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8 25 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬-‫اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬

90 40 (1115141 )‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬- (1115088) - ( ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ارﺷﺪ‬- ‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
* (1115177
1115177)‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬- (1115169 )‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬- (1115141)– ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
-- (1) ‫ﻳﻚ‬
(‫)ع‬
.‫ ﺷﺮاﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮد و ادب اﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ داراﻳﻲ و ﻧﮋاد‬: ‫اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﻲ‬

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567 4 . 12 3 4 .-
:; 0 & 4 .& 9! 0 & 4 .8
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P .& & =% M  E   ? @ O-0 & &K !"# ,F 0 $0  M $   #  !"# $% ?* @ .L
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meta data . information .-
physical data .& logical data .8
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.&M%
(consistency) % ) B ; . (atomicity) =Z1 B ; .-
(durability) > B ; .& (isolation) M2% B ; .8
D&' 9W% F 9 0 \@ *;@  ] M  / C.  0 !"# $% & .[
DML .8 DDL .8 UML . CASE .-
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 5 $ Bd . E&@ Bd .-
 5 7 Bd .& ,0 Bd .8

8 ‫ از‬1 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
8 25 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬-‫اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬
90 40 (1115141 )‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬- (1115088) - ( ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ارﺷﺪ‬- ‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
* (1115177
1115177)‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬- (1115169 )‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬- (1115141)– ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
-- (1) ‫ﻳﻚ‬

*CP@7  P P & P  $ P0 . ' UML & k ' M @"0 C 'M  1 (navigation) M% .j
. '  M%  
.B@ F =&  C 0 "
Q ! U"0 $ &  Fg% 0 B@ C !% .-
.B@ K F  & =& l'  l' $ C .
 Fi !P% P M P% & P /P5 m#  2  C m# $ /. R &  Fg% 0 B@ U"0 M& S  C $ .8
. 70  1*@&  E&d*@
.B@ F =&  C 0 "
Q ! U"0 $ &  Fg% 0 B@ e*K  *. !% .&

. &  Fg%  +M K  ER  &% B'=% ?*=- &  9 .  1 F ' / 1  o>  C! .n
P  E   P X0 BdP $P . P 70 &PW ' E E&@ d   / ' 0 R +M K $ ,ER  &% & .........   "
E&P@ P BdP P!W P' ,P0 E  E P' )*% X0 H . 70 )*% R   (primary key) X X0 F 7!
". 7&  / 1g  R X X0 ?  E X0 E 7& / 1g
E  5 7 Bd . E e% &! E  > .-
E e%  7 C .& E e%  p E  > .8

D 70    *   Bd  $ 0 /5 C! .`q


" ' *' & X0 B ; 0 *d  C 0 "
(primary key) X X0 . (foreign key) K; X0 .-
(super key) X0 .& (candidate key)  %0 X0 .8

D '  *  K e%    /5   .``


". ' b  7  6  "
(intra- relation)  6  FM& . (referential) eK .-
(intrinsic)  t .& (domain)  7 & .8

.& & F*@M 6@ 7 ∏ E=%i , ' Fi  %0 X0 c M F*@ ^ M 6@ <q   & A +M K H .`<
b, c ( A )
< /. R M <q /. R . ^ M <q .-
< u0 RM <q /. R .& < M <q .8

8 ‫ از‬2 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
8 25 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬-‫اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬
90 40 (1115141 )‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬- (1115088) - ( ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ارﺷﺪ‬- ‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
* (1115177
1115177)‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬- (1115169 )‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬- (1115141)– ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
-- (1) ‫ﻳﻚ‬

. '  b   w@  v@>  72H  $ 0 & B@ > +M K  K  .`L
.&P' P f  ` E 1g% & & (cc` 0) `Lcc+@ +M 9 & 0 (%i EMH 4)g FM ) &   @M& 4)g .-

σ c lg# =1 ∧ term = 771


(crs ∝ sec)

stud clg α . &   %i E 1g% & M FWg% & 4)g .

∏ sname σscore f 10((stud∞crs)∞ sec . % E&*d % =&  E 1g% & UM& & 0 %Wg% & 9% .8

. % E ' f  (cc` 0) `Lcc +@ +M + % & 0  R M  UM& 4)g .&
(σ unit = 4 (crs))α(σ term = 771(sec))

crs ← crs ∪ {(" c100" , " distributed database" , 4,10)}  D & 9W%  X!  /5 *@& .`T
P0 P  Z P0 @ 7 E 1g% & \@ M B@  R M  0 “distributed database” 9%  c101 E'  @& .-
. 70  mGR crs +M K   &'  f  `q
`q 0   Z 0 @ 7 E 1g% & \@ M B@  R M  0 “distributed database” 9%  c101 E'  @& .
. 70  3p crs +M K   &'  f 
P  &P' P Pf  `q P0 P  Z P0 P@ 7 E 1g% & \@ M B@  R M  0  c101 E'  @& 9% .8
. &  9%  ] “distributed database”
.B@ B@&%  6  CK & *@& S .&
.&'    7 &  6  R  *  .`[
. (knowledge base) V% & $% @E& > M (rules) ! . F  .`
.(visual) 4   23 9% @ E& > .<
. 70   HXK *%  5XR -  &'  E&d*@ ¬  %i & 0  6  R C! .L
. ' *g  X>  6  R   7 &  6  R C@  . .T

L M ` .& T M < .8 L M < . < M ` .-

8 ‫ از‬3 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
8 25 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬-‫اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬
90 40 (1115141 )‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬- (1115088) - ( ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ارﺷﺪ‬- ‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
* (1115177
1115177)‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬- (1115169 )‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬- (1115141)– ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
-- (1) ‫ﻳﻚ‬
D & v@>   V@> 
 /5 *@& B@ > +M K  K  .`^
UPDATE crs
SET sec# = 19, score = 0
WHERE sec# IS NULL;
. &    `n  d E% / C .-
.B@  @& EMH 0 &    d  E% M `n  EMH E' / C .
.  d % / C .8
.B@ B@&% *@& .&
DB@ B@&% 72H 9  .`c
.B@ E '  +M K  6@ h'   COUNT(*) x .-
.&0 E&d*@ DISTINCT  F  % COUNT(*) x & .
.&' %  NULL 6@ COUNT(*) x .8
. % &H    d  5 COUNT(*) x '  +M K H .&
D& & *  6  + &   H l' ? d  $ 0 .`j
@"0 ,  XX@ .  y .-
 7 * .& %@ 9 > .8
D& & ? 5*  Ya &   $ 9 0 M @ + % .`n
K M U>  H v@> B!@ . +M K &  .-
&   .& @ E2 ;t z3 F 2 .8

T1∞T2  BC% T1αT2 6@ &  .<q


.B@ M  *10 . .B@ *10 .-
.B@ M .& .B@ M  *H2 .8
D&'   6  + & K M U> @ 7  ! .   &   $ 0 .<`
(V72H  &) . & 9W% &M  > .`
. & 9W% >  /C.  V72H .<
. 70 / C - * #'   C 0 #' .L
. & 9W% *% &  !W =X! 7%  C 0 =X! .T
T M < M ` .& T M L M ` .8 L M < M ` . T M L M < .-

8 ‫ از‬4 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
8 25 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬-‫اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬
90 40 (1115141 )‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬- (1115088) - ( ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ارﺷﺪ‬- ‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
* (1115177
1115177)‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬- (1115169 )‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬- (1115141)– ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
-- (1) ‫ﻳﻚ‬
P P' P@ S k2K  &   $ 0 . 7' *' & /1g B@ S1 7' *' & ' @ 0 -M K  3NF .<<
D&' 
. '  %0 X0 M& /. R   & +M K .`
. 7' C 0  %0  X0 .<
. 7' *' % =* M X X0  !W   +M K *d .L
. 7' *' & 0*g  Bd ,C 0  %0  X0 .T
T M L M ` .& T M < M ` .8 L M < M ` . T M L M < .-
DB@ =& 93  + % 93 9 0   GH    ?*=- .<L
. G= ? 7 Fi * M   {B@ E& &W -5*% =* M   d !W .
. G= ? 7 E % . Bd   X X .<
.S 3p <  K; X F 7!    X Bd .L
BCNF  3NF .& 4NF  3NF .8 2NF  1NF . 3NF  2NF .-
. '  .  ' M&  1 H 7H  (trivial)    R 6  & A →→ B  5 7 =* M $ .<T
A ⊂ B .`
B ⊂ A .<
A I B = R .L
A U B = R . T

L M ` .& T M < .8 L M < . < M ` .-

+
DB  F S*3 FM   !"# $% 2NF b  93 .<[

R = {A, B, C, D, E, F , G }
F = {( A, B) → R, A → G, B → EF , G → DF }
(A, G) (A, G)
(B, E, F) . (B, E, F) .-
(A, B, C, X, F, G) (G, X, F)
(A, B, C, G)

(G, X, F)
(A, G)
(A, G) .& (B, E, F) .8
(B, E, F)
(A, B, C) (G, X, F)
(A, B, C, G)

8 ‫ از‬5 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
8 25 ‫ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬-‫اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬
90 40 (1115141 )‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬- (1115088) - ( ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ارﺷﺪ‬- ‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
* (1115177
1115177)‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬- (1115169 )‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬- (1115141)– ‫ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
-- (1) ‫ﻳﻚ‬
g  w@
:? |%
.B@  2- L  ` w@  v@> ~
b 4 +M + @ L \53 {&' E& & v@> + @ L  V   |  & . & v@> + @ L  \53 j  T  @ F  ~
.&'
. ' E% ` + @  9 ~
........................................................................................
. & €'  !"# $% & (integrity) B  K M (security) B 7 ? d .`

. & 9W%  E& & E=> R # @@ XR M& *0 *%*7 hM3 !"# ?* @   .<
/ X M 2W M @ .-
EER +  E&d*@  E& & 7 - .
BP@  &MM  o> F*g .& H 9W% *0 *%*7 hM3 ?* @
  ' X B;7' U@  3 /R  9W% :K
‚P#  P*0 /P M &P HP 9PW% PC*! 0 ‚#  *0 B . B; &> . 770 9 . *0 ;  BC% E='M3
.& H 9W% *> ?* @

. & €' D @7' B  K e% 7  6  + & .L

D & v@> sql  E&d*@   K M U>  .T


. % E ' f  EMH ƒ  V    & 0  R M @ UM&

. 7 %i 7  *@& @ 7  ! .  E&d*@  oZ@M E& & v@>  6  CK  E&d*@   K M U>  .[
. % % *0& %i @„ M 7. M F  & 0 fE 1g% &

&*P@ M ,PEMPH ,9P% / P' P0 70 &W (view) W +M K $  6  CK =X! M B@ > +M K  E&d*@  .^
. ' U&

. 70 @+ % {  =* M  A → DF F&M23    !"# $% .c


R = {A, B, C , D, E , F , G }
F = {( A, B) → R, A → G, B → EF , G → DF }

. & €' D&' %C *g> SQL:2003 & f Hl' H_M  $ 0 .j

8 ‫ از‬6 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ‪-‬ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ارﺷﺪ ( ‪ - (1115088) -‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت) ‪(1115141‬‬
‫*‬ ‫‪(1115177‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ –)‪ - (1115141‬ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ) ‪ - (1115169‬ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ)‪1115177‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ )‪(1‬‬

‫‪B@ > +M K‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ 7‬از ‪8‬‬


‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‪ -‬ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه دادهﻫﺎ‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار) ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ‪-‬ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ و ارﺷﺪ ( ‪ - (1115088) -‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت) ‪(1115141‬‬
‫*‬ ‫‪(1115177‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ –)‪ - (1115141‬ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ) ‪ - (1115169‬ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ)‪1115177‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ )‪(1‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ 8‬از ‪8‬‬

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