CHÖÔNG X: HEÄ THÖÙ C LÖÔÏ N G TRONG TAM GIAÙ C

I. ÑÒNH LYÙ HAØ M SIN VAØ COSIN

Cho ΔABC coù a, b, c laà n löôï t laø ba caï n h ñoá i dieä n cuû a A,
B,
C, R laø baù n kính
ñöôø n g troø n ngoaï i tieá p ΔABC , S laø dieä n tích ΔABC thì

a b c
= = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
a 2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A = b2 + c2 − 4S.cotgA
b2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B = a 2 + c 2 − 4S.cotgB
c2 = a 2 + b2 − 2ab cos C = a 2 + b2 − 4S.cotgC

Baø i 184 Cho ΔABC . Chöù n g minh:

A = 2B ⇔ a 2 = b2 + bc

Ta coù : a 2 = b2 + bc ⇔ 4R2 sin2 A = 4R2 sin2 B + 4R2 sin B.sin C

⇔ sin 2 A − sin 2 B = sin B sin C
1 1
⇔ (1 − cos 2A ) − (1 − cos 2B ) = sin B sin C
2 2
⇔ cos 2B − cos 2A = 2 sin B sin C
⇔ −2 sin ( B + A ) sin ( B − A ) = 2 sin B sin C
⇔ sin ( B + A ) sin ( A − B ) = sin B sin C
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = sin B ( do sin ( A + B ) = sin C > 0 )
⇔ A − B = B ∨ A − B = π − B ( loaïi )
⇔ A = 2B
Caù c h khaù c :
sin 2 A − sin 2 B = sin B sin C
⇔ (s in A − sin B) (s in A + sin B) = sin B sin C
A+B A−B A+B A−B
⇔ 2 cos sin .2 sin co s = sin B sin C
2 2 2 2
⇔ sin ( B + A ) sin ( A − B ) = sin B sin C
⇔ sin ( A − B ) = sin B ( do sin ( A + B ) = sin C > 0 )
⇔ A − B = B ∨ A − B = π − B ( loaïi )
⇔ A = 2B
 sin ( A − B ) a 2 − b2
Baø i 185: Cho ΔABC . Chöù n g minh: =
sin C c2

a 2 − b2 4R 2 sin2 A − 4R 2 sin2 B
Ta coù =
c2 4R 2 sin2 C
1 1
sin 2 A − sin 2 B 2 (
1 − cos 2A ) − (1 − cos 2B )
= = 2
sin 2 C sin 2 C
cos 2B − cos 2A −2 sin ( A + B ) sin ( B − A )
= =
2 sin 2 C 2 sin 2 C
sin ( A + B ) . sin ( A − B ) sin ( A − B )
= =
sin 2 C sin C
( do sin ( A + B ) = sin C > 0)
A B 1
Baø i 186: Cho ΔABC bieá t raè n g tg ⋅ tg = ⋅
2 2 3
Chöù n g minh a + b = 2c

A B 1 A B A B
Ta coù : tg ⋅ tg = ⇔ 3sin sin = cos cos
2 2 3 2 2 2 2
⎛ A B ⎞
⎜ do cos > 0, cos > 0 ⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
A B A B A B
⇔ 2 sin sin = cos cos − sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
⎡ A+B A − B⎤ A+B
⇔ − ⎢cos − cos ⎥ = cos
⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 2
A−B A+B
⇔ cos = 2 cos ( *)
2 2
Maë t khaù c : a + b = 2R ( sin A + sin B )
A+B A−B
= 4R sin cos
2 2
A+B A+B
= 8R sin
2
cos
2
( do ( *) )
= 4R sin ( A + B )
= 4R sin C = 2c
Caù c h khaù c :
a + b = 2c
⇔ 2R ( sin A + sin B ) = 4R sin C
 A+B A−B C C
⇔ 2 sin cos = 4 sin cos
2 2 2 2
A−B C A+B ⎛ A+B C ⎞
⇔ cos = 2 sin = 2 cos ⎜ do sin = cos ⎟
2 2 2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
A B A B A B A B
⇔ cos cos + sin sin = 2 cos cos − 2 sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B A B
⇔ 3 sin sin = cos cos
2 2 2 2
A B 1
⇔ tg ⋅ tg =
2 2 3
Baø i 187: Cho ΔABC , chöù n g minh neá u cotgA, cotgB, cotgC taï o moä t caá p soá coä n g thì
a 2 , b2 , c2 cuõ n g laø caá p soá coä n g.

Ta coù : cot gA, cot gB, cot gC laø caáp soá coäng ⇔ cot gA + cot gC = 2 cot gB ( * )
Caù c h 1:
sin ( A + C ) 2 cos B
Ta coù: ( *) ⇔ = ⇔ sin 2 B = 2 sin A sin C cos B
sin A sin C sin B
⇔ sin B = − ⎡⎣cos ( A + C ) − cos ( A − C ) ⎤⎦ ⎡⎣ − cos ( A + C ) ⎤⎦
2

⇔ sin 2 B = cos2 ( A + C ) − cos ( A − C ) cos ( A + C )

1
⇔ sin 2 B = cos2 B − [cos 2A + cos 2C]
2
1
⇔ sin 2B = (1 − sin 2 B ) − ⎡⎣(1 − 2 sin 2 A ) + (1 − 2 sin 2 C ) ⎤⎦
2
⇔ 2 sin B = sin A + sin 2 C
2 2

2b2 a2 c2
⇔ = +
4R 2 4R 2 4R 2
⇔ 2b2 = a 2 + c2
⇔ a 2 , b2 , c2 laø caâùp soá coäng •
Caù c h 2:
Ta coù: a 2 = b2 + c 2 − 2ab cos A
⎛1 ⎞
⇔ a 2 = b2 + c 2 − 4 ⎜ bc sin A ⎟ .cotgA
⎝2 ⎠
⇔ a = b + c − 4S cot gA
2 2 2

b2 + c 2 − a 2
Do ñoù cotgA =
4S
a 2 + c 2 − b2 a 2 + b2 − c 2
Töông töï cotgB = , cotgC =
4S 4S
b +c −a
2 2 2
a + b − c2
2 2
a 2 + c 2 − b2
Do ñoù: ( *) ⇔ + = 2⋅
4S 4S 4S
⇔ 2b = a + c
2 2 2
Baø i 188: Cho ΔABC coù sin2 B + sin2 C = 2sin2 A

Chöù n g minh BAC ≤ 600.

Ta coù: sin 2 B + sin 2 C = 2 sin 2 A

b2 c2 2a 2
⇔ + =
4R 2 4R 2 4R 2
⇔ b2 + c 2 = 2a 2 ( *)
Do ñònh lyù haø m cosin neâ n ta coù
a 2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
b2 + c 2 − a 2 2 ( b2 + c 2 ) − b2 − c 2
⇔ cos A = = ( do ( *))
2bc 4bc
b2 + c 2 2bc 1
= ≥ = ( do Cauchy )
4bc 4bc 2

Vaïây : BAC ≤ 600.
Caù c h khaù c:
ñònh lyù haø m cosin cho
a 2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A ⇒ b2 + c2 = a 2 + 2bc cos A
Do ñoù
(*) ⇔ a 2 + 2bc cos A = 2a 2
a2 b 2 + c2 1
⇔ cos A = = ≥ ( do Cauchy)
2bc 4 bc 2

Baø i 189: Cho ΔABC . Chöù n g minh :

R ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 )
cotgA+cotgB+cotgC =
abc
b + c − a2
2 2
Ta coù: cotgA =
4S
a +c −b
2 2 2
a 2 + b2 − c 2
Töông töï: cot gB = , cot gC =
4S 4S
a +b +c
2 2 2
a 2 + b2 + c 2
Do ñoù cot gA + cot gB + cot gC = =
4S abc
4
4R
a +b +c
2 2 2
=R
abc
Baø i 190: Cho ΔABC coù 3 goù c A, B, C taï o thaø n h moä t caá p soá nhaâ n coù coâ n g boä i q = 2.
Giaû söû A < B < C.
1 1 1
Chöù n g minh: = +
a b c
Do A, B, C laø caá p soá nhaâ n coù q = 2 neâ n B = 2A, C = 2B = 4A
π 2π 4π
Maø A + B + C = π neân A = , B = ,C =
7 7 7
Caù c h 1:
1 1 1 1
Ta coù: + = +
b c 2R sin B 2R sin C
⎛ ⎞
1 ⎜ 1 1 ⎟
= ⎜ + ⎟
2R ⎜ 2π 4π ⎟
⎜ sin sin ⎟
⎝ 7 7 ⎠
4π 2π
sin + sin
1 7 7
=
2R 2π 4π
sin sin
7 7
3π π
2 sin . cos
1 7 7 ⎛ do sin 4 π = sin 3π ⎞
= ⋅
2R 2π 3π ⎜⎝ 7 7 ⎠
⎟
sin . sin
7 7
π
cos
1 7 1
= ⋅ =
R π π 2R sin A
2 sin . cos
7 7
1
=
a
Caù c h 2:

1 1 1 1 1 1
= + ⇔ = +
a b c sin A sin B sin C
1 1 1 sin 4A + sin 2A
⇔ = + =
sin A sin 2A sin 4A sin 2A sin 4A
1 2 sin 3A. cos A 2 cos A 2 cos A
⇔ = = =
sin A sin 2A sin 4A sin 2A 2 sin A cos A
3π 4π
do : sin 3A = sin = sin = sin 4A •
7 7
Baø i 191: Tính caù c goù c cuû a ΔABC neá u
sin A sin B sin C
= =
1 3 2

a b c
Do ñònh lyù haø m sin: = = = 2R
sin A sin B sin C
sin A sin B sin C
neâ n : = = ( *)
1 3 2
 a b c
⇔ = =
2R 2R 3 4R
b c ⎪⎧ b = a 3
⇔a= = ⇔⎨
3 2 ⎪⎩c = 2a

( )
2
Ta coù: c 2 = 4a 2 = a 3 + a2
⇔ c 2 = b2 + a 2
Vaïây ΔABC vuoâng taïi C
Thay sin C = 1 vaøo ( *) ta ñöôïc
sin A sin B 1
= =
1 3 2
⎧ 1
⎪⎪sin A = 2
⇔⎨
⎪sin B = 3
⎪⎩ 2
⎪⎧ A = 30
0

⇔⎨
⎪⎩B = 60
0

Ghi chuù:
Trong tam giaù c ABC ta coù
a = b ⇔ A = B ⇔ sin A = sin B ⇔ cos A = cos B

II. ÑÒNH LYÙ VEÀ ÑÖÔØN G TRUNG TUYEÁ N

Cho UABC coù trung tuyeá n AM thì:

BC2
AB2 + AC2 = 2AM2 +
2

a2
hay : c + b = 2ma +
2 2 2

Baø i 192: Cho UABC coù AM trung tuyeá n , AMB = α , AC = b, AB = c, S laø dieä n tích
UABC. Vôù i 0 < α < 90 0

b2 − c 2
a/ Chöù n g minh: cotgα =
4S
b/ Giaû söû α = 45 , chöù n g minh: cotgC – cotgB = 2
0

HM MB − BH
a/ UAHM vuoâ n g ⇒ cotgα = =
AH AH
a BH
⇒ cotgα = − (1 )
2AH AH
 b2 − c 2 ( a + c − 2ac cos B ) − c
2 2 2

Maë t khaù c : =
4S 2AH.a
Ñaë t BC = a
b2 − c 2 a c cos B a BH
⇒ = − = − (2)
4S 2AH AH 2AH AH
b2 − c 2
Töø (1) vaø (2) ta ñöôï c : cotg α =
4S
Caù c h khaù c:
Goï i S 1 , S 2 laà n löôï t laø dieä n tích tam giaù c ABH vaø ACH
Aù p duï n g ñònh lyù haø m cos trong tam giaù c ABH vaø ACH ta coù :
AM2 + BM2 − c 2
cotg α = (3)
4S1
AM2 + CM2 − b2
− cotg α = (4)
4S2
Laá y (3) – (4) ta coù :
b2 − c 2 S
cotg α = ( vì S 1 =S 2 = )
4S 2
HC HB HC − HB
b/Ta coù : cotgC – cotgB = − =
AH AH AH
=
( MH + MC ) − ( MB − MH )
AH
2MH
= = 2 cotg α = 2 cotg 450 = 2
AH
Caù c h khaù c:
Aù p duï n g ñònh lyù haø m cos trong tam giaù c ABM vaø ACM ta coù :
BM2 + c 2 − AM2
cotg B = (5)
4S1
CM2 + b2 − AM2
cotg C = (6)
4S2
Laá y (6) – (5) ta coù :
b2 − c 2 S
cotg C − cot gB = = 2 cot gα =2 ( vì S 1 =S 2 = vaø caâ u a )
2S 2
Baø i 193 Cho UABC coù trung tuyeá n phaù t xuaá t töø B vaø C laø mb , mc thoû a
c mb
= ≠ 1 . Chöù n g minh: 2cotgA = cotgB + cotgC
b mc

c2 m2b
Ta coù : 2 = 2
b mc
1⎛ 2 b2 ⎞
⎜ a + c 2
− ⎟
c2 2 2 ⎠
⇔ 2 = ⎝
b 1⎛ 2 c2 ⎞
⎜ b + a 2
− ⎟
2⎝ 2⎠
c4 b4
⇔ b2 c 2 + a 2 c 2 − = a 2 b2 + b2 c 2 −
2 2
1
⇔ a 2 c 2 − a 2 b2 = ( c 4 − b4 )
2
1
⇔ a 2 ( c 2 − b2 ) = ( c 2 − b2 )( c 2 + b2 )
2
⎛ c ⎞
⇔ 2a 2 = c 2 + b2 (1) ⎜ do ≠ 1 ⎟
⎝ b ⎠
Thay b + c = a + 2bc cos A vaø o (1), ta coù (1) thaø n h
2 2 2

a 2 = 2bc cos A
a2 4R 2 sin 2 A
⇔ cos A = =
2bc 2 ( 2R sin B ) ( 2R sin C )
cos A sin A sin ( B + C )
⇔2 = =
sin A sin B sin C sin B sin C
sinBcosC+ sinCcosB
⇔ 2 cotgA = = cotgC+ cotgB
sin B sin C

Baø i 194: Chöù n g minh neá u UABC coù trung tuyeá n AA’ vuoâ n g goù c vôù i trung tuyeá n
BB’ thì cotgC = 2 (cotgA + cotgB)

UGAB vuoâ n g taï i G coù GC’ trung tuyeá n neâ n AB = 2GC’

2
Vaä y AB = CC′
3
⇔ 9c = 4m 2c
2

⎛ c2 ⎞
⇔ 9c 2 = 2 ⎜ b2 + a 2 − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
⇔ 5c 2 = a 2 + b2
⇔ 5c2 = c2 + 2ab cos C (do ñònh lyù haø m cos)
⇔ 2c 2 = ab cos C
2
⇔ 2 ( 2R sin C ) = ( 2R sin A )( 2R sin B ) cos C
 ⇔ 2 sin2 C = sin A sin B cos C
2 sin C cos C
⇔ =
sin A sin B sin C
2 sin ( A + B )
⇔ = cotgC
sin A sin B
2 ( sin A cos B + sin B cos A )
⇔ = cotgC
sin A sin B
⇔ 2 ( cotg B + cotgA ) = cotgC
III. DIEÄN TÍCH TAM GIAÙC
Goï i S: dieä n tích UABC
R: baù n kính ñöôø ng troø n ngoaï i tieá p UABC
r: baù n kính ñöôøn g troø n noä i tieá p UABC
p: nöû a chu vi cuû a UABC
thì
1 1 1
S= a.h a = b.h b = c.hc
2 2 2
1 1 1
S = ab sin C = ac sin B = bc sin A
2 2 2
abc
S=
4R
S = pr
S = p ( p − a ) ( p − b )( p − c )

2S
Baø i 195: Cho UABC chöù n g minh: sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C =
R2
Ta coù :
sin2A+ ( sin2B + sin2C )
= sin2A + 2sin(B + C).cos(B - C)
= 2sinAcosA + 2sinAcos(B - C)
= 2sinA[cosA + cos(B - C)]
= 2sinA[- cos(B + C) + cos(B - C)]
= 2sinA.[2sinB.sinC]
a b c 1 abc 1 4RS 2S
= 4. . . = = = 2
2R 2R 2R 2 R 3 2 R3 R

Baø i 196 Cho UABC. Chöù n g minh :

1 2
S = Dieä n tích (UABC) =
4
( a sin 2B + b2 sin 2A )
 1
Ta coù : S = dt ( ΔABC ) = ab sin C
2
1
= ab sin ( A + B )
2
1
= ab [sin A cos B + sinB cos A ]
2
1 ⎡⎛ a ⎞ ⎛b ⎞ ⎤
= ab ⎢⎜ sin B ⎟ cos B + ⎜ sin A ⎟ cos A ⎥ (do ñl haøm sin)
2 ⎣⎝ b ⎠ ⎝a ⎠ ⎦
1
= ⎡⎣a 2 sin B cos B+ b2 sin A cos A ⎤⎦
2
1
= ( a 2 sin 2B + b2 sin 2A )
4

Baø i 197: Cho ΔABC coù troï n g taâ m G vaø GAB

= α, GBC
= β, GCA = γ.
3 ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 )
Chöù n g minh: cotgα + cotgβ +cotgγ =
4S

Goï i M laø trung ñieå m BC, veõ MH ⊥ AB

AH
ΔAMH ⊥⇒ cos α =
AM
BH 2BH
ΔBHM ⊥⇒ cos B = =
MB a
Ta coù : AB = HA + HB
a
⇔ c = AM cos α + cos B
2
1 ⎛ a ⎞
⇔ cos α = ⎜ c − cos B ⎟ (1 )
AM ⎝ 2 ⎠
Maë t khaù c do aù p duï n g ñònh lyù haø m sin vaø o ΔAMB ta coù :

MB AM 1 a
= ⇔ sin α = MB sin B = sin B (2)
sin α sin B AM 2AM

Laá y (1) chia cho (2) ta ñöôï c :

a
c − cos B
2 2c − a cos B
cotgα = =
a b
sin B a.
2 2R
R ( 4c − 2a cos B ) R ( 4c − 2ac cos B )
2

= =
ab abc
3c + b − a
2 2 2
3c + b − a 2
2 2
= =
abc 4S
R
 Chöù n g minh töông töï :

3a 2 + c 2 − b2
cotgβ =
4S
3b + a 2 − c 2
2
cotgγ =
4S
Do ñoù :
cotgα + cotgβ + cotgγ
3c2 + b2 − a 2 3a 2 + c 2 − b2 3b2 + a 2 − c 2
= + +
4S 4S 4S
3 (a + b + c )
2 2 2

=
4S
3 2
Caù c h khaù c : Ta coù m2a + m2b + mc2 =
4
( a + b2 + c2 ) (*)

a2
c2 + m2a −
4 = 4c + 4ma − a (a)
2 2 2
cotgα =
4SΔABM 8S

4a 2 + 4m2b − b2 4b2 + 4m2c − c2

Töông töï cotgβ = (b), cotgγ = (c)
8S 8S

Coä n g (a), (b), (c) vaø keá t hôï p (*) ta coù :

3 ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 )
cotg α + cotg β + cotg γ =
4S

IV. BAÙN KÍNH ÑÖÔØ N G TROØ N

Goï i R baù n kính ñöôø n g troø n ngoaï i tieá p ΔABC
vaø r baù n kính ñöôø n g troø n noä i tieá p ΔABC thì
a abc
R= =
2 sin A 4S
S
r=
p
A B C
r = ( p − a ) tg = ( p − b ) tg = ( p − c ) tg
2 2 2

Baø i 198: Goï i I laø taâ m ñöôø n g troø n noä i tieá p ΔABC .
Chöù n g minh:
 A B C
a/ r = 4R sin sin sin
2 2 2
b/ IA.IB.IC = 4Rr 2

B BH
a/ Ta coù : ΔIBH ⊥⇒ cotg =
2 IH
B
⇒ BH = rcotg
2
C
Töông töï HC = r cotg
2

Maø : BH + CH = BC
neâ n
⎛ B C⎞
r ⎜ cotg + cotg ⎟ = a
⎝ 2 2⎠
⎛B + C⎞
r sin ⎜ ⎟
⇔ ⎝ 2 ⎠=a
B C
sin sin
2 2
A B C
⇔ r cos = ( 2R sin A ) sin sin
2 2 2
A A A B C
⇔ r cos = 4R sin cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2
A B C A
⇔ r = 4R sin sin sin . (do cos >0)
2 2 2 2

Α IK r
b/ Ta coù : Δ ⊥ ΑΚΙ ⇒ sin = ⇒ IA =
2 IA A
sin
2
r r
Töông töï IB = ; IC =
B C
sin sin
2 2
r 3
Do ñoù : IA.IB.IC =
A B C
sin sin sin
2 2 2

r3
= = 4Rr 2 (do keát quaû caâu a)
r
4R

Baø i 199: Cho ΔABC coù ñöôø n g troø n noä i tieá p tieá p xuù c caù c caï n h ΔABC taï i A’, B’,
C’. ΔA 'B 'C ' coù caù c caï n h laø a’, b’, c’ vaø dieä n tích S’. Chöù n g minh:
 a' b ' C⎛ A B⎞
a/ + = 2 sin ⎜ sin + sin ⎟
a b 2⎝ 2 2⎠
S' A B C
b/ = 2 sin sin sin
S 2 2 2

a/ Ta coù : C ' A 'B ' = 1 C

'IB ' = 1 ( π − A ) = 1 ( B + C )
2 2 2
AÙ p duï n g ñònh lyù hình sin vaø o ΔA 'B 'C '

a'
= 2r (r: baù n kính ñöôø ng troø n noä i tieá p ΔABC )
sin A '

' = 2r sin B + C (1)

⇒ a ' = 2r sin A
2
ΔABC coù : a = BC = BA '+ A 'C

B C
⇒ a = r cot g + r cot g
2 2
B+C
sin
⇒a=r 2 (2)
B C
sin sin
2 2
(1) a ′ B C
Laá y ta ñöôï c = 2 sin sin
(2) a 2 2

b' A C
Töông töï = 2 sin .sin
b 2 2

a ' b' C⎛ A B⎞
Vaä y + = 2 sin ⎜ sin + sin ⎟ .
a b 2⎝ 2 2⎠

b/ Ta coù : 'C 'B ' = 1 .B 'IA ' = 1 ( π − C ) = 1 ( A + B )

A
2 2 2
 A+B C
Vaä y sin C ' = sin = cos
2 2
1
a ' b 'sin C '
S ' dt ( ΔA 'B 'C ') 2
Ta coù : = =
S dt ( ΔABC ) 1
ab sin C
2
S ' ⎛ a ' ⎞ ⎛ b ' ⎞ sin C '
⇒ = ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
S ⎝ a ⎠ ⎝ b ⎠ sin C
C
cos
B C A 2
= 4 sin sin 2 sin ⋅
2 2 2 C C
2 sin cos
2 2
B C A
= 2 sin ⋅ sin ⋅ sin
2 2 2

Baø i 200: Cho ΔABC coù troï n g taâ m G vaø taâ m ñöôø n g troø n noä i tieá p I. Bieá t GI vuoâ n g

goù c vôù i ñöôø n g phaâ n giaù c trong cuû a BCA . Chöù n g minh:
a+b+c 2ab
=
3 a+b
Veõ GH ⊥ AC, GK ⊥ BC, ID ⊥ AC
IG caé t AC taï i L vaø caé t BC taï i N
Ta coù : Dt(ΔCLN) = 2Dt(ΔLIC)
=ID.LC = r.LC (1)
Maë t khaù c :
Dt(ΔCLN) = Dt(ΔGLC) + Dt(ΔGCN)
1
= ( GH.LC + GK.CN ) (2)
2
Do ΔCLN caâ n neâ n LC = CN

Töø (1) vaø (2) ta ñöôï c :

1
rLC = LC ( GH + GK )
2
⇔ 2r = GH + GK
Goï i h a , h b laø hai ñöôø n g cao ΔABC phaù t xuaá t töø A, B

GK MG 1 GH 1
Ta coù : = = vaø =
ha MA 3 hb 3

1
Do ñoù : 2r = ( ha + h b ) (3)
3
 1 1
Maø : S = Dt ( ΔABC ) = pr = a.ha = b.h b
2 2

2pr 2pr
Do ñoù : ha = vaø h b =
a b

2 ⎛1 1⎞
Töø (3) ta coù : 2r =pr ⎜ + ⎟
3 ⎝a b⎠
1 ⎛a + b⎞
⇔ 1 = p⎜ ⎟
3 ⎝ ab ⎠
a+b+c a+b
⇔3= ⋅
2 ab
2ab a+b+c
⇔ =
a+b 3

Th.S Phạm Hồng Danh (TT luyện thi Vĩnh Viễn)

 BAØI TAÄP
1. Cho ΔABC coù ba caï n h laø a, b, c. R vaø r laà n löôï t laø baù n kính ñöø ô ng troø n ngoaï i
tieá p vaø noä i tieá p ΔABC . Chöù n g minh:
C A B
a/ ( a − b ) cotg + ( b − c ) cotg + ( c − a ) cotg = 0
2 2 2
r
b/ 1 + = cos A + cos B + cos C
R
A B C
c/ Neá u cotg , cotg , cotg laø caá p soá coä n g thì a, b, c cuõ n g laø caá p soá coä n g.
2 2 2
d/ Dieä n tích ΔABC = R r ( sin A + sin B + sin C )
e/ Neá u : a 4 = b4 + c4 thì ΔABC coù 3 goù c nhoï n vaø 2sin2 A = tgB.tgC
8
2. Neá u dieä n tích ( ΔABC ) = (c + a -b)(c + b -a) thì tgC =
15
3. Cho ΔABC coù ba goù c nhoï n . Goï i A’, B’, C’ laø chaâ n caù c ñöôø n g cao veõ töø A, B,
C. Goï i S, R, r laà n löôï t laø dieä n tích, baù n kính ñöôø n g troø n ngoaï i tieá p , noä i tieá p
ΔABC . Goï i S’, R’, r’ laà n löôï t laø dieä n tích, baù n kính ñöôø n g troø n ngoaï i tieá p ,
noä i tieá p cuû a ΔA 'B 'C ' . Chöù n g minh:
a/ S’ = 2ScosA.cosB.cosC
R
b/ R ' =
2
c/ r’ = 2RcosA.cosB.cosC
4. ΔABC coù ba caï n h a, b, c taï o moä t caá p soá coä n g. Vôù i a < b < c
Chöù n g minh :
a/ ac = 6Rr
A −C B
b/ cos = 2 sin
2 2
3r ⎛ C A⎞
c/ Coâ n g sai d = ⎜ tg − tg ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 2⎠
5. Cho ΔABC coù ba goù c A, B, C theo thöù töï taï o 1 caá p soá nhaâ n coù coâ n g boä i q = 2.
Chöù n g minh:
1 1 1
a/ = +
a b c
5
b/ cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C =
4