‫‪ 7-3-6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻔﺮ‪ 50 ،30 ،‬ﻭ ‪ 70‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ 3L ،2L‬ﻭ ‪ 4L‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺑﻲ ‪ 65 ،50‬ﻭ ‪ 80‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺛﺎﺑﺚ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ‪ ،U/Uc>1‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1-7-3-6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (55‐6‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ‪ %30‬ﻭ ‪ %50‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 0/7‬ﻭ ‪ 3/5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 60‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ )‪ (56-6‬ﺗﺎ )‪(58-6‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪R=%0‬‬ ‫‪R=%30‬‬ ‫‪R=%50‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ds/dse‬‬

‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪t/te‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ds‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 55‐6‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪te‬‬ ‫‪d se‬‬

‫‪104‬‬
 ‫‪R=%‬‬ ‫‪0 % 30‬‬ ‫‪% 50‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺳﻮم‬

‫‪d s/d se‬‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬

‫‪S/L=2‬‬

‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪t/t‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪S/L=2‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 56‐6‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ s‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫‪te‬‬ ‫‪d se‬‬

‫‪R=% 0 % 30‬‬ ‫‪% 50‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬
‫‪ds/dse‬‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺳﻮم‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬

‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪S/L=3‬‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪t/t‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ds‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ 57‐6‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪te‬‬ ‫‪d se‬‬

‫‪S/L=3‬‬
‫‪R=% 0 % 30‬‬ ‫‪% 50‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺳﻮم‬
‫‪ds /dse‬‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬

‫‪S/L=4‬‬

‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪0.001‬‬ ‫‪0.01‬‬ ‫‪t/t e‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ds‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 58‐6‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪te‬‬ ‫‪d se‬‬

‫‪S/L=4‬‬

‫‪105‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ds‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪= ( ) 0.108‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.5128‬‬ ‫)‪(37‐6‬‬
‫‪d se‬‬ ‫‪te‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (59‐6‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ds/dse‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ اول‬
‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪(ds/dse)c‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫)‪(ds/dse‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ 59‐6‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ و ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪t 0.076‬‬

‫‪( s ) 2 = 1.25( ) − 0.19 ( )1‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.8767‬‬ ‫)‪(38‐6‬‬
‫‪d se‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪te‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪t 0.054‬‬

‫‪( s ) 3 = ( ) − 0.025 ( )1‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.8559‬‬ ‫)‪(39‐6‬‬
‫‪d se‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪te‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪t 0.054‬‬

‫‪( s ) 4 = 0.98( ) 0.03 ( )1‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9412‬‬ ‫)‪(40‐6‬‬
‫‪d se‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪te‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ )‪ (38‐6‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (40‐6‬ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ )‪ (60‐6‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (62 ‐6‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪106‬‬
 ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬
‫‪1.2‬‬

‫‪0.8‬‬

‫‪(ds/dse) c‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫)‪(ds/dse‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ 60‐6‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺳﻮم‬
‫‪1.2‬‬

‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪(ds/dse)c‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫)‪(ds/dse‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 61 ‐6‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬
‫‪1.2‬‬

‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪(ds/dse)c‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫)‪(ds/dse‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 62 ‐6‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‬

‫‪107‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ 2L‬ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻃﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 2-7-3-6‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﮕﻮ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺤﺎﻝ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Suzuki‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1987‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (41‐6‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫< ‪ 2‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪< 10‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪(d se ) c‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬

‫‪= 0.07( ) + 0.14‬‬ ‫)‪(41‐6‬‬
‫‪(d se )1‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫در اﻳﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪108‬‬
 ‫‪ :(dse)c‬ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫‪ :(dse)1‬ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ :S‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ :L‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫‪S‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪> 12‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪(d se ) c ≈ (d se )1‬‬ ‫)‪(42‐6‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻫﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ d se L‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ y/L‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ‪،(1972)Gill‬‬

‫‪ Suzuki‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪ (1987‬ﻭ ‪ (1988) Kawan‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (63 ‐6‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Gill(1972‬‬ ‫‪Present Study‬‬ ‫)‪Suzuki(1987‬‬ ‫)‪Kwan(1988‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪d se /L‬‬

‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪Y/L‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 63‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ‪ y/L‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻄﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺘﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺭﺩﻳﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪109‬‬
 ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪( se )1 = k Fr k Ra‬‬ ‫)‪(43‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪d‬‬
‫‪( se ) i = k Fr k Ra k sl‬‬ ‫)‪(44‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ‪ kFr‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ kRa ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ‪ ksl‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (43‐6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (44‐6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 3-7-3-6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (64 ‐6‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (67‐6‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ )‪mm‬‬

‫‪ (d50=1.3‬ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )‪ (L=500mm‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ‪ %50‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ اول‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺳﻮم‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬ ‫‪Ra=%0‬‬ ‫‪S/L=2‬‬
‫‪0.9‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬
‫‪dse/L‬‬
‫‪0.3‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.32‬‬ ‫‪0.34‬‬ ‫‪0.36‬‬
‫‪Fr‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 64 ‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ Ro=0%‬ﻭ ‪S/L=2‬‬

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 ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ اول‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺳﻮم‬
‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬ ‫‪Ra =% 30‬‬ ‫‪S /L=4‬‬
‫‪0.45‬‬

‫‪0.3‬‬
‫‪dse /L‬‬
‫‪0.15‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.32‬‬ ‫‪0.34‬‬ ‫‪0.36‬‬
‫‪Fr‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 65‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ Ro=30%‬ﻭ‪S/L =4‬‬

‫‪Ra % 0‬‬ ‫‪Ra % 30‬‬ ‫‪Ra % 50‬‬

‫‪Ra % 70‬‬ ‫‪S /L = 3‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬
‫‪0 .3‬‬

‫‪0 .2‬‬

‫‪dse / L‬‬

‫‪0 .1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0 .3‬‬ ‫‪0 . 32‬‬ ‫‪0 . 34‬‬ ‫‪0 . 36‬‬
‫‪Fr‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 66‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ‪S/L =3‬‬

‫‪Ra % 0‬‬ ‫‪Ra % 30‬‬ ‫‪Ra % 50‬‬

‫‪Ra % 70‬‬ ‫‪S /L=4‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬
‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪dse /L‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.32‬‬ ‫‪0.34‬‬ ‫‪0.36‬‬
‫‪Fr‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 67‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ‪S/L = 4‬‬

‫‪111‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪K Fr = 0.043Fr −1.0201‬‬ ‫)‪(R 2 = 0.5758‬‬ ‫)‪(45‐6‬‬

‫‪ 4-7-3-6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ )‪ (68‐6‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (70 ‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬

‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ اول‬

‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬
‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺳﻮم‬
‫‪0.4‬‬
‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬
‫‪d se /L‬‬ ‫‪Fr =. 349‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪S/L=4‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪Ro‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 68‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬

‫‪ Fr=0.349‬ﻭ‪S/L=4‬‬

‫‪Fr = 0 .349‬‬
‫‪Fr = 0 .319‬‬
‫‪0 .5‬‬ ‫‪Fr = 0 .313‬‬
‫‪S /L = 3‬‬
‫‪dse /L‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ اول‬

‫‪0 .25‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪Ro‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 69‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ‪S/L = 3‬‬

‫‪112‬‬
 ‫‪0.45‬‬
‫‪Fr=0.349‬‬
‫‪Fr=0.319‬‬
‫‪0.3‬‬
‫‪Fr=0.313‬‬
‫‪dse/L‬‬
‫‪S/L=4‬‬
‫‪0.15‬‬
‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪Ro‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 70‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ‪S/L = 4‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﺪﺩ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬

‫ﭼﺸﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﻖ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪K Ra = 5.149(1 − R ) 2‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9825‬‬ ‫)‪(46‐6‬‬

‫‪ 5-7-3-6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ )‪ (71 ‐6‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (74 ‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪113‬‬
 ‫‪0 .4‬‬
‫‪Y = 80 .49‬‬
‫‪Y = 101 .68‬‬
‫‪Y = 118 .39‬‬
‫‪d se /L‬‬ ‫‪0 .2‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬
‫‪R =% 0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪S /L‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 71‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫‪R=%0‬‬

‫‪0 .2‬‬
‫‪Y = 80 . 49‬‬
‫‪Y = 101 . 68‬‬
‫‪Y = 118 . 39‬‬
‫‪d se / L‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬
‫‪0 .1‬‬
‫‪R =% 30‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪S /L‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 72‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫‪R=%30‬‬

‫‪0 . 35‬‬
‫‪Ra 0 %‬‬
‫‪Ra 30 %‬‬
‫‪dse / L‬‬ ‫‪Ra 50 %‬‬
‫‪Ra 70 %‬‬
‫‪0 . 175‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬
‫‪Y = 118 . 39‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪S /L‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 73‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪Y=118.39mm‬‬

‫‪114‬‬
 ‫‪0 .5‬‬

‫‪Ra 0 %‬‬
‫‪Ra 30 %‬‬
‫‪dse / L‬‬ ‫‪Ra 50 %‬‬
‫‪Ra 70 %‬‬
‫‪0 . 25‬‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬
‫‪Y = 118 . 39‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪S /L‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 74‐6‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻡ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪Y=118.39mm‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ 4L‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﭼﺸﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 3L‬ﻭ ‪ 2L‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ Ksl‬ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ K a (S / L) K b‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪S‬‬
‫) (‪K a = 0.131‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9922‬‬ ‫)‪(47‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪S‬‬
‫‪K a = 0.17( ) 0.5‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.7719‬‬ ‫)‪(48‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪S‬‬
‫‪K a = 0.063( )1.5‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9881‬‬ ‫)‪(49‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫( ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ kb‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱﻫﻤﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ kb‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ )‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺁﻣﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪115‬‬
 ‫‪ 6-7-3-6‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ )‪ (45‐6‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (49‐6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (50‐6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ )‪ (51‐6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪d‬‬
‫‪( se )1 = k Fr k R‬‬ ‫)‪(50‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬
‫‪( se ) i = k sl ( se )1 ,‬‬ ‫‪i = 2,3,4‬‬ ‫)‪(51‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ )‪ (52‐6‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (55‐6‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬

‫ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪d‬‬
‫‪( se )1 = 0.221 (1 − R ) 2 Fr −1.0201‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9814‬‬ ‫)‪(52‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪S d‬‬

‫‪( se )2 = 0.131 ( ) ( se )1‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9539‬‬ ‫)‪(53‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬

‫‪( se )3 = 0.17 ( ) 0.5 ( se )1‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9238‬‬ ‫)‪(54‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬

‫‪( se )4 = 0.063 ( )1.5 ( se )1‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9677‬‬ ‫)‪(55‐6‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ )‪ (53‐6‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (55‐6‬ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪(d se ) 2‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬

‫) ( ‪= 0.131‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9539‬‬ ‫)‪(56‐6‬‬
‫‪(d se )1‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫‪(d se ) 3‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬

‫‪= 0.17 ( ) 0.5‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9238‬‬ ‫)‪(57‐6‬‬
‫‪(d se )1‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫‪(d se ) 4‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬

‫‪= 0.063 ( )1.5‬‬ ‫‪R 2 = 0.9677‬‬ ‫)‪(58‐6‬‬
‫‪(d se )1‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫در اﻳﻦ رواﺑﻂ‪:‬‬

‫‪ : (d se )1‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫‪ : (d se ) 2‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺩﻭﻡ‬

‫‪116‬‬
 ‫‪ : (d se ) 3‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫‪ : (d se ) 4‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬

‫‪ Ro‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ‪ : Fr ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ : S ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ‪ : L ،‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫‪d se‬‬
‫( ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (75 ‐67‬ﻭ )‪ (76‐6‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ )‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪0.8‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬

‫‪(d se /L) m‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪R2=0.9814‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.2 (d se /L) c 0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 75‐6‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ (dse/L‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫‪0.45‬‬
‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ دوم‬
‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﺳﻮم‬ ‫‪+20 % Error Line‬‬
‫دﻣﺎﻏﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم‬

‫‪0.3‬‬

‫‪-20 % Error Line‬‬

‫‪(d se /L) m‬‬

‫‪0.15‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪(d se /L) c‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪0.45‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 76 ‐6‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ (dse/L‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺸﻜﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻡ‬

‫ﻭﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬

‫‪117‬‬