Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jawed Ghamidi Ki Ilmi Wa Tehqeeqi Ti Ki Research - WWW - Pakistanmarkaz
Jawed Ghamidi Ki Ilmi Wa Tehqeeqi Ti Ki Research - WWW - Pakistanmarkaz
yZxÅ *Š õg @*
¶õg @* ÅVâ ›~Y 1998
ˆƒõg @*
+F,
+Å *Š õg @*
$ H
ÅVâ ›ˆÆm{g Š
ïÅ„c*+ózdÅr
Š$ # ™~æ¸h
+zY
,
k½ÅY 2005yB 20
ÂHt6,CÅ~ F,
Šã ',
RäM%Z¤ á xig Zpā 6Åg (ZlzgtÌävsйˆÆyZK6,
/ZX ä{ ÷ CÅ~ F,
Šã ',
oÒ ^nÞ …æ] 1a Ðe^_Ú à³n Æ]¡ã K̈Z *
*™Õ6,
V'ÔVñ¸ÔVzuzŠ ÿXì ._ÐÆ]¡ã K̈ZtH{ k
HðÃH
oãe 6nfm„`i gÖ^Æ oÒ á] …æ] ð^nfÞ] Ý^Ûi äÒ 1a äm g×_Ú ]†‰æ 6na oa… o×2 oi†Ò Ý^Ò o`m 6nfm„`i †i†³e Ý^³Û³i
1a Ðe^_Ú 1Ò l†_Ê àn oÒ á^ŠÞ] äm 1a ˆn2 p†_Ê äm 6nãi oi†Ò Üj‰ æ Ü×¾ †µ 7çÚçÎ 7çfm„`i †‘^Ã³Ú p†³‰æ
çÒ o+‚Þ‡ 6nÚ ðMUUT †¿Þ ä_ÏÞ äm ^Ò á] 1a x•]æ kÏnÏu oÒ l^Û×Ò äÞ]†Ê^Ò äÞ¡a^q á] 1Ò g³u^³‘ p‚³Ú^³Æ
Œ] 6na Á^ËÖ] Í]†jÚ ð^Ïi…] æ Í]†vÞ] 7^`m 1Ò á] 1a ^n+ça ð^Ïi…] ‚m^ 1a ‹Ó†e ØÓÖ^e 1Ò çmæ†9Þ] 1ò+ 1ñ
þ Øu^‰!6n`Þ Ý¡Ò oñçÒ 6nÚ 1Þça Ð×_Ú Øa^q 1Ò “í
,
òzg ā ãZkZ \ M Ã] !*
kZ Âåce ** /Z
ƒ~ t Z²ÃkZ nÆ]˜ÆwLZāì &M%Z¤
# ™~æ¸ÿX ñ M ~y*zy{zwVÅ6¤',` @*
gzZVñ¸7Z÷ÇIZr ÷MhNŠ~VßÅVâ ›gzZā
´zðZ´îSgzZgzŠ!‚g ZD
Ùq Ö ÓÔÄÜÅV â ›ñƒ ïŠ-zÚZÃÏ0
-ZgzZ# +i {z,i ZI7D»'õg @*
ÅV'
þ ÷`}Šg Z Œ
Û gzŠw V"'+4» õg @*
ãK̈Z »gzŠÆk„
äVÍß Zƒy) Z',6,ªā}Š “ÃSŠßZ',
ZgzZ c*
M6,} h˜',
!*
‰āƒX ðÃā¶7v Z âZ¬
Ü zkZvZy4¹
X ¶7gŠðÃâZÅi Z ¹Ü Z‰
ÐVñÃ{ (¶Ðx ;ā«Å *Š ÏāZVñ¸gz0*
4àZzä M
{)zM%Zx ** gzZ÷Ðx ‚ëgzZuF,
Cì x ¸ÅÄc* ã¢āò ‚
6n`Þ oãe…ç› oŠßñ^‰ 1‰] 1Þ Üa çi 1a ]ça ä׳Ú^³Ã³Ú ^³Ò k³Ú^³ >³i^³‰ 1³Ò 7ç³Þ^³Û³×³ŠÚ ܳa g³q
çÒ l¡Ú^ÃÚ 1‰ Œ] 1a ^iça ^nÒ äÏm†› oŠßñ^‰ Ýç×ÃÚ 6n`Þ oãe g×_Ú ^Ò ‹ß³ñ^³‰ ç³Ò g³u^³‘ p‚³Ú^³Æy^³ãÓ³m
Ýç×ÃÚ kÏnÏu oÒ 1Ïm†› oŠßñ^‰ çi 1nrnÒ äÃÖ^_Ú ^Ò Øu^‰ 1Ò ðNLLR †fÚçÞ …æ] kŠ+] 1a ^i^q ^ãÓm 1³ŠnÒ
ì‡~g ø# M6,
Ö Ó~y ,Y»ïZúÆyZ ¬Š7Ì6,
*Šā¶à¯t] ;KZäë17Ì{ ^ gîR wØu^‰!o³+ç³a
t Æ Tāì Zƒc* -Z ävZpÇìgB‚}g ø {zÐ ,™Ì ë Z®÷Æ Z}
¯ yâ ‡q .ëì Zg ø Z}
.[Z σ
āì wZÎ{z¸ce **
™ Hā åce OΙÖÃ^CÑ ç~Š OZgzZ ~„øZŠx Ó~g ø„g CYÐB; }g øā
Z Âā÷V©~wßZÆVzqzŠ'!*
V; Æ\ M w”» ð** ~g ‚tX ÷‰ {g c*
÷ìg YúVYëā ¸ØÐT
oñçÒ 1‰ Œ] ^Ò Ù]æ‡ æ tæ†Â 1Ò 7çÚçÎ 1a 1ñ]… äÞ^ÏÛ³u] ä³my÷~iZ%ÁY »g ZÆ~ F,
',
RgzZì6,
x £¾
1Ò 7çÚçÎ Ð×_Ú Øa^q ämy !^3e äÞ 7çnÒ 7^aæ á^Û×ŠÚ oãe Ôm] oÓ‰ ^3e äÞ7 çnÒ çÒ ‹Ö‚Þ] ‹ßñ^‰ 6n`Þ Ð׳ói
1×e^ÏÚ 1Ò p# †ŠÒ æ †’nÎ Œ^µ 1Ò …@ç–u 6na 1³a…^³Ú†³Ê ½æ†³Ú 1³‰ ijñ]…ƒ 1³Ò o³ñ^³Þ]ç³i ç³Ò Ù]æ‡ æ t憳Â
(áç†Ê( gm„`i p†’Ú ( ^n+ 8Ú 7çnÒ ‹Ö‚Þ] 1ãi Äñ]…ƒ k`e çi 6nÚ oa ‹Ö‚Þ] 1ãi Äñ]…ƒ ^nÒ 1³Ò o³ñ^³Þ]ç³i6³nÚ
1a >3Ò g‰ oa kÎ^› †+] 6nò+ça Üjì 7çnÒ 1ãi Äñ]…ƒ k`e 7^`q ( gm„`i oßn2 (gm„`i oÞ^Þçm (æ…Jçrßaç³Ú
$~g ø wØu^‰ !oò+ça oñ^Šn 1ŠnÒ ^Úæ… kß_׉ çi 1a p…憕 ä–fÎ †µ Äñ]…ƒ 1Ò oñ^³Þ]ç³i …æ]
}g ‚Æd
ì ¸Äc*
gŠ Å ù Zgf F,
',
Æð** Û X ÷3Y„Јy M Œ
Hƒ»„~~œ¶a ~ŠmZg øÐ y M Œ
Z ÂXì Š Û wßZ
V; }g ø ˆ~Š ÌZ à©)Ãs¦gzZ ñOÆ Yß (gzZ b‚V; }g øX ÷ ë Yß (z b‚ ` M ë&
gzZ,,qVâzŠtXì ‚rgÌZ à ©)s¦~?£gzZ ~²÷ á ÅyZgzZ÷wD Z)´,~y M ~]†ò¯
: Yß (gzZb‚Xì $
Ë 2îG G +ì $
Ë ¯ Ø|$
4& ì $
0kF ©6,ð0*
Ë 2y g e sÜVƒ H ÂwŠ Yß (gzZb‚s¦
7Z÷ ¿IY Þ~æ¸h
+zYÿ¸ce ** +‡}g ø ñƒ Ù MÐ wZziëÐzz Åäƒ
¯ s@ÃVzq VâzŠ yZÃ+Z
Critique on uropean Sciences [ Â ÅwgD +]
Ù sÜ{z~ekZì 7D»|ÅYß )zb‚h .
# ™ ~æ¸ ÏñYƒ ãZz |Åb‚h
År +] Question Concerning Technology [ Â Åv à ; gz Z
.ÂB| 7,
þN â /ZXì ~gz¢-6,
Û ·_»V1Âsf `gŠ ƒ~g ZØŠ~K[ÂÅvà;¤ .»¢qÇ~Ã
ÅTgzZì Z}
[1] Discourse on Method and the Meditations by Rene Descartes, translated by F. E. Sutcliffe [2]
Crises of European Sciences by Edward Husserl. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. [3]
Science A History, by John Gribbin. [4] Newton to Einstein by Ralph Baicelain. [5]A History of Science
3
by William Dampier. [6] Galileo at Work by Stillman Drake [7] Issac Newton by Rupert Hall [8]
Nicholas Copernicus by Josef Rednicbi. [9] The Scientific Work of Rene Descartes by J. F. Scott. [10] The
Scientific Revolution by Steven Shapin. [11] Science and the Modern World by A. N. Whitehead [12]
Foresight and understanding by Stephen Toulmin [13] Philosophy of Science by Alexendar Bird [14]What
is this thing called science by A. F. Chalmer [15] Between Science and Metaphysics by S. Amsterdamski
[16] Belief, Truth and Knowledge by D. M. Armstrong [17] Truth and Logic by A. J Ayer [18]Two
Paradigms of Scientific Knowledge by D. Bloor [19] The Natural Philosophy of Galileo by Maurice
Clavelin [20] Feyerabends Discourse against Method by J. Curfhoys and W. Suchting [21] On Scientific
Method by J. J. Daires [22] How to defend Society against science by P. K. Fayerabend [23] Two New
Sciences by Galileo Galilei [24] Philosophy of Natural Science by C. G. Hampel [25] Treatise on Human
Nature by D. Hume. [26] Metaphysics and Measurement by A. Koyre [27] The structure of Scientific
Revolution by T. Kohn. [28]Proofs and Refutation by Z. Lakatos [29] The logic of Scientific Discovery by