pe 6|7|3|5|//\o|41,"" 6735/01 ca Edexcel GCE a Physics LJ tj Advanced Level foes] tans = Unit Test PHYS : = g Wednesday 21 January 2009 — Morning 2] — | Time: 1 hour Materials required for examination Items included with question papers Nil Nil Instructions to Candidates {__ In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(S) and signature. Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided in this question paper. In calculations you should show all the steps in your working, giving your answer at each stage. Calculators may be used, Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful, Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: €.g. (2). | There are six questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 40, The list of data, formulae and relationships is printed at the end of this booklet. Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling, 1 TI | fy Toul) | Soov tases bined Turn over w20575ea—MININMIEITIITTMIMIT cece Wasonerssi7s70 advancing learning, changing livesBLANK PAGE VOT AA SLAD AT METAL TY NINLeave blank 1. (a) State Newton’s law for the gravitational force between point masses Q2) (b) Anasteroid of mass 1.0 x 10!” kg, which one day might collide with the Earth, is to be deflected from its path using a spacecraft as a ‘gravity tractor’. The tractor, of mass 2.0 x 10° kg, will take up position beside the asteroid with its centre of gravity 150 m from that of the asteroid. (i) Show that the force of gravitational attraction between the asteroid and the tractor will be about 0.6.N. a) (ii) Determine the acceleration of the asteroid as a result of this gravitational force. Acceleration = Q) (iii) If the asteroid had only half the stated mass, what mass of tractor would be needed to produce the same acceleration? Mass w a (Total 7 marks) (AREA 00 A A Turn overLeave blank 2. A student intends to investigate the electrical conduction properties of @ Bunsen burner flame using a pair of metal plates. A potential difference of 6.0 V is applied across the plates while they are held a fixed distance of 4.0 cm apart. The arrangement is shown in the diagram. <——4.0 cem——_¥} [7 +6.0V ov [ (a) (i) The electric field strength between the plates can be measured either in V mv! or in NC", Show that these two sets of units are equivalent, Q) (ii) On the diagram above, sketch the 3.0 V and 4.0 V equipotential between the plates. Label each line with its value. Jes in the region Q) 0 0(b) The Bunsen flame is now positioned between the plates. Positive ions and electrons in the flame are acted on by the electric field. (i) Assuming the electric field between the plates remains uniform, calculate the magnitude of the force exerted on a single electron in the flame, Force = GB) (ii) A sensitive meter in the arrive per second on the pos cireuit records a current of 8.0 nA. How many electrons ve plate? Number (Total 8 marks) Turn overLeave blank 3. (a) A ‘super capacitor” of capacitance 10 F is charged to a potential difference of 2.5 V. (i) Show that the energy stored is approximately 30 J. “a (ii) The capacitor is a cylinder 2.9 cm long, with a diameter of 1.0 cm, Calculate the energy stored per unit volume in J m*, 3 Energy per unit Volume = ..csernconnennneeee JM Q) ‘WU (ON 000blank (b) A student uses the capacitor to supply current to a lamp rated 2.5 V, 0.2 A. The capacitor is first charged to 2.5 V using the circuit shown, The switch S is then opened so that the capacitor discharges through the lamp. The student uses a stop-clock to time how long the lamp stays lit from the moment the switch is opened. 25V (i) By considering the amount of charge initially stored, calculate the time it would take for the capacitor to fully discharge if it delivered a steady current of 0.2.4 throughout the process. Discharge time = Q) (ii) Explain why, in practice, the current will not remain at 0.2 A as the capacitor discharges. a) Q3 (Total 6 marks) {N00 00 A — Turn over« blank 4. Two identical magnets, P and Q, are rectangular in shape and have their north and south poles on their largest faces, They are stood on edge, 3,0.cm apart and parallel to each other, with opposite poles facing, as shown. Side view: View from above: north pole — | south pole _ Q [ L - (a) This arrangement is intended to produce a uniform magnetic field. (i) Show, on the diagram below, the magnetic field pattern you would get in the gap between the magnets if there were a uniform field between them. CO 0) ae) Q) ii} A pre-calibrated Hall probe is moved across the gap without changing its orientation. It goes directly from the centre of the north pole of P to the centre of the south pole of Q. The reading from the probe remains at a constant value of 4.0 units while this is done. ‘To what extent does this confirm that a uniform field has been produced in the gap? Q) x (ANU 0 INNLeave blank (b) Magnet Q is turned round so that both north pol 3.0 em apart. s are facing. The magnets remai (i) Show, on the diagram below, the magnetic field pattern that will now be produced in the gap between the magnets. Label any significant feature. north pole — Pg QB) (ii) With this new arrangement, the Hall probe is moved from P to Q in the same way as before. On the graph below show how you would expect the reading from the probe to vary over the 3.0 cm distance from P to Q. The result of the previous experiment, as described in part (a), is shown for reference. Assume that the effect of the Earth’s magnetic field is negligible and the calibration of the Hall probe is unchanged. Probe reading/arbitrary units Reading from first experiment Distance from P/cm @ a (Total 9 marks) 9 I Turn over I N 2 93°57 5 ROA OS 15. Figure 1 shows two vertical current-carrying wires R and S. The current direction in wire $ is downwards, as shown, Figure 2 illustrates the same arrangement as seen from above. The arrow Br gives the magnitude and direction of the field at S due to the current in wire R. Similarly, By shows the magnetic field at R due to the current in wire S. "| Current Y 4 Bs a Be Ro *M & Side view Plan (top) view Figure 1 Figure 2 The wires experience forces due to the intera curren tion of the magnetic fields with the (a) Name the rule used to determine the direction of the force acting on wire S. Ww (b) Use this rule to determine the direction of the force that acts on wire S. Show this force on Figure 2, using an arrow labelled F a (©) Deduce the direction of the current in wire R. Indicate this with an arrow on Figure 1 a (d) The magnetic field at point M, mid-way between the wires, is caused by the currents in both R and On Figure 2, draw an arrow labelled B that shows the magnitude and direction of the resultant magnetic field at M. Q) OQ (Total 5 marks) 10 ng 00 9 9blank | 6. ‘The diagram shows a step-down transformer. Input | Output voltage ; o voltage 4 L Primary Secondary coil coil Explain the action of this transformer. You may be awarded a mark for the clarity of your answer. 06 ‘TOTAL FOR PAPER: 40 MARKS END n yu 0List of data, formulae and relationships Data Speed of light in vacuum Gravitational constam, Acceleration of free fall Gravitational field stren, Elementary (proton) charge Electronic mass Electronvolt Planck constant Unified atomic mass unit Molar gas constant Permittivity of free space Coulomb law constant Permeability of free space Rectilinear motion ¢=3.00x10%ms G=6.67%10" Nm? kg? g=98Ims? g=98INkg" €=1.60%10C mc = 9.11109! kg 1eV=1.60x10- f= 6.63x10 = 1,610" ke R=831) K mol 8.85%10-? Fm (close to the Earth) (close to the Earth) é For uniformly accelerated motion: Forces and moments k=l/4ne, 8.9910" Nm? C7 Hy = 410x107 NA* veutat xsur+sar? w =u? 4 2ax Moment of F about O= Fx (Perpendicular distance from F to O) Sum of clockwise moments about any point in a plane Dynamics Force Impulse Mechanical energy Power Sum of anticlockwise moments about that point Radioactive decay and the nuclear atom Activity Half-life N Av _ Ap mae Ar ar Far= Ap Poko A=4N (Decay constant 2) At = 0.69 2 9°37 5_R 2 1BElectrical current and potential difference plectric current T=ndQv Electric power P=PR Electrical cireuits Terminal potential difference V=e-Ir (E.m.f. &; Internal resistance r) Circuit emt. LEe=UR Resistors in series R=R FRR, Resistors in parallel Heating matter Change of state energy transfer = /Am Hee latent heat or specific enthalpy change /) ing and cooling: energy transfer = mcAT (Specific heat capacity e: Temperature change 47) Celsius temperature OMC-=TIK ~273 Kinetic theory of matter Temperature and energ T « Average kinetic energy of molecules Kinetic theory p=tple) Conservation of energy Change of internal energy AU =AQ+AW (Energy transferred thermally AQ: Work done on body AN) Iseful output Eff iency of energy transfer Input Heat engine maximum efficiency Circular motion and oscillations Angular speed a (Radius of Centripetal acceleration a> Period (Frequeney f) Simple harmonic motion: displacement x = x, cos 2x maximum speed = 27f%y acceleration a =-(2nf')° x Fora simple pendulum T=2n, For a mass on a spring (Spring constant &) B DUAN 0 0 0 0 0 Turn over IANA ‘9Waves Intensity Superposition of waves Two slit interference Quantum phenomena Photon model Maximum energy of photoelectrons Energy levels de Broglie wavelength Observing the Universe Doppler shift Hubble law G -avitational fields Gravitational field strength for radial field Electric fields Electrical field strength for radial field for uniform field For an electron in a vacuum tube Capacitance Energy stored Capacitors in parallel Capacitors in series Time constant for capacitor to charge or discharge N- 2 RAO 4 4 t+ 1=—2. (Distance from point source r; Power of source P) nr aa (Wavelength 4; Slit separation s; “Dp (Fringe width x; Slits to screen distance D) =hf (Planck constant h) =hf-9 (Work function ) hf = EE: ol Pp gaFim g=Gmir?, numerically E=FIQ E=kgir E=Vid eAV = Aime") 'o° 3 7S (Hubble constant #1) (Gravitational constant G) (Coulomb law constant k)Magnetic fields Force on a wire Bil Magnetic flux density (Magnetic field strength) in a long solenoid B= jynl (Permeability of free space 4ip) near a long wire B= gli? Magnetic flux = BA , NA@ . E.m4f. induced in a coil =~ a (Number of turns) a Accelerators Mass-energy AE=c*Am Force on a moving charge F=BQv Analogies in physics Capacitor discharge = Qe" h hein Radioactive decay N=Nyo* At, =1n2 Experimental physi r d uncertainty » 100% Percentage uncertainty Average value Mathematics sin(90°—0) =cos@ In(x") =nInx In(e) = ke Equation of a straight line yam +e Surlace area cylinder = 2nrh + 2m? sphere = 4 Volume cylinder = 77h sphere = 4279 For small angles: sind = tan =O (in radians) cos <1 3 7 6S RA OO 4S 4GBLANK PAGE