Pn.-Pn.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv.

^tdm-°v, ae-bmfkanXn {]kn≤o-I-cWw 2010 BKÃv 15

^tdm°v kzmX{¥y ka-c-Im-e-L-´-ß-fn¬

kzmX¥y e_v[n-°p-ap-ºv, tZiob {]ÿm-\-߃°v kam-\-amb {]h¿Ø-\-
ßfpw ka-c-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \S-∂n-cp∂ Hcp {]tZ-i-amWv ^tdm-°v. {_n´ojv `c-W-Øn-
s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ i‡-amb {]Xn-tj[ ka-c-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fmb \nc-h[n alZvhy‡n-
I-fpsS Ncn{Xw ^tdm-°n-\p-≠v. JmZn-\q¬\q¬]v, N¿°m ¢m p-Iƒ, htbm-P-\-hn-
Zym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-߃ F∂n-hbpw hntZ-i-h-kvXp-°sf _ln-jvI-cn-°m≥
Blzm\w sNbvX kztZin {]ÿm-\w, aZy-h¿P\ {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \S∂
I≈pjm∏v ]n°-‰n-Mv, {_n´ojv k¿°m-cns\ XInSw adn-°p-∂-Xn-\pth≠n-bp≈ \nc-
h[n hn[zw-kI {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ (I-ºn-ap-dn, ]mew A´n-ad- n, Awi-°t- ®-cn°v Xo sImSp-
°¬, {_n´ojv ]XmI Xmgvج) F∂o {]Xn-tj[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ^tdm-°n¬ \S-∂n-
cp-∂p.
AbnØw F∂ kmaqly A\m-Nm-c-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn 1940 Ifn¬ ^tdm-°n¬
\S∂ an{i-t`m-P\w Gsd {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. Idp-tØ-SØv Ip™n-°≠ - b- p-tSbpw
]m®mfn Ip™n-°Æ - s- ‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S∂ Cu an{i-t`m-P\ - Ø
- n¬ Ah¿Wcpw
kh¿W-cp-amb Bfp-Iƒ Hcp-an-®n-cp∂v `£Ww Ign-®p. CXn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fmb
kh¿W¿ kap-Zmb {`jvSn\v hnt[-b-cm-bn-cp-∂-s{X.
t]meo-kn\p s]s´∂v FØn-t®-cm≥ Ign-bmØ sN\-∏-dºpIp∂n¬ cl-ky-
tbm-K-߃ \S-∂n-cp-∂p. sN\-∏-d-ºn¬ ]XmI Db¿Øn-b-Xn\v t]meokv {Iqc-ambn
a¿±n-®n´pw, {io s]cpw-s¥mSn Xqº≥ {Xnh¿Æ-]-XmI amtdm-S-Sp-°n-]n-Sn®v a¿±-\-߃
G‰p-hm-ßn-bXv ad-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp kw`-h-am-W-t{X. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Ko-X-߃ Fgp-
Xn-s°m≠v P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ Bth-i-ap-W¿Øn-b-h-cmWv ]md-∏p-d-h≥ Ad-ap-J≥,
cma≥Ip-f-ßc tKm]m-e≥ F∂n-h¿. {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Bi-b-߃ {]N-cn-∏n-°m≥
"kzmX-{¥-`m-cXw' F∂ ]{Xw XpS-ßn-bXv 1945 Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wv. ""kzmX{¥ `mcXw''
Hmtcm Znh-khpw Hmtcm ÿe-Øp-\n-∂mWv I√-®n¬ A®-Sn®p ]pd-Øp h - ∂
- Xv. ^tdm-
°n¬ sI.-kn.-Ip-´≥, sI.-Fw.-tImb F∂n-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-emWv ]{X-hn-X-cWw
\S-∂-Xv. sI.-tI-f-∏-Pn-bpsS aI-\mb Ip™n-cm-a-°n-Smhv A®pIqSw Xe-bn-te‰n \mSm-
b-\mSp apgp-h≥ \S-°pw. ]{Xw FhnsS \n∂mWv ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-∂-sX∂v Hcp t]meo-
kn\pw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. ^tdm-°nse "H‰-sØ-ßn\v' kao-]-ap≠mbn-cp∂
]md-∏p-d-h≥ cmas‚ Nmb-∏o-Sn-I-bn¬ cl-ky-tbm-K-߃ \S-∂n-cp-∂p.
1942 se BK-Ãnse Izn‰n¥ym kacw kw_-‘n-®p≈ HSp-hn-esØ A´n-adn
kw`hw tIc-f-Øn-emsI `qI-º-ap-≠m-°nb ^tdm°v ]mew s]mfn-°m-\p≈ {ia-am-
bn-cp-∂p. ]mew XI¿°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Npa-Xe sI. tIf-∏-Pn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb Ip™n-
cm-a-°n-Sm-hn-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
ae-_m-dns\ aZn-cmin kwÿm-\Ø - ns‚ CX-c`- m-Kß
- f
- p-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂ ]me-
ß-sf√mw XI¿°m\pw BZyw kzmX{¥yw {]Jym-]n-°m-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Ip™n-cm-a-
°n-Sm-hn-s‚bpw Iq´-cp-sSbpwXocp-am\w. t_mw_p-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\p≈ hkvXp°ƒ
kwL-Sn-∏n-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-®Xpw InSm-hp-Xs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p.
cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw ]mdm-hp≈ ]mew XI¿°pI F∂Xv Akm-[y-am-b-Xn-\m¬
InSmhv "sambvXo≥' F∂ I≈-t∏cv kzoI-cn®v ]me-Ønse ]mdm-hp-Im¿°v ]e-lmcw
hn¬°p∂ sXmgn-en-te¿s∏-´p. Npcpßnb Znh-k-Øn-\p-≈n-emWv t]meo-kp-Im¿°v
sambvXo≥ {]nbs∏´-h-\m-b-Xv. ]meØn\v Xmsg ao≥ tXmWn-bn¬ h∂m¬ am{Xsa
ASnbn¬ t_mw_p hbv°m-\mIq F∂v a\- n-em°n \nem-hp≈ cm{Xn-bm-b-Xn-\m¬
BZysØ {iaw XpS-°-Øn¬ amt‰-≠n h∂p. sshImsX Hcp Aam-hm-kn Zn\w Xnc-
s™-Sp-Øp. cm{Xn ]me-Øn-\S- n-bn-eqsS tXmWn-bn¬ h∂v InSmhv ASn-`mKØv A≈n-

apJ-samgn
ho≠pw Hcp BKÃv 15
\mw C∂v 63-˛mw kzmX-{¥y-Zn\
hm¿jnIw BtLm-jn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. ]Xn-
hp- t ]mse ]XmI Db¿Ønbpw
{]Xn⁄ sNm√nbpw tZi-`-‡n-Km\w
Be-]n®pw Cu Zn\w \mw Hcn-°¬ IqSn
Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. kzmX-{¥y-ka - c kvarXn-
Iƒ°v Hcp Zn\w am{X-ambn amdp-∂pthm
BKÃv 15?
F∂m¬ A{X- em-L-h-tØmsS
\ap°v Cu Zn\sØ ImWm≥ Ign-
bptam? \Ωsf \Ωfm°m≥th≠n
Hcp P∑w apgp- h ≥ Akzm- X - { ¥y-
Ønepw Xocm-th-Z-\-bnepw tlman-®p-Xo¿Ø FÆ-a‰ a\p-
jy-tcm-Sp≈ ISw ho´m≥ F{X-Imew Ign-™mepw \ap-
°m-hn-√.
kzmX{¥y ka-c-Im-e-L-´-Øns‚ XoPzm-e-Iƒ \Ω-
fn- e p- W ¿Øp∂ [oc- t Z- i m- ` n- a m- \ n- I - s f BZ- c - t hmsS,
Bflm-`n-am-\-tØmsS Hm¿Ωn-°p-I-Ibpw Ah¿ t\-Sn-
Ø∂ kzmX-{¥ysØ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØmsS Db¿Øn-∏n-
Sn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv \ΩpsS I¿Ø-hyam-Wv.
C¥y≥kzm- X - { ¥y- k - a c Ncn- { X- Ø n¬ kz¥w
\mSns‚ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-am-bn-cp-∂p-
sh∂v \mw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. Xs‚ {]tZ-i-Øns‚
ÿm\hpw al-Xzhpw Xncn-®d- n-™h - c- n¬ am{Xta bYm¿Y
tZi- k v t \lw cq]- s ∏- S p- I - b p- ≈ q. AXp- X - s ∂- b mWv
\mSns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ \sΩ t{]cn-
∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
\Ω-fn¬ ]ecpw Adn-bmsX t]mb Hcp-]mSv Adn-
hp-Ifpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw Ign-™-Im-e-ß-fn-ep-≠v. \nc-
h[n Ncn{X kw`-h-߃°v km£n-bmWv \ΩpsS \mSmb
^tdm°v. Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-eq-sS, kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fn-
eqsS, ]gb Xe-ap-d-bpsS Hm¿Ω-I-fn-eqsS, Xo¿Ym-S\w
\S-Øp-I-bmWv "kzmX-{¥y-Zn\ Nn¥-Iƒ'. ]pXnb ImgvN-
I-fn¬ t]mcm-bva-Iƒ It≠-°mw. F¶nepw Hcp Ffnb
{ia-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ kzoI-cn-°p-a-t√m. ae-bmf kmlnXy
IrXn-I-fn¬ kz¥w \mSns‚ ssIsbm-∏p-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-
bp-hm\pw \mSns\ \∑-bn-te°v \bn-°p-hm\pw DX-Ip∂
ssIØn- c n- b m- h s´ "kzmX{¥y Zn\- N n- ¥ - I ƒ' F∂v
{]Xym-in-°p-∂p.
\ΩpsS \mSns‚ kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\mbn t]mcm-Snb
[oc-tZ-im-`n-am-\nI-fpsS Hfn-aß- mØ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ°p-ap-ºn¬
kmZcw {]W- a n- ® p- s Im≠v "kzmX- { ¥y- Z n\ Nn¥- I ƒ'
kpa-\- p-Iƒ°mbn ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
FUn-‰¿
∏n-Sn-®n-cp-∂p. t_mw_p h®-Xn\v tijw Ah¿ apdnIfn-
te°v FØp-∂X - n-\p≈ kabw IW-°m-°n-bmWv ssSw
^yqkv sh®-Xv. ^tdm-°n-te°v t]mIm≥ hmS-Ibv°v
FSpØ ssk°n-fns‚ s]U¬ \jvSs∏Sp-Ibpw InSm-
hns‚ kma¿∞yw aqew t]meokpIm¿ Xs∂ AXn\v
th≠n Xnc-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-s{X.
]mew XI¿ØXp kw_-‘n®v InSmhv Fgp-Xnb Ub-
dn-°p-dn-∏n¬ Cßs\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.
""^tdm°v sdbn¬sh-]mew s]m´n-sØ-dn-®Xv 1943
G{]n¬ 30\v cm{Xn 1.40- \m-bn-cp-∂p. Ht∂Im¬
aWn-°q-dns‚ ssSw^yq-km-bn-cp∂p h®-X.v B kwcw-
`-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ \mev t]¿°pw ˛ Ip´-\pw, tXma-
kn\pw, tImb°pw F\n°pw ˛ Ahc-h-cpsS Xmh-
f-ßfn-te°v aS-ßn-sb-Øm-\p≈ kabw IW-°m-
°n-bmWv A{Xbpw Zo¿Ln∏n® ssSw^yqkv h®Xv''.
sImbn-em-≠n-bnse Iog-cn-bq-cn¬ \n¿Ωn® t_mw_v
^tdm-°nse hmbm-´v tPm\m-kns‚ ho´n-emWv kq£n-
®-Xv. tPm\m-kns‚ hnhm-l-Ø-te-∂m-bn-cp-∂s{X CXv.
]n∂oSv CXv ^mdqJv tlmkv]n-‰e
- n\v kao]w D≠mbncp∂
tIma-f-hn-emkw tlm´-en-te°v am‰n. ]´m-f°msc
Ib‰nb Xoh-≠n-bpsS {]bmWw XS-bm≥ th≠n-bmWv
t_mw_p-h® - s
- X-¶nepw Xoh-≠n IS-∂p-t]mb tij-amWv
t_mw_ps]m´n-b-Xv.
\ΩpsS [oc tZim-`n-am-\n-Iƒ
]qtXcn tImcp-Pn, A∏p-Æn, s]cp-s¥mSn Xpº≥,
]´m-t©cn IrjvW≥, NΩn\n hmkp, sI.-Sn.Aehn,
tImafw A∏p-´n-, ]´-bn¬ Id-∏≥, X´m≥ \mcm-b-W≥,
]md∏pdh≥ cma≥, ]mem´v tImb, Ip™n- c m- a ≥
tUmIvS-¿, Ip´≥ Itºm-≠¿, ]p√q¿ A®p-X≥, hmbm´v
tPm\m-kv, tXmakv ssd‰¿,-I-Æmw-]p-dØv ANypX≥,
sI.-Fw. tImb, ]n.-Fw. sImtdmØv, ]md-∏p-d-h≥ {io[-
c≥, sI.-B¿.-ti-J-c≥, tIme-t©cn am[-h≥ XpS-ßn-
b-hcpw \ΩpsS [oc-tZ-im-`n-am-\n-I-fm-Wv.
Cu kw`-hsØ XpS¿∂v ^tdm-°nepw ]cn-k-c-ß-
fnepw A[n-Ir-X¿ {Iqc-a¿±\w Agn-®p-hn-´p. tImafw
A∏p-´n, sI.-B¿. tiJ-c≥, ]n., tImcpPn, H. cmL-h≥
\mb¿, H. Id-∏≥ ]pXp-t°mSv XpSßn \nc-h[n t]sc
AdÃp sNbvXp. kzmX{¥yk-ac - Ø
- ns‚ `mK-ambn \S∂
Cu kw`hØn¬ tUm. sI.-_n. tat\m≥, F≥.-]n. A_p,
Sn.-]n. Ip™n-cm-a-°n-Smhv F∂n-h¿s°m∏w ^tdm-°nse
sI.-Sn. Ae-hnbpw Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p.
tXm¬°m≥ a\ n√
tImgn-t°mSv SuWn¬ {_n´ojv k¿°m-cn-s\-Xnsc
{]I-S\w \S-Øm≥ Ip™n-cm-a-°n-Smhpw Iq´cpw
Xocp-am-\n-s®-¶nepw t]meo-kn-s\t∏Sn®v Bcpw
FØn- b n- √ . tImgn- t °mSv {Iu¨ Xntb- ‰ - d n¬
\nd™ kZ- n¬ ]Sw HmSp∂ ka-bw, InSmhpw
Iq´cpw {Xnh¿Æ ]XmI Ac-bn¬ kq£n®v tK‰n¬
]Sw hnSm≥ ImØp-\n-∂p. apºn¬ ap{Zm-hmIyw hnfn-
°m≥ XpS-ßn. kn\na I≠n-d-ßnb P\-ß-fm-bn-
cp∂p ]n∂n-se-¶nepw PmY I≠ t]meo-kp-Im¿
hnc-≠p-t]m-bs - {X.
Biwk
kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ aqey-sØ-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°m≥ Hcp
kzmX-{¥y∏pecn IqSn. \man-∂\
- p-`h
- n-°p∂ Cu kzmX-
{¥y-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ \nc-h[n t]cpsS Poh-\pw, c‡-
hpw Aen™p tN¿∂n-´p-≠v. AXns‚ Htcm¿Ω°p-
dn-∏mbn ae-bmfw ¢∫v Xøm-dm-°p∂ "kzmX-{¥y-Zn\
Nn¥Iƒ'°v F√m-hn[ `mhpIßfpw t\cp-∂p.
{ioa-Xn. \µ-Ip-am-cn.-sI
{]n≥kn-∏mƒ
Pn.-Pn.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.Fkv, ^tdm°v
 kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\-Nn-¥-Iƒ. Pn.-Pn.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv, ^tdm°v
kzmX{¥yZn\ ktµiw
C¥y°v kzmX{¥yw e`n-®n´v 63 h¿jw ]n∂nSp∂p.
C¥y-bpsS kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[n-Xs∂ Hcp Zpc-¥-Øn-s‚-
I-qSn XpS-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. C¥y c≠p cmPy-ß-fmbn hn`-
Pn-°s - ∏-´p. hn`-P\
- Ø
- ns‚ apdn-hpIƒ DWßmsX Xs∂
InS-∂p. \oc-h[n h¿§ob elfIƒ°v C¥y km£yw
hln®p. cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hp-Xs∂ c‡-km-£n-bm-bn. hn`-
P\ ka-bØpw ]cn-l-cn-°s∏-SmsX InS∂ Imivao¿
{]iv\-Øn-\p-th≠n ]e-X-hW \ap°v Ab¬cm-Py-
hpambn G‰p-ap-t´≠n h∂p.
kzmX{¥ye_v[n-°p-tijw C¥y≥ {Kma-ßsf \K-
c-ß-fm-°m-sX-bp-ff hnI-k-\ {]{In-b-bmWv cmjv{S
]n-Xmhv B{K-ln-®-Xv. C¥y-bn¬ h≥ hyh-km-b-߃
hf-∂p-h-cp∂ Hcp hnI-k\ {]{Inbbm-Wv- H∂masØ
{][m\ a{¥n-bmb Ph-l¿em¬ s\{lp Dt±-in-®-Xv.
kzmX{¥ym\-¥c C¥y°v ]´nWn, Zmcn{Zyw, \nc-
£-cX XpSßn \nc-h[n {]iv\-ß-tfm-SmWv G‰p-ap-t´-
≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. C¥ybpsS c≠mw kzmX{¥ykacw F∂v
]ecpw CXns\ hnti-jn-∏n-®p. C¥y≥ kzmX-{¥y-
e-_v[n°p tijap≈ c≠mw Xe-ap-d-bmWv C¥ybn¬
C∂v Pohn- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ Xv. C¥y≥ P\X C∂p
t\cn-Sp-∂-Xv. BtKmf `qh¬°-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw km{am-
Py-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw {]iv\ß - f - m-Wv. C¥y-bpsS sFIy-hpw,
AJ-WvUX - bpw ImØp-kq-£n-°m-ØX - p-aqe-amWv C¥y
Hcn-°¬ hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´-Xv. C¥y-bn¬ C∂v {]Xy-£-s∏-
Sp∂ On{Z i‡n-Iƒ C¥y-bpsS D≈nepw ]pdØpw
Hcp-t]mse Df-f-h-bm-Wv. temI-Øns‚ F√m `mK-ß-
fnepw \S-°p∂ hnL-S-\ hmZw, Xo{hhmZw F∂nh
C¥y≥ P\-Xb - nepw kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂p. Ccp-]Øn
H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ FØn \n¬°p∂ temI-Øn¬- C-
¥ysb temI-Ønse h≥i-‡n-bm-°pI F∂Xv Hmtcm
hnZym¿∞nbp-sSbpw ISa-bm-Wv. hyh-kmb hnπ-h-Øn-
\p-tijw temIw I≠ G‰hpw henb kmaq-ly-am‰w
F∂v kmaqly imkv{X⁄∑m¿ hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂
Iw]yq-´-dns‚ temI-Øn-te-°mWv ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbpw
]nd∂p hogp-∂-Xv. hyhkmb hnπ-h-Øn-eqsS {_n´≥
t\Snb kmt¶-XnI hnZyIƒ- C¥ysbt∏m-se-bp≈
aq∂mw temI cmPy-߃°v e`n-®n--√. AXn\m¬ C¥ysb
ASna-°-fm°n \n¿Øm≥ Ah¿°v Ign-™p. C¥ysb
]pØ≥ kmt¶-XnI ]cn-⁄m-\-Øn-eqsS h≥ i‡n-bm-
°m≥ ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v Ign-b-Ww. AtXm-sSm∏w
amXr-I-]uc∑m-cmbn hf¿∂phcm≥ {ian-°-Ww. h¿§o-
b-X, hnL-S-\-hmZw, Xo{h-hmZw F∂n-h°v AXo-X-ambn
Nn¥n®v C¥y- b psS sFIyhpw i‡nbpw Du´n-
bpd∏n°m≥ Ah¿°p Ign-b-s´.
tPmjn.]n
A≤ym-]I - ≥
Pn.-Pn.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. ^tdm°v
sISm-hn-f°v
C∂se s]bvXphoW
ag-Øp-≈n-t]m¬
XymKn-I-fmb kzX-{¥ytk\m\n-Iƒ
s]bvXphoW ag-Øp≈nbm-sW-¶ntem
`qan-bp-ambn ebn-®p- tN-cp-∂p.
AXp-t]mse tk\m\nX≥ hoc-arXyp
\ΩpsS s\©n-semcp I\-embn-t®cp∂p
Hcp ag-bv°p-a-W-bmsX kq£n®p
Rm\m I\-en-s\-bn-∂p-tam-a-\n-°p-∂p.
kzmX{¥yw Xs∂ Aar-X-am-sW∂v
Btcm sNhn-bn¬ ]d-™p-X-∂p.
Hcp sImSp-¶m‰m I\-ens\ sXm´-t∏mƒ
Adn-bmsXbXn-semcp Pzme-bp-≠mbv
acn-°n√ \ΩpsS a\- n¬ tk\m-\n-Iƒ
ac-W-tam {]]-©-Øn≥ anYy-am-{Xw.
iymwPnXv.sI.kn
AKG
"Fs‚ Pohn-X-I-Y'
]mh-ß-fpsS ]S-Ø-e-h≥, tIcfw I≠ G‰hpw
henb a\p-jy-kvt\-ln, \nkzm¿Y-amb s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-
\-Øns‚ {]XoIw CØcw hnti-j-W-߃°v XnI®pw
tbmKy-\m-bn-cp∂ {io. F.-sI.-Pn-bpsS Bfl-I-Y-bmWv
"Fs‚ Pohn-X-IY'. 1904 HIvtSm-_¿ amk-Øn¬ hSs°
ae-_m-dnse Nnd-bv°¬ Xmeq-°n-emWv Ct±lw P\n-®-
Xv. kzmX{¥y kac ImesØ At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-
\-ß-fpw, t\cn-tS≠nh∂ A\p-`-h-ßfpw Dƒs∏´ Hcp
Ime-L-S-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-am-Wv Cu {KŸ-Øn-eqsS hy‡-
am-°p-∂-Xv.
""1935 Ime-L´w ˛ ^tdm-°n¬ "Hm´p-I-º-\n-sXm-gn-
emfn bqWn-b≥' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp bqWn-b-\m-cw-`n-®p.
kwL-Sn-Xa - mb sXmgn-emfn ka-csØ ASn-®a
BZy- { i- a w - a - e - _ m¿ Hm´p- I - º - \ n- b n- e mWv \S- ∂ - X v .
tLmjbm-{X-If - n¬ ]s¶-Sp-ØX - n\v sXmgn-em-fn-Isf ]ncn-
®p-hn-S¬, tbmK-Øn\v ÿew In´m-sX-bm-°¬, tbmKw
Ie-°m≥ Kp≠-Isf Ab-°¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-cp∂p
Ah-cpsS \b-߃.
Cu {]hrØn-I-fn¬ {]Xn-tj-[n®v kJmhv sI.-]n.-
tKm-]m-e≥ Iº-\n-]-Sn-°n¬ 10 Znhkw \ncm-lm-c-{hXw
A\p-jvTn-®p. CXv ^tdm-°nse sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°n-Sb
Hcp henb Cf°w krjvSn-®p.
^tdm°v ]me-Øn-\-SpØv Hcp henb s]mXp-
tbmKw tN¿∂p ÿe- h m- k n- I sf apgp- h ≥ InSnew
sIm≈n-®p-sIm≠v 6000 sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ ]s¶-SpØ Hcp
alm-PmY \SØn tbmK-Øn¬ ]WnapS-°n-\p≈ Xncp-
am-\-sa-Sp-Øp.
]Wn-ap-S-°n-\p-apºv 144-˛mw hIp∏v {]Jym-]n-°-s∏-
´p. ^tdm-°ns‚ ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ tbmKw \ntcm-[n-°-s∏-
´p. \ntcm-[-\hpw a¿±-\hpw D≠m-bn´pw ^tdm-°nse
[oc-cmb sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ ]Wn-ap-S°v XpS¿∂p''
kºm-Z\w: Ajn≥Zm-kv.-]n.
kzX-{¥ `mcXw
ho≠p-samcp kzmX-{¥y-Zn\w kam-KXamIp-I-bm-Wv.
C∂v \mw A\p-`h - n-®d- n-bp∂ kzmX{¥yw kzmtZ-dnbXmWv.
AXv t\Sn-Ø-∂-h-sc-°pdn®v \msa-t∏mgpw Hm¿°-Ww.
1947 BKÃv 15-\mWv \ap°v kzmX{¥yw In´n-b-Xv. At\-
Im-bncw C¥y-°m-cpsS ITn-\-amb ]cn-{i-a-Øns‚ ^e-
am-bmWv kzmX{¥yw t\Sn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv.
1857¬ aod‰v F∂ ÿeØv H∂mw kzmX{¥ykacw
s]m´n-∏p-d-s∏-´p. P\-ß-fn¬ tZi-kvt\lw hf¿Øm≥
klm-bn® Hcp ka-c-amWv H∂mw kzmX-{¥y-k-a-cw. Cu
kacw C¥y-bn¬ Ht´sd am‰-߃°v Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
1915¬ BWv Km‘nPn kzmX{¥yk-a-c-Øn-te°v IS-
∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. C¥y-bn¬ \m\m-`m-KØpw sh≈-°m-tcm-
Sp≈ FXn¿∏v Ae-b-Sn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. sh≈-°m¿ Cd-
°p-aXn sNøp∂ D∏vsXm´v I¿∏qcwhsc F√m-‰n-t\mSpw
Ah¿ FXn¿∏v Im´n. \Sp-tdm-Un¬ hntZ-ihkvXp-°ƒ
am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. l¿Øm¬, kXym-{K-
lw, ]WnapS°v, \nb-a-ewL\w F∂o- am¿K-ß-fn-eqsS
\n -l-I-c-W-{]-ÿm\w cmPy-Øm-I-am\w hym]n-®p.
CXp-ambn _‘s∏´mWv 1921¬ ae-_m¿ el-f D≠mb-
Xv. Cu Iem-]-Øn¬ hmK¨ {SmPUn F∂ Zmcp-W
kw`-hhpw D≠mbn. 1922¬ Nucn-Nucm F∂ ÿeØv
I¿j-I¿ t]meo-kvtÃj≥ IØn®p. 22 t]meo-kp-Im¿
sh¥p acn-®p. 1930 am¿®v 12\v Km‘n-Pn-bpw A\p-bm-bn-
Ifpw ZWvUn-I-S-∏p-dØv D∏v \nbaw ewLn-®p. CXn\v
XpS¿-®-bmbn tIc-f-Ønepw ka-c-߃ Bh-¿Øn°p-I-
bp-≠m-bn. ]ø∂q¿ IS-∏pdØv sI. tIf-∏s‚ t\Xr-Xz-
Øn¬ kXym-{Klw XpS-ßn. CØcw ka-c-߃ C¥y-
°m¿°v sh≈-°m¿s°Xnsc s]mcp-Xm-\p≈ Bfl-hn-
izmkw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øp.
kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n {]b-Xv\n® alm≥am-c-mWv
Km‘n- P n, kp`m- j vN- { µ- t _m- k v, `K- ’ n- ß v,
_me-Kw-Km-[-c-Xn-e-I≥, emem-e-Pv]-Xv-dm-bv, tKmJ-se,
s\lvdp XpS-ßn-b-h¿.
2
Izn‰n¥ym ka-chpw tIc-fhpw
""{io sI.sI.F≥ Ipdp-∏ns‚
"Izn‰n¥ym ka-chpw tIc-fhpw' F∂
{KŸ-Øn¬ Izn‰n¥ym ka-c-Øns‚
]›m- Ø - e - t Øbpw XpS¿∂p- ≠ mb
kw`-h- ]-c-º-c-I-tfbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-
Øp- ∂ p. IqSmsX C¥y≥ tZiob
-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Hcp {lkzm-h-tem-I-
\hpw \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. Izn‰n¥ym {]t£m-
`-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v tIc-f-Øn¬
\S∂ ka-c-ß-fpsS Hcp kw£n-]vX-
cq-]hpw Cu {KŸ-Øn-ep-≠v.
Izn‰n¥ym {]t£m-`-ßsf XpS¿∂v \S∂ tZiob
t\Xm-°-∑mcpsS Ad-Ãn¬ {]Xn-tj-[n®v tImgn-t°mSv
hºn® s]mXp-tbmKw kwL-Sn-∏n-°s - ∏-´p. XpS¿∂v tImgn-
t°mSpw ]cn-k-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw \ntcm-[-\m⁄ \S-∏n-
em-°n. \ntcm-[-\m⁄ ewLn-®p-sIm≠v s]mXp-tbm-K-
ßfpw PmY-Ifpw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. CXns‚ t]cn¬
{]mtZ-inI t\Xm-°-∑m¿ in£n-°-s∏-´p.
Iog-cn-bq¿ F∂ {Kma-Øn¬ "I≠n-bn¬aoج'
ho´n¬ h®p t_mw_p- I ƒ \n¿Ωn- ° pIbpw 1942
BK-Ãn\pw 1943 sabvam-k-Øn\pw CS-bn¬ KqVm-tem-N-
\- I ƒ \S- Ø p- I bpw ^tdm°v XpS- ß nb ]me- ß ƒ
XI¿°m≥ t_mw_p-≠m-°p-Ibpw sSe-{Km^v Iºn-Iƒ
apdn-°p-Ibpw k¿°m¿ sI´n-S-߃ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sh∂ t]cn¬ 27 t]sc {]Xn-tN¿Øv Hcp tIkv
- ¿Øm-\p≈ ^b¬ sNbvXp.
^tdm°v ]mew, B hgn ]´mfw \oßp-∂p-s≠-
∂-dn™v s]mfn-°p-hm≥ {ian®p F∂ t]cn¬ in£n-
°-s∏-´-h-cmWv sI.-hn.-ti-J-c≥, ]md-∏p-d-h≥ {io[-c≥
ssXtØm- S ≥ s]c- ® ≥, sI.- { io- [ - c ≥ XpS- ß n- b - h ¿
^tdm-°n¬ \n∂pw in£n-°-s∏´ a‰p Nne¿ ]qtX-cn-
tIm-cp-Pn, ]t®cn Nn∂-∏≥, cma≥ Ipf-ßc tKm]m-e≥
F∂n-h-cm-Wv.
^tdm°v ]mew s]mfn-°p-hm≥ {ian® tIkv,
- n¬ ^tdm°v Iºn-ap-dn-tIkv (sS-e-{Km^v Iºn) XpSßn
At\Iw tIkp-Iƒ tImgn-t°mSv Xmeq-°n¬ cPn-ÿ
sNøp-Ibpw tIkp-ambn _‘-an-√m-Ø-h-sc-t∏mepw
AdÃp sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Km‘nPn D]-hmkw \S-Ønb 1943 s^{_p-hcn
amk-Øn¬ Hcp PmY Im¬\-S-bmbn ae-_m-dn¬ \n∂pw
]qs\-bnse BKm-Jm≥ sIm´m-cØ - n-te°v ]pd-s∏-´p. Cu
PmY-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØ ]n.-kn.-{io-[-c≥, sI.-tKm-]m-e≥,
sambvXo≥Ip-´n, N¥p (^-tdm-°v) XpS-ßn-bh - c
- psS t]cn¬
\yqbn-k≥kv tIkv Nm¿÷vsNbvXv c≠p-amkw hoXw
in£n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn (am-Xr-`qan, 26 s^{_p. 1943)''
kºm-Z\w : tkm\. F
Ah-km\w 1947 BKÃv 14mw XobXn A¿[cm{Xn
sh≈-°m¿ C¥y- hn´v t]mbn. \Ωƒ Adn-bp∂ t\Xm-
°fpw Adn-bs - ∏-SmØ H´\-h[n C¥y-°mcpw Poh-XymKw
sNbvXmWv \Ωƒ C∂v A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
kzmX{¥yw t\Sm-\m-b-Xv.
1947 BKÃv 29\v tN¿∂ `c-W-L-S-\m-k-anXn tbmKw
`c-WL - S- \
- b
- psS Ic-Sp-tcJ Xøm-dm-°m≥ tUm. _n.-B¿.
Awt_Zv°dpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ 141 Znh-kw sIm≠mWv
`c-W-L-S-\-bpsS IcSv Xømdm-°n-b-Xv. N¿®-Iƒ°pw
hni-I-e-\-߃°pw tijw t`Z-K-Xn-I-tfm-sS C¥y≥
`-c-W-L-S\ Xøm-dm-hm≥ aq∂p-h¿jtØmf-sa-SpØp.
P\p-hcn 26 Xs∂ `cWLS\ AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw
dn∏-ªn°v Zn\-ambpw Xnc-s™-Sp°m≥ Imc-W-hp-ap-≠v.
tZiob {]t£m-`I - m-eØv B Znhkw kzmX{¥y-Zn-\a
- mbn
BtLm-jn®ncp-∂-Xns‚ kvac-W-bv°mWv Cu Xocp-am-
\w. G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Imew C¥y-bpsS {]kn-U‚m-bn-
cp-∂Xv \ΩpsS {]Ya cmjv{S]-Xn-bmb tUm: cmtP-{µ{]-
km-Zm-Wv. _olm¿ Km‘n F∂-dn-bs - ∏Sp∂ At±lw 1950
P\p-hcn 26 apX¬ 1962 sabv 12 hsc B ÿm\w XpS-¿-
∂p.
P\-t£a c - mjv{Sw F∂-XmWv dn∏-ªnIv F∂ hm°ns‚
A¿∞w. "s]mXp-Im-cyw' F∂¿∞-ap≈ "sdkv]-ªn°'
F∂ em‰n≥ ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Cu hm°p-≠m-b-Xv.
{]tXyI `c-W-L-S-\bv°p Iogn¬ cmPysØ `cWw
\nb{¥n°p∂Xn\p≈ cmjv{SØehs\ P\-߃ Xnc-
s™-Sp-°p∂ k{º-Zm-bw \ne-\n¬°p∂ cmjv{Sßsf-
bmWv "dn∏-ªnIv' F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS ]c-am-[n-
Imcw P\- ß ƒ°m- W v . P\- ß - f psS Xmev ] - c y- ß ƒ
`c- W - L S- \ - b psS N´- ° qSn¬ \n∂psIm≠v \n¿h-
ln°m\p≈ {]Xn-\n[n am{X-am-Wv `cWI¿Øm°ƒ.
C¥y Hcp "P\-Iob P\m-[n-]Xy dn∏ªnIv' BWv.
BZ¿i.bp
 kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\-Nn-¥-Iƒ. Pn.-Pn.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv, ^tdm°v
P∑m-hI
- miw
kzmX{¥yw \ΩpsS P∑m-h-Imiw
Bcpw tamjvSn-°n-√o-b-h-Imiw
_m∏pPn \¬In-sbm-co-b-h-Imiw
\jvS-s∏SmsX \mw ImØp sIms≈Ww
IØp∂ Zo]-Øn≥ \mfw t]mse
kq£n°Ww \ΩpsS kzmX{¥y Zo]w.
PnjvW. sI.
BKÃv 15 ˛ kzmX-{¥y-Zn\w
A⁄Xbpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw sImSn-IpØn
hmWn-cp∂ Imew .. \msa∂ B[p-\nI Xe-ap-d-bv°-dn-
bn√ B Ak-l-\o-b-am-bn-cp∂ Ime-Øns‚ Pohn-X -
ssi- e n- s b- ° p- d n®v .... Hmtcm `mc- X o- b \pw A∂v
{_n´ojpIm-cpsS Imh¬ \mb-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS ]n≥
Xe-ap-d-°m-cmb `mc-Xo-b-c-\p-`-hn-t°≠ kzØv {_n´o-
jp-Im-c-\p-`-hn-°p∂ B Zb-\obamb ÿnXn-sb-°p-dn®v
Hm¿°m≥ IqSn hø.... Fs¥mckl-\o-b-am-bn-cp∂p
B ÿnXn.. F∂m¬ kzmX{¥yw Hmtcm `mc-Xo-bs‚bpw
auen-Im-hI - m-ia
- m-sW∂ Xncn-®d- n-thm-sS alm-flm-Km-‘n-
sb-t∏m-se-bp≈ Ht´sd alm-flm-°f - psS {]h¿Ø\ ^e-
am-bn-´mWv \ap°o kzmX-{¥yw e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. alm-
flm-Km-‘n-bpƒs∏sS-bp≈ Ht´-sd-t∏-cpsS [m¿-ΩnI
i‡n-bpsS ^e-amWo kzmX-{¥yw..., Poh-Xym-K-Øns‚
^e-amWo kzmX-{¥yw.
F∂m¬ C∂sØ kaqlw CXn-s\-°p-dn-s®m∂pw
hmNm-e\ - m-Ip-∂n-√. ap≥X-ea - p-dbpsS Poh-Xym-K^- e - a- mbn
t\Sn-sb-SpØ Cu kzmX{¥yw ]ecpw CXn-s\-°p-dn-
s®m∂pw Nn¥n-°msX Zp¿hn-\ntbmKw sNøp-∂p... \nb-
a-ß-fpsS A\pkc-W-Øn-eqsS am{Xta kzmX{¥yw
\ne\n¬°pIbp-≈q... F∂m¬ \nIpXn sh´n-∏neq-sS-bpw,
Ah-Im-i-k-a-c-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ s]mXp-ap-X¬ \in-∏n-°p-
∂-h\pw a‰pw Cu kzmX{¥yw Zp¿hn-\n-tbmKw sNøp-I-
bm-Wv... bYm¿YØn¬ Ah-sc-t∏m-ep≈ `mc-Xo-b¿ Cu
kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\¿l-c√ - . \ap°v \ΩpsS ]n≥X-ea
c‡- s amgp°n kΩm- \ n® Cu kzmX{¥yw
Zp¿hn\ntbmKw sNøp-I-bm-Wv... bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ah-c-
h-sc-t∏m-ep≈ `mc-Xo-b¿ Cu kzmX{¥yØn\¿l-c√.
\ap°v Cu kzmX{¥yw F√m \nb-a-ßfpw A\p-k-cn®v
Hcp \√ C¥y≥ ]uc-\mbn Pohn®v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°mw....
\mw, lnµp-hm-tI≠, apkveoam-tI≠, {InkvXym\nbm
tI≠. alm-fl-Pnbpw Iq´cpw t\Sn-Ø∂ kzmX{¥yw
atX-Xc th¿Xn-cn-hn-√msX \mw Hcp t]mse A\p-`-hn-
°-Ww..
Cuiz- c kv t \lw Ign- ™ m¬ cmPy- k v t \- l - a mWv
Hmtcm `mc-Xo-b\pw {][m-\-ambpw th≠-Xv. k¿∆Kp-W-
ß-fnepw Db¿∂Xv cmPy-kvt\-la - m-Wv. Cu cmPy-Øns‚
]ptcm-KXn P\-ßsf B{ibn®ncn-°p-∂p. \mw \∂m-
bm¬ Cu \mSpw \∂m-Ipw. \ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-am-Wv
Cu cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvIm-cw. hm°n¬ am{Xw Hcp
cmPy-kv-t\-ln-bm-bm¬t∏mc, bYm¿∞ cmPykvt\ln
t\m°p-∂Xv amXr-cmPyw X\n°mbn F¥p sNbvXp-sh-
∂-√.. Xm≥ Xs‚ amXr-cm-Py-Øn-\mbn F¥p-sN-bvXp-
sh-∂m-Wv. Cu cmPykvt\l-Øns‚ DØ-a- am-Xr-I-bm-
Im≥ \a-p°v t]mcm-Smw. Aß-s\bßs\ `mc-X-sa∂
t]cp-tI-´m¬ Xs∂ Hmtcm a\pjy\pw A`n-am-\n°Ww.
Fkv. apl-ΩZv imew.
kzmX{¥y
Zml-Øn-\mbv `qan
IØp∂ NqSn-embv hnßn-Ø-f¿s∂mcm
`qanX≥ t\mhn-∂-dn-bp∂p Rm≥
`qan X≥ Bflmhpw `qan-X≥ a\ pw
\odpw acp-`q-an-bm-I-bn-t∏mƒ
\mZw apg-°p∂ Acp-hn-Iƒ X∂psS
\mZans∂hnsS \mw tI´n-Sp-∂p.
h‰n-h-c-s≠mcm aÆns‚ Zmlhpw
NsØm-Sp-ßo-Sp∂ aÆns‚ a°fpw
IØmØ hnf-°p-t]m¬ ZpxJØn≥ hoYn-bn¬
\n¬°-bm-Wns∏mgpw `qan-bn∂v
]e-h´w kzX-{¥y Zml-Øn-\m-e-hƒ
sImXn-®p-t]mbv X∂psS _mey-Im-e-Øn-\mbv
Hcp-h´w IqSnbm ]gb Ime-Øn-\mbv
tXßp∂Km[amw IÆn\m-en-∂n-hƒ
thZ-\-bm-bvI-bm¬ sabv ]nf¿t∂m-Sp∂
`qan-°n-\n-bmcp NnX-sbm-cp°pw
`qan-°n-\n-bmcp NnXsbmcp-°pw.
[\y.]n
3
"Acßp ImWmØ \S≥'
Ign™ Imew
sI.-]n.-tI-ih
- t- a-t\m≥
"Acßp ImWmØ \S≥' F∂ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬
{io.-Xn-t°m-Sn-b≥ 1980 \p apºp≈ A©p Zim-_vZ-ß-
fn¬ tIc-f-Ønse kmaqly kmwkvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fnse
\thm-∞m-\sØ hc®p Im´p∂p. \nc-h[n kzmX{¥y (1921 BKÃv 6 (a-e-_m¿ Iem] Imew)
ka-c\ - m-bI
- ∑
- m-cpsS \nkzm¿∞-amb tkh-\Ø
Iƒ- B-scbpw Bthiw sIm≈n-°p-∂p.
- ns‚ IY-
{io. sI.]n. tIihta-t\m≥ 24 tIm¨{K p-Im-tcm-
sSm∏w elf HXp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠ {ia-߃°mbn
Xnt°m-Sn-bs‚ hm°p-I-fn-eqsS ^tdm°v Gd-\m-´n-te°v ]pd-s∏-Sp∂p.
""alm-bp-≤-Øns‚ sISp-Xn-bn¬ bmX-\-I-fpsS ""R߃ 24 t]¿ 6 PUv° h≠n-I-fn¬ tImgn-t°mSv
Ccp≠ \mfp-If - n¬, Bizm-kØ - ns‚ ssIØn-cn-bp-ta¥n \n∂p ]pd-s∏´v ^tdm°v ]me-Øn-\-Sp-sØ-Øn. ]me-
Fhn-sS-sbms° tkh-\a - m-hi
- y-apt≠m Ahn-sS-sbms° Øn\- c n- I n¬ ]´mf- Ø ns‚ Imh¬. Unkv { SnIv S v
]ms™-Øp∂ Hcp alm-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p ae-_m-dn¬- ˛ aPn-kvt{S-‰ns‚ IØp-ambn ]me-Øns‚ Acn-In¬ \n∂
{io.-hn.-B¿. \mb-\m¿, tImf-d-bpsS Idp-Øn-cp≠ \ng-
km¿P‚ns\ kao-]n-®p. tXm°v Fs‚ t\sc Xncn®v
en¬ `oXn-]q≠v hnd-ß-en®p InS∂ {Kma-ß-fn¬ BZy-
""Bcm-WXv'' F∂v Dds° tNmZn-®p.
In- c - W - ß - f psS NqSpw {]Im- i hpw F∂ t]mse
\mb-\m¿ FØn-t®-cp-∂p''. sI.-]n. : ""Hcp kplr-ØmWv''
""tkh-\Ø - n-\mbn F\n°p \n¿t±-in®p X∂ ÿew
k¿P‚ v : ""Ctßm´p hcq kplrsØ''
^dq-°m-Wv. AhnsS ]e ÿe-Ømbn A\m-Y-in-ip-°-
fp-≠v. Rm\ev]w ]cn-{`-a-tØm-sS-bmWv ^tdm-°n-se- Rm≥ aPn-kvt{S-‰ns‚ IØp ImWn-®p. AhnsS
Øn-b-Xv. k∑-\- p-≈-hcpw tkh\ ]mc-º-cy-ap-≈-h-cp- Iymºp sNbv X n- c p∂ "tSm´≥lmw' F∂ DtZym- K -
amb Nnesc Rm≥ Is≠-Øn. tUmIvS¿ ]n.-sI.-cm-a≥ ÿ\mWv AXn-\p≈ A[n-Imcw. ]Øp-an-\n´v Ign-
tImf- d - _ m[ {]tZ- i - Ø nse tkh- \ - { ]- h ¿Ø- \ - bptºmtg°v "tSm´≥lmw' sdbn¬sh tÃj-\n¬ \n∂pw
߃°mWv Rm≥ h∂-sX-∂d- n-™t- ∏mƒ AXoh k¥p- R߃ \n∂ ÿe-sØ-Øn. Bfp-Isf FÆn-t\m°n.
jvS\- m-bn. tUmIvSdpw klm-bn-bmb Ip´≥ Itºm-≠dpw PASS - 24 Non -Cops. from Calicut Taluk to Ernad Taluk along
tZiob {]ÿm\tØmSv IqSn-t®¿∂p {]h¿Øn-°p-∂- the Feroke bridge - F∂v B IØns‚ ]pd-sØ-gpXn ˛
h-cm-Wv. Rßsf Gd-\m-´n-te°v t]mIm-\-\p-h-Zn® ]mkv. NON-
COPS F∂Xv Non Co-operators F∂-Xns‚ Npcp-°amWv.
Rßsf Ak-`y-hm-°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-hm\pw Rß-fpsS
Iq´-Øn-ep≈ t`Z-s∏-´-h-cmb ]e-cp-sSbpw apJØv Xp∏p-
hm\pw t]meokpIm¿°v aSn-bp≠mbn√.''
- p-d°
- m¿ kºm: Acp¨Zmkv.F
\an°pIo \mSn-s\.....
kzmX-{¥y-Øn≥ sImSn-bnXm ]mdn°-fn-°p∂p
Bbncw P\-X-bpsS Poh-\n-eqsS
\an°pIo ]Xm-Isb P\X X≥ Pohs\
Im‰nXm sas√ sas√ XgpIn hcp-∂p.
ssI tIm¿Øp \n∂nSmw
Ic-fp-d∏p t\SnSmw
Fßpw F∂pw kzmX-{¥ytaInb
_m∏p-Pnsb \an-®n-Smw.
]mc-X{¥yØn≥ `qan-bn¬
kzmX{¥yw hs∂Øn
c‡-s®m-cn-®n-en≥ K‘-hp-ambn
Xo{h-th-Z-\-X≥ kv]µ-\-ambv
aX-ta-Xpan√msX aaX X≥ Poh-\n¬
aRvPpf abq-J-amb Poh-\n¬ Icp-tØIn
A\mY aµn-c-Øn-\p-th≠n ]qtX-cn-°m¿ Hcp hoSv
HØp-\m-an-t∏mgpw kzmX{¥y Xncn \o´phm≥
kuP-\y-ambn sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p-ht{X. hn{i-a-an-√mØ ]pjv]m¿®\ \¬In \an-®n-Sp-hm≥
tkh-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v apºn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-cmWv \an-°p-hn≥ ]Xm-Isb \an-°p-hn≥ C¥ysb
Ip´≥ Isºu-≠dpw Ip™n-cm-a≥ tUmIvSdpw. Bth-i-Øn≥ Pzme-bp-W¿Ønb
tZi-kvt\-ln-Isf.
NnIn-’bpw ip{iq-jbpw Ah¿ Gs‰-Sp-Øp. sNdn- Pn≥kn. Sn.-]n.
sbmcp I®-h-Shpw Iayq-WnÃv {]h¿Ø-\-hp-ambn Ign-
bp∂ Xqtº-´≥ (s]-cp-s¥mSn Xqº≥) F√m klm-b-
Pbvlnµv
ßfpw \mb-\m-cpsS {]ÿm-\Ø- n-\pth≠n ASn-bd sh®n- ]{Xm[n] kanXn
cp-∂p. F√m hn[-Øn-ep-ap≈ klm-bhpw t{]m’m-l-
\hpw ^tdm-°n¬\n∂v e`n-®n-cp-∂p. apjn-∏p-tXm-∂n-°p∂ {iotZhnbΩ.-Fkv (Ãm^v FUn-‰¿)
s]cp-am‰w Fhn-sSbpw D≠m-bn√. icWy IX. I
"^tdm°v SuWn¬ Hcp ]oSnI-bpsS Ncn-hn¬ Acp¨Zmkv X. H
`nØnbpw Nmcn c≠p Ip™p-߃ Ccn-°p-∂p. Hcm¨Ip- tKm]nI IX. O
´nbpw Hcp s]¨Ip-´nbpw. aÆpw-s]m-Snbpw \nd™ lcnX VIII. E
Ip∏mbw. At\z-j-W-߃s°m-Sp-hn¬ AhcpsS adp-]-
iymwPnØv. sI.-kn. X. J
Sn.
kvt\l. F. VIII. C
""F¥m \ns‚ t]cv?'' _ocm≥
BXnc IX. A
""Ch-fmcm?'' ""A\n-bØn _ohmØp''
""DΩbpw _m∏bpw FhnsS'' D]-tZ-iI kanXn
""DΩms\ D∏ sIm∂p. D∏ms\ t]meokv Xq°n''
{ioaXn. \µ-Ip-amcn. sI ({]n≥kn-∏mƒ)
tImfd _m[-aqew A\mYcmb-sX-s√-¶nepw Ah-
scbpw IqSn A\m-Y-a-µn-c-Ønse At¥-hm-kn-I-fm-°n-b- {io. AtimIv Ipam¿ F.-_n (Ãm^v sk{I-´dn)
t{X. Hcp-amkw Xnt°m-Sn-b≥ Ah-scm-sSm∏w A\m-Y-a- {io. tPmjn. ]n. (A-[ym-]-I¿)
µn-c-Øn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv tImgn-t°m-Sn\v Xncn-
{ioaXn. ssie-P.H. ''
®p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ tUmIvS¿ ]n.-sI.-cm-as‚bpw Ip´≥
Itºm-≠-dp-tSbpw Xqtº-´-s‚bpw kwc-£-W-Øn-emWv '' KoX. sI.-hn. ''
B Ip´n-Iƒ F∂Xv At±-lØn\v henb Bizmkw '' t__n. kn.-Fw. ''
\¬In-bn-cp-∂p.
'' {iotZhnbΩ. Fkv. ''
kºm: A\q-P. C.
kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\-Nn-¥-Iƒ. Pn.-Pn.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv, ^tdm°v 4

ho≠pw hc-hmbv .... Ccp-º-gn-°p-≈n¬ C¥y C∂-se-I-fn-eqsS

ImØn-cp-∂nXm hc-hmbv ""ka- c w- kw- _ - ‘ n- ® p≈
kzmX-{¥y-Zn\w HSphn- e sØ A´n- a dn- ˛ tIc- f - Ø n- "{]h¿Øn-°pI As√-¶n¬ acn-°pI' Km‘n-Pn-
]e-Ip-cp-°p-I-ƒ adn-I-S∂p emsI `qI- º - a p- ≠ m- ° nb B bpsS Cu hm°p-Iƒ Hcn-°¬IqSn ImXp-I-fn¬ apg-ßn-
hc-hm-sb≥ kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\w. kw`hw ˛ ^tdm-°p-]mew s]mfn- b-Xmbn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. AsX.. C¥y Xs‚ Adp-]-
kzmtZdnb kzmX{¥yw °m-\p≈ {ia-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1943 sabv Øn-\memw kzmX-{¥y-Zn\w BtLm-jn-°m≥ Hcp-ßp-∂p.
kz¥-a-h-Imiw \nd-th-‰m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ 30 \v cm{Xn 10 aWn°p ^tdm-°n¬ GIm-¥-X-bpsS Aam-hm-kn-bn¬ C¥y≥ P\-Xbv°v
s{]umVn-tbmsS \man∂p hn.F. -tI-i-h≥ \mb¿ \n∂pw Hcp hº≥s]m-´n-sØ-dn-°-
ssIh∂ Hcp Xp≈n shfn- ® - a m- b n- c p∂p Km‘n- P n.
inc-kp-b¿Øp-∂p. ens‚ H® Fs´m-ºXp \mgnI Np‰pw
tIƒ°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. CSnsh-´pw-h-Æ-ap≈ B apg°w Km‘nPn Xs‚ ]cn-ip-≤-amb ssII-fm¬ ]I¿∂p-
kz¥-am-sb≥ kz]v\w sIm-SpØ Aar-Xm-bn-cp∂p kzmX-{¥yw.
{_n´ojp Kh¨sa‚ns\ {`m¥p-]n-Sn-∏n-®p. C{X hfsc
km£m-Xv°-cn-°m≥
BƒØn- c - ° p≈ ÿe- Ø p- h ®p kna‚pw Ccpºpw apKƒ km{am- P y- Ø ns‚ A[x- ] - X \w apX¬
[oc-P-hm≥am-cpsS ITn\ t]mcm-´w. sIm≠v Dd-∏n-®n-´p≈ B Iq‰≥ ]me-Øn\v kmc-amb
XXv^-e-ambn kzX{¥-ambn \man∂v kzcm-Pn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ t]mcm´w hsc-bp≈ B[p-\nI
hn[-Øn¬ tItS¬∏n® B ImgvN t]meo-kn\pw `c-Wm-
Pohn®p t]mWp. [n- I m- c n- I ƒ°pw kln- ° m≥ Ign- ™ n- √ . F∂m¬ C¥y-bpsS apJw Gsd hncq-]-am-bn-cp∂p. πmkn-bp-≤-
F¥pw t\cn-Sm≥ ss[cy-tamsS Ah¿°v Hcp sXfnhpw In´n-bn--√. t]meokv Ah-cpsS tØmsS sh≈-°m¿ C¥y-bn¬ Xß-fpsS km{am-Py-
h∂-XmWo Phm-∑m¿ ]c°w ]m®n-en¬ Nne-sc-sb√mw Ad-ÃvsN-bvXp. Øn\v ASn-Ø-d-bn´p. ]n∂oSv C¥y ]oU-\-߃ G‰p-
Hm¿tØm-f-Wao _en-b¿∏Ww hm-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kqcy-\-kvX-an-°mØ \m´nse
^tdm-°nse Hcp Nmb tjm∏pSaÿ\pw, (tImaf
ho≠pw ho≠pw \mtam¿tØm-f-Ww hnem-kw) tIm¨{K v A\p-`m-hn-bp-amb A∏p-°p-´n-sb- {]`p-°∑ - m¿ C¥ysb apX-se-SpØp. aX-Øn-s‚bpw PmXn-
Hm¿tØm-f-Ww..... bmWv t]meokv BZyw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. Abmsf Ad-Ãp- bp-tSbpw t]cp-]-d™v C¥y-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ hn≈¬
BZ¿i.bp
sNbvXv tem°-∏n-en´p t]meokv a¿±\w Xmßm-\m-ImsX hogvØn. Hcp-]m-Sp-Imew C¥y-°m¿ sIm≈-°m-cs‚
A∏p°p´n t_m[w-sI´p hoWp. t]meokv Abm-sf hngp∏e°n. Ime-N{Iw Xncn-™p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p. Hcp-\mƒ
ae-_m-dnse t{SUv bqWnb≥ ASn®p s\©p-I-e-°n. F∂n´pw bmsXmcp sXfnhpw
kzmX- { ¥y- s Ø- ° p- d n- ® p≈ Nn¥ C¥y- ° m- c n¬
In´n-bn-√. 10 sIm√sØ ITn\XS-hpw sIm≠v Pbn-en-
{]ÿm-\Øns‚ Ncn{Xw seØnbt∏mƒ £b_m[n-X\ - m-bn. Pbnen¬ sh®v At±- apf- s ]m- ´ n. C¥y≥a- Æ n¬ Hcp- ] mSv kzmX- { ¥y- k - a - c -
{io.- Pn.-Un. \mb¿ Xøm-dm-°nb Hcp ]T-\-amWv l-Øns‚ I-gp-Øn\p ]pd-Ip-hiw tXm°ns‚ _b-W- tk-\m-\n-Iƒ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-Øp. 1857 emWv C¥y-°m¿ BZy-
ae-_m-dnse t{SUv bqWn-b≥ {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Ncn-{Xw. ‰psIm≠v IpØn Hcp Zzmc-am°nam-‰n-bn-cp-∂p Pbne-- ambn sh≈-°m-cs‚ t\¿°v Xncn-®S- n-®X - .v C¥ysb F√m
CXn¬ sXmgn-emfn h¿§-Øns‚ kwL-SnX {]h¿Ø-\- [nIrX¿. tUmIvS¿am-cpsS ip]m¿i-{]-Imcw aq∂p-sIm√w A¿∞-Ønepw h©n® sh≈-°m-cs‚ t\¿°v anX-hm-Zn-
Øn-s‚bpw hf¿®-bp-sSbpw BZy-Ime Ncn{Xw Xøm-dm- Ign-™t∏mƒ A∏p-´nsb hn´p-sh-¶nepw Pbn-en¬ \n∂v Ifpw tZiob-hm-Zn-Ifpw t]mcm-´-Øn-\n-dßn ]t£,
°n-bn-´p-≠v. ]pd-Øp-h-∂n´v Ipd®p amk-߃°nS-bn¬ B [oc-amb
kzmX{¥yw \ap-°t- ∏m-sg√mw AI-se-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
^tdm-°pambn _‘-s∏´ ]cm-a¿i߃ lrZb-Øns‚ anSn∏v F∂-t∂-°p-ambn \n∂p-t]mbn''.
""aX-{]-Nm-c-W-Øn\v FØnb P¿Ω≥ _mk¬ kºm: ]n∂oSv 1915 ¬ Km‘nPn C¥y-bn-te°v h∂-t∏mƒ
an-j≥Im-cmWv ae-_m-dn¬ hyh-km-b-߃°p XpS-°-an- A\p-j.Fw AhnsS C¥y≥ kzmX-{¥y-k-acw \ho-I-cn°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-
´-sX-¶nepw ]n∂oSv Cw•o-jp-Imcpw \mS≥ hyh-km-bn- bn-cp-∂p. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW-tKm-JsebpsS hm°p-Isf
Ifpw B cw-K-tØ°v IS-∂p-h-∂p. 1851 ¬ P¿Ω≥
]mXn-cn-am¿ tImgn-t°mSpw IÆqcpw Hmtcm XpWn-an-√p-
kzmX{¥yw A\p-k-cn-®p-sIm≠v Km‘nPn C¥y-bn¬ kzmX-{¥y-
k-ac {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw-`n-®p. Alnwk Bbp-[-am-
Iƒ ÿm]n-®p. 1866 ¬ awK-em-]p-cØv Hcp Hm´p-I-º\n
Ccp-fns‚ Iºn-I-fn-eqsS hnc-ep-Iƒ ]pd-tØ°n´v °nb t]mcm-´w. 1917 se Nºmc≥ kXym-{K-l-Øn-eqsS
ÿm]n-®p. ssIsIm≠p {]h¿Øn-°p∂ b{¥-ß-fmWv kXy-Øns‚ IgpØv sR°n-∏n-Sn-°p-tºmƒ
AhnsS D]-tbm-Kn-®X - v. XpS¿∂ ]pXn-bd- , ^tdm°v, sImS- XS-hp-]p-≈n°pw Ft¥m Km‘nPn Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ASn-Ø-d -]m-In.
°¬, He-h-t°mSv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnepw Hm´p-I-º-\n-Iƒ A\p-`q-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ apºn¬ "kzmX{¥yw t]mcm-´-Øn-eqsS'
{]h¿Øn®p XpS-ßn. F∂m-t{Im-in-®p-sIm≠v kp`m-jvN-{µ-t_mkv IS-∂p-
ta¬hn-em-ka - n-√m-Øh
- s‚
1935 sabv 26\v ]n.-Ir-jvW] - n-≈b- psS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ t]cn-ep≈ Ip‰w t]m-bn. 24˛mw hb- n¬ cmPy-Øn-\p-th≠n kz¥w Poh≥
tImgn-t°mSv h®p \S∂ hn]p-e-amb ktΩ-f\w kzmX- sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ IdpØ _en-b¿∏n® `KXvknwKns\ \ap°v Hm¿Ωn-°mw. C¥y≥
{¥y-{]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]¶p-sIm-≈m≥ sXmgn- tIm´n\v h√mØ anSp-°mWv
em-fn-Isf Blzm\w sNbvXp. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬ ac-W-a-S-™-h¿ \Ωp-sS-bp-≈nse
am\w ap´p∂ aXn-ep-Iƒ°p-≈n¬
ae-_m¿ tIma¨sh¬Øv {SÃv hI ^tdm-°v, a\- ns\ Xf-°p-tºmƒ C¥y-sb∂ AW-bmØ A·nsb Pzen-∏n-°p-∂p.
tImgn-t°m-Sv, IÆq¿ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse s\bvØp-I-º-\n- sIme-sIm-º-∑m¿ F¥nt\m
1947 HmKÃv 15 C¥ybv°v kzmX{¥yw e`n-®p-sh∂
I-fnepw Hm´p-I-º-\n-I-fn-ep-amWv t{SUv bqWn-b≥ BZyw ho≠pw P\n-°p∂p
apf-s]m-´n-b-Xv. P¿Ω-\n-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp∂p Cu ÿm]-\- hm¿Ø-bn¬ \mw BÀm-Zn-°p-∂p. tImSn-°-W-°n\v
Agn-I-sfÆn Ign-™mepw
߃. H∂mw temI- a - l m- b p- ≤ - Ø n- \ p- t ijw Cu FÆw apgp-h≥ sX‰ntbm? hcp∂ C¥y-°m¿ Dd-ßmsX ImØn-cp-∂-Xns‚ ^ew.
hyh- k m- b - i m- e - I ƒ Cw•o- j p- I m- c p- s S- X mbn. Ah¿ PohnXw ASp-°n-s∏-dp-°p-∂-h¿°pw C¥y≥ kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øns‚ Aa-c-°m-c-\mbn Km‘n-
tIma¨sh¬Øv {SÃm-°n- am-‰n. Nne-t∏mƒ, Pn. At±-l-Øns‚ ssIbn¬ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn® Xo∏¥w
^tdm-°n¬ 6 Hm´p-I-º-\n-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂t{X. IW-°p-sX-‰m-dp≠v IWs° Alnwk. F√mw ChnsS Hm¿t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-
4 FÆw \mS≥hy-hk - m-bn-Ifpw 2 FÆw bptdm-]y≥Imcp- Ccp-fn¬ Aen-™p-t]mb
∂p. 1948¬ Hcp aX-hn-tZz-jn-bpsS ssII-fm¬ shSn-tb‰v
amWv \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv. Iqen Ipd® \S-]-Sn-s°-Xnsc a\- ns‚ AS-bm-f-ß-fn-S-°nsS
^tdm°v Hm´p-I-º\n sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ 19-35 am¿®v 4 apX¬ In´p-tºmƒ "tl dmw' F∂p hnfn- ® p- s Im≠v Km‘nPn \ne- Ø p-
]Wn-ap-S-°n. t]meo-kn-s‚bpw apX-em-fn-am-cp-sSbpw hmS- Nne¿°v Fs¥-∂n-√mØ BÀmZw ho-Wp. B shfn®w AW-™p. C¥y≥ kzmX{¥y ka-
I-Kp-≠I - f
- p-sSbpw ISp-Øa - ¿Z-\ß- sf AXn-Po-hn®v Ah¿ Agn-I-fn¬ \ns∂{X c-N-cn{Xw Hm¿Øv \ap°v A`n-am-\n-°mw. C¥y Hcp-]mSv
kacw hnP-bn-∏n-®p. 1935˛¬ Xncp-hÆ - q-cnepw ^tdm-°nepw Nnd-Ip≈ ]£n-Iƒ {]iv\-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmgpw kzmX-{¥y-Zn\w
\S∂ ]Wn- a p- S - ° p- I ƒ°p - t ijw tIc- f - Ø n- e msI am\-tØ°p ]d-°p∂
\ap°v ]pXnb Hcp Bthiw ]I¿∂v Xcp-∂p. a\- n¬
]pXnb sXmgn-emfn kwL-S\ cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. ]ecpw kqcy-{]-Im-i-Øn¬
Hcp Xo∏¥w IWs° AX-ßs\ Pzen-°-s´.
kºm: Icn™p hoWn-cp∂p
{]W-hv.k
- n.Fw h¿j ]qtXcn sshjvWhv

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