0,

,

.

, 'V

""r' jEIi 1iL, ~. ~ 'r~ 'i'

I ' I I

Ii-' ,

IOU

1

mv

'-h,l, "

~

Irb c l

m

'Ii!"' 0 .

.I,... '"

H'

ul_

pr

are th

" ttl

fi_-~-

here tOI (,o'n' id - r the innovativ · 01,' ',"'11 'm,' 1ll'---'-uD':tantiaH.y contributed to - • ~ so manv parti ipanrs in thls syn uosium-e-to recast th "r ld~t of iter tur ":" :3, . tudv of 'i-· rature of th ""' . m ri 3., his hl\ alus b'~ . 11 1~,'

- ~. . - - - - - - - - - -

in. ,O\L 11·. n'l put~ unerican Studies in ~'~n - '~It'h, both the con ptusl and histori al .' .eakdown of . hi . ,a.(1 "r:'I1" of 'l:h, nation, ... tAli ,".~l("n"eptu 1'1,1 :!, nedict :n,d,m'fSOJlh, ' on1. Nairn, H0111.:i :0,11., bha, a,n, _ :a nurnbe ~ • f criti .. , i:n

th ,fL ld ofpO~lC'ol"oruial f( u,di. s have been 1!1IJr'I- nunc elezant an ~h. e sine

IF I 10' ..

the 19:',0, I f the lack ofviability I. f the nat ion-state ~_S an aualyti ~ J c [) -, lory.

This d, v looment in. W.r 0' " h'" coincided '~- [-11. historical v nts that hav

-

w n creasin I ~.~. ,ad, 'van ..... '. us _ nil ns , tion alen , · 'Ui s It tho '\I\{. :rl.-, B~Ul k ~I 'tl ,! - :1'. ,[ cO ~

Tim '\i\,~- fin I r, tlu 'U nl t ,d, ,,-- ation '~' '~' h. 01. U ro, ,J_',~, i . _ J- 31'"',d,R :E n.r' n. ~,~ Lie ~ )

seem n I .. :r.' 'ignifical1 ilia:" ~-, 3' ",10:" ] g' 'V rnments, 'In Io ·,kinl..• at 111

hi misoh ' as a unit, and in :' ~Ugi_ e: 'ung d. famili linn, n10V~ 'j including readin r . aulkner as a Caribb an, or . ann Am rican writ r d 'rivin: reading

'1i!',1t"1I"""=!i 'iii, ' . ~,~.. from ,jI; ~.,,~, 'W·' 0" .' k· :. ff "_' ~""1 ribb '=110- in if 11]-, ctuals or ('OI"iId' j" '[.'. "', ' .. a ivid

Iilldll£~llb I L. .lit· " Ullll,'-- . '. "'~'" .. ~J _ it.-lI!i, LIJ ~ l~ j •. _ ~b· [ J" ~ ~ ~I _ -... f ,_ ~

~a],d,"i'~llir - has"'uggeslte,d. '\ :,. ,~in'~ _ Iavana rath 'f . :l'an ' .. ' 'e'~:' ork as. th metro I. JiIL3n " I ·n.u!'r of'An _.' ri.· an Ultra,' .ur ' 1,10' lie iterature of' he, -, 11 'n> as t'f' '" d has '~h.: ,'.' d It 1,1 studv ,of . r . n!c311 literature '[I'P' ,~tith 11111 mo" [ 'j n n O~,· rive dev lOp111 n, _", in critical 'U eory ~

Th nroblem ,,,r]t} ,th: Literatur '0' rhe . 'n.e'ncMI: rp' ctiv ~ how v r, i'. _~. at [ i I[ h ~ not b en ... :ru'ffi cie 'n-,'~" rl!" rOt _ us in UD d· r .. _ 0 ri n ~ th Eb,

spatial inequalitie within WI hemi phen ', ThL" should 'not - .'. r: surprisinj if' \t, e go back to I. ust \1!0 ·· ... rez- ___;- irmat's introduction Ito the anth Jo,,' i Do the

" ?n.eri (l5 Haue a Comnz,on .Li~eratuT((!~' and : ind hin , statiru that "th purpose 10:_ the I a.y , in 'this . 0 ok is ~ m '. ['0 coupl Idl ~i t' ratur an d cu [ tu r - s of ~ l.i }.,I misph r .. '. '" in '01" '" " 'to find region 10' .. < I .-DI' nt or commor alin ~'I~~ Comparing .. a South '.' n .. erican pOI.-1 with ODie rrom ::::_'. wYork~ a nov,. Ii. [,. rom p ru 1ft 'h. one from th ' . Inlted <,~a'£ler, South 0'1' ~ n in, ,- llectual from the Caribb an '~\ri.ltJ1. a. Harvar " academic ot e ;" fresh ini: hts and a broad r 'p "pile uv I. I wou ~d, fi nd ',0 nl· •. · fauh h O,1F' '. 'v! r, \r\-f] t h, 3. d i ':"C ours I th ,., '[ .: U ow '. rhetorical parallel l'CI create ,ac 0":'1 of equali =: ~ here profound patial inequalui 8, 8'D11 predominaa ., It m'~_:y' not be enou !h"!1 in othe worr "~ '60':' us [01 ,SP-'Q/l as, though the entir h .. 'rn'isp,h,~':,e' has on. history, on cultur '!I,au,d on :il, rani ~ " when th history and culrur 0:' th ·,OLJ 'th rn half 0, the

L 'iWI[. vo :r~ ~~, .~ . irm at. "':1 ~ trod UCMi(DU;, Cheek '1'0 'Ch, - ek i'" i ~ Da t'jltj t1I.IJ'mc·tM Il'a ~ (j,' I{AmmQ1,~ t.ite~i"d'iU'P?ed", G1!JIs'm,\,r,o :" r 'l-fm r. HU (DurlhUllml~,tl'k'"' "m,i\1~r.silty Pres 'I' 1!t OL pp. ~-!.

56

11 . 'In I'" .1 -. er

hi. - o'n,·· atrJ. Fu - th rmor

Ii ' .fth

rature ~'I- has

~

~I J

devoted to it,

th-·_l as 1'\'

th.

·n ..Ie' n aln 0::[

' .. tn

small I .. ·amp1l'-'- . _... sh .... tudi "'.' . I :, "'~ '. II . ~. - "j ,It ~ 'n rial

0·"

.

ns

IU···

, . ,

Bluer . Jgnol0 I ltJcol J'," -1'('1"" /Glt/;o,1 lb j ms: (_:n.Io.r~ ~attlj! ., "t"ll-lien-I' K l~rtJVJ(HIp," ljll,ul 8(11 _ 11( fI'._ln'. (Prilrk,. ,-' ,n: '-"n.r· ."),

.. 7

[0'1'"111 ,I of _ ,ibl.i' Iza .ion." I his ,.,

•

n '\' J" b, !

I 1 >_ncUni 'S vi, '

;upon histoi ',' · _~ "PI ,11

ill ~

n~l "

," and in

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I fit" n i' ~I h-

In lit" = - h

l '. 1,.' 'B), abb __ ,~

'," (.' ICO",

- ~ i

,-

r · mal

'ti,:: '_",~_" il":, 'r ,-'!I.I',

'. ... r~ III I . .r'lh

dil_ -1JjJi I _ _ . f ';.i'h· b fidei t ~ t~' a l '1' exp H" of pots n .' an ," p'ro (IJ uc ~ \ ...

d[','b'll ,- ions,

I have sev raj id "a 'U- how Lit rature of rhe ,' ]t ri as mi,-,l . b lJ.L I, sued ,,,i- ] au [ , .' - a .. in, . mIn ]ll!o!]-lan l in equali ties bur " or our . 'llrp 0 ~.,-~. :1 m 1]

rocus on 0: strat i~~ ,,:mlanl'.cl j ,,-,in,,' 'io,H'ri.[~' eeonomv to r, ad literarur .. In the are a ofFuJ.ltlll r crlticisi 1 th re ar ":i ve ral cion ;,bll lve preced n th [

ould 1 .. (,U,C)w, d I includine rea ings by Carolyn . 'or. . r i her e rl s U "

. J B . . ., - '-h T' ~,II ,. I ~ Ik~ - 1

'. no' al~f,tf _'tnn~ J' IL'O ',i ,::' annews In ru , '" ,,'-3·'· ,

,,:ach im '; ," and ,,~,ch ard Godd ' _, in h i'" balk Fiction of ' ahOY .. ~t . _It

n '0 I,' ... ':' !s,Crm a bri ,'b, "~'i '11 r adinas . f' aulknerwith som in.'.

" .

in ql11 StiOR-· or political eCO:DO' -.~' and th, hnportam m 'VI m .11.[ re .

<Ie u kne r as a hemisph ric 'mt r, hev 3L -. __ 01.0 <alli\~ar' .. "Lookin fa,

a ',I aster Plan: aulkn 'r,_arl ,d ',- and the Colonial n :POo,-_ olonia .

. u,bj I' 'I( [ I~ I unld','Usan ' , - lilli, : ,'-' S, i40 ~ , ~1' . ·.'tl etics 0' . the R,u , I~. u:nl~

.' ontradictions and), Dep ndencv in 'The B ar. "~'ll.

- - rough ~~'[jl:t.S, stud ~I, the 0" ' st . {' he 'I.v '1Lt. ~f m ,DI, n'u, Ii ii,

distin u11 ,in,i, ch .. a:L_ ct fi' 'UCS, , n .. d potential -"Dim'·, u ins, to the, ite . 'IL[ e of'th - Ann ricas approach aresuch that 'w, :u~ld,~' ~,-'fo:r usingthead] ctiv .:: ,-' ',1 C'[. d l'~ in "rlQ';l,' of ," 'IL. ' mak ~ thi 1 laim ,timaril, ' __ ·us' h r' r ' '.'f- to

depend n --)1' theory :3; ''a r ~l ~'ng strat ',~~ for th F, uilkner n,o,\,. I gi", primacy 'to the spatial inequalit ies 'lhllt I: insist unon, Borrowina From ]j , " ann itJi' '" allier, [I in, sh- Id" S ',_Jb,: 'S Faulkn :r'~'- I . out}" as a "semi-p _'riph ry" which has aid" 'PI'- nd nr .' OJ!} '~~ orth ru cs nitalists il- illed '> th

'.:f: f ~ - .. ;,.. '- 'Iir.: 11'11'"

recenstr ~ICDon rorce - 0, [0,_ ustru azanon. ro VI' IJJJlI',~ pr,o, I

; S ~ng 'Inid B; in,Il.: 11~ .PliF!1,1: ~r t'll:e Pad,icifMril. Om"n1J, . J,f' E;/U!r!W'ni Jar/If!'''i Ad;:~,a.{i anf} FQullt.u~ ( ~lidd~'~n'o:lJl" CtHln- bro,m;:: \1\-1 ,~!- .' J_I '~''"mhf,el'~'t},r 'PIl", '. I 9'1 ~ ,.

~'l;'frllf!n.:~ oj LtJ;{),T: t1'it'l.i.a'~1J' Fatdktlfl' a,~~,r1 f}l,~ S~!d;~' 1" Ltw-_g' Hn!()l'ftl~o~, (. '3, l1!bri,d:Q1- : - _'m-rid l-nh~eli'I')·'_ .c_~ HJ917).

10m n TIw ICtl mJ1ndw 'CtJmj1an i(}'n' eo \t\rIiQi\(J'lll J~,aulkugJ ed, 'P'hU i pM. VVe in tei n r· e w 'V,;ork:

C m bri dg - ' ln iil.f . r,si rt Pr . ss 1'99.5), P'P'. '9, _. 120,.

bolized in U 'he B ar" 11'1 Jl r ._':lr.ad ani I lh" lumb .. r rO'fnl1anJ that rrunsth foresr where voun r Ik : .. ·c:'asnn an' theoth r hara ters hunt

, .

I :Ir I. lid "·0" '",rHlw.s, .- ,-. -,.rd ~ liLt lon P" ~ n d .' l L ],lclJ.d [ . 0 11 r un ~ e .• ti - n of the

, '

novella a crucial, S,i'R,C in It ,It· 'Me aslin de initi' ,e~.y r j ects 'hi. la I}

o''lrn ers hi Pi U,_8Ilt is his birthrieh t bur which has come [0 ' it' "'v ill hi, n ind

, .JI

lh rapaci IU'S -, arur of 'IJ11 New Sout 1,. - ais d .11 "Ide', ,cy I. ub I'X.[" ·f l~ _, It'

81 . r" l' tl,l - . \\,"" ~U', '[0 'tal [I rn nt fron , int - r,,1,f'1I\{ "nth I. , ~_ '"~I'ile:r Will . pa.~' homa - tc Faulkne - i' \t\ aL' that, 'or h r" I "ugg :1 Lh 'L b tl1 Faulkner

and the n.· •. eli co 's 0' . ae Lati - :]1 rica .. , '~c. "10101, (G,2IJcia '" 'a.rqu., 'ZI 'V'ar~',

L~o a, am in .' rti .. ·-· ular) . ir r ~", m ·lin.g 'to similar hi· min:' :a1

narratives, lie 'Na" indu t '"i lization il d [ . a" ,:r,- lof .' :, ndent

i

.'-"011)0'0 ic Id 1\1- lopment 'd131 fost rd .. m '0- colonialism in '\\"'_ rio: . ~ rms, In

thh a . pile of h r :at:n " rm nt, \'\, illis pr ._Igtlr .. ·' in 197'B,OJl1.' of rhe b · t

instincts o .. f jhe more r cent ;-. 'I""~'[-U''Il''iiG'Ii 0"" '-','-"1Ii" ' Ii"lll "1'·r~I .. ~]!IO'·~"IIIT"iI,.m,] "'!iiI."!

.1..11., L III..:J I, I· Ill. I.. ilia. ,=, L _it.,Ii ~. ',I !!I..- '. _ _ = . .1.1::. . ..111..11. ::..1. "'-t;]l.. II ~,I. '. III... JI i.L!b C,Q

represented 'by' . borah Cohn, who . -,-rgu' d, 'i'-, ,~'99' thar "it is pre ise ". ' th oani h Ame i. n author , 'I. r ention ,- '-- '~,' ll l in their ex -ra""'Ht rarv

I , ' , •

-:x,p rien _ '.-, 3J],d those of" aulkn I" ~ " ~ tha l gav ' the south rn ':r~uC'h a

tron . ",,. 1,101Jd im Spanish ,'1,1 rican fiction . ." I~

Tl~U'1 \\ illis's essav r '0" only a .knowl daes mat rial in iq'll' in ~ , thrum th its -r,eSOIF" to political e onot r but 'a!I";',O fur h - r r aid till 51. in qualities spatial "\ rather I 'han simply c- ~ sync h roni issue: 0'" ,0 i con- mic cla J,:, in the t ~, .' iti,omaJ : .... :aJFX.i' 'I s ns ~ In his 'u v Thoms c:

,I

,Ul I n 's s ':I'ry in. ,A bsa lowlJI _, ,bl,alo,n~! is eml ill1] a U c 1'Ol :01 er " 10 th tragi

imposs~'b·ilil'Y of tl:t - (capitall t) ,~, meriean dream but ,"O'-{ 1 . patial

uructur s of th,. CO,~I nial I. '. Qlu,omy :repr. ' .... ent -'cl in the . ,IOV .11-, me ticulou plonings .. ' fa (,or (Harvard, NewEngland, WI Northeasr e n nited States) :311d [0; vari ou'" , - '. ripherie . and '~ - mi-periph . ries [Appa achia lh,. P: antatiou

. - 11' Iii, lb.. 11-1). '1.1,""Iii ' ...iI:::. and ; n ~ 1J,.., ·'r' . hr 'II" -' ~,'n d .. a) 1"'1"!i .

.... '!Ij,; ILIJI~ II...~ - '''I~, Il.. Wi.·. , mIL", ,:I, , u,~ .• " . ,,~~ ''11'' •. -'" ~u. _. ft, ~ . 1.11,1

, ar". J11d' 0 D,cJ1J}'n'i'O' es is almost as . labora .e, including th . p! riph '1,~8J huntin .,·"round" the s mi-p ripheri .

a: d M' h · ' ".... b. ~ ,- '" 1 =- d ,. ~ 'k h d

,O~ errerson an __ ._. mp ~ lS. an, -' a,' I~ _'-.111 IU.IJ.e m ustnanz. I,. < ortn, pu., '_. " 0

[.J1 .·XU, . '01 P . riph rv of the text bu ~ 01 verthele -', p1r' ent in. . h

app aranc of J " ,~.o,~"'.n, ,cOn.pa,(t.,' '1' i'n Ile "n:.· r-: eren es h Civil \I\"aL and (:in the short S,- orv" 01 .D,\-\ ft., '--'01 i ,'~ ) in th , connec ion b ':\~y. n Ga i 11,

- J. '

1" H iMUJ~~ I[l(lul ft'mo~J' i f~ 11J. :rlJ.1f) " 'flid/fS: n~t"Hn; ". "- ul Jl~11 (I ~.Ill ~IUI1J ~/~ It ;'1ifflt'(J U Fil'/~fU' ( Nash,rlll le: '\ ~ ode rbiit U ~live rsi tr Pre "' 19: 9)1 'I ~J. m 2~

'.1

illis

:31"'

T

..... r b.": ·.U'.

. t _ '-' -11:, - in th n.·· J..

~

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lh

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f .a

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'n 1·

inten led ' .. ,--;., rht : c 'r· n iln ,._

, d1.I~

eih

. ~

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~

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m

de .urv's narra ~'V. ,

,

m .1 duro

Caslin, " ..... , :.rtu.1 ~-:-~lIOY'~ , , ! - Pl' ,C~ :ao," , .. ' U,I~~ / .-.

I .Pl~1,:. i~:n HI'; '~UI'~"O-f,iljf1 . 111,f/w ,m,-rir(1.5: J}ufl,i~~ /'10 rt.U:l it" iIi }JIllllt ,(J;'IuJ '!,q.l,~t ' (. h __ rlon ,..

- • ," I ,ri ~ ia.· -,:, -:,L ~ '. S.

couras ~,H (This ju _'!HOI :_ '[ is, DIOm: qualifi d, in an,' "Y'Y ')' Lucas's lu m for

buri: . 3-'Uf'_ bord rine on mental illn '- .aerheend of'<Th •. Fire an.' .tb

Hearth ~ "')

Late ~)I' a s I ] i n k a. bout '_1, overl a Pi be tw =:-1, n .f au ~ kn er pO: leal ()or nialit " race, 3.11.1 oli .: cal I.'CO:OO: ._~'. i ill fln.~, I-a:nI1.'O[ i, scape two l:gu.I'le - 'tha-

rp,' ali3,dj' r '[ rn ''0 my mind: I :~.' .,.R., Jam es, 1111.e- ,- -ro-Carib.' an

fron rinidad, and A orn . -, .," ene rat j ahn -, shcroft. J- ': '., '.ras a ,'.' urtern Pi nil ,. of 11. earliest .ann uu 'rio :i n in tell C' U, : " ,'- at --rolpo .. eo a

dep nd Ij!!Ii'll, ii""''tI',..., 'n.rm cri f;~q- iiiJ~ - I" rf' -,.' "Ili, I ,:,-, I .'['IiI:o·lIm" iii ~':1'l'I", nin~ o . .- the h( m :11 ~'h- ',-, '11"'.- nd

___.l~ l !!!!!I' - "-" '_' ~ I 1 ~ II ~, _' U" 1,-" " _. J.,. _. -, ,II. . lllli I ~. [I - v Ii l ., !Ii. , " ~ ,. ,Ill. " ' ,w, ., I I

hi, cl . sic srudv of the T'OUS'ajn [ c- _f. ··u· . ',: ur revolution ill. alti, Th« .Bla,eN

lac,obi",s,! I .. raids race :al,on,- a continuum that nIEV',(!'[' loses si lu of lbl . Pl- Liai in q u_Jiti.es of the colonial •. 'c\ono;my~ H. ~. nal .... ,.' : multipl] i'- .... or racial, soci . - conomic, and juridical : D,' _~I"t po ltions, h1J .ludina tho of ~d.a'\IiI!;$'j;

Cp, sed - b .11 .. ' ,1.i"'~~,. !u .: ~ -'W'''lIi1 ~t'IO,1 ,', - "sm ,'m ,~, 1""';III"i"!'Ii a" nd I'~'!ll"'il: e- ,: -. nll'nil'_ 11'1 1i1.11

11: .. 11. '. ,I IUS !Ii ~,' IQ.IJ.IL. 'I' ,1;3, H ,W . ,_ iIIJI ill L ~~ . _. !t,!:ill;!U! _ _ .. _ !I!.- I ~ II. ,I u

sim tl ~i 11Ii"~1 FIi '-'0'11 'I.. 0:-:11 ,- t,;i!;ri" - '., '0- tc the . - ~ I' : .' : 'I':' dl~'~ - r I" ~ "'3 '11'1(£ . .. -; .... 'C" 0' " 'on ,;,

,II. !LlAb~ ~.Ji " ~~ l~ •• ~ j'" - • ! ~ - I '. .', , l-ll."" ~ J • I~ '- 1.. III ' . J tI!

nd '-rlO'- ",. '0 communi -' j •• L..

_..:' - , , '. '. ~. ',._ '-- .. ' , '11".' '! ~~,.

'-

. 'p:a,tia), in .. 'q,ualiti e'·. ,a,n " '

:l - < hcrof Ion lb. other b~ md -, is a '.' c i ated : ,01 m,e '~n '1 th C'fi :a' -, . 'In of th ' "il ~ S 'Ill ",. st racll1 ...•. m i-;pl ~ ripher ! ~ ] t, 'm,:lY I. eem 'to us [hal .. rab

, ],1 'ri, ans are .... ··~n,g Is,in,,-_,lr d out 'Diy post- '.' 'poem ',1 T ] 1 Jusu.C', Departm nt irJJ'~ri,athl' ~ (auld 'U. y are ),iet what I am co: .- .' :n-nly noting ls how much 01101"

'" .1\, .. iIl ... L .j - ',- ,- - - ,- .. ' 'Ii ~. • 1

110:- tunate Arans m u .. te 01' e " _ ues ar I, 001 par' ".~ '_0 [ ,0 =- JJI\ g U] 1 .

. ,_ ., ' .1 ,_,orid .. '" - Ican :61 lawsuits, ,go. ,' __ (I, ],eviion 10" 1- radio, a ~CI

0: -; - n iza ~ OIl s, bruYi}cn" academic -.'" andj Q,U ~ nalists ''iAf 1- 0 l\~UI pl '. d. ou c as ; we- can ha - I U -(;0:11- ,-j, d, '-ym path . -' ic __ n, DiD Th· Prac tue: 1 (i . "he r 'i no

eouiv JI nt Ito '~l:at episo ,- of Ti« PI~(J,~~ic; - to ma " e-", . rpath 'DC a Pal" stinian

m 11L,)il3:11 Pi wers, eTh - S 'me ure or 0' DrJW1~'i ' --li~d.'" 'in Rfadi "~~, tiU nlfilli~m Fa IIlIA ""I' - d., ChU:l1 -. . w~,her ( ., 3Jrt D ~,e~glo:: I' re n h ave n ~ 1'99:).

I tLiln the !if' -:i Rg :dt er the S - pl:::_ rnber II an a ,- ~ is, ,AD " '.', I pOp1uW.a r W~ ekly ceurtroo m

.,;I, .-~",~,,.,. • ... ,11 • - ~ ~. -I!I L. Ii::': d fi f:' L ... - I-I

urnma lIltJill'.I1 "Qrt~(#.11,-n ,3 It,O~ ~IC_, epsso ! 1 U~ 'WiR U~ 1 a w_ ~\ ~ I r at tne rearure nrm ace, Ol~la 'es

in n ,~. '[ing lrith . I_ ,mb ma:n mam d IUJ! one ef lie leU nts, ~,LJI~' episod ' to(·IL-ed on di,cal, c h cl_,' ,irlri ua.dh:iOini _ I, a nLorr.nfi}"<U,e'nl ,F', blwl-CUISi ,th:dU had been i mpo~-ed ~i:r.u:r·' tlrrl e a uac L;s"