact on the
environment and liveability of our homes and neighborhoods.

Energy Efficiency
Proper design for energy efficient buildings combines appropriate building placement,
optimal insulation, a sealed building envelope, and balanced ventilation in order to
conserve energy, improve the health and comfort of the occupants, and reduce operating
costs. When selecting appliances and lighting fixtures choose high efficiency models and
look for the Energy Star label. Whether for new construction or re-modelling, energy
efficient methods and design make for more affordable housing that contributes to
healthy and vibrant neighborhoods. Because energy costs are lower, a substantial number
of people can afford to purchase homes and create a sense of “ownership” in the
neighborhood. Reduced energy use also means less environmental impact from the
burning of fossil fuels.
Ultimately, these savings contribute to a healthier economy, a cleaner environment, and
an improved quality of life.
3.7: Sustainable Site Design
Green site-planning strategies and practices that specifically relate to assessing and
selecting a site for uses such as office buildings and parks, institutional and research
structures, retail businesses, and industrial facilities. The purpose of sustainable site
planning is to integrate design and construction strategies by modifying both site and
building to achieve sustainableer human comfort and operational efficiencies.
Sound site planning is prescriptive and strategic. It charts appropriate patterns of use for a
site while incorporating construction methods that minimize site disruption and the
expenditure of financial and building resources. Site planning assesses a particular
landscape to determine its appropriate use, and then maps the area’s most suitable for
accommodating specific activities associated with that use.
The process is based upon the premise that any landscape setting can be analyzed and
studied as a series of interconnected geological, hydrological, topographic, ecological,

climatologically, and cultural features and systems. An ideal site plan is one in which the
arrangement of roads, buildings, and associated uses is developed using site data and
information from the larger macro-environment, including existing historical and cultural
patterns of the community.
Selecting a building site begins the process of calculating the degree of resource use and
the degree of disturbance of existing natural systems that will be required to support a
building’s development. The most environmentally sound development is one that
disturbs as little of the existing site as possible. Therefore, sites suitable for commercial
building should ideally be located within or adjacent to existing commercial
environments.
Building projects also require connections to mass transit, vehicular infrastructure, and
utility and telecommunication networks. Sound site planning and building design should
consider locating building-support services in common corridors, or siting a building to
take advantage of existing service networks. This consolidation can minimize site
disruption and facilitate building repair and inspection.
The use, scale, and structural systems of a building affect its particular site requirements
and associated environmental impacts. Building characteristics, orientation, and
placement should be considered in relation to the site so that proper drainage systems,
circulation patterns, landscape design, and other site-development features can be
determined.
Site Analysis and Assessment
The purpose of a site analysis is to break down the site into basic parts, to isolate areas
and systems requiring protection, and to identify both off-site and on-site factors that may
require mitigation. Site assessment is a process that examines the data gathered and
identified in the site analysis, assigns specific site factors to hierarchies of importance,
and identifies, where possible, interactive relationships.

For example, an analysis may identify specific soils and their properties, vegetation types
and their distribution, or various slope and slope-orientation conditions to name a few site
factors. An assessment applies evaluation criteria that allow the comparison of various
sites’ suitability for a specific use.
Sustainable design practices assess both site and building program to determine the site’s
capacity to support the program without degrading vital systems, or requiring
extraordinary development expenditures. The result of analysis and assessment is a
blueprint for the most appropriate ecological and physical fit between site, building, and
the resulting cultural landscape.
Data Collection
Technical Site Data
Perform a site analysis to determine site characteristics that influence building
design.
The following site characteristics influence building design elements, including form,
shape, bulk, materials, skin-to-volume ratio, structural systems, mechanical systems,
access and service, solar orientation, and finished floor elevation.
o Geographical latitude (solar altitude) and microclimate factors, such as
wind loads
o Topography and adjacent landforms
o Groundwater and surface runoff characteristics
o Solar access
o Air-movement patterns , both annual and diurnal
o Soil texture and its load-bearing capacity
o Parcel shape and access
o Neighbouring developments and proposed future developments
Analyze specific characteristics of climate zones.
Analyze the site’s existing air quality.
Perform soil and groundwater testing.
Test soil suitability for backfills, slope structures, infiltration.

Evaluate site ecosystem for existence of wetlands and endangered species.

Examine existing vegetation to inventory significant plant populations.
Map all natural hazard potentials (such as winds, floods, and mudslides).
Diagram existing pedestrian and vehicular movement and parking to identify
patterns.
Review the potential of utilizing existing local transportation resources.
Identify construction restraints and requirements.
Cultural and Historical Data
Review site’s cultural resources for possible restoration.
Review architectural style of the area for incorporation into building.
Explore use of historically compatible building types.
Infrastructure Data
Analyze site for existing utility and transportation infrastructure and capacity.
Data Assessment
Identify topographic and hydrological impacts of proposed design and building
use.
Develop general area takeoff and overall building footprint compatibility with site.
Identify alternative site design concepts to minimize resource costs and disruption.
Review financial implications of site development, building, and projected
maintenance costs.
Develop matrix of use and site compatibility index
Site Development and Layout

After the site has been selected on the basis of a thorough analysis and assessment, ideal
diagrammatic concepts are laid out on the topographic survey with the objective of
organizing all proposed built elements to achieve an efficient and effective site and
development fit. The main goal of the concepts should be to minimize resource
consumption during construction and after human occupation. It should be noted that
during reclamation of disturbed sites, initial expenditures may be higher than normal and
should be balanced by ongoing landscape management strategies. The following
practices serve to guide the initial concept diagramming process.

Table3.5: Matrix of regional bioclimatic, site use and site design factors.
Infrastructure
Utility Corridors
Design the site plan to minimize road length, building footprint, and the actual
ground area required for intended improvements.
Use gravity sewer systems wherever possible.
Reuse chemical-waste tanks and lines.
Aggregate utility corridors when feasible.
Transportation
Support reduction of vehicle miles travelled (VMT) to the site.
Use existing vehicular transportation networks to minimize the need for new
infrastructure.

Consider increased use of telecommuting strategies.

Consolidate service, pedestrian, and automobile paths.
Building and Site Requirements
Land Features
Building and Site Orientation
Landscaping and Use of Natural Resources
Public Amenities
Construction Methods

Fig 3.6: Continual Improvement

3.8: New Urbanism
"The sum of human happiness increases because of New Urbanism" -Andres Duany
NEW URBANISM promotes the creation and restoration of diverse, walk able, compact,
vibrant, mixed-use communities composed of the same components as conventional
development, but assembled in a more integrated fashion, in the form of complete
communities.
These contain housing, work places, shops, entertainment, schools, parks, and civic
facilities essential to the daily lives of the residents, all within easy walking distance of
each other. New Urbanism promotes the increased use of trains and light rail, instead of
more highways and roads. Urban living is rapidly becoming the new hip and modern way
to live for people of all ages.
New Urbanism is the most important planning movement this century, and is about
creating a better future for us all. It is an international movement to reform the design of
the built environment, and is about raising our quality of life and standard of living by
creating better places to live.
New Urbanism is the revival of our lost art of place-making, and is essentially a re-
ordering of the built environment into the form of complete cities, towns, villages, and
neighborhoods - the way communities have been built for centuries around the world.
New Urbanism involves fixing and infilling cities, as well as the creation of compact new
towns and villages.
THE PRINCIPLES OF NEW URBANISM

The principles of New Urbanism can be applied increasingly to projects at the full range
of scales from a single building to an entire community.

1. Walk ability-
Most things within a 10-minute walk of home and work
Pedestrian friendly street design (buildings close to street; porches, windows &
doors; tree-lined streets; on street parking; hidden parking lots; garages in rear
lane; narrow, slow speed streets)
Pedestrian streets free of cars in special cases
2. Connectivity
Interconnected street grid network disperses traffic & eases walking
A hierarchy of narrow streets, boulevards, and alleys
High quality pedestrian network and public realm makes walking pleasurable
3. Mixed-use & diversity

A mix of shops, offices, apartments, and homes on site. Mixed-use within
neighborhoods, within blocks, and within buildings
Diversity of people - of ages, income levels, cultures, and races
4. Mixed housing
A range of types, sizes and prices in closer proximity
5. Quality architecture & urban design
Emphasis on beauty, aesthetics, human comfort, and creating a sense of place.
Special placement of civic uses and sites within community. Human scale
architecture & beautiful surroundings nourish the human spirit.
6. Traditional Neighbourhood Structure
Discernable center and edge
Public space at center
Importance of quality public realm; public open space designed as civic art
Contains a range of uses and densities within 10-minute walk
Transect planning: Highest densities at town center; progressively less dense
towards the edge. The transect is an analytical system that conceptualizes mutually
reinforcing elements, creating a series of specific natural habitats and/or urban
lifestyle settings.

The Transect integrates environmental methodology for habitat assessment with

zoning methodology for community design. The professional boundary between
the natural and man-made disappears, enabling environmentalists to assess the
design of the human habitat and the urbanists to support the viability of nature.
This urban-to-rural transect hierarchy has appropriate building and street types for
each area along the continuum.
7. Increased Density
More buildings, residences, shops, and services closer together for ease of
walking, to enable a more efficient use of services and resources, and to create a
more convenient, enjoyable place to live.
New Urbanism design principles are applied at the full range of densities from
small towns, to large cities
8. Smart Transportation
A network of high-quality trains connecting cities, towns, and neighborhoods
together
Pedestrian-friendly design that encourages a sustainableer use of bicycles,
rollerblades, scooters, and walking as daily transportation
9. Sustainability
Minimal environmental impact of development and its operations
Eco-friendly technologies, respect for ecology and value of natural systems
Energy efficiency
Less use of finite fuels
More local production
More walking, less driving
10. Quality of Life
Taken together these add up to a high quality of life well worth living, and create
places that enrich, uplift, and inspire the human spirit.

Benefits of New Urbanism
Benefits to Residents
Higher quality of life; Better places to live, work, & play; Higher, more stable property
values; Less traffic congestion & less driving; Healthier lifestyle with more walking, and
less stress; Close proximity to main street retail & services; Close proximity to bike trails,
parks, and nature; Pedestrian friendly communities offer more opportunities to get to
know others in the neighbourhood and town, resulting in meaningful relationships with
more people, and a friendlier town
More freedom and independence to children, elderly, and the poor in being able to get to
jobs, recreation, and services without the need for a car or someone to drive them;
Sustainable savings to residents and school boards in reduced busing costs from children
being able to walk or bicycle to neighbourhood schools; More diversity and smaller,
unique shops and services with local owners who are involved in community; Big
savings by driving less, and owning less cars
Less ugly, congested sprawl to deal with daily; Better sense of place and community
identity with more unique architecture; More open space to enjoy that will remain open
space; More efficient use of tax money with less spent on spread out utilities and roads
Benefits to Businesses
Increased sales due to more foot traffic & people spending less on cars and gas; More
profits due to spending less on advertising and large signs; Better lifestyle by living
above shop in live-work units - saves the stressful & costly commute; Economies of scale
in marketing due to close proximity and cooperation with other local businesses; Smaller
spaces promote small local business incubation
Lower rents due to smaller spaces & smaller parking lots; Healthier lifestyle due to more
walking and being near healthier restaurants; More community involvement from being
part of community and knowing resident

Benefits to Developers
More income potential from higher density mixed-use projects due to more leasable
square footage, more sales per square foot, and higher property values and selling prices;
Faster approvals in communities that have adopted smart growth principles resulting in
cost / time savings
Cost savings in parking facilities in mixed-use properties due to sharing of spaces

throughout the day and night, resulting in less duplication in providing parking; Less
need for parking facilities due to mix of residences and commercial uses within walking
distance of each other
Less impact on roads / traffic, which can result in lower impact fees; Lower cost of
utilities due to compact nature of New Urbanist design; Sustainableer acceptance by the
public and less resistance from NIMBYS; Faster sell out due to sustainableer acceptance
by consumers from a wider product range resulting in wider market share
Benefits To Municipalities
Stable, appreciating tax base; Less spent per capita on infrastructure and utilities than
typical suburban development due to compact, high-density nature of projects; Increased
tax base due to more buildings packed into a tighter area; Less traffic congestion due to
walkability of design
Less crime and less spent on policing due to the presence of more people day and night;
Less resistance from community; Better overall community image and sense of place;
Less incentive to sprawl when urban core area is desirable; Easy to install transit where
it's not, and improve it where it is; Sustainable civic involvement of population leads to
better governance
Ways to Implement New Urbanism

The most effective way to implement New Urbanism is to plan for it, and write it into
zoning and development codes. This directs all future development into this form.

New Urbanism is best planned at all levels of development:

The single building
Groups of buildings
The urban block
The neighborhood
Networks of neighborhoods
Towns
Cities
Regions
Increasingly, regional planning techniques are being used to control and shape growth
into compact, high-density, mixed-use neighborhoods, villages, towns, and cities.
Planning new train systems (instead of more roads) delivers the best results when
designed in harmony with regional land planning - known as Transit Oriented
Development (TOD). At the same time, the revitalization of urban areas directs and
encourages infill development back into city centers.
Planning for compact growth, rather than letting it sprawl out, has the potential to
sustainablely increase the quality of the environment. It also prevents congestion
problems and the environmental degradation normally associated with growth.
Charter of the New Urbanism- Congress for the New Urbanism
The neighborhood, the district, and the corridor
1. The neighborhood, the district, and the corridor are the essential elements of
development and redevelopment in the metropolis. They form identifiable areas
that encourage citizens to take responsibility for their maintenance and evolution.
2. Neighborhoods should be compact, pedestrian-friendly, and mixed-use. Districts

generally emphasize a special single use, and should follow the principles of
neighbourhood design when possible. Corridors are regional connectors of

neighborhoods and districts; they range from boulevards and rail lines to rivers
and parkways.
3. Many activities of daily living should occur within walking distance, allowing
independence to those who do not drive, especially the elderly and the young.
Interconnected networks of streets should be designed to encourage walking,
reduce the number and length of automobile trips, and conserve energy.
4. Within neighborhoods, a broad range of housing types and price levels can bring
people of diverse ages, races, and incomes into daily interaction, strengthening the
personal and civic bonds essential to an authentic community.
5. Transit corridors, when properly planned and coordinated, can help organize
metropolitan structure and revitalize urban centers. In contrast, highway corridors
should not displace investment from existing centers.
6. Appropriate building densities and land uses should be within walking distance of
transit stops, permitting public transit to become a viable alternative to the
automobile.
7. Concentrations of civic, institutional, and commercial activity should be

embedded in neighborhoods and districts, not isolated in remote, single-use
complexes. Schools should be sized and located to enable children to walk or
bicycle to them.
8. The economic health and harmonious evolution of neighborhoods, districts, and

corridors can be improved through graphic urban design codes that serve as
predictable guides for change.
9. A range of parks, from tot-lots and village greens to ball fields and community
gardens, should be distributed within neighborhoods. Conservation areas and open
lands should be used to define and connect different neighborhoods and districts.

3.9: Conclusion
The understanding of the scale of applicability of the sustainable practices at the

neighbourhood with the understanding of the various parameters of the neighborhood
development was taken up. Therefore the various morphologies of the neighbourhood
development are studied.
The concept of sustainable development has been introduced and sustainable indicators
have been identified for building projects which have been classified as indicators for
site, water, energy, materials and air.
At the same time the concept of scale and sustainability is also considered and analyzed
to examine that the approach of holistic sustainable development is the need of the hour
and the practices of sustainability be applied on a broader term is actually required for the
bigger target of sustainable earth.
In the modern context of sustainable construction the guidelines formulated by the

congress for new urbanism are discussed and analyzed. The practices and principles and
the benefits of the same are also stated.

4
4. LEED Neighborhood Development
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Rating System
4.3. Project Check List for LEED certification
4.4. Process of Certification
4.5. Areas of credits
4.6. Glossary of Definitions of various elements.
4.1: Introduction
The Case for Green Neighbourhood Developments

As the population continues to expand rapidly, consumption of land grows
exponentially—currently, three times the rate of population growth. At this breathtaking
pace, two-thirds of the development on the ground in 2050 will be built between now and
then. The way we grow—especially how and where we grow—will have a profound
effect on our planet and on us.
Land use and neighbourhood design patterns create a particular physical reality and
compel behaviours that have a significant effect on the environmental performance of a
given place. Segregated land uses accessed by high speed roadways that necessitate the
use of cars have been the predominant development pattern over the past 50 years.
Transportation accounts for roughly one-third of greenhouse gas emissions, a large
portion of which can be attributed to personal automobile use.2 Burning fossil fuels for
transportation increases air pollution and related respiratory diseases. Automobile-
oriented neighbourhoods tend to be hostile to pedestrians and unsupportive of traditional
mixed-use neighbourhood centres. Sprawling development patterns fragment habitat,
endanger sensitive land and water bodies, destroy precious farmland, and increase the
burden on municipal infrastructure.
In contrast, by placing residences and jobs proximate to each other, thoughtful
neighbourhood planning and development can limit automobile trips and the associated
greenhouse gas emissions. Mixed-use development and walk able streets encourage
walking, bicycling, and public transportation for daily errands and commuting.
Environmentally responsible buildings and infrastructure are an important component of
any green neighbourhood, further reducing greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing
energy consumption. Green buildings and infrastructure also lessen negative
consequences for water resources, air quality, and natural resource consumption.
Green neighbourhood developments are beneficial to the community and the individual
as well as the environment. The character of a neighbourhood, including its streets,
homes, workplaces, shops, and public spaces, significantly affects the quality of life.

Green neighbourhood developments enable a wide variety of residents to be part of the

community by including housing of varying types and price ranges.
Green developments respect historical resources and the existing community fabric; they
preserve open space and encourage access to parks. Green buildings, community gardens,
and streets and public spaces that encourage physical activity are beneficial for public
health. Combine the substantial environmental and social benefits and the case for green
neighbourhoods makes itself.
Understanding LEED for Neighbourhood Development
LEED for Neighbourhood Development is a rating system that integrates the principles of
smart growth, new urbanism, and green building into the first national standard for
neighbourhood design. It is being developed by USGBC in partnership with the Congress
for the New Urbanism (CNU) and the Natural Resources Defence Council (NRDC).
Significance of LEED-ND Certification
Using the framework of other LEED rating systems, LEED for Neighbourhood
Development recognizes development projects that successfully protect and enhance the
overall health, natural environment, and quality of life of our communities. The rating
system encourages smart growth and new urbanist best practices, promoting the location
and design of neighbourhoods that reduce vehicle miles travelled and communities where
jobs and services are accessible by foot or public transit. It promotes more efficient
energy and water use—especially important in urban areas where infrastructure is often
overtaxed.
Status of LEED-ND
The LEED for Neighbourhood Development pilot program is well underway. A call for
pilot projects took place between in early 2007. Due to overwhelming interest in the pilot
program, additional resources were made available that enabled us to accommodate twice
as many projects as originally anticipated, and 238 projects from 39 states and 6 countries
are now registered to participate in the pilot program.
These projects are in the process of gathering documentation based on the rating system,
which they will submit to USGBC in order to become certified. The information learned

during the pilot program will be used to make further revisions to the rating system and
certification process, and the resulting draft rating system will be posted for public
comment before it is submitted for final approvals and balloting.
4.2: Rating System
Other LEED rating systems & LEED for Neighbourhood Development
Points are available within the LEED for Neighbourhood Development rating system for
including LEED Certified buildings and for integrating green building practices within
the buildings on the project site. These credits relate to energy efficiency, reduced water
use, building reuse, recycled materials, and heat island reduction.
LEED-ND & other the Application Guide for Multiple Buildings and On-Campus
Building Projects
The Application Guide for Multiple Buildings and On-Campus Building Projects is based
on the LEED for New Construction rating system for buildings and therefore does not
incorporate smart growth or new urbanism to the extent that LEED for Neighborhood
Development does. The LEED for Neighbourhood Development rating system focuses
on residential, commercial, and mixed use projects developed by a single entity but often
sold or leased to multiple consumers whereas the application guide targets institutional
and office park campuses, which are usually owned and operated by a single entity.
LEED Rating Systems
Background on LEED: Following the formation of the U.S. Green Building Council
(USGBC) in 1993, the organization’s members quickly realized that the sustainable
building industry needed a system to define and measure “green buildings.” USGBC
began to research existing green building metrics and rating systems. Less than a year
after formation, the members acted on the initial findings by establishing a committee to
focus solely on this topic. The composition of the committee was diverse; it included
architects, real estate agents, a building owner, a lawyer, an environmentalist, and
industry representatives. This cross section of people and professions added a richness

and depth both to the process and to the ultimate product, the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) certification system.
The first LEED Pilot Project Program, also referred to as LEED Version 1.0, was
launched at the USGBC Membership Summit in August 1998. After extensive
modifications, LEED Green Building Rating System Version 2.0 was released in March
2000, with LEED Version 2.1 following in 2002 and LEED Version 2.2 following in
2005.
As LEED has evolved and matured, the program has undertaken new initiatives. In
addition to a rating system specifically devoted to building operational and maintenance
issues (LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance), LEED addresses the
different project development and delivery processes that exist in the U.S. building
design and construction market, through rating systems for specific building typologies,
sectors, and project scopes: LEED for Core & Shell, LEED for New Construction, LEED
for Schools, LEED for Retail, LEED for Healthcare, LEED for Homes, and LEED for
Commercial Interiors. LEED for Neighbourhood Development is the latest LEED
certification system to be released.
The green building and neighbourhood development field is growing and changing daily.
New technologies and products are being introduced into the marketplace, and innovative
designs and practices are proving their effectiveness. The LEED rating systems and
reference guides will evolve as well. Project teams must comply with the version of the
rating system that is current at the time of their registration.

4.3: Area of Credits
LEED 2009 FOR NEIGHBORHOD DEVELOPMENT Project Checklist

Smart location and linkage 27possible points
Prerequisite 1 Smart Location required
Prerequisite 2 Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities required
Prerequisite 3 Wetland and Water body Conservation required
Prerequisite 4 Agricultural Land Conservation required
Prerequisite 5 Floodplain Avoidance required
Credit 1 Preferred Locations 10
Credit 2 Brownfield redevelopment 2
Credit 3 Locations with reduced Automobile Dependence 7
Credit 4 Bicycle Network and Storage 1
Credit 5 Housing and Jobs proximity 3
Credit 6 Steep Slope protection 1
Credit 7 Site Design for habitat or Wetland and Water body
Conservation 1
Credit 8 Restoration of habitat or Wetlands and Water bodies 1
Credit 9 Long-term Conservation management of habitat or
Wetlands and Water bodies 1
Neighborhood pattern and Design 44 possible points
Prerequisite 1 Walk able Streets required
Prerequisite 2 Compact Development required
Prerequisite 3 Connected and open Community required
Credit 1 Walk able Streets 12
Credit 2 Compact Development 6
Credit 3 Mixed-Use Neighborhood Centers 4
Credit 4 Mixed-income Diverse Communities 7
Credit 5 Reduced parking footprint 1
Credit 6 Street Network 2
Credit 7 Transit facilities 1
Credit 8 Transportation Demand management 2
Credit 9 Access to Civic and public Spaces 1
Credit 10 Access to recreation facilities 1

Credit 11 Visit ability and Universal Design 1

Credit 12 Community outreach and involvement 2
Credit 13 Local food production 1
Credit 14 Tree-Lined and Shaded Streets 2
Credit 15 Neighborhood Schools 1
Green infrastructure and Buildings 29 possible points
Prerequisite 1 Certified green building required
Prerequisite 2 Minimum building Energy Efficiency required
Prerequisite 3 Minimum building Water Efficiency required
Prerequisite 4 Construction Activity pollution prevention required
Credit 1 Certified green buildings 5
Credit 2 Building Energy Efficiency 2
Credit 3 Building Water Efficiency 1
Credit 4 Water-Efficient Landscaping 1
Credit 5 Existing building reuse 1
Credit 6 Historic resource preservation and Adaptive Use 1
Credit 7 Minimized Site Disturbance in Design and Construction 1
Credit 8 Storm water management 4
Credit 9 Heat island reduction 1
Credit 10 Solar orientation 1
Credit 11 On-Site renewable Energy Sources 3
Credit 12 District heating and Cooling 2
Credit 13 Infrastructure Energy Efficiency 1
Credit 14 Wastewater management 2
Credit 15 Recycled Content in infrastructure 1
Credit 16 Solid Waste management infrastructure 1
Credit 17 Light pollution reduction 1
Innovation and Design process 6 possible points
Credit 1 Innovation and Exemplary performance 1–5
Credit 2 LEED® Accredited professional 1
Regional priority Credit 4 possible points
Credit 1 Regional priority 1–4

LEED 2009 for neighbourhood Development Certification levels

100 base points plus 6 possible innovation and Design process and 4 possible regional priorities
Credit points
CERTIFIED 40–49 points
SILVER 50–59 points
GOLD 60–79 points
PLATINUM 80points and+
4.4: Process of Certification
Stages of Certification
LEED for Neighbourhood Development involves projects that may have significantly
longer construction periods than single buildings, and as a result the standard LEED
certification process has been modified. To provide developers of certifiable projects with
conditional approval at an early stage, LEED 2009 for Neighbourhood Development
certification is divided into a three-stage process. A land-use entitlement, referred to
below, is the existing or granted right to use property for specific types and quantities of
residential and non-residential land uses.
Stage 1. Conditional Approval of a LEED-ND Plan. This stage is optional for projects
at any point before the entitlement process begins, or when no more than 50% of a
project’s total new and/or renovated building square footage has land-use entitlements to
use property for the specific types and quantities of residential and nonresidential land
uses proposed, either by right or through a local government regulatory change process.
Projects with more than 50% of new and/or renovated square footage already entitled
must complete the local entitlement process for 100% of new and/or renovated square
footage and apply under Stage 2.
If conditional approval of the plan is achieved, a letter will be issued stating that if the
project is built as proposed, it will be eligible to achieve LEED for Neighborhood
Development certification. The purpose of this letter is to help the developer build a case

for entitlement among land-use planning authorities, as well as attract financing and
occupant commitments.
Stage 2. Pre-Certified LEED-ND Plan. This stage is available after 100% of the
project’s total new and/or renovated building square footage has been fully entitled by
public authorities with jurisdiction over the project. The project can also be under
construction or partially completed, but no more than 75% of the total square footage can
be constructed; projects that are more than 75% constructed must finish and use Stage 3.
Any changes to the conditionally approved plan that could affect prerequisite or credit
achievement must be communicated as part of this submission. If precertification of the
plan is achieved, a certificate will be issued stating that the plan is a Pre- Certified LEED
for Neighborhood Development Plan and it will be listed as such on the USGBC website.
Stage 3. LEED-ND Certified Neighbourhood Development. This final step takes place
when the project can submit documentation for all prerequisites and attempted credits,
and when certificates of occupancy for buildings and acceptance of infrastructure have
been issued by public authorities with jurisdiction over the project. Any changes to the
Pre-Certified LEED-ND Plan that could affect prerequisite or credit achievement must be
communicated as part of this submission. If certification of the completed neighborhood
development is achieved, a plaque or similar award for public display at the project site
will be isssued and it will be listed as certified on the USGBC website.
Since the location of a project cannot be changed, whereas its design and technologies
can, a review is offered to determine a project’s compliance with the Smart Location and
Linkage (SLL) prerequisites and inform the team whether the location qualifies. If it
does, a project team can proceed; if it doesn’t, the team can end its participation in the
program before investing more time. This optional review of the SLL prerequisites is
available to projects in advance of a Stage 1, Stage 2, or Stage 3 application.

4.5: Areas of credits

4. 5.1 | Smart Links & Linkages
SLL Prerequisite 1: Smart Location (Required)

Intent
To encourage development within and near existing communities and public transit
infrastructure. To encourage improvement and redevelopment of existing cities, suburbs,
and towns while limiting the expansion of the development footprint in the region to
appropriate circumstances. To reduce vehicle trips and vehicle miles travelled (VMT). To
reduce the incidence of obesity, heart disease, and hypertension by encouraging daily
physical activity associated with walking and bicycling.
Requirements
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Either (a) locate the project on a site served by existing water and wastewater
infrastructure or (b) locate the project within a legally adopted, publicly owned, planned
water and wastewater service area, and provide new water and wastewater infrastructure
for the project.
AND
OPTION 1. Infill Sites
Locate the project on an infill site.
OR
OPTION 2. Adjacent Sites with Connectivity
Locate the project on an adjacent site (i.e., a site that is adjacent to previously developed
land) where the connectivity of the site and adjacent land is at least 90
intersections/square mile as measured within a 1/2-mile distance of a continuous segment

of the project boundary, equal to or greater than 25% of the project boundary, that is
adjacent to previous development.
Existing external and internal intersections may be counted if they were not constructed
or funded by the project developer within the past ten years. Locate and/or design the
project such that a through-street and/or non motorized right-of-way intersects the project
boundary at least every 600 feet on average, and at least every 800 feet, connecting it
with an existing street and/or right of way outside the project; non motorized rights-of-
way may count for no more than 20% of the total.
The exemptions listed in NPD Prerequisite 3, Connected and Open Community; do not
apply to this option
Figure 4.1: Adjacent and connected project site based on minimum 25% of perimeter adjacent
to previously developed parcels and at least 90 eligible intersections per square mile within 1/2
mile of boundary segment adjacent to previous development

Figure 4.2: Project site with through-street

through right-of-way
way intersecting project boundary at least
every 600 feet on average
OR
OPTION 3. Transit Corridor or Route with Adequate Transit Service
Locate the project on a site with existing and/or planned transit service such that at least
50% of dwelling units and nonresidential building entrances (inclusive of existing
buildings) are within a 1/4 mile walk distance of bus and/or streetcar stops, or within a
1/2 mile walk distance of bus rapid transit stops, light or heavy rail stations, and/or ferry
terminals, and the transit service at those stops in aggregate meets the minimums listed in
Table 1 (both weekday and weekend trip minimums must be met). Weekend trips must
include service on both Saturday and Sunday. Commuter rail must serve more than one
metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and/or the area surrounding the core of an MSA.
Table 4.1: Minimum daily transit service
If transit service is planned but not yet operational, the project must demonstrate one of
the following:
a. The relevant transit agency has a signed full funding grant agreement with the
Federal Transit Administration that includes a revenue operations date for the start

of transit service. The revenue operations date must be no later than the occupancy
date of 50% of the project’s total building square footage.
b. For bus, streetcar, bus rapid transit, or ferry service, the transit agency must certify
that it has an approved budget that includes specifically allocated funds sufficient
to provide the planned service at the levels listed above and that service at these
levels will commence no later than occupancy of 50% of the project’s total
building square footage.
c. For rail service other than streetcars, the transit agency must certify that
preliminary engineering for a rail line has commenced. In addition, the service
must meet either of these two requirements:
a. A state legislature or local subdivision of the state has authorized the transit
agency to expend funds to establish rail transit service that will commence
no later than occupancy of 50% of the project’s total building square
footage. OR
b. A municipality has dedicated funding or reimbursement commitments from
future tax revenue for the development of stations, platforms, or other rail
transit infrastructure that will service the project no later than occupancy of
50% of the project’s total building square footage.
Fig 4.3 Walking routes on pedestrian network showing distances from dwellings and non
residential uses to transit Stops

OR
OPTION 4. Sites with Nearby Neighbourhood Assets
Include a residential component equalling at least 30% of the project’s total building
square footage (exclusive of portions of parking structures devoted exclusively to
parking), and locate the project near existing neighbourhood shops, services, and
facilities (“diverse uses”; see Appendix) such that the project boundary is within 1/4-mile
walk distance of at least five diverse uses, or such that the project’s geographic center is
within 1/2-mile walk distance of at least seven diverse uses. In either case the qualifying
uses must include at least one food retail establishment and at least one service from each
of two other categories, with the following limitations:
a. A single establishment may not be counted in two categories (e.g., a place of worship
may be counted only once even if it also contains a daycares facility, and a retail store
may be counted only once even if it sells products in several categories).
b. Establishments in a mixed-use building may each count if they are distinctly operated
enterprises with separate exterior entrances, but no more than half of the minimum
number of diverse uses can be situated in a single building or under a common roof.
c. Only two establishments in a single category may be counted (e.g., if five restaurants
are within the required distance, only two may be counted).
Fig44. Walking routes on pedestrian network showing distances from dwellings and
nonresidential uses to diverse use destinations

SLL Prerequisite 2: Imperilled Species and Ecological Communities Conservation

(Required)
Intent
To conserve imperilled species and ecological communities.
Requirements
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Consult with the state Natural Heritage Program and state fish and wildlife agencies to
determine whether species listed as threatened or endangered under the federal
Endangered Species Act, the state’s endangered species act, or species or ecological
communities classified by NatureServe as GH (possibly extinct), G1 (critically
imperiled), or G2 (imperiled) have been or are likely to be found on the project site
because of the presence of suitable habitat and nearby occurrences. If the consultations
are inconclusive and site conditions indicate that imperiled species or ecological
communities could be present, using a qualified biologist, perform biological surveys
using accepted methodologies during appropriate seasons to determine whether such
species or communities occur or are likely to occur on the site.
OPTION 1. Sites without Affected Species or Ecological Community
The prerequisite is satisfied if the consultation and any necessary biological surveys
determine that no such imperiled species or ecological communities have been found or
have a high likelihood of occurring.
OR
OPTION 2. Sites with Affected Species or Ecological Community: Habitat Conservation
Plan Comply with an approved habitat conservation plan under the Endangered Species
Act for each identified species or ecological community.
OR
OPTION 3. Sites with Affected Species or Ecological Community: Habitat Conservation
Plan Equivalent Work with a qualified biologist, a nongovernmental conservation
organization, or the appropriate state, regional, or local agency to create and implement a
conservation plan that includes the following actions:
a. Identify and map the extent of the habitat and the appropriate buffer, not less
than 100 feet, according to best available scientific information.

b. To the maximum extent practicable, protect the identified habitat and buffer in
perpetuity by donating or selling the land or a conservation easement on the land
to an accredited land trust or relevant public agency.
c. If on-site protection can be accomplished, analyze threats from development
and develop a monitoring and management plan that eliminates or significantly
reduces the threats.
d. If any portion of the identified habitat and buffer cannot be protected in
perpetuity, quantify the effects by acres or number of plants and/or animals
affected, and protect from development in perpetuity habitat of similar or better
quality, on-site or off-site, by donating or selling a conservation easement on it to
an accredited land trust or relevant public agency. The donation or easement must
cover an amount of land equal to or larger than the area that cannot be protected.
SLL Prerequisite 3: Wetland and Water Body Conservation (Required)

Intent
To preserve water quality, natural hydrology, habitat, and biodiversity through
conservation of wetlands and water bodies.
Requirements
Limit development effects on wetlands, water bodies, and surrounding buffer land
according to the requirements below.
OPTION 1. Sites with No Wetlands, Water Bodies, Land within 50 Feet of Wetlands, or
Land within 100 Feet of Water Bodies
Locate the project on a site that includes no wetlands, no water bodies, no land within 50
feet of wetlands, and no land within 100 feet of water bodies.
OR
OPTION 2. Sites with Wetlands, Water Bodies, Land within 50 Feet of Wetlands, or
Land within 100 Feet of Water Bodies
a. Locate the project such that preproject wetlands, water bodies, land within 50 feet of
wetlands, and land within 100 feet of water bodies is not affected by new development,
unless the development is minor improvements or is on previously developed land.
OR

b. Earn at least 1 point under GIB Credit 8, Stormwater Management, and limit any
impacts beyond minor improvements to less than the percentage of
of buffer land listed in
Table4.2
Table 4.2: Maximum allowable area of impacts within buffer zone, by density
AND
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Comply with all local, state, and federal regulations pertaining to wetland and water body
conservation. The following features are not considered wetlands, water bodies, or buffer
land that must be protected for the purposes of this prerequisite:
a. Previously developed land.
b. Man-made
made water bodies (such as industrial mining pits, concrete-lined
concrete canals,
or stormwater retention ponds) that lack natural edges and floors or native
ecological communities in the water and along the edge.
c. Man-made
made linear wetlands that result from the interruption of natural drainages
by existing rights-of--way.
d. Wetlands that were man-made
man made incidentally and have been rated “poor” for all
measured wetland functions. Wetland quality assessment must be performed by a
qualified biologist using a method that is accepted by state or regional permitting
agencies. Minor improvements within the buffer may be undertaken to enhance
appreciation for the wetland or water body, provided such facilities are open to
public access. Only the following improvements are permitted:
a) Bicycle and pedestrian pathways no more than 12 feet wide, of which no more
than 8 feet may be impervious.

b) Activities to maintain or restore native natural communities and/or natural

hydrology.
c) One single-story structure not exceeding 500 square feet per 300 linear feet of
buffer, on average.
d) Grade changes necessary to ensure public access.
e) Clearings, limited to one per 300 linear feet of buffer on average, not exceeding
500 square feet each, for tables, benches, and access for non motorized
recreational watercraft. Off-street parking is not considered a minor improvement.
f) Removal of hazardous trees; up to 75% of dead trees; trees less than 6 inches
diameter at breast height;trees under 40% condition rating; and up to 20% of trees
more than 6 inches diameter at breast height with a condition rating of 40% or
higher. The condition rating must be based on an assessment by an arborist
certified by the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) using ISA standard
measures.
g) Brownfield remediation activities.Direct impacts to wetlands and water bodies are
prohibited, except for minimal-impact structures, such as an elevated boardwalk,
that allow access to the water for educational and recreational purposes. Structures
that protrude into wetlands or water bodies may be replaced, provided the
replacement structure has the same or smaller footprint and a similar height.
SLL Prerequisite 4: Agricultural Land Conservation (Required)

Intent
To preserve irreplaceable agricultural resources by protecting prime and unique soils on
farmland and forestland from development.
Requirements
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Locate the project on a site that is not within a state or locally designated agricultural
preservation district, unless any changes made to the site conform to the requirements for
development within the district (as used in this requirement, district does not equate to
land-use zoning).
AND

OPTION 1. Sites without Affected Soils

Locate the project development footprint such that it does not disturb prime soils, unique
soils, or soils of state significance as identified in a state Natural Resources Conservation
Service soil survey. OR
OPTION 2. Infill Sites
Locate the project on an infill site. OR
OPTION 3. Sites Served by Transit
Comply with SLL Prerequisite 1, Option 3, Transit Corridor or Route with Adequate
Transit Service. OR
OPTION 4. Development Rights Receiving Area
Locate the project within a designated receiving area for development rights under a
publicly administered farmland protection program that provides for the transfer of
development rights from lands designated for conservation to lands designated for
development. OR
OPTION 5. Sites with Impacted Soils
If development footprint affects land with prime soils, unique soils, or soils of state
significance, as identified in a state Natural Resources Conservation Service soil survey,
mitigate the loss through the purchase of easements providing permanent protection from
development on land with comparable soils in accordance with the ratios based on
densities per acre of buildable land as listed in Tables 4.3 and 4.4.
Table 4.3: Mitigation ratios for projects in metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas, pop-250,000

Table 4.4: Mitigation ratios for projects in metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas, pop less than 250,000
All off-site mitigation must be located within 100 miles of the project.
Up to 15% of the impacted soils area may be exempted from the density requirements if it
is permanently dedicated for community gardens, and may also count toward the
mitigation requirement for the remainder of the site. Portions of parking structures
devoted exclusively to parking must be excluded from the numerator when calculating
the floor area ratio (FAR).
The mitigation ratio for a mixed-use project is calculated as follows:
1. Determine the total square footage of all residential and non residential uses.
2. Calculate the percentage residential and percentage non residential of the total
square footage.
3. Determine the density of the residential and non residential components as
measured in dwelling units per acre and FAR, respectively.
4. Referring to Tables 1 and 2, find the appropriate mitigation ratios for the
residential and non residential components.
5. If the mitigation ratios are different, multiply the mitigation ratio of the
residential component by its percentage of the total square footage, and multiply
the mitigation ratio of the non residential component by its percentage.
6. Add the two numbers produced by Step 5. The result is the mitigation ratio.
SLL Prerequisite 5: Floodplain Avoidance (Required)
Intent
To protect life and property, promote open space and habitat conservation, and enhance
water quality and natural hydrological systems.
Requirement
OPTION 1. Sites without Floodplains

Locate on a site that does not contain any land within a 100-year high- or moderate-risk
floodplain as defined and mapped by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) or a state or local floodplain management agency, whichever is more recent.
OR
OPTION 2. Infill or Previously Developed Sites with Floodplains
Locate the project on an infill site or a previously developed site or in a nonconveyance
area of river or coastal floodplain without storm surge potential where compensatory
storage is used in accordance with a FEMA approved mitigation plan. Comply with the
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) requirements for developing any portions of
the site that lie within a 100-year high-or moderate-risk floodplain, as defined in Option
1. If the project includes construction of any critical facility, such as a hospital, water and
sewage treatment facility, emergency center, or fire or police station, the critical facility
must be designed and built so as to be protected and operable during a 500-year event, as
defined by FEMA. OR
OPTION 3. All Other Sites with Floodplains
If any part of the site is located within a 100-year high- or moderate-risk floodplain, as
defined above, develop only on portions of the site that are not in the floodplain, or that
have been previously developed, or that are in a non conveyance area of river or coastal
floodplain without storm surge potential where compensatory storage is used in
accordance with a FEMA-approved mitigation plan. Previously developed portions in the
floodplain must be developed according to NFIP requirements. If development includes
construction of any critical facility, as described above, the critical facility must be
designed and built so as to be protected and operable during a 500- year event, as defined
by FEMA.
SLL Credit 1: Preferred Locations (1–10 points)

Intent
To encourage development within existing cities, suburbs, and towns to reduce adverse
environmental and public health effects associated with sprawl. To reduce development
pressure beyond the limits of existing development. To conserve natural and financial
resources required for construction and maintenance of infrastructure.

Requirements
Achieve any combination of requirements in the following three options:
OPTION 1. Location Type
Locate the project in one of the following locations:
a) A previously developed site that is not an adjacent site or infill site (1 point).
b) An adjacent site that is also a previously developed site (2 points).
c) An infill site that is not a previously developed site (3 points).
d) An infill site that is also a previously developed site (5 points).
AND/OR
OPTION 2. Connectivity
Locate the project in an area that has existing connectivity within 1/2 mile of the project
boundary, as listed to Table 4.5
Table4.5: Points for connectivity within ½ mile of project.
Intersections within the site may be counted if the intersections were not constructed or
funded by the developer within the past ten years.
AND/OR
OPTION 3. Designated High-Priority Locations
Achieve the following (3 points):
Earn at least 2 points under NPD Credit 4, Mixed-Income Diverse Communities,
Option 2, Affordable Housing.
In addition, locate the project in one of the following high-priority redevelopment areas:
EPA National Priorities List, Federal Empowerment Zone, Federal Enterprise
Community, Federal Renewal Community, Department of Justice Weed and Seed
Strategy Community, Department of the Treasury Community Development Financial

Institutions Fund Qualified Low-Income Community (a subset of the New Markets Tax
Credit Program), or the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Qualified
Census Tract (QCT) or Difficult Development Area (DDA).
SLL Credit 2: Brownfield’s Redevelopment (1–2 points)

Intent
To encourage the reuse of land by developing sites that are complicated by environmental
contamination, thereby reducing pressure on undeveloped land.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Brownfield Sites (1 point)
Locate the project on a site, part or all of which is documented as contaminated (by
means of an ASTM E1903- 97 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a local
Voluntary Cleanup Program), or on a site defined as a brownfield by a local, state, or
federal government agency; and remediate site contamination such that the controlling
public authority approves the protective measures and/or cleanup as effective, safe, and
appropriate for the future use of the site.
OR
OPTION 2. High-Priority Redevelopment Areas (2 points)
Achieve the requirements in Option 1;
AND
Locate the project in one of the following high-priority redevelopment areas: EPA
National Priorities List, Federal Empowerment Zone, Federal Enterprise Community,
Federal Renewal Community, Department of Justice Weed and Seed Strategy
Community, Department of the Treasury Community Development Financial Institutions
Fund Qualified Low-Income Community (a subset of the New Markets Tax Credit
Program), or the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Qualified
Census Tract (QCT) or Difficult Development Area (DDA).

SLL Credit 3: Locations with Reduced Automobile Dependence (1–7 points)
Intent
To encourage development in locations shown to have multimodal transportation choices
or otherwise reduced motor vehicle use, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air
pollution, and other adverse environmental and public health effects associated with
motor vehicle use.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Transit-Served Location
Locate the project on a site with existing transit service such that at least 50% of dwelling
units and nonresidential building entrances (inclusive of existing buildings) are within a
1/4-mile walk distance of bus or streetcar stops, or within a 1/2-mile walk distance of bus
rapid transit stops, light or heavy rail stations, or ferry terminals, and the transit service at
those stops in aggregate meets the minimums listed in Tables 1 and 2. Both weekday and
weekend trip minimums must be met to earn points at a particular threshold.
Projects larger than 125 acres can meet the requirements by locating on a site with
existing transit service such that at least 40% of dwelling units and nonresidential
building entrances (inclusive of existing buildings) are within a 1/4-mile walk distance of
bus or streetcar stops, or within a 1/2-mile walk distance of bus rapid transit stops, lightor
heavy rail stations, or ferry terminals, and the transit service at those stops in aggregate
meets the minimums listed in Tables 1 and 2 (both weekday and weekend trip minimums
must be met to earn points at a particular threshold), as long as the 40% complies with
NPD Prerequisite 2 and any portion of the project beyond the 1/4-mile and/or 1/2-mile
walk distances meets SLL Prerequisite 1, Option 3-compliant planned transit service.
Projects greater than 500 acres can meet the requirements by locating on a site with
existing transit service such that at least 30% of dwelling units and nonresidential
building entrances (inclusive of existing buildings) are within a 1/4-mile walk distance of
bus or streetcar stops, or within a 1/2-mile walk distance of bus rapid transit stops, light
or heavy rail stations, or ferry terminals, and the transit service at those stops in aggregate
meets the minimums listed in Tables 1 and 2 (both weekday and weekend trip minimums
must be met to earn points at a particular threshold), as long as the 30% complies with

NPD Prerequisite 2 and any portion of the project beyond the 1/4--mile and/or 1/2-mile
walk distances meets SLL Prerequisite 1, Option 3-compliant
3 compliant planned transit service.
For all projects, weekend daily trips must include service on both Saturday and Sunday.
Commuter rail must serve more than one metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and/or the
area surrounding the core of an MSA.
Table 4.6: Minimum daily transit
ransit services for project with multiple transit types (bus, street car, rail or fery)
Table 4.7: Minimum daily transit services for project with commuter rail or fery services
Projects served by two or more transit routes such that no one route provides more than
60% of the prescribed levels may earn 1 bonus point, up to the maximum 7 points.
Projects where existing transit service is temporarily rerouted outside the required
distances for less than 2 years may meet the requirements if the local transit agency has
committed to restoring the compliant routes with service at or above the prior level.
OR
OPTION 2. Metropolitan Planning Organization Location with Low VMT
Locate the project within a region served by a metropolitan planning organization (MPO)
and within a transportation analysis zone where the current annual home-based
home vehicle
miles traveled (VMT) per capita does not exceed 90% of the average of the metropolitan
region. The research must be derived from household transportation surveys conducted
by the MPO
O within ten years of the date of submission for LEED for Neighborhood
Development certification. Additional credit may be awarded for increasing levels of
performance, as indicated in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8: Points for low VMT locations.
SLL Credit 4: Bicycle Network and Storage (1 point)

Intent
To promote bicycling and transportation efficiency, including reduced vehicle miles
traveled (VMT). To support public health by encouraging utilitarian and recreational
physical activity.
Requirements
BICYCLE NETWORK
Design and/or locate the project to meet at least one of the three requirements below:
a) An existing bicycle network of at least 5 continuous miles in length is within 1/4-
mile bicycling distance of the project boundary.
b) If the project is 100% residential, an existing bicycle network begins within 1/4-
mile bicycling distance of the project boundary and connects to a school or
employment center within 3 miles’ bicycling distance.
c) An existing bicycle network within 1/4-mile bicycling distance of the project
boundary connects to at least ten diverse uses (see Appendix) within 3 miles’
bicycling distance from the project boundary.
AND
BICYCLE STORAGE
Provide bicycle parking and storage capacity to new buildings as follows:

a) Multiunit residential. Provide at least one secure, enclosed bicycle storage space
per occupant for 30% of the planned occupancy but no fewer than one per unit.
Provide secure visitor bicycle racks on-site, with at least one bicycle space per ten
dwelling units but no fewer than four spaces per project site.
b) Retail. Provide at least one secure, enclosed bicycle storage space per new retail
worker for 10% of retail worker planned occupancy. Provide visitor or customer
bicycle racks on-site, with at least one bicycle space per 5,000 square feet of retail
space, but no fewer than one bicycle space per business or four bicycle spaces per
project site, whichever is greater. Provide at least one on-site shower with
changing facility for any development with 100 or more new workers and at least
one additional on-site shower with changing facility for every 150 new workers
thereafter.
c) Non residential other than retail. Provide at least one secure, enclosed bicycle
storage space per new occupant for 10% of planned occupancy. Provide visitor
bicycle racks on-site with at least one bicycle space per 10,000 square feet of new
commercial nonretail space but not fewer than four bicycle spaces per building.
Provide at least one on-site shower with changing facility for any development
with 100 or more new workers and at least one additional on-site shower with
changing facility for every 150 new workers thereafter.
Secure, enclosed bicycle storage areas must be locked and easily accessible to residents
and/or workers. Provide informational signage on using the storage facilities.
Visitors’ and customers’ bicycle racks must be clearly visible from a main entry, located
within 100 feet of the door, served with night lighting, and protected from damage from
nearby vehicles. If the building has multiple main entries, bicycle racks must be
proportionally dispersed within 100 feet of each.
Shower and changing facility requirements may be met by providing the equivalent of
free access to on-site health club shower facilities, if the health club can be accessed
without going outside. Provide informational signage on using the shower facilities.

SLL Credit 5: Housing and Jobs Proximity (1–3 points)

Intent
To encourage balanced communities with a diversity of uses and employment
opportunities.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Project with Affordable Residential Component (3 points)
Include a residential component equaling at least 30% of the project’s total building
square footage (exclusive of parking structures), and locate and/or design the project such
that the geographic center (or boundary if the project exceeds 500 acres) is within 1/2-
mile walk distance of existing full-time-equivalent jobs whose number is equal to or
greater than the number of dwelling units in the project; and satisfy the requirements
necessary to earn at least one point under NPD Credit 4, Mixed-Income Diverse
Communities, Option 2, Affordable Housing.
OR
OPTION 2. Project With Residential Component (2 points)
Include a residential component equaling at least 30% of the project’s total building
square footage (exclusive of parking structures), and locate and/or design the project such
that the geographic center (or boundary if the project exceeds 500 acres) is within 1/2-
mile walk distance of existing full-time-equivalent jobs whose number is equal to or
greater than the number of dwelling units in the project.
OR
OPTION 3. Infill Project with Nonresidential Component (1 point)
Include a nonresidential component equaling at least 30% of the project’s total building
square footage (exclusive of parking structures), and locate on an infill site whose
geographic center (or boundary if the project exceeds 500 acres) is within 1/2-mile walk
distance of an existing rail transit, ferry, or tram stop and within 1/2-mile walk distance
of existing dwelling units whose number is equal to or greater than 50% of the number of
new full-time equivalent jobs created as part of the project.

SLL Credit 6: Steep Slope Protection (1 point)

Intent
To minimize erosion to protect habitat and reduce stress on natural water systems by
preserving steep slopes in a natural, vegetated state.
Requirements
FOR ALL PROJECTS
All options apply to existing natural or constructed slopes. Portions of project sites with
slopes up to 20 feet in elevation, measured from toe (a distinct break between a 40%
slope and lesser slopes) to top, that are more than 30 feet in any direction from another
slope greater than 15% are exempt from the requirements, although more restrictive local
regulations may apply.
OPTION 1. No Disturbance of Slopes Over 15%
Locate on a site that has no existing slopes greater than 15%, or avoid disturbing portions
of the site that have existing slopes greater than 15%.
OR
OPTION 2. Previously Developed Sites with Slopes Over 15%
On portions of previously developed sites with existing slopes greater than 15%, restore
the slope area with native plants or noninvasive adapted plants according to Table 4.9.
In addition, develop covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&R); development
agreements; or other binding documents that will protect the specified steep slope areas
in perpetuity. Comply with the requirements of Option 3 on any slope over 15% that has
not been previously developed.
Table 4.9: Required restoration area of slope.
OR
OPTION 3. Undeveloped Sites with Slopes Over 15%
On sites that are not previously developed, protect existing slopes over 15% as follows:

a) Do not disturb slopes greater than 40% and do not disturb portions of the project
site within 50 feet horizontally of the top of the slope and 75 feet horizontally
from the toe of the slope.
b) Limit development to no more than 40% of slopes between 25% and 40% and to
no more than 60% of slopes between 15% and 25%.
c) Locate development such that the percentage of the development footprint that is
on existing slopes less than 15% is greater than the percentage of buildable land
that has existing slopes less than 15%.
d) Develop CC&R, development agreements, or other binding documents that will
protect steep slopes in perpetuity.
SLL Credit 7: Site Design for Habitat or Wetland and Water Body Conservation (1
point)
Intent
To conserve native plants, wildlife habitat, wetlands, and water bodies.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Sites without Significant Habitat or Wetlands and Water Bodies
Locate the project on a site that does not have significant habitat, as defined in Option 2
of this credit, or land within 100 feet of such habitat, and fulfill the requirements of
Options 1 or 2(a) under SLL Prerequisite 3, Wetland and Water Body Conservation.
OR
OPTION 2. Sites with Significant Habitat
Work with both the state’s Natural Heritage Program and the state fish and wildlife
agency to delineate identified significant habitat on the site. Do not disturb significant
habitat or portions of the site within an appropriate buffer around the habitat. The
geographic extent of the habitat and buffer must be identified by a qualified biologist, a
nongovernmental conservation organization, or the appropriate state or regional agency.
Protect significant habitat and its identified buffers from development in perpetuity by
donating or selling the land, or a conservation easement on the land, to an accredited land
trust or relevant public agency (a deed covenant is not sufficient to meet this
requirement). Identify and commit to ongoing management activities, along with parties

responsible for management and funding available, so that habitat is maintained in

preproject condition or better for a minimum of three years after the project is built out.
The requirement for identifying ongoing management activities may also be met by
earning SLL Credit 9, Long-Term Conservation Management of Wetlands and Water
Bodies.
Significant habitat for this credit includes the following:
a. Habitat for species that are listed or are candidates for listing under state or
federal endangered species acts, habitat for species of special concern in the state,
and/or habitat for those species and/or ecological communities classified as G1,
G2, G3, and/or S1 and S2 species by Nature Serve.
b. Locally or regionally significant habitat of any size, or patches of predominantly
native vegetation at least 150 acres (even if some of the 150 acres lies outside the
project boundary).
c. Habitat flagged for conservation under a regional or state conservation or green
infrastructure plan.
OR
OPTION 3. Sites with Wetlands and Water Bodies
Design the project to conserve 100% of all water bodies, wetlands, land within 100 feet
of water bodies, and land within 50 feet of wetlands on the site. Using a qualified
biologist, conduct an assessment, or compile existing assessments, showing the extent to
which those water bodies and/or wetlands perform the following functions:
1. water quality maintenance,

2. wildlife habitat protection, and
3. hydrologic function maintenance, including flood protection. Assign appropriate
buffers (not less than 100 feet for water bodies and 50 feet for wetlands) based on
the functions provided, contiguous soils and slopes, and contiguous land uses. Do
not disturb wetlands, water bodies, and their buffers, and protect them from
development in perpetuity by donating or selling the land, or a conservation
easement on the land, to an accredited land trust or relevant public agency(a deed
covenant is not sufficient to meet this requirement). Identify and commit to

ongoing management activities, along with parties responsible for management

and funding available, so that habitat is maintained in preproject condition or
better for a minimum of three years after the project is built out. The requirement
for identifying ongoing management activities may also be met by earning SLL
Credit 9, Long-Term Conservation Management of Wetlands and Water Bodies.
The project does not meet the requirements if it has negative effects on habitat for
species identified in Option 2(a).
FOR ALL PROJECTS
The following features are not considered wetlands, water bodies, or buffer land that
must be protected:
a) Previously developed land.
b) Man-made water bodies (such as industrial mining pits, concrete-lined canals, or
stormwater retention ponds) that lack natural edges and floors or native ecological
communities in the water and along the edge
c) Man-made linear wetlands that result from the interruption of natural drainages by
existing rights-of-way.
d) Wetlands that were created incidentally by human activity and have been rated
“poor” for all measured wetland functions. Wetland quality assessment must be
performed by a qualified biologist using a method that is accepted by state or
regional permitting agencies.
SLL Credit 8: Restoration of Habitat or Wetlands and Water Bodies (1 point)

Intent
To restore native plants, wildlife habitat, wetlands, and water bodies that have been
harmed by previous human activities.
Requirements
Using only native plants, restore predevelopment native ecological communities, water
bodies, or wetlands on the project site in an area equal to or greater than 10% of the
development footprint. Work with a qualified biologist to ensure that restored areas will
have the native species assemblages, hydrology, and other habitat characteristics that

likely occurred in predevelopment conditions. Protect such areas from development in

perpetuity by donating or selling the land, or a conservation easement on the land, to an
accredited land trust or relevant public agency (a deed covenant is not sufficient to meet
this requirement). Identify and commit to ongoing management activities, along with
parties responsible for management and funding available, so that restored areas are
maintained for a minimum of three years after the project is built out or the restoration is
completed, whichever is later. The requirement for identifying ongoing management
activities may also be met by earning SLL Credit 9, Long-Term Conservation
Management of Wetlands and Water Bodies. The project does not meet the requirements
if it has negative effects on habitat for species identified in Option 2(a) of SLL Credit 7,
Site Design for Habitat or Wetland and Water Body Conservation.
SLL Credit 9: Long-Term Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands and

Water Bodies (1 point)
Intent
To conserve native plants, wildlife habitat, wetlands, and water bodies.
Requirements
Create and commit to implementing a long-term (at least ten-year) management plan for
new or existing onsite native habitats, water bodies, and/or wetlands and their buffers,
and create a guaranteed funding source for management. Involve a qualified biologist or a
professional from a natural resources agency or natural resources consulting firm in
writing the management plan and conducting or evaluating the ongoing management. The
plan must include biological objectives consistent with habitat and/or water resource
conservation, and it must identify
(1) procedures, including personnel to carry them out, for maintaining the
conservation areas;
(2) estimated implementation costs and funding sources; and
(3) Threats that the project poses for habitat and/or water resources within
conservation areas (e.g., introduction of exotic species, intrusion of residents in
habitat areas) and measures to substantially reduce those threats. The project does
not meet the requirements if it has negative effects on habitat for species identified

in Option 2(a) of SLL Credit 7, Site Design for Habitat or Wetland and Water
Body Conservation.
4. 5.2 | Neighborhood Pattern & design
NP D Prerequisite 1: Walkable Streets (Required)

Intent
To promote transportation efficiency, including reduced vehicle miles traveled (VMT).
To promote walking by providing safe, appealing, and comfortable street environments
that support public health by reducing pedestrian injuries and encouraging daily physical
activity.
Requirements
Design and build the project to achieve all of the following:
a) For 90% of new building frontage, a principal functional entry on the front façade
faces a public space, such as a street, square, park, paseo, or plaza, but not a
parking lot, and is connected to sidewalks or equivalent provisions for walking.
The square, park, or plaza must be at least 50 feet wide at a point perpendicular to
each entry.
b) At least 15% of existing and new street frontage within and bordering the project
has a minimum building height-to-street-width ratio of 1:3 (i.e., a minimum of 1
foot of building height for every 3 feet of street width).
• Nonmotorized rights-of-way may be counted toward the 15% requirement, but
100% of such spaces must have a minimum building-height-to-street-width ratio
of 1:1.
• Projects with bordering street frontage must meet only their proportional share of
the height-to-width ratio (i.e., only on the project side of the street).
• Street frontage is measured in linear feet.
• Building height is measured to eaves or the top of the roof for a flat-roof structure,
and street width is measured façade to façade. For block frontages with multiple
heights and/or widths, use average heights or widths weighted by each segment’s
linear share of the total block distance.
• Alleys and driveways are excluded.

c) Continuous sidewalks or equivalent all-weather provisions for walking are

provided along both sides of 90% of streets or frontage within the project,
including the project side of streets bordering the project. New sidewalks, whether
adjacent to streets or not, must be at least 8 feet wide on retail or mixed-use blocks
and at least 4 feet wide on all other blocks. Equivalent provisions for walking
include woonerfs and allweather- surface footpaths. Alleys, driveways, and
reconstructed existing sidewalks are excluded from these calculations.
d) No more than 20% of the street frontages within the project are faced directly by
garage and service bay openings.
Projects in a designated historic district subject to review by a local historic preservation
entity are exempt from (b), (c), and (d) if approval for compliance is not granted by the
review body. Projects in historic districts listed in or eligible for listing in a state register
or the National Register of Historic Places that are subject to review by a state historic
preservation office or the National Park Service are exempt from (b), (c), and (d) if
approval for compliance is not granted.
NPD Prerequisite 2: Compact Development (Required)

Intent
To conserve land. To promote livability, walkability, and transportation efficiency,
including reduced vehicle miles traveled (VMT). To leverage and support transit
investments. To reduce public health risks by encouraging daily physical activity
associated with walking and bicycling.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Projects in Transit Corridors
For projects with existing and/or planned transit service (i.e., service with the funding
commitments specified in SLL Prerequisite 1, Smart Location) that meets or exceeds the
2-point threshold in SLL Credit 3, Locations with Reduced Automobile Dependence,
Option 1, build at the following densities, based on the walk distances to the transit
service specified in SLL Credit 3:
a. For residential components located within the walk distances: 12 or more dwelling
units per acre of buildable land available for residential uses.

b. For residential components falling outside the walk distances: 7 or more dwelling
units per acre of buildable land available for residential uses.
c. For nonresidential components located within the walk distances: 0.80 floor-area
ratio (FAR) or greater of buildable land available for nonresidential uses.
d. or nonresidential components falling outside the walk distances: 0.50 FAR or
greater of buildable land available for nonresidential uses.
If the project location is served by a transit agency that has specified guidelines for
minimum service densities that are greater than the densities required by this prerequisite,
the project must achieve those service densities instead.
OR
OPTION 2. All Other Projects Build any residential components of the project at a
density of 7 dwelling units per acre of buildable land available for residential uses.
AND
Build any nonresidential components of the project at a density of 0.50 FAR or greater of
buildable land available for nonresidential uses.
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Density calculations include all planned and existing buildings within the project
boundary, excluding those portions of parking structures devoted exclusively to parking.
The specified density must be achieved within five years of the date that the first building
of any type is occupied. If one component of the project, residential or nonresidential,
meets the minimum density requirement but the other component does not, include only
the qualifying density. Use that component’s dwelling units or nonresidential floor area
in the numerator and the total buildable land area in the denominator. If the resulting
density meets the minimum requirement, the prerequisite is achieved.
NPD Prerequisite 3: Connected and Open Community (Required)

Intent
To promote projects that have high levels of internal connectivity and are well connected
to the community at large. To encourage development within existing communities that
promote transportation efficiency through multimodal transportation. To improve public
health by encouraging daily physical activity.

Requirements
OPTION 1. Projects with Internal Streets
Design and build the project such that its internal connectivity is at least 140 intersections
per square mile. All streets and sidewalks that are counted toward the connectivity
requirement must be available for general public use and not gated. Gated areas are not
considered available for public use, with the exception of education and health care
campuses and military bases where gates are used for security purposes.
AND
Design and build the project with at least one through-street and/or nonmotorized right-
of-way intersecting or terminating at the project boundary at least every 800 feet, or at
existing abutting street intervals and intersections, whichever is the shorter distance.
Nonmotorized rights-of-way may count for no more than 20% of the total. This does not
apply to portions of the boundary where connections cannot be made because of physical
obstacles, such as prior platting of property, construction of existing buildings or other
barriers, slopes over 15%, wetlands and water bodies, railroad and utility rights-of-way,
existing limited-access motor vehicle rights-of-way, and parks and dedicated open space.
Fig 4.5: Project site design with 140 eligible intersections per square mile on street that are
not gated
OR

OPTION 2. Projects without Internal Streets

Locate the project such that the connectivity of the existing streets within 1/4 mile of the
project boundary is at least 90 intersections per square mile. All streets and sidewalks that
are counted toward the connectivity requirement must be available for general public use
and not gated. Gated areas are not considered available for public use, with the exception
of education and health care campuses and military bases where gates are used for
security purposes.
Fig 4.6: Project site with at least 90 eligible intersections per square mile 1/4mile of project
boundary
NP D Credit 1: Walkable Streets (1–12 points)

Intent
To promote transportation efficiency, including reduced vehicle miles traveled (VMT).
To promote walking by providing safe, appealing, and comfortable street environments

that support public health by reducing pedestrian injuries and encouraging daily physical
activity.
Requirements
A project may earn a maximum of 12 points according to the schedule in Table 4.10:
Table 4.10: Points for walk able street features
NPD Credit 2: Compact Development (1–6 points)

Intent
To encourage development in existing areas to conserve land and protect farmland and
wildlife habitat. To promote livability, walkability, and transportation efficiency,
including reduced vehicle miles travelled (VMT). To improve public health encouraging
daily physical activity associated with alternative modes of transportation and compact
development.
Requirements
Design and build the project such that residential and non residential components achieve
the densities per acre of buildable land listed in Table 4.11 (excluding those portions of
parking structures devoted to parking).
Table 4.11: Points for density per acre of buildable land

The specified densities must be achieved within five years of the date that the first
building of any type is occupied.
The scoring of a mixed-use project is calculated with a weighted average, according to
the following steps.
1. Determine the total square footage of all residential and nonresidential uses.
2. Calculate the percentage residential and percentage nonresidential of the total
square footage.
3. Determine the density of each component as measured in dwelling units per acre
and floor-area ratio, respectively.
4. Referring to Table 1, find the appropriate points for the densities of the residential
and nonresidential components.
5. If the points are different, multiply the point value of the residential component by
its percentage of the total square footage and multiply the point value of the
nonresidential component by its percentage.
6. Add the two scores.
NPD Credit 3: Mixed-Use Neighborhood Centers (1–4 points)

Intent
To cluster diverse land uses in accessible neighborhood and regional centers to encourage
daily walking, biking, and transit use, reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and
automobile dependence, and support car-free living.
Requirements
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Locate and/or design the project such that 50% of its dwelling units are within a 1/4-mile
walk distance of the number of diverse uses (see Appendix) in Table 1, including at least
one use from each of the four categories. For projects with no dwellings, 50% of dwelling
units within 1/4 mile of the project boundary must be within a 1/4-mile walk distance of
the number of diverse uses specified in Table 1, including at least one food retail store
and at least one establishment from each of two other categories. Establishments may be
inside or outside the project and may be existing or planned diverse uses.

The specified number of diverse uses must be in place by the time of occupancy
according to the percentages indicated in Table 4.12 (exclusive of portions of parking
structures devoted to parking):
Table 4.12: Points for Diverse Use within ¼ mile walk distance, by time of occupancy.
Per neighborhood center, the following restrictions apply:

a) A single establishment may not be counted in two categories (e.g., a place of
worship may be counted only once even if it also contains a daycare facility, and a
retail store may be counted only once even if it sells products in several
categories).
b) Establishments in a mixed-use building may each count if they are distinctly
operated enterprises with separate exterior entrances, but no more than half of the
minimum number of diverse uses can be situated in a single building or under a
common roof.
c) Only two establishments in a single category may be counted (e.g., if five
restaurants are within the required distance, only two may be counted).
FOR PROJECTS 40 ACRES OR GREATER

Cluster diverse uses into neighborhood centers as follows:
Table 4.13: Points for Clustering of Diverse Uses.
Within each neighborhood center, the principal entries of the establishments must be
within a 300-foot walk distance from a single common point that represents the center of
the cluster (1 or 2 points) or within a 400-foot walk distance (3 or 4 points).

Also, projects with multiple centers must determine points earned based on the number of
uses in the centers weighted by the percentage of total dwelling units within a 1/4-mile
walk distance from each center’s common point.
AND
FOR PROJECTS WITH REGIONAL-SERVING RETAIL OF 150,000 OR MORE
SQUARE FEET
Projects with retail uses totaling 150,000 or more square feet, if they have at least one
retail establishment totalling 75,000 or more square feet, must also earn a minimum of 1
point under SLL Credit 3, Reduced Automobile Dependence, Option 1, Transit-Served
Location (planned transit service can be counted), and for every additional 50,000 square
feet of retail above 150,000 square feet, must earn 1 additional point under SLL Credit 3.
If transit service is planned but not yet operational, the project must demonstrate one of
the following:
a) The relevant transit agency has a signed full funding grant agreement with the
Federal Transit Administration that includes a revenue operations date for the start
of transit service. The revenue operations date must be no later than the occupancy
date of 50% of the project’s total building square footage.
b) For bus, streetcar, bus rapid transit, or ferry service, the transit agency must
certify that it has an approved budget that includes specifically allocated funds
sufficient to provide the planned service at the levels listed above and that service
at these levels will commence no later than occupancy of 50% of the project’s
total building square footage.
c) For rail service other than streetcars, the transit agency must certify that
preliminary engineering for a rail line has commenced. In addition, the service
must meet either of these two requirements:
a. A state legislature or local subdivision of the state has authorized the transit
agency to expend funds to establish rail transit service that will commence
no later than occupancy of 50% of the project’s total building square
footage.
OR

b. A municipality has dedicated funding or reimbursement commitments from

future tax revenue for the development of stations, platforms, or other rail
transit infrastructure that will service the project no later than occupancy of
50% of the project’s total building square footage.
NPD Credit 4: Mixed-Income Diverse Communities (1–7 points)

Intent
To promote socially equitable and engaging communities by enabling residents from a
wide range of economic levels, household sizes, and age groups to live in a community.
Requirements
Meet the requirements of one or more options below.
OPTION 1 : Diversity of Housing Types Include a sufficient variety of housing sizes and
types in the project such that the total variety of planned and existing housing within the
project achieves a Simpson Diversity Index score greater than 0.5, using the housing
categories below. Projects of less than 125 acres may calculate the Simpson Diversity
Index for the area within 1/4 mile of the project’s geographic center. The Simpson
Diversity Index calculates the probability that any two randomly selected dwelling units
in a project will be of a different type.
Score = 1- ∑ (n/N) 2.
where n = the total number of dwelling units in a single category, and N = the total
number of dwelling units in all categories.
Housing categories are defined according to the dwelling unit’s net square footage,
exclusive of any garage, as listed in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14: Housing categories.
For the purposes of this credit, townhouse and live-work units may have individual
ground-level entrances and/ or be within a multiunit or mixed-use building. Double
counting is prohibited; each dwelling may be classified in only one category. The number
of stories in a building is inclusive of the ground floor regardless of its use.
AND/OR
OPTION 2. Affordable Housing
Include a proportion of new rental and/or for-sale dwelling units priced for households
earning below the area median income (AMI). Rental units must be maintained at
affordable levels for a minimum of 15 years. Existing dwelling units are exempt from
requirement calculations. A maximum of 3 points may be earned by meeting any
combination of thresholds in Table 4.15.

Table 4.15: Points for affordable housing.
AND/OR
OPTION 3. Mixed-Income Diverse Communities
A project may earn 1 additional point by earning at least 2 points in Option 1 and at least
2 points in Option 2 (at least one of which must be for providing housing at or below
100% AMI).
NPD Credit 5: Reduced Parking Footprint (1 point)

Intent
To design parking to increase the pedestrian orientation of projects and minimize the
adverse environmental effects of parking facilities. To reduce public health risks by
encouraging daily physical activity associated with walking and bicycling.
Requirements
For new nonresidential buildings and multiunit residential buildings, either do not build
new off-street parking lots, or locate all new off-street surface parking lots at the side or
rear of buildings, leaving building frontages facing streets free of surface parking lots.
AND
Use no more than 20% of the total development footprint area for all new off-street
surface parking facilities, with no individual surface parking lot larger than 2 acres. For
the purposes of this credit, surface parking facilities include ground-level garages unless
they are under habitable building space. Underground or multistory parking facilities can
be used to provide additional capacity, and on-street parking spaces are exempt from this
limitation.
AND

Provide bicycle parking and storage capacity to new buildings as follows:

a) Multiunit residential. Provide at least one secure, enclosed bicycle storage space
per occupant for 30% of the planned occupancy but no fewer than one per unit.
Provide secure visitor bicycle racks on-site, with at least one bicycle space per ten
dwelling units but no fewer than four spaces per project site.
b) Retail. Provide at least one secure, enclosed bicycle storage space per new retail
worker for 10% of retail worker planned occupancy. Provide visitor or customer
bicycle racks on-site, with at least one bicycle space per 5,000 square feet of retail
space, but no fewer than one bicycle space per business or four bicycle spaces per
project site, whichever is greater. Provide at least one on-site shower with
changing facility for any development with 100 or more new workers and at least
one additional on-site shower with changing facility for every 150 new workers
thereafter.
c) Non residential other than retail. Provide at least one secure, enclosed bicycle
storage space per new occupant for 10% of planned occupancy. Provide visitor
bicycle racks on-site with at least one bicycle space per 10,000 square feet of new
commercial nonretail space but not fewer than four bicycle spaces per building.
Provide at least one on-site shower with changing facility for any development
with 100 or more new workers and at least one additional on-site shower with
changing facility for every 150 new workers thereafter. Secure, enclosed bicycle
storage areas must be locked and easily accessible to residents and/or workers.
Provide informational signage on using the storage facilities.
Visitors’ and customers’ bicycle racks must be clearly visible from a main entry, located
within 100 feet of the door, served with night lighting, and protected from damage from
nearby vehicles. If the building has multiple main entries, bicycle racks must be
proportionally dispersed within 100 feet of each.
Shower and changing facility requirements may be met by providing the equivalent of
free access to on-site health club shower facilities, if the health club can be accessed
without going outside. Provide informational signage on using the shower facilities.
AND

Provide carpool and/or shared-use vehicle parking spaces equivalent to 10% of the total
automobile parking for each nonresidential and mixed-use building on the site. Signage
indicating such parking spots must be provided, and the parking spots must be within 200
feet of entrances to the buildings served.
NPD Credit 6: Street Network (1–2 points)

Intent
To promote projects that have high levels of internal connectivity and are well connected
to the community at large. To encourage development within existing communities,
thereby conserving land and promoting multimodal transportation. To improve public
health by encouraging daily physical activity and reducing the negative effects of motor
vehicle emissions.
Requirements
Design and/or locate the project such that a through-street and/or nonmotorized
right‑of‑way intersects or terminates at the project boundary at least every 400 feet or at
existing abutting street intervals and intersections, whichever is the shorter distance.
Include a pedestrian or bicycle through-connection in at least 90% of any new culs-de-
sac. This does not apply to portions of the boundary where connections cannot be made
because of physical obstacles, such as prior platting of property, construction of existing
buildings or other barriers, slopes over 15%, wetlands and water bodies, railroad and
utility rights-of-way, existing limited-access motor vehicle rights-of-way, and parks and
dedicated open space.
Fig 4.7: Project site with right- of-way intersects on project boundary at least every 400 feet.

AND
Locate and/or design the project such that its internal connectivity and/or the connectivity
within a 1/4-mile distance of the project boundary falls within one of the ranges listed in
Table 4.16
Table 4.16: Points for connectivity
All streets and sidewalks that are counted toward the connectivity requirement must be
available for general public use and not gated. Gated areas are not considered available
for public use, with the exception of education and health care campuses, and military
bases where gates are used for security purposes.
NPD Credit 7: Transit Facilities (1 point)

Intent
To encourage transit use and reduce driving by providing safe, convenient, and
comfortable transit waiting areas and safe and secure bicycle storage facilities for transit
users.
Requirements
Work with the transit agency or agencies serving the project to identify transit stop
locations within and/or bordering the project boundary where transit agency-approved
shelters and any other agency-required improvements, including bicycle racks, will be
installed no later than construction of 50% of total project square footage. At those
locations, install approved shelters and any required improvements, or provide funding to
the transit agency for their installation. Shelters must be covered, be at least partially
enclosed to buffer wind and rain, and have seating and illumination. Any required bicycle
racks must have a two-point support system for locking the frame and wheels and be
securely affixed to the ground or a building.
AND

Work with the transit agency or agencies serving the project to identify locations within
and bordering the project boundary where the agency determines that transit stops will be
warranted within two years of project completion, either because of increased ridership
on existing service resulting from the project or because of planned future transit. At
those locations, reserve space for transit shelters and any required improvements,
including bicycle racks. In lieu of or in addition to new stops, this requirement can be
satisfied with a commitment from the transit agency to provide increased service to the
transit stops that will have been installed at the time of 50% build-out.
AND
Work with the transit agency or agencies serving the project to provide kiosks, bulletin
boards, and/or signs that display transit schedules and route information at each public
transit stop within and bordering the project.
NPD Credit 8: Transportation Demand Management (1–2 points)

Intent
To reduce energy consumption, pollution from motor vehicles, and adverse public health
effects by encouraging multimodal travel.
Requirements
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Earn one point for every two options achieved below, for a maximum of two points. For
the purposes of this credit, existing buildings and their occupants are exempt from the
requirements.
OPTION 1. TDM Program
Create and implement a comprehensive transportation demand management (TDM)
program for the project that reduces weekday peak-period motor vehicle trips by at least
20% compared with a baseline case, and fund the program for a minimum of three years
following build-out of the project. The TDM program must be prepared by a qualified
transportation professional. Any trip reduction effects of Options 2, 3, 4, or 5 may not be
included in calculating the 20% threshold.
OR
OPTION 2. Transit Passes

Provide transit passes valid for at least one year, subsidized to be half of regular price or
cheaper, to each occupant locating within the project during the first three years of
project occupancy (or longer). Publicize the availability of subsidized transit passes are
available to project occupants;
OR
OPTION 3. Developer-Sponsored Transit
Provide year-round, developer-sponsored private transit service (with vans, shuttles,
buses) from at least one central point in the project to other major transit facilities, and/or
other destinations such as a retail or employment center, with service no less frequent
than 45 daily weekday trips and 30 daily weekend trips. The service must begin by the
time the project total square footage is 20% occupied and must be guaranteed for at least
three years beyond project build-out. Twenty percent occupancy is defined as residents
living in 20% of the dwelling units and/or employees working in 20% of the total
nonresidential square footage. Provide transit stop shelters and bicycle racks adequate to
meet projected demand but no less than one shelter and one bicycle rack at each transit
stop. Shelters must be covered, be at least partially enclosed to buffer wind and rain, and
have seating and illumination. Bicycle racks must have a two-point support system for
locking the frame and wheels and must be securely affixed to the ground or a building.
OR
OPTION 4. Vehicle Sharing
Locate the project such that 50% of the dwelling units and nonresidential building
entrances are within a 1/4 mile walk distance of at least one vehicle in a vehicle-sharing
program. For each vehicle, dedicate one parking space accessible to vehicle-sharing
members. Through signage and other means, publicize to project occupants the
availability and benefits of the vehicle-sharing program. If the project has more than 100
dwelling units and/ or employees and has a minimum transit service of 60 daily weekday
trips and 40 daily weekend trips, at least one additional vehicle and parking space for
every 100 dwelling units and/or employees must be available. If the project has more
than 100 dwelling units and/or employees but does not have transit service at the
frequencies specified above, at least one additional vehicle and parking space for every
200 dwelling units and/or employees must be available. Where new vehicle locations are

created, a vehicle sharing program must begin by the time the project total square footage
is 20% occupied; commit to providing vehicles to the locations for at least two years.
Twenty percent occupancy is defined as residents living in 20% of the project dwelling
units and/or employees working in 20% of the total nonresidential square footage of the
project.
OR
OPTION 5. Unbundling of Parking
For 90% of multiunit residential units and/or nonresidential square footage, the
associated parking spaces are sold or rented separately from the dwelling units and/or
nonresidential square footage.
NPD Credit 9: Access to Civic and Public Space (1 point)

Intent
To improve physical and mental health and social capital by providing a variety of open
spaces close to work and home to facilitate social networking, civic engagement, physical
activity, and time spent outdoors.
Requirements
Locate and/or design the project such that a civic or passive-use space, such as a square,
park, paseo, or plaza, at least 1/6 acre in area lies within a 1/4-mile walk distance of 90%
of planned and existing dwelling units and nonresidential building entrances. Spaces less
than 1 acre must have a proportion no narrower than 1 unit of width to 4 units of length.
AND
For projects larger than 7 acres, locate and/or design the project such that the median size
of civic or passive-use spaces within and/or contiguous to the project is at least 1/2 acre.
NPD Credit 10: Access to Recreation Facilities (1 point)

Intent
To improve physical and mental health and social capital by providing a variety of
recreational facilities close to work and home to facilitate physical activity and social
networking.

Requirements
Locate and/or design the project so that a publicly accessible outdoor recreation facility
at least 1 acre in area, or a publicly accessible indoor recreational facility of at least
25,000 square feet, lies within a 1/2-mile walk distance of 90% of new and existing
dwelling units and nonresidential building entrances. Outdoor recreation facilities must
consist of physical improvements and may include “tot lots,” swimming pools, and sports
fields, such as baseball diamonds.
NPD Credit 11: Visit ability and Universal Design (1 point)

Intent
To enable the widest spectrum of people, regardless of age or ability, to more easily
participate in community life by increasing the proportion of areas usable by people of
diverse abilities.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Projects with Dwelling Units
For each new project dwelling unit of the following residential building types, design to
the applicable requirements specified:
Single dwelling unit buildings. Design a minimum of 20% of the dwelling units (and
not less than one) in accordance with ICC/ANSI A117.1, Type C, Visitable Unit, each of
which has an open-space plan for primary functions (an area for cooking, eating, and
social gathering), as well as a sleeping area and a full bathroom.
Multiunit building with two or three dwelling units. Design a minimum of 20% of the
dwelling units (and not less than one) in accordance with ICC/ANSI A117.1, Type C,
Visitable Unit, each of which has a kitchen, dining area, living area, full bathroom, and
bedroom on the accessible level. If a project has both attached and detached single
dwelling unit buildings, the requirements apply to each type separately. Similarly, if a
project has both 2- and 3- dwelling unit buildings, the requirements apply to each type.
Multiunit buildings with four or more dwelling units. This category includes mixed-
use buildings with dwelling units. Design a minimum of 20% of the dwelling units (and
not less than one) to incorporate the universal design requirements stated below, or

comply with Option 2. Choose at least one of the following three strategies for universal
design:
a. Throughout the home, include at least five of the following universal design
features to facilitate universal function, access, and user ability:
• Easy-to-grip lever door handles.
• Easy-to-grip cabinet and drawer loop handles.
• Easy-to-grip locking mechanisms on doors and windows.
• Easy-to-grip single-lever faucet handles.
• Easy-touch rocker or hands-free switches.
• Motion-detector lighting at entrance, in hallways and stairwells, and in
closets, and motion-detector light switches in garages, utility spaces, and
basements.
• Large, high-contrast print for controls, signals, and the house or unit
numbers.
• A built-in shelf, bench, or table with knee space below, located outside the
entry door with weather protection overhead, such as porch or stoop with
roof, awning, or other overhead covering.
• A minimum 32-inch clear door opening width for all doorways.
• Tread at the entrance, on stairs, and other areas where slipping is common,
with color contrast difference between stair treads and risers.
• Interior floor surfaces (e.g., low-pile carpets, hard-surface flooring) that
provide easy passage for a wheelchair or walker, with color contrast
between floor surfaces and trim. No carpet is permitted in a kitchen,
bathroom, or other wet areas of the dwelling unit.OR
b. On the main floor of the home (or on another floor, if an elevator or stair lift is
provided), provide a kitchen with hard-surface flooring, plumbing with single-
lever controls, a 5-foot turning radius, and at least four of the following universal
design features to facilitate universal function, access, and user-ability:
• Variable-height (28- to 42-inch) or adjustable work surfaces, such as
countertops, sinks, and/or cooktops.

• Clear knee space under sink and cooktops (this requirement can be met by
installing removable base cabinets or fold-back or self-storing doors),
cooktops and ranges with front or side-mounted controls, and wall-mounted
ovens at a height to accommodate a seated adult.
• A toe kick area at the base of lower cabinets with a minimum height of 9
inches, and full-extension drawers and shelves in at least half (by volume)
of the cabinets.
• Contrasting color treatment between countertops, front edges, and floor.
• Adjustable-height shelves in wall cabinets.
• Glare-free task lighting to illuminate work areas without too much
reflectivity.OR
c. On the main floor of the building (or on another floor, if an elevator or stair lift is
provided), include all of the following: In at least one accessible bedroom,
• Size the room to accommodate a twin bed with a 5-foot turning radius
around the bed.
• Install a clothes closet with a 32-inch clear opening with adjustable-height
closet rods and shelves.
• In at least one full bathroom on the same floor as the bedroom,
• Provide adequate maneuvering space with a 30-by-48-inch clear floor space
at each fixture.
• Center the toilet 18 inches from any side wall, cabinet, or tub, and allow a
3-foot clear space in front.
• Install broad blocking in walls around toilet, tub, and/or shower for future
placement and relocation of grab bars
• Provide knee space under the lavatory (this requirement may be met by
installing removable base cabinets or fold-back or self-storing doors).
• Install a long mirror whose bottom is no more than 36 inches above the
finished floor and whose top is at least 72 inches high.
• In addition, all bathrooms must have hard-surface flooring, all plumbing
fixtures must have single-lever controls, and tubs or showers must have
hand-held shower heads.

OR
OPTION 2. Projects with Noncompliant Public Rights-of-Way or Accessible Travel
Routes
For projects with only nonresidential components, or residential components that are not
within the scope of Option 1, but have public rights-of-way or other publicly accessible
travel routes within the project that are not in compliance with Americans with
Disabilities Act (for private sector and local and state government facilities) or the
Architectural Barriers Act (for federally funded facilities), design, construct, and/or
retrofit 100% of the rights-of-way and/or travel routes in accordance with the ADA-ABA
Accessibility Guidelines, as applicable.
NPD Credit 12: Community Outreach and Involvement (1–2 points)

Intent
To encourage responsiveness to community needs by involving the people who live or
work in the community in project design and planning and in decisions about how it
should be improved or how it should change over time.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Community Outreach (1 point)
Meet with adjacent property owners, residents, business owners, and workers; local
planning and community development officials; and any current residents or workers at
the project site to solicit and document their input on the proposed project prior to
commencing a design.
AND
Work directly with community associations and/or the local government to advertise an
open community meeting, other than an official public hearing, to generate comments on
project design from the beginning.
AND
Host an open community meeting, other than an official public hearing, to solicit and
document public input on the proposed project at the beginning of project design.
AND

Modify the project’s conceptual design as a direct result of community input, or if

modifications are not made, explain why community input did not generate design
modifications.
AND
Establish ongoing means for communication between the developer and the community
throughout the design and construction phases and, in cases where the developer
maintains any control during the post construction phase.
OR
OPTION 2. Charrette (2 points)
Comply with Option 1 and conduct a design charrette or interactive workshop of at least
two days and open to the public that includes, at a minimum, participation by a
representative group of nearby property owners, residents, business owners, and workers
in the preparation of conceptual project plans and drawings.
OR
OPTION 3. Local Endorsement Pursuant to Evaluation Program (2 points)
Comply with Option 1 and obtain an endorsement from an ongoing local or regional
nongovernmental program that systematically reviews and endorses smart growth
development projects under a rating and/or jury system.
NPD Credit 13: Local Food Production (1 point)

Intent
To promote community-based food production, improve nutrition through increased
access to fresh produce, support preservation of small farms producing a wide variety of
crops, reduce the negative environmental effects of large-scale industrialized agriculture,
and support local economic development that increases the economic value and
production of farmlands and community gardens.
Requirements
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Establish covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&R) or other forms of deed
restrictions that do not prohibit the growing of produce in project areas, including
greenhouses, any portion of residential front, rear, or side yards; or balconies, patios, or

rooftops. Greenhouses but not gardens may be prohibited in front yards that face the
street.
AND
OPTION 1. Neighborhood Farms and Gardens
Dedicate permanent and viable growing space and/or related facilities (such as
greenhouses) within the project according to the square footage areas specified in Table 1
(exclusive of existing dwellings). Provide solar access, fencing, watering systems, garden
bed enhancements (such as raised beds), secure storage space for tools, and pedestrian
access for these spaces. Ensure that the spaces are owned and managed by an entity that
includes occupants of the project in its decision making, such as a community group,
homeowners’ association, or public body.
Table 4.17: Minimum garden space, by project density
Established community gardens outside the project boundary but within a 1/2 mile walk
distance of the project’s geographic center can satisfy this option if the garden otherwise
meets all of the option requirements.
OR
OPTION 2. Community-Supported Agriculture
Purchase shares in a community-supported agriculture (CSA) program located within 150
miles of the project site for at least 80% of dwelling units within the project (exclusive of
existing dwelling units) for two years, beginning with each dwelling unit’s occupancy
until the 80% threshold is reached. Shares must be delivered to a point within 1/2 mile of

the project’s geographic center on a regular schedule not less than twice per month at
least four months of the year.
OR
OPTION 3. Proximity To Farmers’ Market
Locate the project’s geographic center within a 1/2-mile walk distance of an existing or
planned farmers’ market that is open or will operate at least once weekly for at least five
months annually. Farmers’ market vendors may sell only items grown within 150 miles
of the project site. A planned farmers’ market must have firm commitments from farmers
and vendors that the market will meet all the above requirements and be in full operation
by the time of 50% occupancy of the project’s total square footage.
NPD Credit 14: Tree-Lined and Shaded Streets (1–2 points)

Intent
To encourage walking, bicycling, and transit use and discourage excessive motoring
speeds. To reduce urban heat island effects, improve air quality, increase
evapotranspiration, and reduce cooling loads in buildings.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Tree-Lined Streets (1 point)
Design and build the project to provide street trees on both sides of at least 60% of new
and existing streets within the project and on the project side of bordering streets,
between the vehicle travel way and walkway, at intervals averaging no more than 40 feet
(excluding driveways and utility vaults).
AND/OR
OPTION 2. Shaded Streets (1 point)
Trees or other structures provide shade over at least 40% of the length of sidewalks on
streets within or contiguous to the project. Trees must provide shade within ten years of
landscape installation. Use the estimated crown diameter (the width of the shade if the
sun is directly above the tree) to calculate the shaded area.
AND
FOR ALL PROJECTS INVOLVING STREET TREE PLANTINGS

Obtain a registered landscape architect’s determination that planting details are

appropriate to growing healthy trees, taking into account tree species, root medium, and
width and soil volume of planter strips or wells, and that the selected tree species are not
considered invasive in the project context according to USDA or the state agricultural
extension service.
NPD Credit 15: Neighborhood Schools (1 point)

Intent
To promote community interaction and engagement by integrating schools into the
neighborhood. To support students’ health by encouraging walking and bicycling to
school.
Requirements
Include in the project a residential component that constitutes at least 30% of the
project’s total building square footage, and locate or design the project such that at least
50% of the dwelling units are within a 1/2-mile walk distance of an existing or new
elementary or middle school building entrance or within a 1-mile walk distance of an
existing or new high school building entrance. For any new school, the school district or
equivalent organization must commit in a legally binding warrant that the school will be
open by the time of occupancy of 50% of the project dwelling units.
Streets within and/or bordering the project boundary that lead from dwelling units to the
school site must have a complete network of sidewalks on both sides and either bicycle
lanes or traffic control and/or calming measures. If the school is planned as part of the
project, it must be designed such that pedestrians and cyclists can easily reach building
entrances without crossing bus zones, parking entrances, and student drop-off areas.
AND
New school campuses must not exceed the following:
High schools, 15 acres.
Middle schools, 10 acres.
Elementary schools, 5 acres.
Schools combining grade levels from more than one category may use the grade level
with the higher allowable acreage.

Facilities on the school site for which there is a formal joint-use agreement with another
entity, such as athletic facilities, playgrounds, and multipurpose spaces in buildings, may
be deducted from the total site area of the school
4. 5.3 | Green Infrastructure & Building
GIB Prerequisite 1: Certified Green Building (Required)

Intent
To encourage the design, construction, and retrofit of buildings that utilize green building
practices.
Requirements
Design, construct, or retrofit one whole building within the project to be certified through
LEED for New Construction, LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance,
LEED for Homes, LEED for Schools, LEED for Retail: New Construction, or LEED for
Core and Shell (with at least 75% of the floor area certified under LEED for Commercial
Interiors or LEED for Retail: Commercial Interiors), or through a green building rating
system requiring review by independent, impartial, third-party certifying bodies as
defined by ISO/IEC 17021.
GIB Prerequisite 2: Minimum Building Energy Efficiency (Required)

Intent
To encourage the design and construction of energy-efficient buildings that reduce air,
water, and land pollution and adverse environmental effects from energy production and
consumption.
Requirements
The following requirement applies to 90% of the building floor area (rounded up to the
next whole building) of all nonresidential buildings, mixed-use buildings, and multiunit
residential buildings four stories or more constructed as part of the project or undergoing
major renovations as part of the project. New buildings must demonstrate an average
10% improvement over ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007 (with errata but
without addenda). Buildings undergoing major renovations must demonstrate an average
5% improvement over ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007.

Projects must document building energy efficiency using one or a combination of the
following:
a) Produce a LEED-compliant energy model following the methodology outlined in
the LEED rating system appropriate to each building’s scope, including
demonstration by a whole building project computer simulation using the building
performance rating method in Appendix G of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard
90.1–2007. Appendix G requires that the energy analysis done for the building
performance rating method include all energy costs associated with the building
project. Projects in California may use Title 24–2005, Part 6, in place of
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007.
b) Comply with the prescriptive measures of the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design
Guide listed below, appropriate to each building’s scope. Comply with all
applicable criteria as established in the guide for the climate zone in which the
project is located.
a. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings 2004
(office occupancy buildings less than 20,000 square feet).
b. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail Buildings 2006
(retail occupancy buildings less than 20,000 square feet).
c. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouses and Self-
Storage Buildings 2008(warehouse or self-storage occupancy less than
50,000 square feet).
d. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for K–12 School Buildings (K–
12 school occupancy less than 200,000 square feet).
c) For buildings less than 100,000 square feet, comply with the prescriptive measures
identified in the Advanced Buildings™ Core Performance™ Guide developed by
the New Buildings Institute, as follows:
a. Comply with Section 1, Design Process Strategies, and Section 2, Core
Performance Requirements, of the Core Performance Guide.
b. Health care, warehouse and laboratory projects are ineligible for this path.
If method (a) is used for all of the floor area evaluated in this prerequisite, the total
percentage improvement is calculated as a sum of energy costs for each building

compared with a baseline. If any combination of methods (a), (b), and (c) is used, the
total percentage improvement is calculated as a weighted average based on building floor
area. In determining the weighted average, buildings pursuing (a) will be credited at the
percentage value determined by the energy model. Buildings pursuing (b) or (c) will be
credited at 12% better than ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007 for new
buildings and 8% better for existing building renovations.
AND
For new single-family residential buildings and new multiunit residential buildings three
stories or fewer, 90% of the buildings must meet ENERGY STAR or equivalent criteria.
Projects may demonstrate compliance with ENERGY STAR criteria through the
prescriptive requirements of a Builder Option Package, the Home Energy Rating System
(HERS) index, or a combination of the two.
Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE-approved addenda for the purposes of this credit
may do so at their discretion. Addenda must be applied consistently across all LEED
credits.
GIB Prerequisite 3: Minimum Building Water Efficiency (Required)

Intent
To reduce effects on natural water resources and reduce burdens on community water
supply and wastewater systems.
Requirements
For nonresidential buildings, mixed-use buildings, and multifamily residential buildings
four stories or more: Indoor water usage in new buildings and buildings undergoing
major renovations as part of the project must be an average 20% less than in baseline
buildings. The baseline usage is based on the requirements of the Energy Policy Act of
1992 and subsequent rulings by the Department of Energy, the requirements of the
Energy Policy Act of 2005, and the fixture performance standards in the 2006 editions of
the Uniform Plumbing Code or International Plumbing Code as to fixture performance.
Calculations are based on estimated occupant usage and include only the following
fixtures and fixture fittings (as applicable to the project scope): water closets (toilets),
urinals, lavatory faucets, showers, kitchen sink faucets, and prerinse spray valves. The

water efficiency threshold is calculated as a weighted average of water usage for the
buildings constructed as part of the project based on their conditioned square footage.
Projects may also follow the LEED for Multiple Buildings and On- Campus Building
Application Guide alternative calculation methodology to show compliance with this
prerequisite.
Table 4.18: National efficiency baseline
* gpf = gallons per flush; psi = pounds per square inch.

Source: Adapted from information developed and summarized by the U.S. EPA Office of Water.
3 EPAct 1992 standard for toilets applies to both commercial and residential models.
4 Residential shower compartment (stall) in dwelling units: The total allowable flow rate from
all flowing showerheads at any given time, including rain systems, waterfalls, bodysprays,
bodyspas, and jets, shall be limited to the allowable showerhead flow rate as specified above
(2.5-gpm) per shower compartment, where the floor area of the shower compartment is less than
2,500 sq.in. For each increment of 2,500 sq.in. of floor area thereafter or part thereof, an
additional showerhead with total allowable flow rate from all flowing devices equal to or less
than the allowable flow rate as specified above shall be allowed. Exception: Showers that emit
recirculated non-potable water originating from within the shower compartment while operating
are allowed to exceed the maximum as long as the total potable water flow does not exceed the
flow rate as specified above.

The following fixtures, fittings, and appliances are outside the scope of the water use
reduction calculation:
a. Commercial steam cookers.
b. Commercial dishwashers.
c. Automatic commercial ice makers.
d. Commercial (family-sized) clothes washers.
e. Residential clothes washers.
f. Standard and compact residential dishwashers.
AND
stories or fewer, 90% of buildings must use a combination of fixtures that would earn 3
points under LEED for Homes 2008 Credit 3, Indoor Water Use.
GIB Prerequisite 4: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention (Required)

Intent
To reduce pollution from construction activities by controlling soil erosion, waterway
sedimentation, and airborne dust generation.
Requirements
Create and implement an erosion and sedimentation control plan for all new construction
activities associated with the project. The plan must incorporate practices such as
phasing, seeding, grading, mulching, filter socks, stabilized site entrances, preservation of
existing vegetation, and other best management practices (BMPs) to control erosion and
sedimentation in runoff from the entire project site during construction. The plan must list
the BMPs employed and describe how they accomplish the following objectives:
a) Prevent loss of soil during construction by storm water runoff and/or wind erosion,
including but not limited to stockpiling of topsoil for reuse.
b) Prevent sedimentation of any affected storm water conveyance systems or
receiving streams.
c) Prevent polluting the air with dust and particulate matter.
The erosion and sedimentation control plan must describe how the project team will do
the following:

a. Preserve vegetation and mark clearing limits.

b. Establish and delineate construction access.
c. Control flow rates.
d. Install sediment controls.
e. Stabilize soils.
f. Protect slopes.
g. Protect drain inlets.
h. Stabilize channels and outlets.
i. Control pollutants.
j. Control dewatering.
k. Maintain the BMPs.
l. Manage the erosion and sedimentation control plan.
The BMPs must be selected from the Washington State Department of Ecology’s
Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Volume II, Construction
Stormwater Pollution Prevention (2005 edition), or a locally approved equivalent,
whichever is more stringent, and must comply with all federal, state, and local erosion
and sedimentation control regulations.
GIB Credit 1: Certified Green Buildings (1–5 points)

Intent
To encourage the design, construction, and retrofit of buildings that utilize green building
practices.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Projects with 10 or Fewer Habitable Buildings
Design, construct, or retrofit one building as part of the project, beyond the prerequisite,
to be certified under one of the following LEED green building rating systems: LEED for
New Construction, LEED for Existing Buildings, LEED for Homes, LEED for Schools,
LEED for Retail: New Construction, or LEED for Core & Shell (with at least 75% of the
floor area certified under LEED for Commercial Interiors or LEED for Retail:
Commercial Interiors) or through a green building rating system requiring review by
independent, impartial, third-party certifying bodies as defined by ISO/IEC 17021.

Additional points (up to 5) may be earned for each additional certified building that is
part of the project.
OR
OPTION 2. Projects of All Sizes
Design, construct, or retrofit a percentage of the total project building square footage,
beyond the prerequisite requirement, to be certified under one of the LEED green
building rating systems listed above or through a green building rating system requiring
review by independent, impartial, third-party certifying bodies as defined by ISO/IEC
17021.
Table 4.19: Points for building certification
AND
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Detached accessory dwelling units must be counted as separate buildings. Accessory
dwellings attached to a main building are not counted separately.
GIB Credit 2: Building Energy Efficiency (2 points)

Intent
To encourage the design and construction of energy-efficient buildings that reduce air,
water, and land pollution and adverse environmental effects from energy production and
consumption.

Requirements
The following requirement applies to 90% of the building floor area (rounded up to the
next whole building) of all nonresidential buildings, mixed-use buildings, and multiunit
residential buildings four stories or more constructed as part of the project or undergoing
major renovations as part of the project. New buildings must demonstrate an average
18% (1 point) or 26% (2 points) improvement over ANSI/ASHRAE/ IESNA Standard
90.1–2007 (with errata but without addenda). Buildings undergoing major renovations as
part of the project must demonstrate an average 14% (1 point) or 22% (2 points)
improvement over ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007.
Projects must document building energy efficiency using one or a combination of the
following:
a) Produce a LEED-compliant energy model following the methodology outlined in
the LEED rating system appropriate to each building’s scope, including
demonstration by a whole building project computer simulation using the building
performance rating method in Appendix G of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard
90.1–2007. Appendix G requires that the energy analysis done for the building
performance rating method include all energy costs associated with the building
project. Projects in California may use Title 24–2005, Part 6, in place of
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007.
b) Comply with the prescriptive measures of the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design
Guide listed below, appropriate to each building’s scope. Comply with all
applicable criteria as established in the guide for the climate zone in which the
project is located.
a. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings 2004
(office occupancy buildings less than 20,000 square feet).
b. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail Buildings 2006
(retail occupancy buildings less than 20,000 square feet).
c. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouses and Self-
Storage Buildings 2008 (warehouse or self-storage occupancy less than
50,000 square feet).

d. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for K–12 School Buildings (K–
12 school occupancy less than 200,000 square feet).
c) For buildings less than 100,000 square feet, comply with the prescriptive measures
identified in the Advanced Buildings™ Core Performance™ Guide developed by
the New Buildings Institute, as follows:
a. Comply with Section 1, Design Process Strategies, and Section 2, Core
Performance Requirements, of the Core Performance Guide.
b. Health care, warehouse and laboratory projects are ineligible for this path.
If method (a) is used for all of the floor area evaluated in this prerequisite, the total
percentage improvement is calculated as a sum of energy costs for each building
compared with a baseline. If any combination of methods (a),(b), and (c) is used, the total
percentage improvement is calculated as a weighted average based on building floor area.
In determining the weighted average, buildings pursuing (a) will be credited at the
percentage value determined by the energy model. Buildings pursuing (b) or (c) will be
credited at 12% better than ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007 for new
buildings and 8% better for existing building renovations.
AND
stories or fewer, 90% of the buildings must achieve a Home Energy Rating System
(HERS) index score of at least 75.
Project teams wishing to use ASHRAE-approved addenda for the purposes of this credit
may do so at their discretion. Addenda must be applied consistently across all LEED
credits.
GIB Credit 3: Building Water Efficiency (1 point)

Intent
To reduce effects on natural water resources and reduce burdens on community water
supply and wastewater systems.

Requirements
For nonresidential buildings, mixed-use buildings, and multifamily residential buildings
four stories or more:
Indoor water usage in new buildings and buildings undergoing major renovations as part
of the project must be an average 40% less than in baseline buildings. The baseline usage
is based on the requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and subsequent rulings by
the Department of Energy, the requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, and the
fixture performance standards in the 2006 editions of the Uniform Plumbing Code or
International Plumbing Code as to fixture performance.
Calculations are based on estimated occupant usage and include only the following
fixtures and fixture fittings (as applicable to the project scope): water closets (toilets),
urinals, lavatory faucets, showers, kitchen sink faucets, and prerinse spray valves. The
water efficiency threshold is calculated as a weighted average of water usage for the
buildings constructed as part of the project based on their conditioned square footage.
Projects may also follow the LEED for Multiple Buildings and On- Campus Building
Application Guide alternative calculation methodology to show compliance with this
prerequisite.
Table 4.20: National Efficiency baselines

The following fixtures, fittings, and appliances are outside the scope of the water use
reduction calculation:
a. Commercial steam cookers.
b. Commercial dishwashers.
c. Automatic commercial ice makers.
d. Commercial (family-sized) clothes washers.
e. Residential clothes washers.
f. Standard and compact residential dishwashers.
AND
stories or fewer, 90% of buildings must use a combination of fixtures that would earn 5
points under LEED for Homes 2008 Credit 3, Indoor Water Use.
GIB Credit 4: Water-Efficient Landscaping (1 point)

Intent
To limit or eliminate the use of potable water and other natural surface or subsurface
water resources on project sites, for landscape irrigation.
Requirements
Reduce water consumption for outdoor landscape irrigation by 50% from a calculated
midsummer baseline case. Reductions may be attributed to any combination of the
following strategies:, among others:
a. Plant species, plant density, and microclimate factor.
b. Irrigation efficiency.
c. Use of captured rainwater.
d. Use of recycled wastewater.
e. Use of water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for nonpotable uses.
f. Use of other nonpotable water sources, such as stormwater, air-conditioning
condensate, and foundation drain water.
Projects with no new or existing landscape irrigation requirements automatically meet the
credit requirements. Groundwater seepage that is pumped away from the immediate
vicinity of buildings slabs and foundations can be used for landscape irrigation and meet

the intent of this credit. However, it must be demonstrated that doing so does not affect
site storm water management systems.
GIB Credit 5: Existing Building Reuse (1 point)

Intent
To extend the life cycle of existing building stock to conserve resources, reduce waste,
and reduce adverse environmental effects of new buildings related to materials
manufacturing and transport.
Requirements
Reuse the existing habitable building stock, achieving the greater of the following two
benchmarks (based on surface area):
a) 50% of one existing building structure (including structural floor and roof
decking) and envelope (including exterior skin and framing but excluding window
assemblies and nonstructural roofing material).
b) 20% of the total existing building stock (including structure and envelope, as
defined above). Hazardous materials that are remediated as a part of the project
scope must be excluded from the calculations.
AND
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Do not demolish any historic buildings, or portions thereof, or alter any cultural
landscapes as part of the project. An exception is granted only if such action has been
approved by an appropriate review body. For buildings listed locally, approval must be
granted by the local historic preservation review board, or equivalent. For buildings listed
in a state register or in the National Register of Historic Places, approval must appear in a
programmatic agreement with the State Historic Preservation Office.
GIB Credit 6: Historic Resource Preservation and Adaptive Use (1 point)

Intent
To encourage the preservation and adaptive use of historic buildings and cultural
landscapes that represent significant embodied energy and cultural value, in a manner
that preserves historic materials and character-defining features.

Requirements
To achieve this credit, at least one historic building or cultural landscape must be present
on the project site. Do not demolish any historic buildings, or portions thereof, or alter
any cultural landscapes as part of the project. An exception is granted only if such action
has been approved by an appropriate review body. For buildings or landscapes listed
locally, approval must be granted by the local historic preservation review board, or
equivalent. For buildings or landscapes listed in a state register or in the National
Register of Historic Places, approval must appear in a programmatic agreement with the
State Historic Preservation Office. If any historic building in the project site is to be
rehabilitated, rehabilitate in accordance with local review or federal standards for
rehabilitation, whichever is more restrictive, using one of the following approaches:
a) Obtain approval, in the form of a “certificate of appropriateness,” from a locally
appointed historic preservation commission or architectural review board for any
exterior alterations or additions.
b) If federal funds are used for the project, obtain confirmation from a state historic
preservation office or the National Park Service that the rehabilitation satisfies the
Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation.
c) If a building or site is listed in or determined eligible for the National Register of
Historic Places but is not subject to federal or local review board review, include
on the project team a preservation professional who meets the federal
qualifications for historic architect and attests to conformance to the Secretary of
the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties.
GIB Credit 7: Minimized Site Disturbance in Design and Construction (1 point)

Intent
To preserve existing noninvasive trees, native plants, and pervious surfaces.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Development Footprint on Previously Developed Land Locate 100% of the
development footprint on areas that are previously developed and for which 100% of the
construction impact zone is previously developed.
OR

OPTION 2. Undeveloped Portion of Project Left Undisturbed

Depending on the density of the project, do not develop or disturb a portion of the land
that has not been previously developed on the site, exclusive of any land preserved by
codified law or a prerequisite of LEED for Neighbourhood Development; or exempt
areas designated as nonbuildable in land-use comprehensive plans and stipulate in
covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&R) or other binding documents that the
undisturbed area will be protected from development in perpetuity. Densities and
minimum percentages are as follows (mixeduse projects must use the lowest applicable
density or calculate a weighted average per the methodology in NPD Credit 2, Compact
Development):
Table 4.21: Minimum undeveloped area. By project Density
For portions of the site that are not previously developed, identify construction impact
zones that limit disturbance to a minimum of 40 feet beyond the building perimeter; 10
feet beyond surface walkways, patios, surface parking and utilities less than 12 inches in
diameter; 15 feet beyond street curbs and main utility branch trenches; and 25 feet
beyond constructed areas with permeable surfaces (such as pervious paving areas,
stormwater retention facilities, and playing fields) that require additional staging areas to
limit compaction in the constructed zone.
AND
FOR ALL PROJECTS
Survey the site to identify the following:
a) Trees in good or excellent condition, as determined by an arborist certified by the
International Society of Arboriculture (ISA).

b) Any heritage or champion trees of special importance to the community because

of their age, size, type, historical association, or horticultural value, as defined by a
government forester.
c) All trees larger than 6 inches in diameter at breast height (dbh, 4 feet 6 inches
above ground).
d) Any invasive tree species present on the site, and whether those trees threaten the
health of other trees to be preserved on the site, as determined by an ISA-certified
arborist.
Preserve the following trees that are also identified as in good or excellent condition:
a. All heritage or champion trees and trees whose dbh exceeds 50% of the state
champion dbh for the species.
b. A minimum of 75% of all noninvasive trees (including the above) larger than 18
inches dbh.
c. A minimum of 25% of all noninvasive trees (including the above) larger than 12
inches dbh if deciduous, and 6 inches dbh if coniferous.
Tree condition ratings must be based on assessment by an ISA-certified arborist using
ISA-approved assessment measures.
Develop a plan, in consultation with and approved by an ISA-certified arborist, for the
health of the trees, including fertilization and pruning, and for their protection during
construction. The plan must include protective fencing located 1 foot for each 1-inch
caliper from the trunk or at the tree drip line, whichever is larger, and specify that if
trenching or other disturbance is necessary within the protected zone, this work must be
done by hand. If disturbance includes a permanent excavation of 3 feet or deeper, the
excavation must start from a point not closer than 15 feet from the tree’s drip line. If an
ISA-certified arborist has determined that any trees to be preserved are threatened by
invasive vegetation, develop a plan to reduce the invasive vegetation to the maximum
extent possible.
Stipulate in CC&R or other binding documents that the undisturbed area of the preserved
trees will be protected from development in perpetuity.

GIB Credit 8: Storm water Management (1–4 points)

Intent
To reduce pollution and hydrologic instability from stormwater, reduce flooding, promote
aquifer recharge, and improve water quality by emulating natural hydrologic conditions.
Requirements
Implement a comprehensive stormwater management plan for the project that retains on-
site, through infiltration, evapotranspiration, and/or reuse, the rainfall volumes listed in
Table 1. Rainfall volume is based on the project’s development footprint, any other areas
that have been graded so as to be effectively impervious, and any pollution generating
pervious surfaces, such as landscaping, that will receive treatments of fertilizers or
pesticides. The percentile rainfall event is the total rainfall on a given day in the record
that is greater than or equal to X percent of all rainfall events over a 20- to 40+-year
period. For example, a 95th percentile event in a particular region might be 1.5 inches,
which would then be the volume to retain. To determine the volume to be retained,
projects may use NOAA’s published national rainfall data, run an approved stormwater
model, or independently gather local rain gauge data and rank rainfall events. One
hundred percent of the water volume from rainfall events up to the X percentile event
must not be discharged to surface waters unless the harvested and reused runoff is
authorized for discharge or allowed to be discharged into sanitary treatment systems.
Table 4.22: Points for retaining storm water on site
Projects that earn at least 2 points under this credit may earn 1 additional point by
meeting each of the following site characteristics:
a. The project is located on a previously developed site (1 point).

b. The project is located on a site that meets the definition of brownfield in

SLL Credit 2, Brownfields Redevelopment (1 point).
c. The project is designed to be transit ready by achieving the following (1
point):
i. At least 2 points under NPD Credit 1, Walkable Streets.
ii. At least 2 points under NPD Credit 2, Compact Development.
iii. At least 2 points under NPD Credit 3, Mixed-Use Neighborhood
Centers.
The BMPs for the comprehensive stormwater management plan must be selected from
the Washington State Department of Ecology’s Stormwater Management Manual for
Western Washington, Volume V, Runoff Treatment (2005 edition), or locally approved
equivalent, whichever is more stringent, and must comply with all federal, state, and local
regulations. The plan must include season-specific maintenance that ensures continuous
performance of the stormwater management system.
For stormwater reuse systems not on a combined stormwater and sewer system, the total
water reused for indoor use must not exceed 90% of the average annual rainfall.
Stormwater BMPs (except cisterns) must be designed to drain down within 72 hours.
GIB Credit 9: Heat Island Reduction (1 point)

Intent
To reduce heat islands to minimize effects on the microclimate and human and wildlife
habitat.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Nonroof Measures
Use any combination of the following strategies for 50% of the nonroof site hardscape
(including roads, sidewalks, courtyards, parking lots, parking structures, and driveways):
a) Provide shade from open structures, such as those supporting solar photovoltaic
panels, canopied walkways, and vine pergolas, all with a solar reflectance index
(SRI) of at least 29.
b) Use paving materials with an SRI of at least 29.
c) Install an open-grid pavement system that is at least 50% pervious.

d) Provide shade from tree canopy (within ten years of landscape installation).
OR
OPTION 2. High-Reflectance and Vegetated Roofs
Use roofing materials that have an SRI equal to or greater than the values in Table 4.23
for a minimum of 75% of the roof area of all new buildings within the project; or install a
vegetated (“green”) roof for at least 50% of the roof area of all new buildings within the
project. Combinations of SRI-compliant and vegetated roofs can be used provided they
collectively cover 75% of the roof area of all new buildings (use the equation in Option 3
Table 4.23: Minimum solar reflectance index value, by roof slope
OR
OPTION 3. Mixed Nonroof and Roof Measures
Use any of the strategies listed under Options 1 and 2 that in combination meet the
following criterion:
GIB Credit 10: Solar Orientation (1 point)

Intent
To encourage energy efficiency by creating optimum conditions for the use of passive
and active solar strategies.
Requirements
OPTION 1. Block Orientation (For Projects Earning at Least 2 Points Under NPD Credit
2, Compact Development)
Locate the project on existing blocks or design and orient the project such that 75% or
more of the blocks have one axis within plus or minus 15 degrees of geographical east-

west, and the east-west lengths of those blocks are at least as long as the north-south
lengths of the blocks. Earn at least 2 points under NPD Credit 2, Compact Development.
Fig 4.8: Solar-oriented blocks with east-west lengths equal to or greater than north-south
lengths, and east west axis within 15 degrees of geographic east-west
OR
OPTION 2. Building Orientation (Available For All Projects)
Design and orient 75% or more of the project’s total building square footage (excluding
existing buildings) such that one axis of each qualifying building is at least 1.5 times
longer than the other, and the longer axis is within 15 degrees of geographical east-west.
The length-to-width ratio applies only to walls enclosing conditioned spaces; walls
enclosing unconditioned spaces, such as garages, arcades, or porches, cannot contribute
to credit achievement. The surface area of equator-facing vertical surfaces and slopes of
roofs of buildings counting toward credit achievement must not be more than 25%
shaded at the time of initial occupancy, measured at noon on the winter solstice.

Fig 4.9: Solar-oriented blocks with longer axis (at least 1.5 times length of other axis) within
15 degrees of geographic east-west
GIB Credit 11: On-Site Renewable Energy Sources (1–3 points)

Intent
To encourage on-site renewable energy production to reduce the adverse environmental
and economic effects associated with fossil fuel energy production and use.
Requirements
Incorporate on-site nonpolluting renewable energy generation, such as solar, wind,
geothermal, small-scale or micro hydroelectric, and/or biomass, with production capacity
of at least 5% of the project’s annual electrical and thermal energy cost (exclusive of
existing buildings), as established through an accepted building energy performance
simulation tool. Points are awarded as listed in Table 4.24.
Table 4.24: Points for on-site renewable energy generation

GIB Credit 12: District Heating and cooling (2 points)

Intent
To encourage the development of energy-efficient neighborhoods by employing district
heating and cooling strategies that reduce energy use and adverse energy-related
environmental effects.
Requirements
Incorporate a district heating and/or cooling system for space conditioning and/or water
heating of new buildings (at least two buildings total) such that at least 80% of the
project’s annual heating and/or cooling consumption is provided by the district plant.
Single-family residential buildings and existing buildings of any type may be excluded
from the calculation. Each system component that is addressed by
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1–2007 must have an overall efficiency
performance at least 10% better than that specified by the standard’s prescriptive
requirements. Additionally, annual district pumping energy consumption that exceeds
2.5% of the annual thermal energy output of the heating and cooling plant (with 1 kWh of
electricity equal to 3,413 Btus) must be offset by increases in the component’s efficiency
beyond the specified 10% improvement. Combined heat and power (CHP) district
systems can achieve this credit by demonstrating equivalent performance.
GIB Credit 13: Infrastructure Energy Efficiency (1 point)

Intent
To reduce adverse environmental effects from energy used for operating public
infrastructure.
Requirements
Design, purchase, or work with the municipality to install all new infrastructure,
including but not limited to traffic lights, street lights, and water and wastewater pumps,
to achieve a 15% annual energy reduction below an estimated baseline energy use for this
infrastructure. The baseline is calculated with the assumed use of lowest first-cost
infrastructure items.

GIB Credit 14: Wastewater Management (1–2 points)

Intent
To reduce pollution from wastewater and encourage water reuse.
Requirements
Design and construct the project to retain on-site at least 25% of the average annual
wastewater generated by the project (exclusive of existing buildings), and reuse that
wastewater to replace potable water. An additional point may be awarded for retaining
and reusing 50%. Provide on-site treatment to a quality required by state and local
regulations for the proposed reuse. The percentage of wastewater diverted and reused is
calculated by determining the total wastewater flow using the design case after the GIB
Prerequisite 3 calculations, and determining how much of that volume is reused on-site.
Table 4.25: Points for reusing waste water.
GIB Credit 15: Recycled Content in Infrastructure (1 point)

Intent
To use recycled and reclaimed materials to reduce the adverse environmental effects of
extracting and processing virgin materials.
Requirements
Use materials for new infrastructure such that the sum of postconsumer recycled content,
in-place reclaimed materials, and one-half of the preconsumer recycled content
constitutes at least 50% of the total mass of infrastructure materials.
Count materials in all of the following infrastructure items as applicable to the project:
a. Roadways, parking lots, sidewalks, unit paving, and curbs.
b. Water retention tanks and vaults.
c. Base and subbase materials for the above.
d. Stormwater, sanitary sewer, steam energy distribution, and water piping.

Recycled content is defined in accordance with ISO/IEC 14021, Environmental labels

and declaration, Self-declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labeling).
GIB Credit 16: Solid Waste Management Infrastructure (1 point)

Intent
To reduce the volume of waste deposited in landfills. To promote the proper disposal of
hazardous wastes.
Requirements
Meet at least four of the following five requirements and publicize their availability and
benefits:
a. Include as part of the project at least one recycling or reuse station, available to all
project occupants, dedicated to the separation, collection, and storage of materials
for recycling; or locate the project in a local government jurisdiction that provides
recycling services. The recyclable materials must include, at a minimum, materials
paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics and metals.
b. Include as part of the project at least one drop-off point, available to all project
occupants, for potentially hazardous office or household wastes; or locate the
project in a local government jurisdiction that provides collection services.
Examples of potentially hazardous wastes include paints, solvents, oil, and
batteries. If a plan for post collection disposal or use does not exist, establish one;
c. Include as part of the project at least one compost station or location, available to
all project occupants, dedicated to the collection and composting of food and yard
wastes; or locate the project in a local government jurisdiction that provides
composting services. If a plan for postcollection use does not exist, establish one.
d. On every mixed-use or nonresidential block or at least every 800 feet, whichever is
shorter, include recycling containers adjacent to other receptacles or recycling
containers integrated into the design of the receptacle.
e. Recycle and/or salvage at least 50% of nonhazardous construction and demolition
debris. Develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a
minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and specifies
whether the materials will be stored on-site or commingled. Excavated soil and

land-clearing debris do not contribute to this credit. Calculations can be done by

weight or volume but must be consistent throughout.
GIB Credit 17: Light Pollution Reduction (1 point)
Intent
To minimize light trespass from project sites, reduce sky-glow to increase night sky
access, improve nighttime visibility through glare reduction, and reduce adverse effects
on wildlife environments.
Requirements
“Shared areas” of a project are spaces and facilities dedicated to common use (publicly or
privately owned). In residential areas, at least 50% of the external luminaires must have
fixture-integrated lighting controls that use motion sensors to reduce light levels by at
least 50% when no activity has been detected for 15 minutes.
AND
In all shared areas, install automatic controls that turn off exterior lighting when
sufficient daylight is available and when the lighting is not required during nighttime
hours; these lights must meet the total exterior lighting power allowance requirements in
Table 4.28.
AND
Document which lighting zone or zones (Table 4.26) describe the project, and for all
shared areas, follow the requirements in Table 4.27. If two or more different zones border
the project, use the most stringent uplight requirements, and use light trespass
requirements for the adjacent zone. Roadway lighting that is part of the project must meet
the requirements for the appropriate zone. For illuminance generated from a single
luminaire placed at the intersection of a private vehicular driveway and public roadway
accessing the site, project teams may use the centerline of the public roadway as the site
boundary for a length of two times the driveway width centered at the centerline of the
driveway when complying with the trespass requirements. Compliance with the light
trespass requirements may alternatively be met by using only luminaires that comply with
Table 4. ratings for backlight and glare.
AND

Stipulate covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&R) or other binding documents to

require continued adherence to the requirements.
Table 4.26: Lighting zones
Table 4.27: Allowable light trespass and uplight, by lighting zone
Table 4.28: Allowable light power densities, by lighting zone
Alternative method for meeting light trespass requirements in Table 4.27

A luminaire may be used if it is rated as follows according to the lighting zone of the site.
If the luminaire is installed in other than the intended manner, the rating must account for
the actual photometric geometry. An exception applies if at least 98% of a luminaire’s
emitted lumens are intercepted by man-made structures within the project. In either case,
luminaires equipped with adjustable mounting devices permitting alteration of luminaire
aiming in the field are not permitted.
Table 4.29: Allowable backlit and glare, by lighting zone
4. 5.4 | Innovation & Design Process
IDP Credit 1: Innovation and Exemplary Performance (1–5 points)

Intent
To encourage exemplary performance above the requirements set by the LEED for
Neighborhood Development Rating System and/or innovative performance in green
building, smart growth, or new urbanist categories not specifically addressed by the
LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System.
Requirements
In writing, identify the intent of the proposed innovation credit, the proposed requirement
for compliance, the proposed submittals to demonstrate compliance, and the design
approach and strategies that might be used to meet the requirements.
One point is awarded for each IDP Credit 1 earned, up to a total of 5. No more than 3
exemplary performance credits will be awarded in the Innovation and Design Process
category.

IDP Credit 2: LEE D Accredited Professional (1 point)

Intent
To support the integrated planning and design required for a LEED for Neighborhood
Development project and to streamline the application and certification process.
Requirements
At least one principal member of the project team must be a LEED Accredited
Professional.
OR
At least one principal member of the project design team must be a professional who is
credentialed in smart growth as determined by the Natural Resources Defense Council in
consultation with Smart Growth America.
OR
At least one principal member of the project design team must be a professional who is
credentialed in new urbanism as determined by the Congress for the New Urbanism.
Note: A separate LEED Accredited Professional exam track for professionals wanting to
specialize in the LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System will be available
in early 2010; this IDP credit can be achieved if a principal member of the project design
team is accredited as a result of passing the exam.
4. 5.5 | Regional Priority Credit
RP C Credit 1: Regional Priority (1–4 points)

Intent
To encourage strategies that address geographically specific environmental, social equity,
and public health priorities.
Requirements
Earn up to four of the six Regional Priority credits. These credits have been identified by
subject matter experts representing the U.S. Green Building Council (regional councils
and chapters), the Congress for the New Urbanism (chapters and membership in regions
without chapters), and Smart Growth America (members of Smart Growth America’s
State and Local Caucus or their designees) as having additional regional importance for

the project’s location. A database of Regional Priority credits and their geographic
applicability will be available on the USGBC website, www.usgbc.org.
One point is awarded for each Regional Priority credit earned, up to a maximum of 4.
Non-U.S. projects are not eligible for Regional Priority credits.

5
5. CASE STUDY
LEED Neighborhood Development
Dockside Green - Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
5.1. Introduction
5.2. About The project
5.3. Executive Summary
5.4. Areas of Sustainable development
5.4.1. LEED Certification
5.4.2. Water Conservation
5.4.3. Energy Conservation
5.4.4. Sustainable site & Urban Ecology
5.4.5. Human Health & Well being
5.4.6. Materials & Resources
5.4.7. Social Parameters
Introduction
Dockside Green is a 1.3 million square foot mixed-use sustainable community
development on a 16-acre former Brownfield site located in Victoria, British Columbia. It
is an incredible 16-acre harbour front community adjacent to the Upper Harbour and
downtown Victoria The project is made up of residential, office, commercial and light
industrial uses and is a global showcase of the Triple Bottom Line approach to
development including environmental, social and economic principles.
It is a place to enjoy an unparalleled quality of life surrounded by incredible green spaces

and access to downtown Victoria via the mini-transit system, boat launch or pedestrian
and bike trails. This vibrant community offers three distinct neighbourhoods alive with
shops, restaurants, offices and the central gathering place — the amphitheatre.
Central to the vitality of Dockside

Green is the diverse mix of
commercial space available.
Premium mixed residential, office,
retail and commercial spaces are
planned site-wide and are sized to
accommodate from 700 to over
6,900 square feet on a single floor
(larger for multiple floors).
Created around the principles of
smart growth, green building and
sustainable community design.
Dockside’s unique harbour front
location allows easy access to the
Johnson and Bay Street bridges as
well as the Galloping Goose Trail.
This mixed-use community features
residential, light industrial, retail and 185,000 sq. ft. of commercial space.


Dockside Green is a 15-acre master-planned community
Vision Statement
Dockside Green will be a socially vibrant, ecologically restorative, economically sound
and just community. It will be a distinct collection of beautifully designed live, work,
play and rest spaces designed to enhance the health and well being of both people and
ecosystems, both now and in the future.

A. Dockside Village:
Located at the south end of the community, this dynamic neighbourhood will feature the
broadest spectrum of uses including homes, offices and locally-owned shops and
services. This is where the community amphitheatre will be located — the cultural heart
of Dockside Green.
B. Dockside Commons
As the second neighbourhood in this dynamic community, Dockside Commons will
feature peaceful courtyards, scenic vistas and lightly landscaped courtyards that will
promote a calming environment as well as open, pleasant work areas. Street-oriented
townhomes and garden flats face the greenway to complete the relaxed setting.
C. Dockside Wharf
In May 2008, Dockside Wharf welcomed its first residents as purchasers of the building
moved in. This vibrant neighbourhood will continue to grow when residents follow in
February 2009. Built around a central plaza, residents will enjoy such amenities as a
harbour front restaurant and pub, organic bakery and fitness facility.
Buildings Completed or Nearing Completion:
SYNERGY @ DOCKSIDE GREEN INSPIRATION-OFFICE, BAKERY, COFFEE

SHOP AND RESTAURANT

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT BIO-MASS HEAT GENERATION PLANT

Executive Summary
Project highlights include:
Synergy receiving LEED® Platinum certification with 63 points, setting a new

global record for the highest number of points ever achieved for a LEED® project.
It was determined that Balance is on track to receive LEED® Platinum
certification.
The centralized biomass heat generation plant is under construction and expected
to be operational in the spring of 2009. The plant will provide renewable heating
to the development, resulting in Dockside Green being the first North American
community development to be “greenhouse gas positive” from a building energy
perspective.
The sewage treatment plant was completed and is treating 100% of all sewage
onsite.
Treated sewage water is being used for toilets, irrigation and water features.
Projected potable water savings are 66.5% below baseline LEED® water
standards.
It is estimated that 70 million gallons of water per year, at full build-out will be
saved (equivalent to entire region’s water use on driest day of the year).
A naturalized approach to storm water treatment has been designed and about 60%
of the naturalized creek has been completed. The municipal storm water system
will not be used.
Meters will be used in each residential unit to measure hot and cold water, heat
and electricity, ensuring that building occupants pay only for what they use and
eliminating “free riders.” These meters are currently in use in Synergy.
Building energy modelling projects 50 to 52% in energy savings compared to the
Canadian Model National Building Code.
Green roofs are showcased in Synergy and CI-1 (our first commercial building)
and under construction in Balance.

All amenities will be delivered as planned. Additional paths and view corridors
have been added to the original design.
Environmentally friendly building materials fly ash, Triton wood and air quality
techniques are being used.
Several environmental products from Victoria, BC, and Canadian companies are
being used, contributing to the promotion of a sustainable and bioregional
economy.
The remediation of the on-site park has been completed including plantings of
native and adaptive species.
The Community Liaison Group has been established and is meeting on a regular
basis.
An excellent working relationship with the Victoria West Community Association
has been forged.
A video has been produced to showcase support from Chamber of Commerce,
Sierra.
Club and Vic West Community Association-A Housing Affordability Strategy
was completed in 2007 and is being implemented in stages. The affordable-
housing condominiums are built: nine are in Synergy (the first residential project –
completed in 2008) and seventeen are in Balance (the second residential phase –
completing in spring 2009). We are continuing to prepare the business plan for the
rental housing project.
A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed with the Songhees and
Esquimalt First Nations. A First Nations job training program has been initiated
and a First Nations art piece has been installed for public display. The First
Nations training initiative is facing challenges that are being addressed.
The Princess Mary building (formerly the Princess Mary Restaurant) has been
preserved and is being redeveloped as Farmer Construction’s new head office.
Dockside Green is the first project in North America to register for LEED® ND
(Neighbourhood Development) certification. The LEED® ND application has
been submitted and is being reviewed by the USGBC.

LEED rated buildings:
Goal: Achieve LEED Canada NC 1.0 platinum certification on all buildings developed at
Dockside Green that can be certified under LEED Canada NC 1.0.
Example: Phase 1 -Synergy:
Status: Synergy achieved LEED Platinum with 63 points as follows:
Phase II - Balance:
Status: Balance is targeting the same number of points as
Synergy.
Other Buildings:
Status: The following buildings will also be pursuing LEED

Canada NC platinum:
R3 – Harmony and Tranquillity
Princess Mary (Farmer Construction head office)
Enhanced Goal: Achieve LEED Platinum certification on all commercial buildings under
LEED Application Guide for Core and Shell Buildings and Lease Tenant Space. The
following buildings will be pursuing LEED Core and Shell platinum
CI-1 – Inspiration
CI-2 – Prosperity

CI-3 - Evolution
The following buildings will not be pursuing LEED certification as they cannot be
certified under LEED Canada NC 1.0:
Biomass plant and sewage treatment plant (infrastructure systems for the project)
R4 – three-story town home project (cannot be certified under LEED NC)
Greenhouse Gas Commitment: Biomass System
Stated Goal: Provide a biomass co-generation facility to be “greenhouse gas neutral”

from a building energy perspective, using biomass energy with the purchase of green
power certificates.
Status: The centralized biomass heat generation plant is being built; the plant will be
backed up by natural gas boilers for peak loads and maintenance.
Dockside Green will be the first large community-scale development in North America to
be GHG positive from a building energy perspective.

The anticipated GHG savings from the biomass system and anticipated building energy
efficiency are as follows:

WATER CONSERVATION
Sewage Treatment:
Stated Goal: Treat 100% of all sewage on-site.
Enhanced Goal: Use treated water from sewage
treatment process to flush toilets, run irrigation and
maintain the on-site creek and pond water system.
Status: The sewage treatment facility is finished and
has been certified as fully operational. The treated water will be used in all buildings for
toilets, on-site irrigation and green roof garden maintenance. It is estimated that the use of
treated water will save about 30.8 million of water per year at build-out. The remaining
treated water will be used to fill the naturalized greenway that will flow from the south
end to the north end of the site.
Water Efficiency – Buildings:

Stated Goal: Reduce potable water consumption by 60% as compared to the LEED
baseline requirements
Status: The projected water reduction for Synergy and Balance is 67.5% with respect to
the LEED baseline requirements which exceeds target. overall water consumption
reduction, including appliances and irrigation, is anticipated to be in excess of 66.5%.

Water Efficiency – Landscaping:

Stated Goal: Use no potable water for on-grade landscaping. Status Only
treated water and rainwater will be used for landscaping. In addition, the
use of native and adaptive species will significantly reduce the demand
for treated water for irrigation
Storm water Treatment:

Stated Goal: The development will treat its own storm water and meet the LEED
requirements by using a naturalized creek and pond system.
Status: Engineering reports have been completed and the storm water design has been
completed. The storm water system is under construction. The municipal storm system
will not be used Dockside Green’s system uses the on-site naturalized creek and pond
system, along with some underground storage to treat and control flows. The system is
designed well beyond LEED standards and can accommodate a 1-in-100-year rain event
for the majority of the system and 1-in-25-year event for the balance of the system. The
design promotes integrated storm water and urban ecology features including green roofs.
The plants selected in the naturalized creek and pond system (“greenway”) are native and
adaptive species. The greenway will be a significant amenity and featured landscape area
ENERGY CONSERVATION
Building Energy:
Stated Goal: Design buildings that are 47% more energy-efficient than those designed to
meet the Model National Energy Code (MNEC).
Status: First building phase, Synergy, is designed to surpass the stated goal. The
modelled energy savings for the buildings in Synergy are 53% better than those set in the
MNEC. The modeled energy savings will exceed Synergy’s modelled energy results.
design strategy focuses first on passive design. To address passive design, a number of
notable features in the design of Synergy and Balance:
Averages of R17 wall insulation and R22 roof insulation have been used.

Low E double-glazed windows provide a cool atmosphere in the summer and

cozy, warm atmosphere in the winter. These also prohibit the escape of longwave
heat radiation that is produced by each suite’s internal heat systems while at the
same time prohibiting the transfer of short wave radiation produced by the sun’s
rays. The result will be higher indoor comfort and less energy consumption. Most
south-facing and west-facing windows are equipped with motorized exterior sun
shades to provide shade during the summer months.
Energy – Measuring Performance:

Stated Goal: Provide meters to individual suites.
Status: Each residential suite in Synergy and Balance either has already or will be
equipped with meters to measure cold water, hot water, heat and electrical consumption.
Energy – Energy Efficient Appliances:
Stated Goal: Provide Energy Star rated appliances.
Status: Every appliance at Dockside Green will be Energy Star rated
Energy –Commissioning:
Stated Goal: Independently commission each building to review building systems to
ensure they are installed correctly and working properly
Status: Hired an independent commissioning agent for all buildings under construction
or design. The commissioning agent reviews design intent and construction drawings and
tests them upon building completion to ensure the systems work properly.
Renewable Energy:
Stated Goal: Demonstrate various renewable energy systems and environmental

techniques at Dockside Green.

Status: Use of various examples of photovoltaics and solar hot

water products on-site as demonstrations of these technologies,
such as the integrated photovoltaic shading strategy used on CI-1.
Wind turbines and photovoltaic technology are installed on the CI-
1 building and in Point Ellice Park.
A solar compactor using photovoltaic technology has been
installed on-site.
Elimination of CFC, Halons and Ozone Protection

Stated Goal: Avoid the use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and halons
Status: The development team has selected refrigeration units, HVAC systems and fire
suppressants that do not contain halons. Both these agents and CFCs are harmful to the
atmosphere and increase the rate of ozone depletion.
SUSTAINABLE SITES & URBAN ECOLOGY

Green Roofs:
Stated Goal: Install green roofs.
Status: Synergy, Balance, Harmony and CI-1 all include green
roofs. Green roofs reduce the heat island effect of urban settings
while promoting urban ecology.
Use of Vertical Green Wall elements:

New Goal: Introduce a vertical green wall element in the project.
Status: Balance is designed to have vertical green walls (or “living walls”). The green
wall is visually pleasing, offers environmental benefits and
integrates horizontal and vertical elements of ecology into
building design.

Use of Native and Adaptive Species:

Stated Goal: Use only native and adaptive species in landscaping.
Status: All building landscape plans include only native and adaptive species. This
approach will continue throughout the development.
Tree Planting and Site Landscaping:

Stated Goal: Plant 1,000 trees throughout the development.
Status: Native or adaptive trees will be planted in strategic positions throughout the site
to reinforce the West Coast character of the project, provide shade from the sun in
summer and wind breaks in winter, and attract birds.
Integrated Pest Management Plan:

Stated Goal: Develop and implement an integrated pest management plan.
Status: Integrated pest management plan was completed and approved by the
Municipality.
Erosion and Sedimentation Control

Stated Goal: Follow an erosion and sedimentation plan and during construction.
Status: An overall site erosion and sedimentation control plan has been developed. Plan
conforms to the required standards and is now being implemented on-site.
Rehabilitate Point Ellice Park Shoreline:

Stated Goal: Rehabilitate the shoreline
along Point Ellice Park.
Status: The Park design was developed
with input from a broad range of
community members and other potential
stakeholders. The park is now finalized and
signage will be erected to showcase the
various features. The plan also includes a
new sand beach and tidal pool and all native adaptive plant species. A new pedestrian

pathway has been constructed. The type of material to be used on the walkway was up for
debate, Dockside Green and the Vic West Community Association both preferred
compacted gravel paths rather than asphalt for environmental and aesthetic reasons. The
municipality felt the path should be paved to avoid gravel being tracked off-site as
experienced in other developments as such asphalt was used.
Light Pollution
Stated Goal: Create no light pollution.
Status: All buildings are designed to ensure that only full “cut-off” light fixtures are
used.
Alternative Transportation Strategies

Stated Goal: Commit to the following
a 5-minute walk to downtown
the purchase of 10 Smart Cars or electric vehicles for a car share program
upgrade of the Galloping Goose Trail
purchasing a mini-transit bus
contribute a dollar amount to provide for the 75 affordable-housing units, bicycles,
car share and transit subsidization
build a dock facility for the Harbour Ferries
sell residential parking stalls separately from residential units
provide bike storage for residential and commercial space (and include showers in
commercial buildings)
provide car co-op stalls for commercial spaces
Work with BC Transit to add additional bus routes.
Status: The following is an update of strategies to date:

One Smart car has been leased for the car share program. Car
share stalls have been located in both Synergy and Balance.
An agreement has been reached with the Victoria Car Share

Co-op to manage the program for Dockside Green. The program has been in place
since March 2008.
The upgrade design of
the Galloping Goose Trail has
been completed through the
park and the safe interface
between the bike trail and
Harbour Road will be built
shortly. The construction of the
dock facility has been
completed and Harbour Ferry
service has commenced.
A meeting took place to see if BC Transit would operate the mini-transit bus at
Dockside Green Limited. BC Transit was not interested. Dockside Green will
purchase the bus in accordance with the timing set out in the Master Development
Agreement. Customized bike racks with have been installed.
The 75 affordable housing units will be provided with a dollar subsidization by
Dockside Green for bikes, transit and car share memberships.
A dedicated car share stall has been provided for the commercial spaces in
Synergy.
In Synergy, Balance and Harmony, 99, 171 and 381 (respectively) individual
secure bicycle lockers are being provided in the underground parking for the safe
storage of residents’ bicycles. A shower is also
being installed for the retail users in Synergy. As
well, 18 on-grade bike stalls will be set up for
Synergy and Balance and 14 for the CI-1 and CI-2
buildings.
Discussions have taken place with BC Transit to
add bus routes to Dockside Green. Currently, the #6
bus on Esquimalt Road makes 209 stops per day

and the #14 bus on Bay Street makes 145 stops per day.
Residential purchasers have been given the option to reduce the purchase price of
their suite if they do not want a parking stall.
Remediation:
Stated Goal: Dockside Green will carry out the site remediation in accordance with the
Ministry of Environment approvals; including ensuring buildings in risk-assessed areas
have proper vapour barriers and controls.
Status: The Approval in Principle (AIP) by the Ministry of Environment was received.
Under the requirements of the AIP, Dockside Green completed the removal of hazardous
and contaminated materials from the site and Certificates of Compliance have been
received on all parcels except lot 4 which should be secured shortly. Hazardous waste
materials were taken off-site to the Quantum Environmental facility in Princeton, BC,
where they were put through a process called Thermal ReSorbtion. In this process, the
materials are heated and dried in a kiln to a temperature that turns the contaminants in the
soils into a gas. This gas is then pushed through a reactor and incinerated. The leftover
“clean soil” is then tested to confirm it meets environmental standards. Once it has been
approved, the soils are mixed with bio-solids and sent to the reclamation project at the
Sunoco Copper mine. No contaminated soil was shipped by Dockside Green to the
Cowichan Valley.
HUMAN HEALTH & WELLBEING

According to the Canada Green Building Council, Canadians spend an average of 90% of
their time indoors. The environmental movement has long been effective in focusing
attention on the quality of air outside, but not in focusing on air quality inside.
100% Fresh Air into each Suite:

Stated Goal: Provide 100% fresh air to residential suites.
Status: A typical condominium design provides outdoor air to a suite by pressuring the
corridors in the hope that air will move from the corridors under the doors and into
individual suites. This is an extremely poor strategy and not allowed in certain parts of
North America.

In Synergy and Balance, a central heat recovery ventilation system or an individual heat
recovery system is being installed, which will provide 100% fresh air directly into each
residential suite. These heat recovery ventilation systems pump fresh, filtered air directly
into each suite and recover heat in the exhausted air to help warm the incoming air.
Materials -Low or No Emitting Materials Paints, Sealants and Adhesives:

Stated Goal: Meet the LEED requirements for providing low or no volatile organic
compound (VOCs) in paints, sealants and adhesives.
Status: Building specifications under construction require that paints, sealants and
adhesives meet strict low-emitting standards for VOCs.
Materials- Non-Urea Formaldehyde Composite Wood Products:

Stated Goal: Avoid using urea formaldehyde composite wood products.
Status: All buildings under construction require wheat board as substrates in residential
cabinets and the use of non-urea formaldehyde medium-density fiberboard to replace
urea formaldehyde medium-density fiberboard.
Materials - Low emitting carpets:

Stated Goal: Ensure all carpets meet the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Indoor
Air Quality Test Program.
Status: Synergy and Balance building specifications mandate that carpets must meet the
Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label program.

Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control:

Stated Goal: Install permanent systems at all high-volume entryways (such as grills and
grates) to capture dirt and particulates and to prevent them from being tracked into
buildings.
Status: Buildings under construction require permanent entryway chemical and pollutant
control systems
Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plans – during construction:

Stated Goal: Follow the LEED requirements for instituting and following an Indoor Air
Quality Plan during construction.
Status: An Indoor Air Quality Plan has been prepared for all buildings under
construction and is being followed. This includes protecting installed absorptive materials
from moisture damage
Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan – testing before occupancy:

Stated Goal: Follow the LEED requirements for testing an Indoor Air Quality plan
before Occupancy Status to ensure good indoor air quality in all suites, a contract has
been created let to measure the following in Synergy and Balance:
The IAQ test performed in ten units at Synergy all units are well within the allowable
limits as demonstrated in the following table:

Indoor Cleaning Products:

Stated Goal: Promote the use of eco-friendly cleaning products.
Status: A Green Housekeeping Plan has been prepared and a six-month supply of
environmentally friendly cleaning products is being provided to each resident and
business.
Smoking:
Stated Goal: Meet the LEED requirements for avoiding tobacco smoke in the building.
Status: Smoking has been banned in common areas in the residential building.
Construction details provide for sealed doorways to help ensure that unwanted odours
and contaminants do not migrate from one suite to another. In addition, smoking will be
prohibited within 7.5 metres of all commercial building’s doorways, windows and air
intakes.
Controllability of Systems:
Stated Goal: Meet LEED requirements governing the installation of operable windows
and lighting control zones.
Status: In Synergy, Balance and the CI-1 building, the drawings meet the LEED
requirements for operable windows and lighting controls.
Thermal Comfort:
Stated Goal: Comply with ASHRAE 55-2004 requirements to meet thermal comfort
conditions for human occupancy and provide monitoring systems for temperature control.

Status: In Synergy, Balance and the CI-1 building, the drawings meet the requirements.
A four-pipe fan coil system is provided and residents have 100% fresh air systems and
the means to control air flow and temperature individually.
Noise Mitigation Strategies:

Stated Goal: Ensure residential space does not exceed the following noise levels:
Noise levels (decibels)

Bedrooms 35
Living, Dining 40
Kitchen, Bathrooms, Hallways 45
Status:
According to the Synergy building permit, all residential spaces comply with the stated
noise level maximums. Other noise abatement reduction strategies have also been used
(e.g., installation of acoustic underlay, sound insulation)
MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

Buildings are major repositories for a wide variety of manufactured products. Building
materials have an impact on the environment all the way through its extraction,
processing and transportation steps and eventual disposal. During their entire life cycle
they will contribute to air and water pollution, destruction of habitats and depletion of
natural resources. According to the Canadian Green Building Council, the construction
industry consumes approximately 40% of the global material flow and generates about
33% of the North American solid waste stream. That is why buildings have a significant
“upstream” impact on demand for global natural resources and a significant
“downstream” impact on land use (as a result of the need for safe disposal in landfills).
To minimize Dockside Green’s building eco-footprint, the plan is for each building to use
recycled content, sustainably harvested materials and rapidly renewable resources. At the
same time, construction and household waste are to be minimized.

Recycling Facilities:
Stated Goal: Include recycling rooms in all buildings.
Status: In accordance with LEED certification, a recycling space has been provided in all
buildings under construction. Residential buildings also include a carbon filter organics
collector for each residential suite. Recycling bins were originally going to be provided
under kitchen counters but, after reviewing the experiences in other projects, decided that
an organic collection was a better approach.
Environmentally Friendly Products – Rapidly Renewable Products

Stated Goal: Use rapidly renewable natural materials.
Status: The following products have been used:
Bamboo flooring and cabinet doors. Bamboo is a fast-growing grass and is being
sourced for Synergy and Balance from locations where it is being sustainably
harvested every three to six years.
Wheat board substrates in cabinets
Wool carpets (used as an upgrade feature)
Cork flooring and paneling in lobby areas. Cork flooring is made from the bark of
the cork tree and is thus rapidly renewable.
Environmentally Friendly Products – Recycled Content:

Stated Goal: Use environmentally friendly products with recycled content.
Status: The following products have been used
Fly ash: The manufacture of each tonne of Portland cement results in the
production of .87 tonnes of CO2. Globally, 3% of greenhouse gas emissions and
5% of total CO2 emissions are attributed to cement production. EcoSmart
Concrete, a national non-profit research and advocacy group, worked with
Dockside Green to optimize the use of fly ash, a byproduct of coal-fired power
generation and cement production.
Adding fly ash to concrete reduces the overall amount of Portland cement needed.
The 35–40% fly-ash content in our cement reduces the C02 level emitted and
strengthens the concrete

Interface carpet tile: Approximately 1,000 square metres of Interface carpet tile is
being used in corridors, lobbies and common areas. The tile is Interface’s
revolutionary ‘Cool Carpet’ which – thanks to the incorporation of recyclable
materials, energy efficient manufacturing and use of alternative fuel sources –is a
greenhouse gas neutral product. According to Interface Carpets Inc., the
manufacturer of ‘Cool Carpet’, the Dockside Green community will save 14
metric tonnes of greenhouse gases by using the modular ‘Cool Carpet’. Although
the product is more expensive than rolled carpet, money is saved in the long-term.
Worn or stained sections can be replaced by removing only the single tile instead
of the whole roll as would be done with a traditional carpet. Carpets are one of the
single largest components of North America’s landfills. By using modular
carpeting, the Dockside strata corporations will be able to maintain new-looking
carpets without having to replace entire floor areas.
Rebar with recycled steel
Aluminum windows and railings with recycled content.
Terrazzo with post-customer recycled glass.
Recovered concrete crushed and used on-site.
Cork flooring, in the lobbies of Synergy, made from the materials left over from
wine cork production.
Construction Waste Management:

Stated Goal: Divert 75% of construction waste from landfill.
Status: Farmer Construction has prepared a construction waste management plan. The
plan will be implemented for each phase of the project. Already 95% of Synergy’s waste
has been diverted from the landfill site, well exceeding our goal. Every month, a
contractor’s report is submitted outlining the various steps that were taken to manage the
waste materials and resources used and disposed of on-site.
Environmentally Friendly Products –Sustainable Wood:

Stated Goal: Use sustainable wood products.

Status: Wood is one the best sustainable building materials in the world. Certain logging
practices have had significant negative impacts on ecosystems, fish stocks and
biodiversity. Some solutions are to use Forest Stewardship Council certified wood (wood
harvested from sustainable forests), reclaimed wood, forgotten wood or other sources of
wood from using sustainable harvesting strategies. Dockside Green has gone to great
lengths (and great depths) to find the most sustainable materials for the community.
Thanks to a revolutionary underwater harvesting technology, which uses guided
submersible tree fellers, we are able to use wood products from preserved trees
submerged behind BC’s large hydro-electric dams.
The technology is that of Triton Logging, a Victoria company. Triton is the world leader
in underwater logging and a growing player in the environmentally certified wood
industry. Using its patented Sawfish™ technology, Triton harvests standing forests
flooded by hydro reservoirs. With 45,000 major dam reservoirs around the world
containing an estimated 300 million trees, submerged forests represent a significant
source of non-living timber that can be used for a wide variety of industrial and consumer
applications. The Synergy townhouses incorporated Triton wood products.
Environmentally Friendly Products – Cement:

New Goal: Work with the Cement Association of Canada to maximize the sustainability
of one of the principal materials used in the project and document the various innovation
environment strategies with respect to the use of cement
Status: Concrete has many positive attributes, from durability to design flexibility and
sound proofing. Buildings made of concrete tend to last longer and can be easily altered
into alternative building uses if the architectural design is done appropriately upfront. For
example, Canada’s first LEED gold project, the Vancouver Island Technology Park,
involved the conversion of an old concrete mental health institution into a high-tech park
for some of Victoria’s leading high-tech companies. The reuse of these old buildings
saved significant dollars and provided an effective greenhouse gas strategy by
maintaining all the embodied energy in the retained structure.
Strategies being used at Dockside Green:
The thermal mass of concrete contributes to the building’s energy efficiency.

The condominium towers are constructed with a durable steel-reinforced, solid

concrete structure of floor slabs, columns, sheer walls and roofs. Benefits included
structural strength, noise reduction strategies, durability and adaptability.
Durability results in longer lasting structures, reducing waste and maintenance
costs over the life of the structure.
Each mix incorporates industrial by products such as fly ash (a by product of coal-
fired power generation and cement production), which is being used at a rate of
35–40% to replace cement. This reduces CO2 levels emitted during production of
cement while using a waste product and strengthening the concrete this technique
is recognized in LEED as a desired strategy and contributes to our LEED platinum
target.
Fly ash was used in the construction of the sewage treatment plant. This resulted
in a mix that had a high degree of crack resistance and water tightness thereby
eliminating the use of chemical additives and saved about $40,000.
A soil stabilization process using cement to “improve” the bearing capacity of
inadequate soil conditions on which the biomass plant is being located by drying
the soils and binding them, thereby providing increased capabilities avoiding
unnecessary and expensive improvements such as floating, raft-slabs, piles or
caissons.
A cement-based solidification/stabilization process was also used to treat 10
tonnes of lead contaminated soil using Portland cement incorporated into the soil.
The result achieved by an environmental consultant was non-hazardous soil. This
strategy is now being promoted across Canada.
Insulated concrete forms and a floor system were used to construct three
townhouses on-site to showcase the benefits of the system.
Any waste concrete from the site goes back to Ocean Cement’s yard to be used to
make lock blocks. The use of concrete tends to be mean less construction waste.
Old concrete can be reused. At the Dockside site, we found several abandoned
slabs buried. These were crushed and used for the road base and other building
purposes.
Concrete panels with recycled glass are being used for elevator lobbies.

Concrete does not promote mould growth and can be easily cleaned
Building Moisture Protection:

Stated Goal: Engage a building envelope specialist for moisture protection.
Status: Buildings under construction and design have rain screens to protect residents
from unwanted moisture intrusion during wet winters. This investment aids in
maintaining the dryness of the building.
Reuse Buildings on-site:

New Goal: Preserve existing buildings on the site.
Status: The site had two pre-
existing structures. One was a
concrete block building formerly
used by Whitehall Industries. The
other was the Princess Mary
building, a former restaurant. The one-storey Whitehall building was determined to have
no economic or structural value and to be hindering future development that would have
higher density. In addition, there was little embodied energy in the building. Waste
materials from the building are to be recycled as much as possible. The Princess Mary
building consisted of three structures: the stern of the old Princess Mary vessel, a Russian
freighter and a two-story wood structure. Various groups put much effort into trying to
salvage the old stern, but in the end we agreed to do it and provide it at no cost to the
former owner of the vessel. After discussions with Farmer Construction over what to do
with the rest of the structure, they undertook a due diligence review of the building and
then proposed to salvage the building and move their head office into it on-site. This was
exciting news for the project to have our contractor move to Dockside Green. During the
Canadian Construction Association, national conference held in Victoria in March 2008
the association was able to showcase the plan for the building (which is targeting a LEED
platinum certification), Farmer Construction and Dockside Green.

SOCIAL
Although Dockside Green could be considered a community in itself, it is also part of a
larger community. From the start Dockside Green was committed to making sure that not
only the buildings on the site were brought together into a neighborhood, but also that
this neighborhood be connected and engaged with the larger region and landscape that
surrounds it. The overall goal was to create a livable, sustainable community for people
of all ages and income levels by working with the existing surrounding community to
revitalize an existing urban area, preserve some green spaces, reduce automobile
dependency, promote pedestrian and bicycling activities and decrease polluted storm
water runoff
Mixed Use Development:

Stated Goal: Create a mixed-use community using smart
growth principles.
Status: The principles of “Smart Growth” are in effect
with Dockside Green being able to house more than 2,200 residents on the 15-acre site. If
the residents of this development were to be housed in single family dwellings, it would
take a housing project of 115 acres, approximately 115 football fields of open space. The
development is to include three distinct neighbourhoods
Dockside Village, located on the south end of the site, will feature homes, offices,
shops and services, light industry and live-work studios. In the heart of the village

a community amphitheatre will be bordered by cafés, retail, light retail and office
space – a true gathering place for visitors and residents.
Dockside Commons, located in the middle of the site, includes Harbour Road
industry. It will be characterized by a dense, small-scale light industrial
atmosphere with office and residential to the east and west of the greenway.
Open bike lanes and walking space will allow for increased connectivity between
downtown, the site and the Galloping Goose Trail.
Dockside Wharf will include residential condos located along Tyee Road, with
beautifully landscaped street-oriented townhouses and high-rise condominiums
insulated by garden flats facing an internal greenway. Open space between all
buildings will allow for increased pedestrian traffic throughout the site. This
design will make the area user friendly and safe while promoting urban ecology.
At the north end of Harbour Road, an office building with a restaurant, organic
bakery and coffee shop is being constructed. Blending in with the harbour industry
across the street, this area of Dockside Green will mix historical uses with modern
flare and design. At the north end of Dockside Wharf, there will be waterside
residences with direct access to the water, a public wharf, and the ever-convenient
Galloping Goose Trail. Whether you want to hop on a harbour ferry to downtown
or ride your bike to the BC Ferries terminal along the Galloping Goose, this end of
the site allows for connections to both.
The master plan is continually being revised and improved based on input from the
Community Association and the Municipal planning staff. For instance, Synergy and
Balance have added more pedestrian connections. As well, Synergy has added some
commercial uses near the Harbour Road and Tyee Road intersection and a new plaza. CI-
1 is now open with the organic bakery in full operation and the organic coffee shop and
restaurant under design and construction.
New Urbanism Design:

Stated Goal: Use “New Urbanism” principles and “Smart Growth” in the design of
Dockside Green

Status: The project design has embraced the principles of New Urbanism and Smart
Growth. Both Synergy and Balance have created interesting streetscapes, bringing the
building close to the street and creating landscaped “bulbs” for parking to narrow the
street.
Mix of Residential Units to Attract People in a Range of Ages & Stages of Life:
Stated Goal: Create a mix of unit types to attract a wide range of ages
Status:Dockside Green is attracting residents of all ages and backgrounds who share a
desire to live in a healthy, vibrant community. The project has been carefully designed as
a mixed-use community to reinforce New Urbanism principle including providing
neighbourhood shopping, interconnectivity to surrounding neighbourhoods and numerous
trails throughout the development. The wide range of community amenities –such as the
amphitheater, elegantly designed buildings, parks, dock facilities, urban ecology
practices, greenway and access to waterfront – are all factors to attract a diverse range of
ages.
Both Synergy and Balance include a mix of unit
types (1 bedroom, 1 bedroom and den, 2 bedrooms,
2 bedrooms and den, and 3 bedrooms) in the form
of condos, garden flats and two- and three-storey
townhouses. In addition, people from a diverse mix
of ages have purchased in Synergy. This is a direct
result of our efforts to create a community.
The mix of purchaser ages in Synergy: The mix of purchaser ages in Balance:

Mix of Residential Units to Meet a Broad Range of Incomes and Unit Tenure:
Stated Goal:
Provide $3 million fund for on-site housing affordability initiatives that target household
incomes of between $35,000 and $60,000.
The original 300-point evaluation matrix prepared by the municipality and used in the
original Request for Proposals (RFP) to evaluate prospective developers included a total
of 5 points for housing affordability (1.7% of the evaluation). There was little emphasis
on affordability as the RFP focused on amenities being requested by the municipality,
remediation concerns and the price of the land. Rightly, the municipality wanted to
ensure recovery of its associated costs and the base price of the land. There had been
several failed development proposals on this land before in large part because of the
clean-up costs. Given the allocation of points in the RFP under the triple bottom line
matrix, any developer emphasizing housing affordability would have risked the chance of
being selected.
In assessing the desire to create a diverse project, it was felt as the developers we needed
to address housing affordability as a component of triple bottom line community
developments. We therefore agreed to make a $3 million contribution towards a housing
affordability fund to be used to provide affordable-housing units (ownership) and non-
market units (rental). Under the Master Development Agreement, the target household
income levels were $30,000–60,000. The municipality provided leadership on this
important issue by agreeing to contribute 20% of the building permit fees to be collected
from construction at Dockside Green to the housing affordability fund. The approach by

both the municipality and developer was innovative and has resulted in affordable-
housing units being built on-site.
Status:
In consultation with the Dockside Housing Advisory Committee and the Capital Regional
Housing Authority, a Housing Affordability Strategy has been developed. All parties
involved in the Housing Affordability Strategy supported it. Under the strategy, 26 units
have been provided and integrated into Synergy and Balance as affordable-housing units
– 10% of the units. All 26 units have been sold. The diagram below shows the percentage
of units sold by household income. Note that lower household incomes were targeted
than originally planned.
In total, the subsidy the developer totaled approximately $800,000.

Over $100,000 was spent by the developer on the plans and in excess of $3 million was
raised. There were unexpected costs associated with affordable-housing units due to time
incurred by the CRD Housing Committee and legal costs associated with developing the
covenant for resale of affordable-housing units.
First Nations-Native People:

Stated Goal: Work with First Nations to develop historical signage of their past
connection to the lands.
Status: During the rezoning process, an event occurred where several First Nations
chiefs attended to celebrate the beginning of our relationship. We presented our
ecological written pledge to be good stewards of the land.
Encouraging a Sense of Connectedness:

Stated Goal: Provide various pedestrian, cycle and vehicle connections and intersections
and crossings, as committed under the Master Development Agreement.

Status:
The master plan continues to be refined, with connections being
expanded to the neighbouring community. Improvements include
the north/south greenway, numerous east/west pedestrian trails, a
crossing on Tyee Road, a safe interface between the Galloping
Goose Trail and Harbour Road and the upgrade of the Galloping
Goose. The greenway (north/south) trail has been designed and
about half of it has been completed during Synergy and Balance construction.
Design improvements on Tyee Road have been made to provide landscape “bulbs” and to
slow traffic. As a result, the pedestrian feel of Tyee Road will be improved and enhanced
by the addition of walk-up townhouses and the retail added to Synergy at the plaza and
the corner of Harbour and Tyee Roads. In Synergy, the plaza area and east/west
connection have been completed Consultation with the community has led to additional
public corridors. For instance, in Balance a new trail has been added to the south of the
buildings and a new trail added along the Bay Street Bridge.
Encouraging a Sense of Community:

Stated Goal:
Inspire a sense of community and establish a healthy working relationship with the local
community association, environmental groups and the business community

Status:
The Community Liaison Committee has been established and has met quarterly,
providing valuable community insights to the project. In addition, staff of the
municipality, Ministry of Environment and Capital Regional District have been very
supportive of our innovative approaches and have proposed new strategies to enhance the
triple bottom line elements of Dockside Green. A sense of community is being cultivated
and there has been a steady overwhelming acceptance expressed towards the
development during the numerous rezoning, community and development permit
meetings. We are committed to being open and transparent and to continuing to listen for
new opportunities to improve the development. We have arranged events and gatherings
for purchasers so they can meet each other and begin the process of creating community.
Our goal is to create a model of how developers, municipalities and community,
environment and business groups can work together to create sustainable developments.
Public Amenities:
Stated Goal: Provide the amenities that improve the livability of the development and
the surrounding community, including:
public art
dock and small boat launch
upgrade of Galloping Goose Trail
a sustainability centre on-site (Dockside Green agreed to work with non-profit
groups to establish this centre, committing $400,000 to it)
historical and environmental education signage on-site
amphitheatre, main plaza, Vista and Triangle pathway, playground, staircase from
the Johnson Street Bridge and public washrooms
Status:
The following is an update on the various amenities provided:
A First Nations totem pole has been commissioned and installed as well as the
“Shatters” a glass sculpture installed in the synergy Plaza. Updates and
modifications to the master plan have to better facilitate the use of the north end of
the Dockside site. The final plan, now built has a water taxi connection, sufficient

space for kayak, canoe or small boat launches, and enough area for pedestrians to
walk about. Connecting to this small boat launch and to the rest of the Dockside
site is the popular Galloping Goose Trail.
Currently, we are exploring the idea of providing public fitness stations along the
Galloping Goose Trail. These would be located just off the trail in a wood-chipped
area. These would be sit-up stations, push-up stations, chin-up stations, etc.
A fitness centre was added into Tower B of Synergy for residents Dockside Green
has spent approximately $100,000 in investigating the creation of a sustainability
centre. During 2008, several large non-profit organizations have come forward
expressing renewed interest in spearheading the planning and development of the
Victoria Sustainability Centre.
View Corridors and Open Space

Stated Goal: Continue to refine the master plan to
improve view corridors and open space.
Status: As a result of consultations with the Vic
West Community Association, the Planning
Department and approval support from Council
additional paths and view corridors have been added
between buildings. In addition, we implemented the
association’s suggestion to develop townhouses along
Tyee Road to improve the pedestrian feel of the street.
In Harmony, open spaces have been increased even
further as a result of community consultation and
input from municipal planning department.
Encouraging Innovations in Design and Sustainability

Stated Goal: Share our knowledge with other communities, developers and interested
parties to promote market transformation.
Status: One of Dockside Green’s initiatives from the beginning was to encourage similar
types of development in the private and public sectors around the globe by sharing the

Lessons learned.
Limits Impacts on Municipal Infrastructure and Utilities (Sewer, Water, Storm,

Roads and Landfill):
Stated Goal: Minimize impact on the municipal and the Capital Regional District
infrastructure and utility costs (for sewer, water, storm, roads and landfill).
Status: The development has succeeded in minimizing impacts on the municipal
infrastructure in many ways and has been a catalyst for encouraging other developments
to use some of our strategies.
Sewage: Dockside Green will not be using the city sewage system. Construction of the
plant has been completed in early 2008 and is now operational. Dockside Green is
treating its own sewage on-site. Staff has participated in several community forums to
showcase the benefits of the project’s system from a regional perspective, including its
reuse of treated water and extraction of heat and cooling from the sewage treatment plant.
Water: Dockside Green is expected to reduce potable water use because of the water-
efficient appliances in its buildings and its reuse of treated water from the sewage
treatment process. In total, more than 70 million gallons of water will be saved annually
on full build-out, the equivalent of the entire region’s water use on the driest day of the
year. In addition, the meters in each suite will measure hot and cold water use, which will
also reduce water consumption.
Storm water: Dockside Green will not be using the municipal storm water system.
Landfill: Dockside Green will produce less waste than typical developments,
contributing positively to regional landfill costs. We are on track to reduce over 93% of
our construction waste.
Roads: The various alternative transportation strategies will ensure the development has
less impact on traffic than a standard development, as confirmed by the traffic demand
study prepared by the municipality. We expect the car share program to be a catalyst for
the region. Improvements to the Galloping Goose Trail with bicycle storage and shower
facilities will increase bicycle usage. The car pooling and mini-transit will also result in a
positive reduction in traffic.

Preserve Our Heritage

Stated Goal: Work with the City of Victoria to preserve and move the historic building
on its site to Dockside Green, where it will be used as the sustainability centre, owned by
a non-profit entity.

6
6. Accrediting A Project –A Case
CHANDIGARH SECTOR-15
6.1. Introduction
6.2. About the city and planning philosophy
6.3. Accreditation
6.3.1. Credit check list
6.1. Introduction : Brief History
After the partition of British India into the two nations of India and Pakistan in 1947, the
region of Punjab was also split between India and Pakistan. The Indian state of Punjab
required a new capital city to replace Lahore, which became part of Pakistan during the
partition. After several plans to make additions to existing cities were found to be
infeasible for various reasons, the decision to construct a new and planned city was
undertaken
6.2. About the city and planning philosophy
Planning History of Chandigarh
Le Corbusier's Master Plan
The Master plan prepared by Le Corbusier was broadly similar to the one prepared
by the team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Novicki except that the
shape of the city plan was modified from one with a curving road network to
rectangular shape with a grid iron pattern for the fast traffic roads, besides
reducing its area for reason of economy.
The city plan was conceived as post war ‘Garden City’ wherein vertical and high
rise buildings were ruled out, keeping in view the socio economic-conditions and
living habits of the people.
Geography
Chandigarh is located near the foothills of the Shivalik range of the Himalayas in
Northwest India. It covers an area of approximately 114 km². and shares its borders with
the states of Haryana in the south and Punjab in the north. The exact cartographic co-
ordinates of Chandigarh are 30.74° N 76.79° E.[3] It has an average elevation of
321 metres (1053 feet). The surrounding districts are of Mohali and Ropar in Punjab and
Panchkula in Haryana. The boundary of the state of Himachal Pradesh are not too far
from its north.

Plan and Architecture-The City –An Overview
The City Derives Its Name From A Temple Of Goddess Chandi(The Chandi
Mandir) Located In Nearby Panchkula District Of Haryana. The Word Chandigarh
Literally Means "The Fort Of Chandi".
Chandigarh Is Known For Its High Standard Of Living With Highest Per Capita
Income In The Country And Tops The List Of Indian States And Union Territories
With A Human Development Index.
Chandigarh Has Two Satellite Cities (Both Of Which Share A Border With It):
Panchkula And Mohali. Sometimes, The Triangle Of These Three Cities Is
Collectively Called As The Chandigarh Tricity.
Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human
body:
o Capitol complex: head.
o City centre: heart of city.
o Educational and medical facilities: care of body.
o Industrial area: work place.
o Park areas: lungs of the city.
o Roads: arteries and veins of city.
Fig 6.1: Chandigarh city layout

Taking over from Albert Mayer, Le Corbusier produced a plan for Chandigarh that
conformed to the modernist city planning principles of CIAM, in terms of division of
urban functions, an anthropomorphic plan form, and a hierarchy of road and pedestrian
networks.
This vision of Chandigarh , contained in the innumerable conceptual maps on the

drawing board together with notes and sketches had to be translated into brick and
mortar. Le Corbusier retained many of the seminal ideas of Mayer and Nowicki, like the
basic framework of the master plan and its components: the Capitol, City Centre, besides
the University, Industrial area, and linear parkland.
Even the neighborhood unit was retained as the basic module of planning. However, the
curving outline of Mayer and Nowicki was reorganized into a mesh of rectangles, and the
buildings were characterized by an 'honesty of materials'. Exposed brick and boulder
stone masonry in its rough form produced unfinished concrete surfaces, in geometrical
structures. This became the architecture form characteristic of Chandigarh, set amidst
landscaped gardens and parks.
The city plan is laid down in a grid pattern. The whole city has been divided into
rectangular patterns, forming identical looking sectors, each sector measures 800 m x
1200 m.
The sectors were to act as self-sufficient neighbourhoods, each with its own market,
places of worship, schools and colleges - all within 10 minutes walking distance from
within the sector. The original two phases of the plan delineated sectors from 1 to 47,
with the exception of 13.
The Assembly, the secretariat and the high court, all located in Sector - 1 are the three
monumental buildings designed by Le Corbusier in which he showcased his architectural
genius to the maximum. The city was to be surrounded by a 16 kilometer wide greenbelt
that was to ensure that no development could take place in the immediate vicinity of the
town, thus checking suburbs and urban sprawl.

SECTOR PLANNING
The dimensions of the sector are derived from the “modular” conception. Introvert in
character, a sector is bounded by fast traffic roads running on its four sides and permitting
four vehicular entries into its interior. Each sector has a central green which is bisected by
shopping street. A loop road which distributed the traffic in the interior of the sector
intersects the shopping streets. The individual houses are approached by streets which
branch out of the loop road. The shops are located on the v4 roads which run north-west
to south-east across the sector.
The market of each sector communicates with those of the adjacent sectors, thus forming
a continuous ribbon like shopping street. The shops are located on the south-western side
of the v4 road to protect them from the direct sun and to eliminate the necessity of
crossing street frequently. The buildings are designed as three storey shops cum flats,
with shops on the ground floor and residential accommodation on the upper floors for the
shop owners. A continuous verandah runs in front of the shops. This not only protects the
shops from rain and sun but also provides a shaded walkway for the customers.
Each 'Sector' or the neighboured unit, measures 800mX1200m, covering 250 acres
of area.
Each Sector is surrounded by V-2 or V-3 roads, with no buildings opening on to
them. Access from the surrounding roads is available only at 4 controlled points,
which roughly mark the middle of each side.
Typically a sector is divided in four parts by a V-4 road running from east to west
and a V-5 road running from north to south.
These four parts are easily identifiable as A, B, C and D corresponding to North,
East, South and West sides.
Each sector is a self-sufficient unit having shops, school, health centers and places
of recreations and worship. The population of a sector varies between 3000 and
20000 depending upon the sizes of plots and the topography of the area.
Due to economic constraints, the master plan was to be realized in two phases,
catering to a total population of half a million. Phase-I consisting of 30 low
density sector spread over an area of 9000 acres (Sector 1 to 30) for 1,50,000

people whereas Phase-II consisting of 17 considerably high density Sectors (

Sectors 31 to 47) spread over an area of 6000 acres for a population of 3,50,000.
Now under the third phase i.e. sector 48 to 63 are under development as high
density sectors. apartment system is brought to cater the increasing demand of
houses in Chandigarh.
VEGETATION PLANNING:
Tree plantation and landscaping has been an integral part of the cities Master Plan.
Twenty six different types of flowering and 22 species of evergreen trees have
been planted along the roads, in parking areas, shopping complexes, residential
areas and in the city parks, to ameliorate the harsh climate of the region, especially
the hot and scorching summers.
ROADS:
Le- Corbusier’s System Of 7 Types Of Roads(7 V’s) For Different Kinds Of
Traffic Is First Of Its Kind In The Country.Roads For Fast Moving Traffic Are
Located At The Periphery Of Each Sector,With Shops At Various Places Are
Inside The Sector.
There Are Shaded Footpaths For Pedestrian S And Tracks For Cycles
The Sectors Were Linked To Each Other By A Road And Path Network
Developed Along The Line Of The 7 Vs, Or A Hierarchy Of Seven Types Of
Circulation Patterns.
At The Highest Point In This Network Was The V1, The Highways Connecting
The City To Others, And At The Lowest Were The V7s, The Streets Leading To
Individual Houses. Later A V8 Was Added: Cycle And Pedestrian Paths.
V1: Roads connecting Chandigarh with other cities like Ambala, Kharar and
Shimla. They have dual carriage way, good tree plantation and distinctive central
verge lighting. The Madhya Marg and Dakshin Marg are two roads which merge
into V-1s leading to Kalka and Ambala.
V2: They are the major avenues of Chandigarh, with important institutional and
commercial functions running alongside. In Chandigarh they are identifiable as
'Margs'. Madhya Marg, Dakshin Marg, Jan Marg, Himalaya Marg, Uttar Marg and
Purav Marg are important examples.

V3: They are the corridor-streets for fast moving vehicular traffic. A Sector is
surrounded either by V-2 or V-3 roads.
V4: Roads bisecting the Sectors with shopping complexes located along their
southern edge
V5: Roads meandering through the Sector giving access to its inner lands.
V6: Roads coming off of the V-5s and leading to the residential houses.
V7: They are intended for pedestrian movement and run through the middle of the
sectors in the green areas. A few examples along the Jan Marg and in the Punjab
University exists, otherwise not well developed at present
V8: They Are Intended To Run Parallel With V-7s For The Bi-Cycles. Not
Properly Developed, As Yet. This Arrangement of Road-Use Leads To A
Remarkable Hierarchy Of Movement, Which Also Ensures That The Residential
Areas Are Segregated From The Noise And Pollution of Traffic
Success of the city can be depicted by the following Fact File:
Number 1 in the country in terms of Human Development Index

Chandigarh has been rated as the “Wealthiest Town” of India. In terms of family
wealth, it was rated as the sixth most prosperous city.
Good Governance- A compact, efficient Administration having Quick Decision
making system.
Bank Deposits- USD 4 billion with 227 branches
Education: 109 government schools are there including primary, model and non
model schools out of which 41 are senior secondary school. 31 private secondary
schools are also functioning. 2 universities and 5 under graduate colleges are there
in education system
Health: 5 Big Govt. Hospitals in the City
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is growing @ 16.06% in the year 2004-05 against
all India Growth of 8.2%.

ARCHITECTURE CONTROLS
A suitable conglomeration of natural and built environment is essential for every
sustainable habitation. Chandigarh's sustainability stems from its modern urbanism
planned in harmony with the elements. Unlike old towns and cities of India, it was
planned as a new city unfettered by the traditions of the past, a symbol of India's new
found freedom and a step into the future. A number of factors have contributed to its
sustainability:
A City with a goal
The city was planned as an administrative center assuring all amenities to all classes of
people to lead a dignifies life. The city achieved this agenda with aplomb precision.
However, the quest doesn't end here. The city continues to grow in response to its
people's needs and happily, this growth is regulated through an edict to prolong its
sustainability.
Suitable Site with climate responsive Architecture
The location of the site of the city has contributed immensely to its sustainability. It had a
number of natural advantages such as stability (bearing capacity of soil), favourable
water supply conditions, natural ground slope, inexhaustible supply of building materials
in the vicinity etc. The city has an extreme climate-cold winters warm dry summers and
the humid monsoon season. Accordingly, the architectural vocabulary for the city's
physical environment includes vernacular shading devices and features such as sunshades
(chajjas), fenestrations, parasols, louvers, verandahs, brick jails & courtyards all aimed at
natural climate control at micro level.
The city is mostly built in brick, stone and shutter finish concrete, which is not only
available in abundance locally but also translates into provocative aesthetic forms.
Besides, the less maintenance cost of material furthers the cause of sustainability.

Labour intensive Development with

Eco Friendly Techniques
The skyline of the city is predominantly

four storeyed achieved through cheap &
plentiful manpower. This was also in
consonance with the low economy and
stringent budget for the new capital. Fig 6.2: A commercial block in sector
Infact, the low cost materials and techniques employed in building construction served as
a model in other parts of the nation also. Standardisation of building components such as
the roof spans, lintel size, door and window opening size and shape ensured quality and
cost control.
Fig 6.3: Layout plan of sector-15, Chandigarh

Located on the north-west side on the master plan of city of Chandigarh, this sector was
part of the initial phase-1 of the development.
The sector is self-sufficient with basic civic amenities and mixed land use as well as
mixed income users.
The sector has almost all the basic characteristics common with the rest of the sectors like
A neighbourhood centre.
Shopping street & markets.
Schools.
Parks.
Mixed housing.
Playgrounds.
Civic Centres.

6.3. Accreditation
6.3. 1 Credit check list
Project Checklist for LEED Accreditation of Chandigarh-Sector 15.
Table 6.1: Accreditation table for LEED-ND Certification

Table 6.2: Accreditation table for LEED-ND Certification

Assumptions and explanations:
Given the fact that there is as such no rating system called LEED for existing
neighbourhood, like the one we have for buildings as LEED for existing buildings, for the
purpose of academic understanding the sector under study is assumed to be left for
development in phase 2 with the adjacent sectors been developed.

Proceedings over the accreditation:

The Project is fore mostly cross checked for the various prerequisite under the
following head:
o Smart Location and Linkage.
Prerequisite 1 Smart Location
Prerequisite 2 Imperilled Species and Ecological Communities
Prerequisite 3 Wetland and Water Body Conservation
Prerequisite 4 Agricultural Land Conservation
Prerequisite 5 Floodplain Avoidance
o Neighbourhood Pattern and Design
Prerequisite 1 Walk able Streets
Prerequisite 2 Compact Development
Prerequisite 3 Connected and Open Community
o Green Infrastructure and Buildings
Prerequisite 1 Certified Green Building
Prerequisite 2 Minimum Building Energy Efficiency
Prerequisite 3 Minimum Building Water Efficiency
Prerequisite 4 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention
And was found qualified for the accreditation purpose.Then the sector was evaluated for
various possible credits and the credits were divided into 3 categories as
Points Gained-40 points out of 110 possible points were achieved.
Points like to achieve – 56 points out of 110 possible points
Points not possible - 14 points out of 110 possible points.
The major reason for the 14 not possible points is that some points are specifically
available for projects in US only.
RESULTS:
With the existing layout and infrastructure the site sector is able to achieve some 40
points and hence falls in the category of “Certified” for neighbourhood development
LEED certification, but with some financial inputs and strong will to achieve other likely
to achieve points (57 in numbers) be added into the credit list & assuming(out of
experience with a LEED AP) that out of the above 50% could be really achieved the total

sums up to some way around 68 which suggests that the project could qualify for the
GOLD rating or else with slight financial input SILVER rating is achievable easily.
There need to be few simulations for energy efficiency and water efficiency.
The Project was able to achieve following points with the existing setup:
In the Section-I: Smart links & locations
• 5 points for preferred locations
• 2 points for Housing and job proximity
• 1 point each for steep slope protection, site design for habitat or wetland and water
body conservation & restoration of habitat or wetlands and water bodies.
In Section-II: Neighbourhood Pattern & Design
• 4 points each for Compact development & Mixed use neighbourhood centres
• 2 points each for Mixed-income diverse community, Street network & Tree lined
and shaded streets.
• 1 point each for Reduced parking footprints, Access to civic and public spaces,
Access to recreational facilities, Visitability and universal design &
Neighbourhood schools.
In Section-III: Green Infrastructure and Buildings.
• 2 points for Storm-water management
• 1 point each for Building water efficiency, Water efficient landscaping, Heat
island reduction, Solar orientation, Waste water management & Solid waste
management infrastructure
• Lastly in the Innovation and design process there is a 3 points earnings.
Similarly there are few points as well which cannot be earned because of some or the
other reasons like non-applicability etc... Like
• 4 points missed for Regional priority credits as they are only available for US
based projects.
• 2 points missed for preferred locations & Brownfield redevelopment.
• 1 point missed for Existing building use, Historic resource preservation and
adaptive reuse & recycled content in infrastructure, Transit facilities, Local food
production

7
7. Conclusion , Recommendations & Future Scope
7.1. Conclusions
7.2. Recommendations
7.3. Scope for future works.

Conclusions, recommendations & future scope of work:
This seminar work proves to be a guide for understanding Green Neighbourhood in a part
to whole manner. The seminar tries to incorporate almost every aspect related to
designing and execution of LEED-ND which lies within the scope of the seminar.
The challenge the construction sector is facing today is not only to find the best balance
between the various contemporary constraints of the building act (technical, architectural,
social or economic constraints) but also to endeavor to favor "decisions without regret" in
the compromise solutions that the building act necessitates at every moment in the life
cycle of a building, and especially in the construction phase.
The work demand on the sustainable projects could be generated on two factors:
1. There exists enough demand from the developer or client side for the sustainable,
either because of the understanding of the benefits of such development both on
long and short term basis. For generating such demand education and
dissemination of the practises adopted and intent of the exercise is what is the need
of the hour and is the true way to carry the knowledge and wisdom ahead in the
future generations.
However as if now the awareness in not available, accessible and well interpreted
even amongst the building industry professional and all the parties involved.
The designers should be at liberty to apply the concept of sustainable development
and as discussed previously in the seminar that there exist 2 types of sustainability
–weak and strong, the later should always be aimed at without compromise and
manufactures should take up the life cycle cost reduction as the basis of product
designing, manufacturing and marketing as well.
2. There exists legal framework which guides the developer to go for such projects.
The crux is that there should be some level of enforcement from the authority over
the developers and other funding agencies that foster the development of
sustainable green neighbourhood.

The driving force for the developers, for such an attempt could be the tax benefits,
FAR relaxations, subsidy, expertise facilitation etc…
As evident from the present day market of green buildings that the various MNCs
are looking for space for their business expansion mostly in green buildings
because of the policy formulation in their native countries (generally developed
nations) and out of socio-corporate responsibility. This is guiding the developers
to come up with such projects and they are even asking for comparatively more
money for the space as over an ordinary built space, which in turn is easily paid by
the companies in need.
The study showed as that the potential of achieving a sustainable built environment is
quite high when we talk about the neighbourhood more so ever it’s a holistic approach
for the application of concept of sustainability because of the fact that the neighbourhood
consists of multiple land use. Most of the things are decided at the very design stage and
governs various aspects of living and well being. So there lies a potential for making the
things right at a preliminary stage and subsequent level.
The study also led us to conclude that as the cities continue to grow - the sprawl becomes
a major source of problems and unnecessary spread out of the city should be checked as it
leads to wastage of resources and time of the end user and may result in loss of
performance.Debates around the desirability and possibilities of sustainable communities
take place against the background of four linked phenomenon: climate change,
urbanization, economic growth and globalization.
In short, there has been a fundamental shift in the way that many people relate to, and
experience, the world. As a planet we are living beyond our means. We have not been
able to create on any scale ways of living in the world that allow people to share properly,
and that do not damage the well-being of future generations.
A 'sustainable city’ of which a neighbourhood is a basic unit of integration is organized

so as to enable all its citizens to meet their own needs and to enhance their well-being
without damaging the natural world or endangering the living conditions of other people,
now or in the future.(Girardet 1999: 13)

This definition has a number of things going for it. It places people and their long term
needs at the centre. These include:
• Good quality air and water, health food and good housing.
• Good quality education, a vibrant culture, good health care, satisfying employment
or occupations and a sharing of wealth.
• Safety in public places, equal opportunities, freedom of expression and catering
for the needs of the young, the old and the disabled.
This is clearly a greener and more inclusive approach to sustainability than exists within
the current policies of most countries. It looks to the environment and to economics and
to social relationships and social justice. As such it is a more hopeful vision – and this,
we believe, is vital to education and community development. Without hope, we easily
lose direction and the capacity to find it. Hope, 'buffers us against falling into apathy in
the face of tough going'.
Future scope of work:
The work could be carried forward in various ways:
1. Integrating the concepts especially for the Indian context as mentioned in the
LEED requirement for neighbourhood development.
2. Integration of various neighbourhoods amongst themselves as it finally takes us to
the next level of making cities green-challenges and issues.
3. Carry out Simulation of various components on the scale of a neighbourhood and
compare the same with an existing non-green neighbourhood.
4. Carry out a socio-economic well being survey to ascertain and examine the impact
and make tangible results out with it to prove the point of holistic development.
5. Formulate out some standard means of practice and performance for a sustainable
development.
6. Economic feasibility and benefits of developing such places for the various actors
of developments like the developer, government, end user, facilitators etc.

REFERENCES:
Published Works:
• Sustainable communities and neighbourhoods. theory, policy and practice- infed

• Future Forms and Design for Sustainable Cities-Mike Jenks and Nicola Dempsey
• Energy Manual-Sustainable Architecture-Hegger, Fuchs, Stark, Zeumer
• Sustainable Practices in the built environment-Craig A.Langston, Grace K.C. Ding
• Environment, Technology & Sustainability-Hocine Boughdah & Stephen Sharples
• Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature: Douglas-Farr
• Great-Neighbourhoods-How-to-Bring-Them-Home
• Neighbourhood Handbook
• Green Building Handbook- guide to building products and their impact on the
environment byTom Woolley, Queens University of Belfast Sam Kimmins, Paul
Harrison and Rob Harrison ECRA, Manchester, ISBN 0-419-22690-7.
• City planning and realities- A case study of Chandigarh by Bipin Kumar Malik
Assistant Professor Chandigarh College of Architecture,Chandigarh – India
Un-published Works:
• Project specific compliance to LEED green building-by Prajakta Bakshi.

• Green Building-An Integrated approach-by Neha Gupta, 403/MBEM, SPA New
Delhi
• Holistic Approach to sustainable buildings (Thesis work) By Tanushree Mohanty
May 2006
• Strategies for sustainable practices in building projects (Thesis work) By Jyothi
Subray Hegde, Jan 2003
• Sustainable development related to building projects (Thesis work) By Dependra
Gabryal, May 2002
• Sustainable site planning and management during project implementation-by Divya
Vishwanathan, BEM 417, SPA

Web Sites:
http://www.sustainablebuildingcentre.com
http://www.energydesignresources.com/Resources/Publications/PublicationLibrary//
http://www.buildnova.com/
http://greenbuildingelements.com
www.wbdg.org/design/envelope.
www.buildinggreen.com
www.greenbuilding.com/ www.breeam.org
www.usgbc.org/ www.igbc.org/ www.terin.org
www.wiley.com/go/sustainable construction

A
Appendices
Appendix 1: Diverse use as per LEED ND ratings

Appendix: 2 Glossaries for LEED neighbourhood development ratings-2009

APPENDIX: 1
APPENDIX FOR DIVERSE USE:
Food Retail
Supermarket
Other food store with produce
Community-Serving Retail
Clothing store or department store selling clothes
Convenience store
Farmer’s market
Hardware store
Pharmacy
Other retail
Services
Bank
Gym, health club, exercise studio
Hair care
Laundry, dry cleaner
Restaurant, café, diner (excluding establishments with only drive-throughs)
Civic and Community Facilities
Adult or senior care (licensed)
Child care (licensed)
Community or recreation centre
Cultural arts facility (museum, performing arts)
Educational facility (including K–12 school, university, adult education centre,
vocational school, community college)
Family entertainment venue (theatre, sports)
Government office that serves public on-site
Place of worship
Medical clinic or office that treats patients
Police or fire station
Post office
Public library
Public park
Social services centre
Adapted from Criterion Planners, INDEX neighbourhood completeness indicator, 2005.

APPENDIX: 2
GLOSSARY FOR LEED NEIGHBOURHOOD DEVELOPMENT RATINGS-2009
KEY DEFINITIONS
1. Adjacent site a site having at least 25% of its boundary bordering parcels that are
each at least 75% previously developed. A Street or other right-of-way does not
constitute previously developed land; instead, it is the status of the property on the
other side of the street or right-of-way that matters. Any fraction of the boundary
that borders waterfront other than a stream is excluded from the calculation. A site
is still considered adjacent if the 25% adjacent portion of its boundary is separated
from previously developed parcels by undeveloped, permanently protected land
averaging no more than 400 feet in width and no more than 500 feet in any one
place. The undeveloped land must be permanently preserved as natural area,
riparian corridor, park, greenway, agricultural land, or designated cultural
landscape. Permanent pedestrian paths connecting the project through the
protected parcels to the bordering site may be counted to meet the requirement of
SLL Prerequisite 1, Option 2 (that the project be connected to the adjacent parcel
by a through-street or non-motorized right-of-way every 600 feet on average,
provided the path or paths traverse the undeveloped land at no more than a 10%
grade for walking by persons of all ages and physical abilities).
2. Connectivity the number of publicly accessible street intersections per square
mile, including intersections of streets with dedicated alleys and transit rights-of-
way, and intersections of streets with non-motorized rights-of way (up to 20% of
total intersections). If one must both enter and exit an area through the same
intersection, such an intersection and any intersections beyond that point are not
counted; intersections leading only to culs-de-sac are also not counted. The
calculation of square mileage excludes water bodies, parks larger than 1/2 acre,
public facility campuses, airports, rail yards, slopes over 15%, and areas non-

buildable under codified law or the rating system. Street rights-of-way may not be
excluded
3. Infill site a site that meets any of the following four conditions:
a. At least 75% of its boundary borders parcels that individually are at least
50% previously developed, and that in aggregate are at least 75%
previously developed.
b. The site, in combination with bordering parcels, forms an aggregate parcel
whose boundary is 75% bounded by parcels that individually are at least
50% previously developed, and that in aggregate are at least 75%
previously developed.
c. At least 75% of the land area, exclusive of rights-of-way, within a 1/2 mile
distance from the project boundary is previously developed.
d. The lands within a 1/2 mile distance from the project boundary have a pre-
project connectivity of at least 140 intersections per square mile.
4. A Street or other right-of-way does not constitute previously developed land; it is
the status of property on the other side or right-of-way of the street that matters.
For conditions (a) and (b) above, any fraction of the perimeter that borders
waterfront other than a stream is excluded from the calculation.
a. Infill project site based on minimum 75% of perimeter adjacent to
previously developed parcels
b. Infill project site based on minimum 75% adjacent to previously developed
parcels using project boundary and selected bordering parcels
5. Connectivity: the number of publicly accessible street intersections per square
mile, including intersections of streets with dedicated alleys and transit rights-of-
way, and intersections of streets with non motorized rights-of way (up to 20% of
total intersections). If one must both enter and exit an area through the same
intersection, such an intersection and any intersections beyond that point are not
counted; intersections leading only to cul-de-sac are also not counted. The
calculation of square mileage excludes water bodies, parks larger than 1/2 acre,
public facility campuses, airports, rail yards, slopes over 15%, and areas

nonbuildable under codified law or the rating system. Street rights-of-way may not
be excluded
6. Previously: developed altered by paving, construction, and/or land use that would
typically have required regulatory permitting to have been initiated (alterations
may exist now or in the past). Previously developed land includes a platted lot on
which a building was constructed if the lot is no more than 1 acre; previous
development on lots larger than 1 acre is defined as the development footprint and
land alterations associated with the footprint. Land that is not previously
developed and altered landscapes resulting from current or historical clearing or
filling, agricultural or forestry use, or preserved natural area use are considered
undeveloped land. The date of previous development permit issuance constitutes
the date of previous development, but permit issuance in itself does not constitute
previous development.
ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS:
Accessory dwelling unit: a subordinate dwelling unit that is attached to a principal
building or contained in a separate structure on the same property as the principal unit.
adapted (or introduced) plant a species that reliably grows well in a given habitat with
minimal attention from humans in the form of winter protection, pest protection, water
irrigation, or fertilization once its root systems are established in the soil. Adapted plants
are low maintenance but not invasive.
Alley: a publicly accessible right-of-way, generally located midblock, that can
accommodate slow-speed motor vehicles, as well as bicycles and pedestrians. An alley
provides access to the side or rear of abutting properties for loading, parking, and other
service functions, minimizing the need for these functions to be located along streets. It
may be publicly dedicated or privately owned and deeded in perpetuity for general public
use.
Applicant: the entity that prepares the LEED-ND project submission and is responsible
for project implementation. An applicant may be the developer or another cooperating
entity.

Area median income: the median income of a county as determined by the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development.
bicycle network: a continuous network consisting of any combination of physically
designated in-street bicycle lanes at least 5 feet wide, off-street bicycle paths or trails at
least 8 feet wide for a two-way path and at least 5 feet wide for a one-way path, and/or
streets designed for a target speed of 25 miles per hour or slower.
Block: land bounded by the project boundary, transportation or utility rights-of-way that
may be publicly dedicated or privately owned and deeded in perpetuity for general public
use, waterfront, and/or comparable land division features.
Brownfield: real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be
complicated by the presence or possible presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or
contaminate.
Build-out: the time at which all habitable buildings on the project are complete and
ready for occupancy.
Bus rapid transit: an enhanced bus system that operates on exclusive bus lanes or other
transit rights-of-way; it is designed to combine the flexibility of buses with the efficiency
of rail.
Community-supported agriculture (CSA): a farm operation for which a community of
individuals pledges support so that the farmland becomes, either legally or informally, the
community’s farm. The growers and consumers provide mutual support, sharing the risks
and benefits of food production. Consumers receive portions of the farm’s harvest
throughout the growing season.
Construction impact zone: the project’s development footprint plus the areas around the
improvement where construction crews, equipment, and/or materials are staged and
moved during construction.
Covenants, conditions, and restrictions: limitations that may be placed on a property
and its use and are made a condition of holding title or lease.
Cul-de-sac: a street segment that terminates without intersecting another street segment.
Cultural landscape: an officially designated geographic area that includes both cultural
and natural resources associated with a historic event, activity, or person or that exhibits
other significant cultural or aesthetic values.

Density: the amount of building structures constructed on the project site, measured for
residential buildings as dwelling units per acre of buildable land available for residential
uses, and for non-residential buildings as the floor-area ratio of buildable land area
available for non residential uses. In both cases, structured parking is excluded.
Developer: a public and/or private entity that controls a majority of the project’s
buildable land and is committed to making a majority of the investments required for the
project implementation described in the LEED-ND submission.
Development footprint: the total land area of a project site covered by buildings, streets,
parking areas, and other typically impermeable surfaces constructed as part of the project.
Dwelling unit: living quarters intended for long-term occupancy that provide facilities
for cooking, sleeping, and sanitation. This does not include hotel rooms.
Employment centre: a non-residential area of at least 5 acres with a job density of at
least 50 employees per net acre.
Existing: present on the date of submission of LEED-ND certification documents;
similarly, an element or condition that exists is present on the date that LEED-ND
certification documents are submitted.
Floor-area ratio (FAR): the density of nonresidential land use, exclusive of parking,
measured as the total nonresidential building floor area divided by the total buildable
land area available for nonresidential structures. For example, on a site with 10,000
square feet of buildable land area, an FAR of 1.0 would be 10,000 square feet of building
floor area. On the same site, an FAR of 1.5 would be 15,000 square feet of built floor
area; an FAR of 2.0 would be 20,000 built square feet and an FAR of 0.5 would be 5,000
built square feet.
Functional entry: a building opening designed to be used by pedestrians and open
during regular business hours. This does not include any door exclusively designated as
an emergency exit, or a garage door not designed as a pedestrian entrance.
Gray water: untreated wastewater that has not come into contact with toilet waste.
Graywater includes used water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom washbasins, and water
from clothes washers and laundry tubs. It does not include wastewater from kitchen sinks
or dishwashers, unless a graywater definition established by the authority having
jurisdiction in the area has precedence.

Habitable building: a structure intended for living, working, or other types of

occupancy. Habitable structures do not include stand-alone garages and utility structures
such as pump stations.
Heat island: thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas.
Historic building: a building or structure listed or determined to be eligible as a historic
structure or building or structure or as a contributing building or structure in a designated
historic district, due to its historic, architectural, engineering, archaeological, or cultural
significance. The building or structure must be designated as historic by a local historic
preservation review board or similar body, be listed in a state register of historic places,
be listed in the National Register of Historic Places, or have been determined eligible for
listing in the National Register.
Historic district: a group of buildings, structures, objects, and sites, of varying sizes, that
have been designated as historically and architecturally significant and categorized as
either contributing or non contributing.
Home Energy Rating System (HERS) index a scoring system established by the
Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) in which a home built to the
specifications of the HERS Reference Home (based on the 2006 International Energy
Conservation Code) scores 100, and a net zero energy home scores 0. The lower a
home’s HERS Index, the more energy efficient it is.
Invasive plant: either an indigenous or nonindigenous species or strain that is
characteristically adaptable, aggressive, has a high reproductive capacity, and tends to
overrun the ecosystems it inhabits.
metropolitan (metro) and micropolitan (micro) statistical area a geographic entity
defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget for use by federal statistical
agencies in collecting, tabulating, and publishing federal statistics. A metro area contains
a core urban area with a population of 50,000 or more, and a micro area contains an
urban core with a population between 10,000 and 50,000. Each metro or micro area
consists of one or more counties and includes the counties containing the core urban area,
as well as any adjacent counties that have a high degree of social and economic
integration (as measured by commuting to work) with the urban core. “Core-based
statistical area” (CBSA) encompasses both metro and micro areas.

Multiunit residential: consisting of four or more residential units sharing a common

entry.
Native (or indigenous) plant: a plant species that did or would have occurred on the site
or within the subject county prior to the widespread land alterations that accompanied
European settlement. Cultivars of native plants may be considered native plants.
Park: a publicly accessible area that is permanently maintained in a seminatural
condition for human recreation and relaxation; it has soil, grass, water, flora, and/or
recreation improvements.
Paseo: a publicly accessible pedestrian path, at least 4 feet wide and no more than 12 feet
wide, that provides shortcuts between buildings and through the block, connecting street
frontages to rear parking areas, midblock courtyards, alleys, or other streets. A paseo may
be roofed for up to 50% of its length and may be privately owned or publicly dedicated.
Planned diverse use: a shop, service, or facility outside the project boundary that has
received a building permit and is under construction at the time of the first certificate of
occupancy is issued for any building in the LEED-ND project.
Planned occupancy: the highest estimate of building occupants based on planned use(s)
and industry standards for square foot requirements per employee. The minimum planned
occupancy for multiunit residential buildings is 1 person for a studio unit, 1.5 persons for
a one-bedroom unit, and 1.25 persons per bedroom for a two- bedroom or larger unit.
Plaza: a publicly accessible gathering space that is integrated into the street network and
allows vehicular, bicycle, and/or pedestrian travel. A plaza is generally paved, is spatially
defined by building fronts paralleling at least two thirds of its perimeter, and may be
privately owned or publicly dedicated.
Postconsumer: generated by households or commercial, industrial, or institutional
facilities in their role as endusers of a product, which can no longer be used for its
intended purpose.
Potable water: water that meets or exceeds EPA’s drinking water quality standards and
is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it
may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems.

Pre-consumer: diverted from the waste stream during the manufacturing process. It does
not include the reutilization of materials such as rework, regrind or scrap generated in a
process and capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated it.
Predevelopment: before any development occurred on the site. Predevelopment
conditions describe the natural conditions of the site prior to any human alteration, such
as development of roads or buildings.
Previously developed site: a site that, preproject, consisted of at least 75% previously
developed land.
Pre-project: before the LEED-ND project was initiated, but not necessarily before any
development or disturbance took place. Preproject conditions describe the state of the
project site on the date the developer acquired rights to a majority of its buildable land
through purchase or option to purchase.
Prime soil: earth with chemical, hydro graphic, and topological properties that make it
especially suited to the production of crops, as defined by the U.S. Natural Resources
Conservation Service.
Project: the land, water, and construction that constitutes the project application. A
project applicant does not have to own or control all land or water within a project
boundary, but all the area within the project boundary must comply with prerequisites
and attempted credits.
Project boundary: the platted property line of the project defining land and water within
it. Projects located on publicly owned campuses that do not have internal property lines
must delineate a sphere-of-influence line to be used instead. Project site is equivalent to
the land and water inside the project boundary. The project must not contain non
contiguous parcels, but parcels can be separated by public rights-of-way. Projects may
also have enclaves of non project properties that are not subject to the rating system, but
such enclaves cannot exceed 2% of the total project area and cannot be described as
certified.
School: a kindergarten, elementary, or secondary institution for the academic instruction
of children.
Single-family residential: any residential unit other than multiunit residential, including
single, duplex, triplex, row house, townhouse and semiattached residential building types.

Street: a dedicated right-of-way that can accommodate one or more modes of travel,
excluding alleys and paseos. A street is suitable for primary entrances and provides
access to the front and/or sides of buildings and lots. A street may be privately owned as
long as it is deeded in perpetuity for general public use. A street must be an addressable
thoroughfare (for mail purposes) under the standards of the applicable regulating
authority.
Square: (also green) a publicly accessible open area for gatherings that is wholly or
partially bounded by segments of the street network. A square can be landscaped or
landscaped and paved, is spatially defined by building fronts paralleling at least 45% of
its perimeter, and may be privately owned or publicly dedicated.
Unique soil: earth with chemical, hydro graphic, and topological properties that make it
especially suited to specific crops, as defined by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation
Service.
Walk distance: the distance that a pedestrian must travel between origins and
destinations without obstruction, in a safe and comfortable environment on a continuous
network of sidewalks, all-weather-surface footpaths, crosswalks, woonerfs, or equivalent
pedestrian facilities.
Water body: the surface water of a stream (first-order and higher, including intermittent
streams), arroyo, river, canal, lake, estuary, bay, or ocean, excluding irrigation ditches
Water and wastewater infrastructure: publicly owned water and wastewater
infrastructure; this excludes septic and mound wastewater treatment systems.
Wetland: an area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency
and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a
prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands
generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas, but exclude irrigation
ditches unless delineated as part of an adjacent wetland.
Woonerf: a street, also known as a home zone, shared zone, or living street, where
pedestrians have priority over vehicles and the posted speed limit is no greater than 10
miles per hour. Physical elements within the roadway, such as shared surfaces, plantings,
street furniture, parking, and play areas, slow traffic and invite pedestrians to use the
entire right-of-way.

Vehicle miles travelled (VMT): the number of miles driven by motorists in a specified
time period, such as a day or a year, in absolute or per capita terms.

Seminar-1-Sustainable Neighbour Hood &amp; Green Rating System-Abhishek Jain

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Seminar-1-Sustainable Neighbour Hood &amp; Green Rating System-Abhishek Jain

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Practices for a

Depa rtme nt of Bu il ding Engin eeri ng a nd Ma nag emen t

School of Planning and Architecture

Depa rtme nt of Bu il ding Engin eeri ng a nd Ma nag emen t

School of Planning and Architecture

Depa rtme nt of Bu il ding Engin eeri ng a nd Ma nag emen t

School of Planning and Architecture

This is to certify that the project seminar titled “PRACTICES FOR A

Place: New Delhi

Place: New Delhi Place: New Delhi

I also wish to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. V. Thiruvengadam,

NEW DELHI ABHISHEK JAIN

1.1. Need of the study

2.1. Appraisals of published books/reports/thesis/papers

4. CHAPTER-4-LEED NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT 57-143

5. CHAPTER-5-CASE STUDY 144-182

5.1. Introduction- LEED Neighborhood Development-Dockside Green - Victoria, British

6. CHAPTER-6-ACCREDIT TOWNSHIP FOR LEED-NEIGHBORHOOD

7. CHAPTER-7-CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS & FUTURE SCOPE196-199

S. No. Table No. Description

S. No. Table No. Description

Environmentally responsible buildings and infrastructure are an important component of any

India is witnessing tremendous growth in infrastructure and construction development. The

Chapter 1: Introduces with the importance of Sustainable development & Green

Chapter 4: An understanding of LEED neighborhood development, Introduction to the LEED

Principles of neighbourhood Planning:

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 2

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 3

Fig 1-1: Sustainability Index.

1.2: Need of the study

India is witnessing tremendous growth in infrastructure and construction

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 4

systems for the purpose of their accreditation to LEED Neighbourhood

The objectives of this study are

Define aim, objectives, scope & limitations.

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 5

Fig 1-2: Methodology Chart

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 6

2.1 Appraisal of published books/reports/thesis/papers

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 7

CHAPTER – 2- LITERATURE REVIEWS.

2.1: Appraisal of published books/reports/thesis/papers

Documents, Codes & Standards –

2. Energy Manual-Sustainable Architecture-Hegger, Fuchs, Stark, Zeumer

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 8

3. Sustainable Practices in the built environment-Craig A.Langston, Grace K.C. Ding

4. Environment, Technology & Sustainability-Hocine Boughdah & Stephen Sharples

5. Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature: Douglas-Farr

Written by the chair of the LEED-Neighbourhood Development (LEED-ND)

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 9

Railroad Square in Santa Rosa, California and Dongtan, Shanghai, China. An

2.2: Appraisal of unpublished books/reports/thesis/papers

Unpublished books, thesis & seminars –

1. Project specific compliance to LEED green building-by Prajakta Bakshi.

3. Holistic Approach to sustainable buildings (Thesis work) By Tanushree Mohanty May

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 10

5. Sustainable development related to building projects (Thesis work) By Dependra

6. Sustainable site planning and management during project implementation-by Divya

2.3: Web Sites:

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 11

SPA|NS|BEM|467 | MBEM | SPA 2010 PAGE | 12

CHAPTER – 3- NEIGHBOURHOOD & SUSTAINABILITY

PPP-People, Planet & Profit…………………………………………………………

Seminar-1-Sustainable Neighbour Hood & Green Rating System-Abhishek Jain

Seminar-1-Sustainable Neighbour Hood & Green Rating System-Abhishek Jain