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twGJ(2)? trSwf(2) www.crystalrays.org Mo*kwfv (7) &uf? 2009 ckESpf

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 8
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engineer vkyf&rSmyJvkdU ynm&SifawGu oHk;oyfNyD; 'kwd,tqifhjzpfwJh
RequirementAnalysis udk pwifcJhygw,f/ t"du yg0ifywfoufolwkdU&JU vkdtyfcsuf tcsdKU

'kwd,tqifhrSm ql&SDqkdifeJU t"du yg0ifywfoufol pufcg;ywfay:rSm bmtpm;taomufawG&Sdaew,fqkdwmudk

( s t a k e h o l d e r ) awG&JU vkdtyfcsufudk pepfwus
rSwfwrf;jyKpkMujyefw,f/ (rSwfwrf;jyKpkjcif;[m atmifjrifwJh
enf;ynmpepfwpfck jzpfvmzkdU tvGefta&;BuD;w,f/) RFID
wyfvkdU tqifajyrajy? teD;tem;rSm oHvkdufpufuGif;awG?
taES m uf t ,S u f a wG &S d r &S d u k d v J avh v mcJ h M uao;w,f /
vkdtyfcsufawGudk jznfhqnf;EkdifzkdUtwGuf ukefMurf;ypönf;
vufusefudk tkdifwDpepfu odEkdifzkdUvkdw,f/ 'gaMumifh
ukefMurf;tm;vHk;ukd t0,fawmfu tkdifwDpepfukd toHk;jyK
rSmMum;&rSm jzpfw,f/ (t&ifvkd zkef;quf rrSm&awmhbl;/)
pm;zk d r S L ;ud k v J (t&if v k d cef U rS e f ; p&m rvk d a wmh a tmif )
tk d i f w D p epf u jyay;ae&rS m jzpf v k d U puf c g;ywf a y:uk d
pm;zkdaqmifuae ql&SD yef;uefawG wifvkdufwkdif; pufu
b,f y ef ; uef u k d b,f t csd e f r S m wif v k d u f w ,f q k d w mud k
rSwfom;xm;rSm jzpfw,f/ (tcsdefMumoGm;wJh yef;uefukd
pufcg;ywfay:u ,lcspGefUypfzkdUvJ pm;zkdrSL;udk owday;&
OD;r,fav/) {nfhonfawG ,lpm;vkdufwJh yef;uef (eJUpm;yGJ
trSwf)ukdvJ pufuod&Sd rSwfom;xm;&OD;r,f/ 'grSom
usoifhaiGwGufcsufwJhtcg tqifajyrSmjzpfw,f/ vkdtyfcsuf
toD;oDukd odvmwJhaemuf tkdifwDynm&SifawGu tkdifwDpepf&JU
'DZkdif;udk aemuf 2 qifhrSm qGJom;cJhMuw,f/

(Architecture Design and System Design)

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ql&SDqkdif tkdifwDpepf
aemufwpfqifhrSm HTML, JSP, Java Script, Flash front-end
eJU Java/ODBC back-end oHk;xm;wJh ql&SDqkdifpepfwpfckudk
enf;ynm&Sifrsm;u wnfaqmufMuNyD; aemufqHk;tqifh (tqifh
6) rSm wnfaqmufxm;wJh pepfudk orm;&kd;us ppfaq;rIawGukd
jyKvkyfygw,f/ ppfaq;rIawGrSm tykdif;wpfckcsif;pD ppfaq;rI
( module test )? aygif ; pyf p pf a q;rI ( integration test )?
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIeJU pGrf;aqmif&nf ppfaq;rI (functionality and
performance tests) awGyg0ifygw,f/

oifcef;pmrsm;
tqifhjrifhenf;ynmukd toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh ukefvufusef? 30-40 ay;&vdkU aps;BuD;wmygyJ/ pm;aomufqkdiftwGif; RFID tag
pm;oHk;rIESifh pm;oHk;oltBudKufwkdUukd tcsdefESifh wajy;nD rsm;ukd wausmhjyeftoHk;jyKEkdifatmif 'DZkdif;a&;qGJjcif;jzifh
od&Sdjznfhqnf;Ekdifjcif;? tcsdefMumvkdU okd;ukefwJh ql&SDawGudk 'Djyóemukd enf;ynm&Sifrsm;u ajz&Sif;cJhMuygw,f/
pufcg;ywfay:uae trSm;t,Gif;uif;uif;? tcsdefwkdwkdjzifh
z,f & S m ;Ek d i f j cif ; ? usoif h a iG wG u f c suf & mwG i f tqif a jy tjcm; tk d i f w D p epf r sm;enf ; wl y J ql & S D q k d i f p epf
acsmarG U apjcif ; pwJ h tusd K ;tjrwf a wG u d k &&S d c J h y gw,f / atmif j rif & wmuawmh xd y f w ef ; tk y f c sKyf o l r sm;rS
enf;ynmynm&Sifrsm; awGU&Sdajz&Sif;cJh&wJh pdefac:rIrsm;uawmh tm;ay;vkdUjzpfygw,f/ enf;ynmaMumifh avvGifhrIenf;yg;jcif;?
enf;ynmtopfukd em;vnfwwfuRrf;atmif tm;xkwf&jcif;? pm;oH k ; ol t wG u f jref q ef a csmarG U apjcif ; pwmawG a Mumif h
oHk;pGJolrS toHk;jyK&ef wGefUqkwfjcif;? enf;ynmopftay: ql&SDqkdifuav;[m NydKifbufawGudk tEkdif,lEkdifcJhygw,f/
rS w f o m;avmuf w J h tcsuf u awmh pepf w nf a qmuf w J h
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHjcif;jzifh tjrwftpGef;&&SdEkdifonfukd pm;aomufqkdif tqifhwkdif;rSm rSwfwrf;pepfwus jyKpkjcif;eJU enf;ynmopf
tkyfcsKyfolrsm; od&Sd vufcHvmatmif ynmay; pnf;&Hk;&jcif;? (RFID) twGuf toHk;jyK& tqifajyrajy (taESmuft,Suf&Sdr&Sd)
enf;ynmtultnDrsm; qufvufyHhykd;&jcif;wkdUjzpfygw,f/ BudKwifppfaq; prf;oyfjcif;wkdUyJ jzpfygw,f/
ta&;tBuD;qHk; pdefac:rIwpf&yfuawmh RFID tag awG[m qifh
ed*Hk;
ql&SDqkdif&JU oifcef;pmukd &,lNyD; pmzwfol vkyfief;&Sif taygif;wkdUvJ enf;ynm&JU tultnDeJU vkyfief;awG
wkd;wufatmifjrifygap? pmzwfol tkdifwDynm&Sifrsm;vJ atmifjrifwJh tkdifwD pepfawG wnfaqmufEkdifygapvkdU qkrGefaumif;
awmif;vkduf&ygw,f/

0efcHcsuf?
yHkrsm;tm;vHk;udk usrf;ukd;yg pmwrf;rS &,lxm;ygonf/
usrf;ukd;?
Development of an RFID-based sushi management system: The case of a conveyor-belt sushi restaurant
By E.W.T. Ngai, F.F.C. Suk, S.Y.Y. Lo
Appeared in Int. J. Production Economics 112 (2008) 630–645

ppf ok H ; a& o wå 0g rsm;

uRef a w m f w d k Y a e x d k i f w J h urÇmMuD;rSmenf;ynmawG
R i c h a r d ppf a &;enf ; ynmawG wd k ; wuf v monf E S i h f t rS s wpf E d k i f i H E S i h f w pf E d k i f i H
vuf e uf t m;omatmif enf ; ynmtm;omatmif tjyd K if t qd k i f
MudK;pm;tm;xkwfaeMuonf/ xdkuJhodkY
enf;ynmppfa&; ynmrsm;tm;omatmif
tm;xkwfcsufrsm;wGif a&owå0grsm;&JU
uRrf ; usif r I p G r f ; tif u d k toH k ; jyKNyD ; vl o m;wd k Y
rpGrf;aqmifEdkifaomudpörsm;udk a&owå0grsm;&JU
tul t nD j zif h pG r f ; aqmif E d k i f a tmif
MudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI tydkif;udk
uRefawmf tenf;i,f wifjy vdkygonf/
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1959 ckESpfwGif tar&duefa&wyf tcgrSm tJholwdkY vkyfvdkufwJht&mawGuae MMS Sys tem wpfckqDrSm
rS U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program jyef v mwJ h toH u d k vif ; yd k i f a wG u t&m&SdeJY &dk;&kd; ppfom;tygt0if Mammals
udk pwifcJhygonf/ a&wyfrS scientist aocsmem;axmifygw,f/ xdkjyefvmwJh av;aumifuae &Spfaumiftxd yg0if
awGeJYtwl Sided Pacific white trsdK;tpm; toH a wG u bmawG v J qd k w mud k ygw,f / ol w d k Y u d k wpf a e&muae
Notty vd k Y trnf & wJ h vif ; yd k i f e J Y vif ; yd k i f a wG u Handler awG u d k j yef N yD ; wpf a e&mud k o,f a qmif w J h t cgrS m
pwif c J h y gw,f / tar&d u ef a &wyf [ m owif;ay;ygw,f/ vif;ydkifawG[m olwdkY av,mOf oabmFeJY um;awGudk toHk;jyKNyD;
v i f ; y d k i f a w G & J Y h d r o d y n a m i c s Handler awGudkolwdkY &SmwJh[m awGY&if o,faqmifygw,f/ xdkYtjyif ukef; a&
ud k p d w f 0 if p m;cJ h y gw,f / vif ; yd k i f a wG wpfMudrf response jyefvkyfygw,f olwdkY avoGm; oabmFawGtay: rSmvnf;
a&xJrSm vIyf&Sm;yHkawGudk MunhfNyD;awmh &SmwJh[m rawGY&ifvnf; wpfjcm;enf;eJY wif N yD ; awmh vd k t yf w J h a e&mawG r S m
olwdkY a&wyf&JU oabmFawG? a&ikwf response jyef v k y f y gw,f / tu,f v d k Y toHk;jyKygw,f/ Multinational RIMPAC
o a b m F a w G ? t o r p e d o a w G & J Y rdkif;awG&SmawGY&ifawmh Handler awGu 94 avh u sih f c ef ; wH k ; u vif ; yd k i f e J Y
yHkpHudkwdk;wufapcsifcJhygw,f/ xdkaemufrSm vif;ydkifawGudk ydkYvGwfNyD;awmh awGY&SdwJh olYudkxdef;ausmif;wJh Handler awGudk
awmh tar&duef a&wyfu vif;ydkifawG&JU ae&mudk rSwfom;cdkif;ygw,f 'grSom uk e f ; a&ES p f c k v H k ; oG m ;Ed k i f w J h oabmF
x l ; j c m ; w J h t & n f t c s i f ; a w G u d k a&wyf o abmF a wG a&wyf a &ik w f JUNEAU ( LPD 10 ) ay:uae o,f,l
pl ; prf ; avh v mzd k Y pwif y gawmh w ,f / orm;awG tJhae&mudk a&Smif&Sm;EdkifrSm yd k Y a qmif c J h y gw,f / xd k a vh u sih f c ef ; ud k
vif;ydkifawG Sonar ukd toHk;jyK rI ? vlawG jzpfygw,f/ rpwifcif MK 4 vif;ydkif ESpfaumif MK 7
rul;EdkifwJh a&eufydkif;udk vif;ydkifawG vif;ydkif av;aumifudk txl;jyKvkyfxm;wJh
ul;cwfEdkifrIpwJh vif;ydkifawG&JY tar&duefa&wyf&JU xkduJhodkYaom a&ief a&ul;uefxJrSm xnhfNyD;awmhaocsm
xl;jcm;wJhpGrf;tifawGudk aocsm toHk;jyK Program udk Navy Marine Mammal oabmFeJYurf;uyfxm;ygw,f/ avhusifcef;
Edkifap&ef tar&duefa&wyfu pwif Program (NMMP) vd k Y a c:ygw,f / pw,fqdkwmeJY olwdkYudk a&xJodkY vGwfay;NyD;
aqmif&Gufygawmhw,f/ xdkuJhodkY vif;ydkif&JU vif ; yd k i f a wG u d k toH k ; jyK&jcif ; [m Handler awGu ab;uae oabmF
pGrf;aqmifrIrsm;[m tar&duefa&wyfu vlom;awG jyKvkyfxm;wJh Hardware Sonar tao;eJ Y uyf v d k u f N yD ; avh u sih f c ef ;
a&ikwform;awGeJY twlwlwGJNyD; tvkyf awG x uf yd k N yD ; awmh pG r f ; aqmif & nf vkyfwJhae&mudk oGm;ygawmhw,f/
vk y f u d k i f & ef yd k N yD ; pOf ; pm;vmMuygawmh aumif ; NyD ; awmh wd u saocsmvd k Y y gbJ
w,f/ yif v ,f a &atmuf Murf ; jyif a wG r S m MMS Mammals awGudkvJ 1996
rdkif;&SmazGjcif;rsm;? oabmFysuf&SmazGjcif; ckESpfwHk;u San Diego rSm jyKvkyfwJh
a&jrKwf r d k i f ; awG [ m acwf r S D rsm;tm; vlom;rsm;jyKvkyfxm;aom Sonars Republican Convention rSm Waterfront
wdk;wufvmNyD;awmh yifv,fjyifrSm &efol&JU rsm;udk toHk;jyKaomfvnf; vif;ydkifrsm; Security twGuf toHk;jyKcJhygao;w,f/
o a b m F w d k Y a v , m O f w d k Y w d k Y u d k wGif&Sdaom Biological Sonar uJhodkY rwdus
ESpfjrKwfEdkifNyD;awmh vlaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm raumif;rGefyg/ Sea lions rsm;udkvnf; MK 4 A four Dolphin Searching
ud k aoaMu'Pf & m &apygw,f / a&wyf & J U MMS Programs awG r S m Detachment that Detects and Marks the
location of moored Mines
a&jrKwf r d k i f ; rsm;aMumih f tar&d u ef & J Y toHk;jyKygao;w,f/ Sea Lions awG&JU
a&wyfoabmFajrmufjrm;pGm qHk;&IHk;cJhovdk a&atmufrS wdusaocsmNyD;awmh cufcJwJh MK 5 A Four Sea Lions exercise
touf a ygif ; rsm;pG m vnf ; ay;qyf t&mrsm;udk aocsmMum;Edkifaom mine Recovery Unit that operates training
cJh&ygw,f/ 1950 ckESpf rSm a&wyf oabmF em;axmifpGrf;tifeJY tjrifpGrf;tm;awG Mines Fitted with Acoustic pingers . The
Sea Lions can locate these mines in
19 pD ; om &S d w J h tar&d u ef a &wyf aMumihf xkdvif;ydkifeJY Sea Lions awGudk Depths to 1000 feet and Attach the
oabmFawGxJ u 14 pD;[m a&jrKwfrdkif; a&wyfu aocsm avhusihfay;NyD;awmh recovery device.These Sea Lions were
'PfaMumihf ysufpD;qHk;&IHk; cJh&ygw,f/ vdktyfwJh avhusihfcef;awGrSm us,fus,f used in Persian Gulf in 2003
xdkYtwGufaMumihf tar&duefa&wyf[m jyefYjyefY toHk;jyKaeNyD jzpfygw,f/
MK 6 A Six Dolphin and
mine hunting systems ud k pwif
Swimmer detection detachment that can
ygawmhw,f/ tm;vHk;aom Mammals awGudk
detect and mark the location of an intruder
Navy's Explosive ordnance Disposal ( in Area.This System was used in Vietnam
M i n e d e t e c t i o n s y s t e m s EOD) Group 1 , Subordinate Naval in 1970-1971 and in the Persian Gulf in
awGuawmh MK 4 , MK 7 , MK 8, MMS Special Clearance Team 1 and EOD 1987-88 and again in 2003
wdkY jzpfusygw,f/ tJh systems awGuawmh M o b i l e U n i t s 3 ( S a n D i e g o ) MK 7 A Dolphin Mine Search
vif;ydkifawG[m olwdkYukd xdef;ausmif; rSmtoHk;jyKygw,f/ MK 6 udkawmh EOD System that can detect and mark the
olawG olwdkYukd rvGwfcifuwnf;u wdus Mobile Units 6 Charleston, South location of mines on and buried in the
Carolina rSm toHk;jyKygw,f/ MK 4, MK
aocsmwJhae&mawGrSm biological sonar ocean floor.The system is configured
7, MK 8 awGudkawmh Ingleside rSm &SdwJh specifically to support amphibious
vdkYac:wJh echolocation udk toHk;jyKNyD;
Mine Warfare Command atmufrSm operations
rdkif;&Smygawmhw,f/ 'gawG[m vif;ydkif
xm;&Sdygw,f/ tckavmavmq,frSm awmh
awG & J Y xl ; jcm;wJ h pG r f ; tif a wG y g/ MK 8 another Dolphin team no
vif ; yd k i f e J Y Sea Lions taumif 40
vif;ydkifawG Echolocates vkyfvdkufwJh detail of this system are Publicly
avmufudk toHk;jyKaeygw,f/ Available

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MK 4 Mu awmh vif;ydkifudk
toH k ; NyKNyD ; awmh a&atmuf r S m &S d w J h
rd k i f ; awG u d k & S m azG w meJ Y rd k i f ; &J Y a e&m
twdtusudk &SmazGzdkYtwGuf toHk;jyK
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system [m tvGefbJ wdusaocsmwJh
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hardware systems awG r&SmazGEdkifwJh
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toHk;jyKNyD; &SmazGygw,f/
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toH k ; NyKNyD ; awmh a&atmuf r S m &S d w J h
t&mawGudk Sea Lions awG&JU a&atmuf
rS m Mum;Ed k i f j rif E d k i f w J h pG r f ; tm;ud k
toHk;NyKwmyg/
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wdkufcdkufzdkY ygoifMum;ay;xm;ygw,f/
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1971-1972 rSm toHk;jyKcJhNyD; Bahrain rSm
1986-1987 rS m toH k ; jyKcJ h y gw,f /
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umuG,fEdkifatmif toHk;jyKygw,f/
MK 7 vif;ydkifudkawmh rdkif;&SmzdkYeJY
rd k i f ; &S d w J h a e&mud k &S m ay;zd k Y xd k Y t jyif
a&atmufMurf;jyifrSm jrKwfxm;wJh rdkif;udk
&Smay;zdkY toHk;jyKygw,f/ 'Dvif;ydkifawG
ud k a wmh yxrqH k ; ppf o nf t ok w f
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vdkufygw,f/ oluaeNyD;awmh aemufxyf
a&mufvmrJhppfonfawGtwGuf vHkjcHKa&;
ydk&atmif rdkif;rxdatmif umuG,fay;&Sm
wJhaumifyg/ Marines pum;eJYajym&&if
first to fight yg/
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vleJYvif;ydkif ESpfOD;aygif;tzGJYyg olu
urf;wyfNyD;wdkufrJhppfom; awG
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tEå&m,f &SdrJht&mawGudk urf;wuf
ppfom;awGrvmcifMudKNyD;&Sif;ay;wJhtzGJYyg/
MK 8 MMS uawmh Low Profiles taeeJY
a&wdrfydkif;awGrSm toHk;NyKygw,f/
March 24 2000 ckESpfu &k&Su
olYrSm &SdwJh Train vkyfxm;wJh Killer
Dolphins av;aumifeJY white beluga
whale wpfaumifudk tD&efudk
a&mif;csvdkufygw,f/ 'DaumifawGudk ½k&S
Su kamikaze strikes taocH
jyef w d k u f z d k Y v k y f x m;wJ h a umif a wG y g/
'DaumifawGudk &k&Su olwdkY&JU udk,frSm
rd k i f ; awG u d k csD N yD ; awmh &ef o l & J Y
a&ikwfoabmFawGqDudk oGm;NyD; &efol&JU
oabmFawGa&ikwfoabmFawGudk taocH
AHk;cGJzdkY avhusihfay;xm;wJhaumifawGyg/
'gayrJh'Dvkd Train vkyfxm;wJhaumifawGu
urmÇ v S n h f c &D ; onf a wG u d k temw&
11
jzpfatmif Sevastopol rSm&SdwJh
Dolphinarium rS m vk y f c J h v d k Y ol w d k Y & J Y
Funding Cut off vkyfcH&ygw,f/ olwdkYukd
Train vk y f w J h o l u Boris Zhurid
jzpfygw,f/ Boris Zhurid u olY Train
vkyfxm;wJh taumif pkpkaygif; 27
aumifudk tD&efudk a&mif;vdkufNyD;awmh
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rodao;ygbl;/
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&k&S Train vkyfxm;wJh vif;ydkif taumif 70
u uif;vSnfhygw,f/ Counterparts jzpfwJh
tar&duefawGu vif;ydkifawG Sea Lions
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tEå & m,f & S d w J h t &mawG u d k &S m azG z d k Y
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&k&Su vif;ydkifawGudk toHk;jyKwmudkyg/
'gayrJh 1995 ckESpfrSmawmh tar&duefu
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pwifaMumfNimygw,f/
&k&SqDrSm&SdwJh vif;ydkfifawGuawmh
,lu&def;a&wyfu vufcH&&SdwJh[mawGyg
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uawmh olu wdkufcdkufwmrcH&atmif
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wdkufcdkufenf;yg oifay;ygw,f 'gayrJh
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tcktcsdefrSm tar&duef wjcm;taumif 50 udkawmh aocsm*&kpdkufNyD; xdef;odrf;xm;ygw,f/

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tcef; (2) ]]yifv,favudk&Ik&Iduf a&oHudkem;axmif urmÇxJrS xm0& xGufcGmoGm;cJhonf/

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rrkef;wD;ygESifh/ /

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 14
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apcsifygw,f/ udk,f PhD wuf&if PhD
tqifh oli,fcsif; rdwfaqGawG&r,f/
tquf t oG , f e J Y tcG i f h t vrf ; awG
ydkrsm;vmcJhr,f/ 'gawG[m udk,fhtwGuf
aumif;udsK;awGyg/ jyD;awmh udk,fuvJ
ynmwwfvmawmh vlawGudk ydkjyD; ulnDEdkif
 15
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r,f/ udk,fhb0udk &yfwnfzdkY tcGifhtvrf; qif ; ouf v mol … 'grsd K ;awG u vnf ; pnf;pdrfOpömwdk;wufatmif vkyfzdkY
ydkrsm;vmr,f/ ukd,fhrSm a&G;cs,fcGifhr&Sdbl;/ uawmh ud k , f h r S m ynm&S d a e&if 'g[m
'DurmÇ vlYavmurSm xifay: udk,fjzpfcsifwdkif; jzpfvmatmifvkyf,lvdkY pnf;pdrfeJY aiGaMu;&SmzdkYenf;eJ htrsm;awmh
ausmfMum;zdkY vlawGutodtrSwfjyKjyD; &wmr[kwfbl;/ taxmuf t ul j zpf v mrS m aygh / aiG a wG
av;pm;cH&wJhvljzpfzdkY oHk;enf;&Sdw,f/ aemufenf;uawmh vlawGudk,fhudk csrf;omjyD; ynmrwwf&ifvJ wcgwav
yxrenf;u pnf;pdrfOpöm csrf;omwmbJ/ tod t rS w f j yKvmatmif ud k , f h e mrnf vl a wG M um;xJ od y f r wd k ; ayguf E d k i f b l ; /
Oyrm bk & if h o m; orD ; ? vl c srf ; om *kPfowif; arT;ysHUvmatmif 'gaMumif h xd y f q H k ; ud k xd k ; xG u f E d k i f z d k Y
om;orD;rsdK;? xDaygufwmrsdK; ud k , f h u d k , f w k d i f vk y f , l v d k Y & wJ h e nf ; yg/ qdk&ifawmh ckacwfMuD;rSm tqifhjrifh
'Denf;vrf;rsdK;udk jzpfzdkYtwGuf ukd,fu tJh'guawmh ynma&;ygbJ/ ynma&;rSm ynm&yfwpfck udk,fhrSm&Sdxm;zdkY vdktyf
a&G;cs,fvdkYr&bl; 'g[m uHw&m;twdkif;bJ xG e f ; ayguf w J h xl ; cG s ef w J h v l a wG [ m aeygjyD/
jzpfvm&w,f/ vlYtodkif;0dkif;rSm xifay:ausmfaZmygw,f/ vlwdkif; udk,fhtwGuf tcsdef&Sd
'kwd,enf;uawmh &mxl;&mcH vl & d k a o av;pm;w,f / ud k , f h a ewJ h aeao;wJhtcsdefrSm ynmudkqnf;yl;&if;eJY
tqifhjrifhjrifh &SdwmrsdK; Oyrm - or®w? t&yf[m udk,fhaMumifh *kPfwuf&w,f/ tem*wf t wG u f Mud K wif r S e f ; qjyD ;
or®wuawmf? tdrfa&SUrif;om;? bk&ifhajr;? 'gaMumifh opfwyifaumif; iSufwpfaomif; jyifqifxm;MuygvdkY wdkufwGef;vdkygw,f/ /
bDvsHem&JU om;orD;? rsdK;MuD;aqGMuD;u em;qdkwJh pum;yHkxGufay:vm&wmyg/

Lean Thinking wmaw

,ckacwfrSm uGefjyLwmeJY tifwm wGufvnf; bmtaMumif;&mudk &SmzdkYvnf; ausmif;pmvkyfzdkYu udk,fhtwGuf tckavm

eufqdkwm vlwdkif;twGuf Entertrainment bmudk odcsifvdkYvnf;qdkwJh tcsufawGxJu avmq,f r S m ta&;BuD ; ud p ö r [k w f v m;?
ypönf;wckvdk jzpfae MuygjyD/ *drf;upm;rvm;? udk,fvdkcsifwJh tcsufawGudk wdwdusus tJh'Dawmh ausmif;pmeJY ywfouf&ifawmh
pmzwfrvm;? &kyf&SifMunhfrvm;? oDcsif; t&ifodzdkYvdkygw,f/ Oyrm Business Strategy tenf;qHk; wpfbmomudk 3em&Davmuf tcsdef
em;axmifrvm; tpm;taomufrSmcsifao; pmtkyf&Smzwf&r,f? reufjzef twef;twGuf ,lvdkufr,fav/ 'gjyD;&ifawmh udk,fhbavm*fh
vm; aps;0,fxGufrvm; tukeftpHk vdkw& pmtMurf;zsif;&Smxm;jyD; MudKzwf&r,f? q&m av;rSm pmoGm;a&;r,f? 'gayrJh 2em&Dxuf
eD;yg;udk jzpfaeygjyD/ [dkaeYu ajymoGm;wJh Peter's Five Forces rykdbJ a&;r,f/ Business Strategy zwfwm
'gayrJh tJh'DuGefjyLwmeJY tifwm qdkwmudk tao;pdwfem;vnfatmif &Smzwf uawmh udk,fzwfEdkifoavmufbJaygh 1-2 em&D
eufqdkwmudk tay:uazsmfajza&; udpöawGu &r,f? bavm*fhuvnf; a&;csifw,f? tif;… avmufawmh tcsdefay;zwf r,fav/ &kyf&Sifu
vGJvdkY udk,fhtwGuf b,fvdktusdK;&Sdatmif Transformer 2 av;vnf; Munhfcsifao; awmh xrif;pm;&if;eJYbJ Munfhawmhr,f/
udk,fhtwGufwckck usefaecJhatmif b,fvdk w,f/ 'gawG udk,fhpdwfxJrSm &Sdae&ygr,f/ 'DavmufavmuftpDpOf&Sdr,fqdk&ifbJ rqdk;
toHk;csrvnf; qdkwmuawmh pOf;pm;p&m 'kwd, S uawmh Set in order wJh/ awmhygbl;/
ygbJ/ oli,fcsif; wa,muf&Sdw,f/ olYu odwJhtwdkif;bJ b,fae&mrSmrqdk tpDpOf pwkxÅ S uawmh See Through wJh
tdrfrSmuGefysLwmeJY tifwmeufeJY wus &S d & rS m aygh ? [k w f w ,f r [k w f v m;/ jrifEkdifatmif jrifMunfhprf;ygvdkY ajymaeovdk
tGefvdkif;ay:rSm 24^7 (tdyfcsdefuvGJvdkY) tJh'Dawmh udk,f'DaeYtwGuf tifwmeufrSm ygbJ/ qdkvdk&if; t"dyÜg,fuawmh tpm;xdk;
xdkifaewwfwJhvlrsdK;yg/ 'gayrJh olYrSmbmrS odcsifwJh &SmcsifwJh vdkcsifwJh taMumif;t&m jrifMunfhzdkYygbJ/ udk,fu 'DaeYrSm 'gawG
ododomomMuD; wdk;wufvmodyfrawGY&bl;/ awGudk tpDpOfwus pOf;pm;aygh/ Oyrm - vkyfr,fqdkNyD; 'DvdktpDpOfqGJxm;w,f qdkyg
bmjzpfvdkYvnf;qdkawmh oluuGefysLwmeJY tay:u Oyrmudk jyefpOf;pm;&if yxrqHk; awmh… 'gayrJh tcufcJwckckaMumifh wcsdKUudk
tif w meuf u d k tusd K ;&S d & S d t oH k ; rcswwf ta&;MuD;r,fhudpöu raeYu q&majymoGm;wJh rvk y f E k d i f b l ; qd k & if b,f v d k q uf v k y f r vJ ?
ao;vdkYyg/ vlwpfa,muf wdk;wufzdkYqdkwm Peter's Five Forces qdkwmeJY reufjzef taumif;qHk;enf;jzpfwJh tpm;xdk;enf;udk
yH h y d k ; a&;ypö n f ; awG b,f a vmuf r sm;rsm; twGufpm jzpfr,f/ 'kwd,ae&mrSmawmh udk,f oHk;Munhfyg/ tay:u OyrmudkbJ xyfjyygr,f/
wefzdk;em;vnfjyD; tusdK;&Sd&SdtoHk;cswwfrI 0goemygwJh bavm*fhudk ay;vdkufr,fuG,f? uJ . .. ausmif ; pmawG v k y f j yD ; oG m ;vd k Y
ay:rSmvnf; rlwnfygao;w,f r[kwfvm;/ Business Strategy u avhvmp&m wpfck bavm*fha&;awmhr,f qdkwJhtcsdefrSm apmapm
b,f v d k w ef z d k ; &S d & S d e J Y tusd K ;&S d & S d taeeJY &SmzwfrSm jzpfwJhtwGuf tJhavmuf uausmif ; pmawG b J acgif ; xJ a &muf a evd k Y
toHk;csMurvJ/ t&ifqHk;'D 4Ss udk zwfMunhf ta&;rBuD ; bl ; aygh / &k y f & S i f q d k w mawmh bavm*f h a &;zd k Y uk e f M urf ; &S m r&bl ; qk d y g
&atmif at;at;aq;aq;yg/ 'Davmufqdk udk,fbm pd k Y . ..tJ h v d k q d k & if xd k i f p Of ; pm;raeygeJ Y /
1. Sort (Sort out) awG t &if v k y f & r,f q d k w mavmuf a wmh awGYwJh[m aumufa&;vdkuf? udk,fhacgif;xJ
2. Set in Order tMurf;zsif; cGJvdkY&oGm;NyD[kwf/ 'gqdkaemuf S a&mufaewJh ausmif;pmbJjzpfjzpfaygh... 'grS
3. Standardize wvHk; xyfoGm;&atmif ….. r[kwfvnf; bmrSra&;bJeJY bavm*fha&;zdkY
4. See through wwd, S uawmh Standardize 'Dw&ufem;vdkufyg/ tJh'Dtcsdefudk usefwJh
'D S av;vHk;ay:rSm rlwnfjyD; qdkwJh pHEIef;wdkif;wmwmrsdK;yg/ udk,f vkyfcsifwJh udpöjzpfwJh pmtkyfzwfwmrsdK;rSm toHk;csvdkuf
uGefysLwmeJY tifwmeufudk tusdK;&Sdatmif udk,fvkyfrJh tpDpOfawGudk tcsdefpm&if;av; yg/
toHk;csygr,f/ owfrSwfxm;ay;vdkufwm rsdK;yg/ ta&;MuD;jyD; 'Davmufqdk&if udk,ftifwmeuf
yxrqHk; S jzpfwJh sort (Sort Out) qdk aoaocsmcsm vk y f & rJ h [ mrsd K ;ud k 3em&D ? ay:rSm b,fvdktusdK;&Sdatmif toHk;cs&r,f
wmuawmh udk,fbmudk vdkcsifwmvnf; odyfta&;rMuD;wmudk 1em&Davmuf tJhvdk qdkwmrsdK;udk em;vnfEdkifjyDvdkY arQmfvifhygw,f/
qdkwmudk odem;vnfwmygbJ/ udk,f'DaeY tqifhqifh pHEIef; owfrSwfay;wmyg/ tay:u
uGefysLwmoHk;wm tifwmeufoHk;wm bmt OyrmudkbJ jyefMunhfMur,fqdk&ifawmh …
tazESifh
16
aqmif;½kdif;
tcef; (1)
EdkifiH&yfjcm;rSmajccscJhwm ESpfaygif;
rsm;pGmMumjyDjzpfaom OD;&pfcsufonf trd
jrefrmjynfudk vGrf;onfuwpfaMumif;?
cspf Z eD ; tm; vG r f ; onf u wpf a Mumif ; ?
arsmufavmif;eJYrjcm; cspforD;awmf 5 yg;
tm; vGrf;onfuwpfaMumif;? cspfnDrtm;
vGrf;onfuwpfaMumif;? orD;awmf 5 yg;
ESifhaygif;um avmif;ausmfaeom cspfc,fr
tm; vGrf;onfuwpfaMumif;? cPjyefrnf
[kqHk;jzwfum tdrfokdYzkef;qufvdkufonf/
wzufrSm xl;oHMum;&onf /
“[Jvdk ....tdk; rdkif'gvif I missssssss u
........ so .......... mush”
av'D & pf c suf \ vG r f ; aqG ; oH j zpf o nf /
OD ; &pf c suf o nf t&rf ; a,mif w wf o l
jzpfonf/
xd k t oH M um;aomtcg “Oh...... my
'gr,m;..tJhav rSm;ukefjyD rif;uajz;ajz;
ajymprf;yg b,fhES,f atmfMuD;[pfus,f”
“ tif;yg usr tvGrf;vGefoGm;wm”
“ighorD;awG aeaumif;vm; .. igjyefvm
awmhr,f obufcg a&mufr,f”
“aumif;w,f .. aumif;w,f &Sifjyefvm
rSyJ .. &SifhorD; arsmufrawGuwpfrsKd; ..
&SifhnDruvnf; wlrawG xdef;r,fr&Sdbl;
oluyg*Gsef;jyefaew,f ..
&S i f h c ,f r uwpf r sKd ; usrawmh M um&if
&l;awmhr,f .. &Sifu arsmuftrsKd;pyfvm;
rodygbl;&Sif..”
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orD;rsm;
ajymaepOf zkef;vdkif;usoGm;onf/ OD;csuf vS n f h M unf h v d k u f a wmh orD ; awmf B uD ;
vnf; rdrdudk,frdrd r,HkouFmjzpfum rSef aqmif;&dkif; jzpfonf/ ab;wGif&yfae
a&SUodkY 'kef;pdkif; ajy;avonf/ rSefMunfhjyD; olum; c,fr rdzl;vf jzpfonf/ OD;csuf
aomtcg ouf j yif ; &S n f M uD ; csvd k u f vuf[efajc[efESifh ajymonfudk rdzl;vf
jyD;aemuf þodkYa&&Gwfvdkufonf oabmaygufoGm;um a&SUwufyD; aerif;
“[l; ... ig vleJU wu,f wlygw,f” tm; avmufav;*G axmifjyvdkufonf/
aerif;vnf; avmufav;*Gudkjrifaomf
tcef; (2) acR;pnf;rsm; usaeawmhonf/ OD;csuftm;
xyfr&pf&JawmhyJ .. usefypönf;rsm;udk
OD ; &pf c suf o nf rd r d o G m ;aepOf vnf; xyfrppf/ vTwfvdkufavonf/
OD;csufudk wpfwyfwpftm; vmMudK Muaom
twG i f ; tawmf a jymif ; vJ v maom rd o m;pk M uD ; ud k M unf h u m yD w d a wG j zmvd k Y
trdjrefrmjynfudk av,mOfay:rS qif;qif; aeonf/
csif; awGU&onf/ rdrd\pdwfxJrSmawmh (av
,mOf r ,f a v;awG awmf a wmf a csmvm tcef; (3)
ygvm;)[k awG;um jyHK;jyHK;ESifh/ xdkYaemuf
ypönf;ppfonfhae&mwGif wm0efusaeol tjyifa&mufonfESifh tvGefw&m
udkaerif;onf ypönf;rsmudk ppfaq;aepOf vG r f ; aeM u NyDjzpfwJh rdom;pkonf OD;csuf
&rkuGefx&dk;um; tMuD;MuD;tm;awGYoGm; ygvmaom txkyftydk;rsm;udk 0dkif;qGJ
onf/ udkaerif;onf xdkum;udk vdkcsif Muavonf/ orD;awmfig;yg;\ 0dkif;qGJrI
aomtcg OD;&pfcsuftm; þodkYajymonf/ aMumifh OD;csuf yufvufvefusrvdk jzpf
“'Dypönf;u o,fvdkYr&bl; cifAs”
oGm;onf/ xdkpOf taemufrS vlpdrf;wpfOD;
OD;csuftm; xdef;vdkufonf/ rnfolenf;
“[mAsm bmjzpfvdkYwkef; 'guav;upm; tm;vHk;pdwf0ifwpm; Munfhvdkufaomtcg
p&m um;yJ” tpdrf;a&mifabmif;bDESifh t0ga&miftusDF
“cifAsm; uav;aqmhzdkYvm;” 0wfxm;aom pudkif;eufudk awGYvdkuf&
“uGsefawmhfc,fr aqmhzdkY” onf/ pudkif;eufonf zwfceJ rsufpd rSdwfjy
vdkufonf/ xdkpOf OD;csufonf rdrdtm;
“r&bl; cifAs”
OD;csufvnf; awmfawmfpdwfnpfoGm;onf/ ulnDonfudkyif arhavsmhjyD; tvGefw&m
tJ h u m;rygvS s if c,f r awmf rd z l ; vf a'go jzpfoGm;um ('Daumif ref;wlref;
xifw,f) vufoD;eJY xdk;rnftjyK eHygwf2
w*sD*sDvkyfawmhrnf/ xdkpOf rSefayguf0rS o r D ; j z p f o l r d r d k ; o n f t c s d e f r S D
atmfoHMum;vdkufonf / vSrf;qGJxm;vdkufonf /
“',f...............'D”
 17
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“',f'Dudk rSdwfjywm r[kwfbl; .. a&cJwHk;MuD;udk rEdkifhwEdkif rvmonf/ xdkodkY ao pum;rsm;Mum;um owdjyefvpf

wDzl;vfudk rSdwfjywm”
xdkpOf pudkif;euf\ qdk;qdk;0g;0g;atmfoH
Mum;vdkuf&onf /
“tm; .............”
OD;csufvnf; tvefYwMum; xatmfonf/
“oGm; .............. ”
“b,fudk oGm;&rSmvJ O&,f .. 'DrSm
0ifoGm;NyD”
“[if .... rif;vlMum;xJ bmawG
ajymaewmvJ”
pudkif;euf xdk;jy&m Munfhvdkufawmh zl;vf
ypfvdkufaom avmufpvHk;onf
pud k i f ; euf \ abmif ; bD t d w f x J o d k Y
0ifoGm;jcif; jzpfonf/ OD;csufonf c,fr
vufcsuf udkjrifaomf &efudkjidrf;ap&ef
pudkif;euftm; rsufESmcsKdaoG;&avawmh
onf /
“ armif & if u OD ; ud k ul n D v d k u f w myJ
aus;Zl;yJuGm rdwfjzpfaqGjzpf
tdrfvdkufcJhaygh”
pud k i f ; euf v nf ; jiif ; rnf t jyK orD ;
ti,fqHk; rdkYav;u
“&kyfu jiif;rSm r[kwfbl; ”
pud k i f ; euf v J bmrS q uf r ajymawmh y J
abmif;bDtdwfxJu avmufpvHk;av;udk
yg;pyfwGifudkufum vdkufygvmcJhonf/
“ orD ; pEd k ; a& .. {nf h o nf t wG u f
aumfzDvkyfygOD;”
rMumrD aumfzDcGufudkifum Nidrf;csrf;ol
(i,f) vmcs onf/
“'guawmh OD;nDr jidrf;csrf;olav ..”
i,fu &,fjy&if;
“armif&if aumfzDav; aomufvdkufygOD;
at;oGm;r,f”
aumfzD\ aemufuMur®mqdk;udk rodvdkufol
pudkif;eufonf aumfzDtm; Nrdef&SufpGm
oHk;aqmifjyD;oumv jyefoGm;awmhonf/
pudkif;euf aumfzDukefoGm;aom tcg
Ed k ; abmf ' D o nf xck e f v d k u f a wmh o nf /
'D n tzd k Y pud k i f ; euf o nf r&S d r jzpf
tcef;wpfcef; (tdrfom) wGif
ntdyfvdkuf&onf /
tcef; (4)
c&D;yef;aom'PfaMumifh OD;csuf
onf aemufaeYwGif tysif;zsm;avonf/
tdrfrSm&SdorSs vltukefvHk;0dkif;0ef; jyKpk
Muavonf/ orD;awmfrdEdk;onf
pd k ; &d r f p d w f j zif h a&cJ w if a y;rnf q d k u m
OD;csufem;a&mufaomtcg tvGefw&m
at;vGef;aomaMumifh rxdef;EdkifawmhbJ
“AHk;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;”
OD;csufonf avmuMuD;ESifh cPtquf
toG,f ysufoGm;onf/ pEdk;u '&dkifbm
lovespy(jet)tm; q&m0ef tjrefoGm;
yifhcdkif; avonf/ cPMumaomf lovespy
(jet) ES i f h t wl a'guf w mrG e f ; pwm;?
empfrav; ydk;wdkY ygvmMuonf/ rdrdk;u
pdk;&drfwMuD;eJY
“vkyfygOD; a'gufwm&,f ... ',f'Dudk
MunfhygOD; ....”
“[kwfuJh touf&Iaeao;w,f ckawmh
raoao;yg0l; rpdk;&drfygeJY OD;”
xdkpOf ab;rS rdaqmif; toHxGufvmonf /
“t[ifh ',f'D rao&bl; ... rao&bl;”
xdkpum;oHMum;aom a'gufwmrGef;onf
rdaqmif;tm; *&kPmouf0ifoGm;onf/
rGef;pwm;\ tm&kPfrsm;onf aqmif;&dkif;
qD a&mufaeavonf/ empfrav; ykd;onf
aq;xd k ; &ef tqif o if h j yif q if a y;NyD ;
aomtcg rG e f ; pwm; tm;ay;vd k u f
avonf/ rGef;pwm;vnf; ta,mifa,mif
trSm;rSm; vufxJ tyfa&mufonfESifh
xdk;vdkufonf/ us,favmif pl;&SaomtoH
xGufay:vmonf /
“tm;... bm;... emw,f”
OD ; csuf jyef v nf o wd v nf v mouJ h o d k Y
OD;csuf\ toHudkvefYum rGef;pwm;vnf;
“0g;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;”
jyefiHkYMunfhvdkufawmh tyfonf OD;csuf\
AdkufxJwGif 0ifaejyD; jzpfonf/
“q&m jrefjref xkwfav ...”
“ uGsefawmf rxkwf&Jawmhbl ; ... ”
ydk;bufodkY vSnfhum
“xkwfvdkuf q&mr ”
rdrdk;u a'guefum
“'DrSmq&m usrtaz toufxGufvdkY
uawmh &SifaojyDrSwf”
rdEdk;u wzef
“usrtaz aovdkYuawmh &Sifhudk t&Sif
rxm;bl;”
rdaqmif;u
“usrtaz aemifb0 a&mufvdkYuawmh
&Sifhb0 qHk;yDrSwf”
rdkYav;u
“ cif A sm;BuD ; taopm; taoap
taMumif; odw,faemf”
rdpEdk;u
“&Sifhtoufudk rESajrmbl;vm;”
oGm; olum; OD;csufwnf;/
tcef; (5)
aejyefaumif;jyD;aemuf OD;csuf
onf a&mufwkef;a&mufcdkuf rdom;pkeJY
c&D ; xG u f & ef wd k i f y if v d k u f a omtcg
tm;vHk;\oabmwlnDcsufu acsmif;om
urf;ajcodkY oGm;&efjzpfonf/ tdrfwGif
toGufvufqHk; rdrdk;onf ta':jzpfol
rdzl;vfudkac:um vufrSwfoGm;0,fMu
onf/ rdaqmif;u xnfhoGm;p&mrsm;udk
csufjyKwfaeonf/ pEdk;uawmh ta':
jzpfol jidrf;csrf;olESifh t0wfrsm;xnfhae
onf/ rdEdk;eJY rdkYuawmh rkefY0,f&ef xGufoGm;
onf/ zl;vfaemuf waumufaumufvdkuf
aeaom pud k i f ; euf o nf zl ; vf w d k Y
acsmif;omvufrSwf0,fonfudk awGYoGm;
aomtcg oli,fcsif;rsm;jzpfaom Schizoç
Monsterç Gilgameshç Viperç e&DtdkwdkYudk
pnf;&Hk;um tvsiftjref vufrSwf0,fvdkuf
Muonf/ um;ay:wGif qHkMuonf/ [dkbuf
9 a,muf 'Dbuf 7 a,muf tkyfpk
jzpfaomaMumifh tv,fcHkwGif qHkrdolum;
tysKd B uD ; i,f E S i f h vl y sKd B uD ; Schizo wd k Y
jzpfMuonf/ &onfhtcGifhta&; vufvTwf
rcHqdkovdk puDZdk u
“r u emrnf b,fvkdac:ovJ ”
“atmifrm vludkrsm; bmrSwfvJ i,fao;
w,f &Sifh”
“toufb,favmufvJ ”
“30 eJYrS 5 ESpf”
“cGd cGd”
“bm&,fwmvJ”
“bmrS[kwfyg0l; 'gqdkemrnfajym”
“i,fu i,f emrnfudk b,folYudkrS
rajymjy0l; ”
“rajymeJYawmh &jyD”
rMumrD ab;rS
“bl ............... ”
vnf h M unf h v d k u f a omtcg cspf & atmif
vufcsuf yJMuD;avSmfawG0g;um tD;ayguf
vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ wpfum;vHk; teHYawG
ysHUoGm;onf jywif;aygufawG xzGifhMu
onf/ c&D;onfrsm; yGpdyGpd jzpfukef onf/
“uGsefawmfwdkYudk tl&SD;boyrsm;xifaevm;”
&aumufu pyfjzJjzJjzifh
“cifAsm; *syefu jyefvmwmvm;”
va&mifa0;u pdwfawGawmfawmf wdkae
onf/ ESmacgif;MuD;udk vufeJYzdxm;wmrsm;
eD&JvdkY ...
 18
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rdkYav;u rausreyfjzifh zl;vftm; uyfajym rdaqmif;udk qlavawmhonf / “OD; 'Dn rdwfjzpfaqGjzpf OD;wdkYrdom;pkudk
vdkufonf/ “eif[mav rdef;uav;jzpfjyD; &Syfjym&Syfjym npm auGs;yg&ap”
“wDzl;vf 'DaumifawGudkawmh acsmif;om EdkifvGef;w,f ” wpfeyfoufom enf;ovm;av OD;csuf
a&muf&if ynmay;&r,f” “rawmfwqyg ',f'D&,f .. [D;” vsifjrefpGm acgif;Nidrfhjyvdkufonf/ a&SUquf
“right” cPem;jyD;aemuf a&csKd;&efnDrig;azmfeJY avSsmufoGm;aomtcg tkef;yifi,fatmuf
tm;vH k ; vuf r axmif v d k u f M uonf / ta': 2 OD; urf;ajcodkY qif;vmMuonf/ wGif w&m;xdkifaeaom OD;xGef;ESifh tudkcif
um;ay:rSqif;cgeD; OD;csufonf tm;vHk;udk wdkYudk awGYavonf/
jyóemrvk y f & ef rS m Mum;aeonf / tcef; (7) “txGef; tcif .. [muGm rawGYwm
pudkif;eufwdkY tkyfpkudkawmh owdrxm; awmif MumyD ”
rday/ “tdk;av;vIyfyga[h a&tdk;av;vIyfyga[h” “rif; &pfcsuf r[kwfvm; vSvdkY 0vdkY rif;u
toHMum;vdkY vSnfhMunfhvdkufawmh [dk ..igwdkYvnf; ukrÜPDcPydwfawmh vm
tcef; (6) aMumif a wmif M um;wm; tzG J Y j zpf o nf / tyef;ajzwm qHkwkef;uGm 'Dn twlpm;
rdpEdk;u &atmif”
Max [dkw,fwGif qif;vdkufMu
“rMuD;wkYd wDav;wdkY .. 'DrsufESm&l;awGudk “okcygyJ ig[dkaumifawGudk ajymjyD;jyD
onf/ Reception wGif [dkw,frefae*sm
ynmay;rS&r,f” &ygw,fav no problem twlwl awGY
atmifbkonf qefYqefYBuD;eJY cefUcefUBuD; Edk;av; u
xdkifum tdyfaysmfaeonf/ yg;pyfrSvnf; “tif;[kwfw,f .. 'Dvdkvkyf Muwmaygh”
“tdkau”
oGm;a&awG usvdkY/ rdrdk;u pm;yGJudk @&^%&%*^(&_(_)(_)*)&*(^*&^*&%&^ ”
xkvdkufonf/ acgif;csif;qdkifum aqG;aEG;vdkufMuonf / tcef; ( 8 )
“atmifrav; .............” OD;csufa&mufvmum
udkatmifbk tvefYwMum; xatmfonf / “ orD ; wd k Y . .bmawG v k y f a eMuwmvJ npmxrif ; pm;yG J w G i f zl ; vf E S i f h
“ajz;ajz;vkyfygAsm vefYvdkufwm” acgif;csif;qdkifjyD; .. a&eufxJ rqif;eJYaemf pudkif;euf? i,fESifh puDZdk? aqmif;&dkif;ESifh
xdkpOf pudkif;euf a&mufvmonf/ .. rdzl;vfeJY rdi,f uav;awG udkMunfhOD; rGef;pwm;? rdk;ESifh *pf? pEdk;eJY cspf&atmif?
“,lr,f .... ,lr,f” Mum;vm; ” Edk;ESifh Adkufyg? rdkYeJY e&Dtdk? OD;&pfcsufESifh
“r,lEdkifygbl; a,mufsm; tcsif;csif;” “[kwf udkMuD;” av'D&pfcsuf? OD;xGef;ESifh tudkcif wynfh 2
“[ cifAsm;udk b,fol ,lr,f ajymvkdYvJ” OD;csuf urf;ajcwpfavSsmuf vrf;quf OD ; jzpf o l Snapshot eJ Y Hollinaz wd k Y
“usKyfu tcef;,lrSm” avSsmufvmaomtcg a&SUrvSrf;ruef;wGif rsuf E S m csif ; qd k i f xd k i f a eMuonf /
xdkpOf ab;em;u udkatmifbk\wynfh NyHK;NzD;NzD;vkyfjyaeol vltkyfpkudk awGYav pud k i f ; euf w d k Y t k y f p k u m; xH k ; pH t wd k i f ;
uav;jzpfol ischaemia u atmifbkudk onf/ tem;a&mufaomf pudkif;eufu rsuf E S m yd k ; rowf / xd k Y t wl zl ; vf w d k Y
aomhay;&if; uyfumwdk;wdk;av;ajymonf/ EIwfqufonf/ tk y f p k u vnf ; ud k , f h t awG ; ES i f h u d k , f
“q&m tcef;u rdom;pkcef; wpfcef;yJ “OD; uGsefawmfhudk rSwfrdvm;” wjyH K ;jyH K ;/ ol w d k Y u awmh t[k w f M uD ;
&Sdawmhw,f ” “atmf ighaemufu cHvdkufwJh armif&if xifaeMuonf/ qdkif0efxrf;rsm; jzpfaom
xdkpum;udk aqmif;&dkif;u Mum;vdkufonf/ r[kwfvm; tdrfrSmawmif aumfzDaomuf ewfqdk;av;ewfESifh o&JjzL wdkYonf menu
aqmif ; &d k i f ; onf txk y f u d k y pf c sum oGm;ao;w,f” vmay;onf/ udk,fpDudk,fpD rSmvdkufMu
udkatmifbkvufxJrS aomhukd qGJvkvdkuf aumfzDvdkY Mum;&aomtcg pudkif;euf onf/ OD;csufwdkY oli,fcsif; tkyfpkuawmh
onf/ &ifwkefoGm;onf/ pum;vufqHkusae Muonf/ Snapshot u
&Syfjym&Syfjym EdkifvSaom rdaqmif;onf “OD;av;uvnf; taemufu vSrf;zrf;w,f rodrom rdk;tm; vSrf;vSrf; usLaeonf/
aomh u d k r rd b J ud k a tmif b k yk q d k ; pud k vkyfyg [J [J ” *pf jrifaomtcg snapshot tm; vufoD;
qGJrdonf/ tm;vHHk;wjydKifeuf rsufESmudk “'geJY armif&ifwdkYu bmvmvkyfwmvJ” axmifjyvdkufonf/ snapshot u udk,fhtm&Hk
vuf e J U tk y f v d k u f o nf / rsuf v H k ; rsm;ud k “OD;orD;awG aemufvdkufvmwm” eJYudk,f rjrif/ OD;xGef;u jrifoGm;um
azmf x m;Muonf / ud k a tmif b k v nf ; “tef .. bmajymw,f” pdwfwdkwdkeJUY vufoD; jyefjyavonf/ tJh
&ifckefoH cP&yfoGm;onf/ tvGefw&m “rSm;vdkY a,mifvdkY aqm&D; uefawmh vufoD;udk OD;csufu jrifaomtcg
awmf v S a om wynf h u av; itpf u urf ; ajcvmygw,f q d k r S tyef ; vm “ rif ; ae&if ; xd k i f & if ; bmvd k Y igh u d k
ajymvdkufonf/ ajzwmaygh OD;&JU .. atmf rdwfquf axmifjyaewmvJ”
“q&m ...pdwfudkavQmh usaemfxdef;xm; ay;&OD;r,f 'g uGsefawmhf oli,fcsif;awG “ cif A sm; rBuD ; ri,f e J Y bmawG a jym
w,f” aewmvJ”
av” ol w d k Y vuf o D ; &G m ywf a ecsd e f w G i f rd k Y
a w m f a o ; o n f i t p f a u s ; Z l ; u m ; rGef;pwm;tm; jrifvdkufaomtcg
av;onf e&Dtdk yef;uefxJodkY rodrom
atmifbktwGuf wpfouf rarhp&m.. “'Daumif ighudk r&IEkdifru,fEkdifatmif iHjym&nf xnfhvdkufonf/ olwdkYuawmh
udkatmifbk oufjyif;csvdkuf Edkifawmhonf xdk;oGm;wJh taumifr[kwfvm;” wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muf MudwfrEdkif cJr&
“[if;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; " Lady First av rGef;pwm;u pyfNzD;NzD;eJY jzpfaeMuonf/ pm;Muaomtcg e&Dtdk
udkatmifbkvnf; tcef;udk rdaqmif;wdkYudk “wpfcgwnf;yg OD;&,f” rsuf E S m rS m rMunf r omeJ Y Nrd K &tcuf
iS m ;vd k u f & avonf / OD ; csuf u awmh axG;&tcuf .. rdef;uav; awGuawmh

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tjywf avG;aeMuonf/
pud k i f ; euf w d k Y t k y f p k o nf xd k n wG i f
acsmif ; om\ tvS o bm0qd k w mud k
od c G i f h r &vd k u f y g0l ; .. yef ; urmÇ r S m
pcef;csvdkY aeMu&w,f/
“awmuf” udkAdkufyg rausreyfESifh
ajymonf/ b,folYvufcsufvJ rod0l;uGm
cHvdkuf&jyefjyD/ *pfu rausreyfeJY
“ [d k vl M uD ; &J U wynf h vuf c suf v m;
rodygbl; .. 'Daumif 2 aumifu
rsufESm&l;”
cspf&atmifu
“no .. no .. [dk iwdrav;awG vufcsuf
jzpfr,f”
“igwdkYu cHbufcsnf;yJ”
puDZdk nnf;vdkufavonf/ e&Dtdkonf
0k e f ; ueJ x um pm;yG J x d k ; ewf q d k ; eJ Y
o&JjzLtm; jyóem&Smavonf/ wm0efcH
rD;iSufu 0if&Sif;&avonf/ pm;zdkrSL;
avm&S n f u d k a c:um ppf a q;avonf /
aemufqHk;awmh 'Djyóem jidrf;at;atmif
OD;csufuom 0ifajymvdkuf&avonf/
“armif&if&m aMuat;vdkufyg jzpfwwf
ygw,f”
pud k i f ; euf w d k Y v nf ; rauseyf w eyf e J Y
jyefxGufoGm;avonf/ xGufoGm;aomtcg
ewfqdk;ESifh o&JjzLwdkY wcGdcGd &,fum
usefcJhavonf/ trSefum; nDrig;azmfu
olwdkYtm; 0rf;EIwfaq; xnfhcdkif;vdkufjcif;
jzpfonf/
tcef; (9)
aemufaeY urf;ajcwGif zl;vfwdkYtkyfpkESifh
pudkif;eufwdkYtkyfpk abmvkMujyefyga&m/
urf;ajcwGif vlrsm;ojzifh abmuGif;rsm;u
ukefaejyD jzpfonf/ rdEdk;u
“cifAsm;MuD;wdkY vlMurf;MuD;awGjzpfjyD;
rdef;uav;awGeJY vdkufjydKif&w,fvdkY”
udkAdkufygu
“rMurf;ygbl; r,Hk&if udkifMunfh” e&Dtdku
ab;uae abmuGif;av;udkifum
“nav; abmvdkcsifvdkYvm; a&mh udk,fh
abm,l”
rdkYav;u
“rMuD;a&...'DrSm bmawG vmajymaevJ
rodbl;”
rdaqmif;u
“[dwf eifwdkYaemf bmjzpfaevJ aooGm;
r,f a emf wD z l ; vf a & avmuf a v;*G e J Y
vmygawmh”
xk d p Of iawZmu oD c sif ; av;qd k u m
a&mufvmonf/
__________ abm .. abm ... abm
.... tmavhtm avhtmav ....
abm .... abm......abm ...
tmavhtmavhtmav __________
pEdk;vnf; pdwfysufvufysuf nnf;vdkuf
onf/
“ aemuf w pf a ,muf bmvmaMumif j yef
jyDvJ rodbl;”
“nav;wdkY abmvkaeMuwm Munfhr
aumif;vdkY udk,fvmay;wm”
cspf&atmifu abmorm; udkwDZmudk
tjrifuwfoGm;onf
“uJ 'gqdk 'DabmawG igwdkYiSm;r,f”
“ray;Edkifygbl; cifAsm;wdkYrSm &SdjyD;om;yJ
'gnav;awG twGuf”
pum;enf; &efqJ 'geJY a&xJ qif;&ef
aemufusrSmqdk;ojzifh rdrdk;u
“uJ OD;av;MuD; b,favmufvJ ajym”
“nav;uvnf; udk,fMuD;ao;yg0l; ..
e,fe,fav; csdao;w,f ”
“rMuD;om rMuD;w,f &GwfwGaewmyJ”
rdaqmif; ajymvdkufonftm; *pfu wcGdcGd
&,f a eavonf / rd k ; u ab;uae
xatmfonf
“ihgcspfrMuD;ajymwm eif&,fp&m rvdkygbl;
... wdwf ”
xdktcsdefwGif uHqdk;csifaom rGef;pwm;u
“cspfrMuD;udk om;vnf; cspfwmayghvdkY”
xd k p um; Mum;&aomtcg rd E d k ; onf
tvGefa'gojzpfum vufxJwGif udkifxm;
aom abmuGif;ESifh ypfaygufvdkufonf/
rG e f ; pwm;vnf ; abmuG i f ; ud k t a&S m if
ajccG i f u sum ud k w D Z m abmif ; bD u d k
vS r f ; qG J r d v suf o m; jzpf o G m ;onf /
udkwDZmvnf; tpdk;&drfvGefum abmif;bDudk
vSrf;tudkif abmuGif;rsm;udk jypfcsav
onf/ abmuGif;rsm;onf rGef;pwm;ay:odkY
tukefusavonf/ rGef;pwm;wpfa,muf
abmrsm; atmufwGif r&IEdkif ru,fEdkif/
pupfZdkonf rGef;pwm;tm; ESmeyfay;ae
onf/ usefolrsm;onf rGef;pwm;em;wGif
0dkif;aeMuonf/ rdef;uav;wpfpkuawmh
urf;ajcwGifa&aqmh aeMuavjyD/
tcef; (10)
a&upm;aepOf rdrdk;u tvefY
wMum; jzpfoGm;onf/ i,fudk rawGYaom
aMumif h jzpf o nf / usef v l r sm;ud k
today;um &Smaomfvnf; rawGYacs/
MuH & mr& acgif ; yl u m urf ; ajcuae
19
jydKifwlatmfMuavonf/
“vkyfMuygOD;AsKdU wDi,f &Sdawmhbl; ..
a&epf a eNyD v m; rod b l ; vmMuygOD ;
u,fMuygOD; AsKdU”
i,f q d k a om toH M um;vd k u f o nf E S i f h
puD Z d k o nf rG e f ; pum;ud k ypf c sum
urf;ajcodkY tajy;tvTm;oGm;jyD; a&xJodkY
ck e f c s vd k u f o nf / xd k t cg *pf u
owd&oGm;onf/
“[m..a[ha&mifawG 'Daumif a&rul;
wwfbl;av.. &aumuf rif;oGm;u,f”
&aumufvnf; a&xJckefcsrnf tjyK
“igvnf; a&rul;wwfbl;”
zl;vfu pudkif;euftm;
“oGm;u,fav ri,fvnf; epfaew,f
eifwdkYvlvnf; epfaew,f”
“ rjzpf b l ; igh r S m 'D w pf x nf y J y gw,f
a&pdkukef&ifcufjyD”
a&xJ r S m pupf Z d k \ vuf u av;ud k
awGU&onf/ puDZdk a&epfaewm aocsmjyD/
udkAdkufyg ukef;atmfvdkufonf
“vmMuygOD; .. a&epfaejyD trSeftuef
a&epfaeygjyD”
xdkpOf a&ul;csefyD,H udk*sLvdkifu puDZdktm;
u,fvmonf/ puDZdktm; 0dkif;jyD;jyKpkaepOf
urf;ajcbufodkY i,fu vrf;avSsmuf
vmonf/ i,fqD ajy;oGm;Muonf/ i,fudk
pd w f y l a eaMumif ; 0d k i f ; ajymaeMuonf /
xdktcg i,fu
“ig AdkufemvdkY tdrfomoGm;wufwm..[D;”
tm;vH k ; 0d k i f ; atmf &,f v d k u f M uonf /
xd k p um;Mum;aom cspf & atmif o nf
udk,fhezl;udk,fxkum ighvludku rSm;wm[k
&Gwfvdkufonf/ olwdkYwpfzGJYvHk;\rsufESm
onf tD;rSefum idk&rvdk&,f&rvdk jzpfae
Muonf/ i,fuawmh jzpfaMumif;ukefpif
odoGm;aomtcg puDZdktm; oem;ae
awmh o nf / xd k a eY w G i f pma&;q&m
roknwonf trjzpfol *ga,mif;udk
ac:um urf;ajcodkYpma&;&ef xGufcJhonf/
'd k i f ; rG e f ; [d k w ,f o Y d k 0if o G m ;Muonf /
[dkw,frefae*sm udka0Zifonf oknwwdkY
eJ Y i,f o l i ,f c sif ; rsm; jzpf M uonf /
udkjidrf;oefYvnf; xdkYtwl acsmif;om
urf;ajcodkY a&mufaeonf/
oknwvnf; urf;ajcbuf xGufvmawmh
aqmif;&dkif;ESifh qHkavonf/
“oli,fcsif;..a&mufwmMumjyDvm; ..
igu pmvma&;wm”
“at..igwdkYu ',f'Djyefa&mufwkef;av;
c&D;xGufMuwm.. nus&ifvmcJhav...
 20
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igwdkYpum;ajym&atmif rD;yHkyGJ vnf; udk,fhudk,fudk,f rxdef;vdkuf&bJ cspfrdoGm; onf / OD ; csuf o nf [ef r aqmif E d k i f
vkyfjzpfavmufw,f” &wmyg cspfjcif;udk rcGJygeJY aemf ” wNyHK;NyHK;ESifh awmfawmfxckefcsifaeonf/
ri,f p um;aMumif h tuk e f 0 d k i f ; &,f pdwfxJrSm &Gwfaeonf/
tcef; (11) vdkufMuonf/ trSef OD;csufonf nDr “vGwfjyD .. uRwfjyD”
a,mufsm;&awmhrnfudk Mudwfum aysmfae Adkufyg u
reuf j zef q d k jyef M uawmh r nf jcif;jzpfonf / “uRefawmfwdkYudka&m cGifhrjyKbl;vm; [if”
jzpfojzifh na&mufaomtcg rdwfqHkpm; OD;csuf pOf;pm;vdkufonf/ wu,fwrf;Mu
Muavonf/ oknwvnf; a&mufvm tcef; (12) awmh 'Darsmufavmif;rawGudk MudKufrJhol
onf / ud k N id r f ; oef Y u awmh e&D t d k \ olwdkYyJ&Sdwm.. olwdkYav;awGMunfh&wm
zdwfac:rIjzifh a&mufvmonf/ wpf a ,muf w m0ef avsmh o G m ; odyfawmhrqdk;vSbl;yJ ay;pm;vdkuf&ifawmh
udkNidrf;oefYu oknwvnf; awGYa&m vnf; renf;[kqdkum acgif;udkyGwfvdkuf ig vHk;0em;at;oGm;r,f[k pOf;pm;um
“[Jh rok b,fwkef;u a&mufwmvJ ..” onf/ odkYayr,fh [efudk,fhzdkY qdkovdk “ig oabmwlw,f”
“atmfudkoefY rawGYwm MumjyDbJ .. “armif puDZdk rif;ighnDrudk wu,f xdkpOf wjydKifwnf; toHxGufvmonf
0vmw,faemf” cspfwmvm;” “vHk;0 oabmrwlygbl;”
“eifhtr a&mrygbl;vm;” xdkpOf pudkif;eufu olwu,fcspfwm orD;awmfrsm;\toHjzpfonf/
“rMuD; *ga,mif;vm; ygw,fav tcef;rSm uRefawmfodw,f uGsefawmfvnf; wu,f “eifwdkY tazudk vGefqefwmvm;”
aecJhw,f em;csifvdkYqdkjyD;” cspfwmyg” “orD;wdkYrSm cspfol&Sdw,f”
“[kwfvm; igh tudkvnf; ck 'Durf;ajcrSm rGef;u “rvdkcsifbl;”
&Sdw,f” “uRefawmfvnf; awmfawmfBuD;udk cspfwm “rmrDa& vkyfygOD;”
“eifhtudk b,folwkef;” yg” av'D&pfcsufu
“igh tudk wpf0rf;uGJ vlysKdMuD; OD;xGef;av” e&Dtdku “'DrSm 'gvif &Sifusrudk bmaMumifh
“atmifrm oabmrwlygbl; igh treJYrsm; “uGsefawmfvnf; tm;BuD;cspfygw,f” vufxyfcJhwmvJ”
[GefY” cspf&atmifu uRefawmfu wpfb0vHk; “csrf;omvdkY”
“eifuvJ eifhtrudk tJhavmuf o0efwdk
twGuf OD;orD; wpfa,mufwnf;udk “bmajymw,f”
raeeJY [dkif;oGm;r,faemf” cspfwmyg” av'D & pf c suf \ vuf o nf OD ; csuf \
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e JOURNAL
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23
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The
C R Y S TA L R A Y S
Myanmar Community Forum
e JOURNAL
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