FOUNDATIONS OF

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR
 Personal factors
• Age
• Multifaceted and individualistic
• Impact on
performance,turnover,absenteeism,produc
tivity and satisfaction
• Stratification of society based on age
• Family homestead and senilicide
 Personal factors
• Sex
• Problem solving ability,analytical
skill,competitive
drive,motivation,leadership,sociability,lear
ning ability
• Male dominated society and presence of
women
• Impact of sex on turnover and
absenteeism
 Personal factors
• Education
• Increased levels of education and
individual’s expectations about positive
outcomes
• Generalised and specialised education
 Personal factors
• ABILITIES
• Physical abilities
• Intellectual abilities
• Number aptitude
• Verbal comprehension
• Perceptual speed
• Inductive reasoning
 Personal factors
• Sex
• Problem solving ability
• Analytical ability
• Competitive drive
• Motivation
• Leadership ability
• Sociability
• Learning ability
 Personal factors
• Education
• Increased levels of education and
individual’s expectations
• Type of education and nature of abilities
 Personal factors

• Abilities
• Intellectual abilities
• Physical abilities
• Ability job-fit
• Concept of a perfect ability-job fit
• Change in people and organisations
• Need for new technology and skills
• Difficulty in assessing attitudes and personality
 Personal factors

• What if the fit is poor ?

• What if the abilities are more ?
• Marital status and job
• Number of dependents and job satisfaction
• Creativity and background experience
• Creativity and personal traits
• Creativity and cognitive abilities
 Environmental factors
• Economic factors
• Employment opportunities
• Fewer job opportunities and the sense of
job security
• Wages and job satisfaction
• Economic outlook
• Technological change
 Cultural environment
• Strong work ethics
• Achievement need
• Achievement need and the level of
satisfaction
• Match between effect and reward
• Values
• POLITICAL FACTORS
 Organisational systems and
resources
• Facilities
• Organisation structure and
design
• Leadership
• Reward systems
• Work related behavior
• Joining the
organisation,remaining with
the organisation,maintaining
work attendance,performing
required tasks,exhibiting
organisational leadership
 Models of individual behavior
• Theory X and Theory Y model
• Economic and Self – actualising model
• Behaviouristic and humanistic model
• Rational and emotional model