S,UN'MARSS Technologies

1

2

:Types of' Hubs

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

t Hubs are sometimes called as 'smart hubs, These devices basically function as active hubs, but also include a microprocessorchip and diaqnostic capabilities and are useful in troubleshootinq situations,

Swit,ch,

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

.It is Datalink laver device (L;aye.r 2)

• :lls is An Intelligent device

.It wor:ks with Physical addresses (i.e. MAC. addresses)

• It wor'ks with fixed, bandwidth

• It has '1 Broadcast domain and N'um,ber of Collision

domains depends upon the number of ports,

• It, maintains a M.AC:' address table

3

:Types of' Swit,ch,es

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

On a Mana,geable switch an IP address: can be assigned and cenfigurations· can be' made. It: has a 'console port.

On an U'n'manageable switch confiqurations cannot be made, an IP address cannot be assigned as there is no.

Bridge Vs Switc'h

• Br.iElges are soltwBFe base"B

diflenent t'opology ~,Seg-ment)

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

• Swilmhes Blre It,ardwa~e basel

€onnecling single 101'010lY ~Se'gmenll

Router

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

.It is a Ne'twork layer d-evice (~ave'r 3)

• :lls is an Int'elligent device

.It wor:ks with Logical, Addressing' (i.e, IP,IP~AppleTalk)

• It wor'ks with Fixed bandwidth

• Number of' Broadcast domainsdepends upon the number of ports an-d Number of Collision domains depends upon the number o ports,

6

How many Broad'c'ast & Coll'i'si,on Domains

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

I ., ",.:: - : -, -, ' ...•. ;. ,~.-,:":" ... ;.-:

1.·.· •••••• ·., ••

. _ .. _- .. --- .. - ._.. .

7

• •

.'

,

Broad'ca,st Dom,a:ins

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

• •

",····'11 "

__ ' .~L _ .'.'"

- .. ' , 4P

••••• • •••••

'. '

•

' .

•

,

'.

'.' '.

'.

•

.' •

• ..

8

Coll'is,ion Domai:ns

",····'11 -,

_.' .~L _ .'. __ ,

- .. - - 4P

••••• • •••••

'. ' •

' .

•

-

'. '.' '.

'.

• •

. -

,

• •

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

.'

•

-.'.

'.'

•

• •

•

' . •

.. •

- .

•

9

Ci:sco's Hierarchical Deslqn Mod·el

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

Cisco divided the Switches into 3 Layers

Access Layer Switches

-----..--.- : 1900 & 2900

Distribution Layer Switches 3000 & ,5000

Core Layer Switches

7000, 8000 & 10,000

10

Access L·a.yer Switch

S·UN·MARSS Technologies

11

Swit,ch,in'g Mode

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

Three types of S.witching Mode:

Store' & Forwar'd

Fragment Free

Cut through

11

Sto,re & F'orwa,rd

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

Store and forward switching pulls in' the whole frame into the port buffer, checks the CRe and then switches the frame if its error free

All swltches support Sto.re and Forward

A Default switching method for dlstrlbutlon layer swltehes.

Latency: High

Latency is the period of time from when the beginning of a frame enters to when the end of the frame, exits the, switch.

Latency is direct'ly related to the configu red sw'itching process and volume of traffic.

13

Sto,re & F'orwa,rd

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

14

F,ragmen,t, F'ree

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

It ls also referred to as Modified Cut-Through Runtless switching method.

The switch checks the first 64 bytes of a frame before forwarding it for fraqmentation, thus guarding ag,ainst runt

frames.

64 bytes is the minimum leg,al size of an Ethernet frame. Frames smaller than, 64 bytes are' called Runt frames,

Faster compared to S~ore, and Forward but could switch corrupt or bad frames.

A Oetiau.lt Switching method fer access layer switches. Latency: Mediu.m

or

I:=;

F,ragmen,t, F'ree

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

16

Cut Throuqh

The switch reads, only the first part of the frame (Le) the destfnatlon MAC address before forwarding

It i,s faster compared to store and forward but the bigg·est Problem is it may be switching bad frames.

Although this occurs infrequently' and the destination network adapter will discard the faulty packet upon receipt

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

A Default switching method for the core layer switches

t.atencv : Low

17

Cut through

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

18

E,xter,nal:of S,witc:h

S,UN'MARSS Technologies

10 mbps Ports

Fast Ethernet 100 mbps Ports

19