Distillery Plant

INDEX

SR. TOPIC PAGE

NO NO
1 INTRODUCTION
2 MANFACTURING
PROCESS
3 BIOGAS PRODUCTION
4 R.O PLANT
5 CONCLUSION
6 REFERENCE

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INTRODUCTION

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We student of Bharati vidyapeeth college of engineering

,Kolhapur has visited one of leading distillery companies in
India. The company name

THE KOLHAPUR SUGAR MILLS LTD , DISTILLERY

DIVISION ,Kasaba bawada,kolhapur -416006.

The 295 distilleries in India produce 2.7 billion

litres of alcohol and generating 40 billion litres of wastewater
annually. The enormous distillery wastewater has potential to
produce 1100 million cubic meters of biogas. The population
equivalent of distillery wastewater based on BOD has been
reported to be as high as 6.2 billion which means that
contribution of distillery waste in India to organic pollution is
approximately seven times more than the entire Indian
population. The wastewater from distilleries, major portion
of which is spentwash, is nearly 15 times the total alcohol
production. This massive quantity, approximately 40 billion
litres of effluent, If disposed untreated can cause
considerable stress on the water courses leading to
widespread damage to aquatic life

One of the most important environmental problems

faced by the world is management of wastes. Industrial
processes create a variety of wastewater pollutants; which are
difficult and costly to treat. Wastewater characteristics and
levels of pollutants vary significantly from industry to industry.
Now-a-days emphasis is laid on waste minimization and
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revenue generation through byproduct recovery. Pollution

prevention focuses on preventing the generation of wastes,
while waste minimization refers to reducing the volume or
toxicity of hazardous wastes by water recycling and reuse, and
process modifications and the byproduct recovery as a fall out
of manufacturing process creates ample scope for revenue
generation thereby offsetting the costs substantially.

Production of ethyl alcohol in distilleries based on cane

sugar molasses constitutes a major industry in Asia and South America. The
world’s total production of alcohol from cane molasses is more than13 million
m3/annum. The aqueous distillery effluent stream known as spent wash is a
dark brown highly organic effluent and is approximately 12-15 times by
volume of the product alcohol. It is one of the most complex, troublesome and
strongest organic industrial effluents, having extremely high COD and BOD
values. Because of the high concentration of organic load, distillery spent wash
is a potential source of renewable energy.

Production of ethyl alcohol in distilleries based on cane sugar

molasses constitutes a major industry in India. The world’s total production of
alcohol from cane molasses is more than 13 million m3/annum. The aqueous
distillery effluent stream known as spent wash is a dark brown highly organic
effluent and is approximately 12-15 times by volume of the product alcohol. It
is one of the most complex, troublesome and strongest organic industrial
effluents, having extremely high COD and BOD values. Because of the high

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concentration of organic load, distillery spent wash is a potential source of

renewable energy.

MANUFACTURING
PROCESS

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General Description of the Plant:

Feed is received in a level controlled balance tank and passed backward

through pre-heaters using vapor from preceding effect as heating medium. Pre-
heated feed is then fed to the 1st effect calandria. It is uniformly distributed in
the calandria top so that liquid falls inside the tube area in the form of thin film.
Dry saturated steam/vapor is supplied as heating medium in the jacket which
causes evaporation of water from feed liquid in the calandria. Vapors generated
are separated in 1st vapor separator and passed in the jacket of 2nd calandria as
heating medium. Concentrated product from 1st effect is fed to calandria of 2nd
effect. It then it passes through all the effect to meet its final required
concentration. Product with desired solid content from last effect is taken out.
Vapors from last effect are condensed in surface condenser. All the evaporation

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effects operate under vacuum maintained by vacuum pump/system. The

concentrated product at the desired concentration is continuously taken out
from the plant.

To lower the steam utility consumption, TVR (Thermal Vapor

Recompression) system is used. Part of vapors from intermediate effect is
thermally recompressed by motive steam and mix flow is given in the jacket to
1st effect of evaporator.
Five Effect Falling Film Evaporator with TVR System for 24 m3/h bio-
machinated effluent for concentrating from 4.2% solids to 40% solids. Based
on the Material of construction we offer the evaporator with Two options:

MOC
 All Product Contact Parts Except
Tube: J-4
 Steam/Vapor/Condensate contact
parts-MS
 Calandria tubes – SS 304
 Pumps contact parts – SS 304

& C Mixing of Concentrate at 40% solids from evaporator with Bagasse and
dry it in the rotary dryer to get dried Bagasse mix as fuel to boiler at 15%
moisture.
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The feed characteristics considered are:

• Total Solids in feed effluent –4.2%

• pH – 7.0 -7.5

• Suspended Solids <500 PPM

• Specific gravity = 1.01

Please note that in our evaporation system the feed should be free from
suspended solids. For separation of suspended solids please keep provision of
settling tank/clarifier/decanter.

The effluent powder generated by drying the concentrate+Bagasse mix

would have Calorific Value approx. 2500- 2800kcal/kg and can be used as a
fuel for burning into boiler for generation of steam/energy.

Material and Energy balance chart :

Bio-Methanated effluent

Operation : 20 hrs/Day

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT FOR RO REJECT OF

BIO-METHANATED EFFLUENT FOR
480 m3/day CAPACITY ( 24 m3/h), Sp Gr=1.01

A. EVAPORATOR FOR EFFLUENT CONCENTRATION

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Dry saturated Steam
Feed effluent, 24,240 kg/h at 4.2% TS
At 9 kg/cm2-g (24Effect
Five m3/h)Falling
Film Water Evaporation
A
Concentrate 2545 kg/h
Evaporating at 40% TS
System 21,695 kg/h
Distillery Plant

B. ROTARY DRYER FOR DRYING CONCENTRATE +BAGASSE MIX

Concentrate Mixing with Bagasse

B
Concentrate from
Bagasse Mixing in Twin Evaporator
Blender
2545 kg/h at 50% 2545 kg/h at 40%
moisture solids
Concentrate +Bagasse Mix
5090kg/h at 45.0% TS

C
Hot air
Water evaporation
2395 kg/h

Mixed Bagasse fired

Dried mix
hot air generator 2695 kg/h
at 15% moisture
1000 kg/h Mixed
Bagasse Fuel

1695 kg/h
To be used as Fuel for boiler

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND OPERATING PARAMETERS

FOR
EVAPORATOR

A) EQUIPMENT EVAPORATOR
FIVE EFFECT FALLING FILM EVAPORATOR
TYPE WITH THERMAL VAPOUR RECOMPRESSION
(TVR) SYSTEM
CAPACITY 21,695 kg/h WATER EVAPORATION

OPERATING Unit
PARAMETERS
FEED RATE (kg/h) 24,240
O
FEED TEMPERATURE C Pl. Specify
INITIAL SOLIDS (%) 4.2
TOTAL SUSPENDED
< 500 PPM
SOLIDS
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF
1.01
FEED
SOLIDS IN
(%) 40
CONCENTRATE
CONCENTRATE OUTPUT (kg/h) 2545
WATER EVAPORATION (kg/h) 21,695
SERVICES/UTILITIES
REQUIRED

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DRY SATURATED STEAM

REQUIREMENT AT 9 (kg/h) 3100

kg/cm2-g
COOLING WATER
CIRCULATION (m3/h) 217

RATE AT 30°C
POWER INSTALLED (kW) 80
POWER CONSUMED (kW) 50
COMPRESSED AIR
REQUIREMENT (Nm3/h) 7

AT 6 kg/cm2-g PRESSURE
COOLING WATER INLET
(°C) 30 – 32
TEMP.
COOLING WATER
(°C) 38 – 40
OUTLET TEMP.
TOLERANCE:

ALL PERFORMANCE FIGURE WITHIN ± 5%

ALL CONSUMPTION FIGURE WITHIN ± 10%

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B&C. ROTARY DRYER FOR DRYING CONCENTRATE +BAGASSE

MIX

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND OPERATING PARAMETERS

FOR

ROTARY DRYER

OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR ROTARY DRYER

EQUIPMENT : ROTARY DRYER

QUANTITY : 1 SET

PRODUCT : CONCENTRATE + BAGASSE MIX

OPERATING PARAMETERS

FEED RATE ( FEED MIX) (kg/h) 5090 kg/h

(2545 kg/h concentrate

@40%TS + 2545 kg/h
Bagasse @ 50% moisture)

FEED SOLID (%) 45

FINAL MOISTURE IN PRODUCT (%) 15

WATER EVAPORATION RATE (kg/h) 2395

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PRODUCT OUTPUT (DRIED) (kg/h) 2695

HOT AIR INLET TEMPERATURE (oC) 300-350

HOT AIR OUTLET TEMPERATURE (oC) 90-100

UTILITY REQUIREMENT:

POWER INSTALLED (kW) 135

POWER CONSUMED (kW) 90

MIXED FUEL

(DRIED BAGASSE+CONCENTRATE MIX)

FIRED HOT AIR GENERATOR (kg/h) 1000

TOLERANCE:

ALL PERFORMANCE FIGURE WITHIN ± 5 %

ALL CONSUMPTION FIGURE WITHIN ± 10%

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Distillery Plant

DISTILLERY WASTEWATER UTILISATION IN

AGRICULTURE

Being very rich in organic matters, the utilisation of distillery effluents in

agricultural fields creates organic fertilization in the soil which raises the pH of
the soil, increases availability of certain nutrients and capability to retain water
and also improves the physical structure of soil. Mostly the distillery
wastewaters are used for pre-sowing irrigation. The post-harvest fields are
filled with distillery effluents. After 15-20 days, when the surface is almost
dried, the fields are tilled and the crops are sown and subsequent irrigation is
given with fresh water. However, the effluent is diluted 2-3 times before
application on crops. Apparently, the irrigation with distillery wastewater
seems to be an attractive agricultural practice which not only augments crop
yield but also provides a plausible solution for the land disposal of the
effluents. One cubic metre of methanated effluent contains nearly 5 kg of
potassium, 300 grams of nitrogen and 20 grams of phosphorus. If one
centimetre of post methanation effluent is applied on one hectare of agricultural
land annually, it will yield nearly 600 kg of potassium, 360 kg of calcium, 100
kg of sulphates, 28 kg of nitrogen and 2 kg of phosphates. The distillery
effluent contains 0.6 to 21.5 percent potash as KO, 0.1 to 1.0 percent
phosphorus as PO and 0.01 to 1.5 percent Nitrogen as N2. The irrigational and
manorial potential of distillery wastewaters is given below:

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i) Total Volume available in Million m3/annum : 6.87

ii) Nutrients Contribution Potential (tonnes/annum) :

N - 69380

PO - 11335

KO - 27480

We have provided Bio-Tower followed by Extended type aeration

1.BIOTOWER- Aerobic Packed Tower stabilization.

This is modified version of contact stabilization and specialized culture is

periodically added to the system. The system consists of following units.

We have achieved 55 to 60 % of BOD reduction through Bio-Tower.

2.AERATION SYSTEM- Activated sludge process

The spent wash is finally treated in on ASP systems consists of following units.

a) Conventional Aeration Tank-

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b) 25 meter 25 meter 3.5 meter

c) Geomiller make Aerators- 20 HP 4 Nos.

d) Clarifier- 7 meter Dia 3 meter SWD

Extended Aeration Tank- 25 meter 13 meter 3.5 meter

Geomiller make Aerators- 20 HP 2 Nos.

Clarifier- 8 meter Dia 3 meter SWD

MLSS is maintained at a high concentration of about 4000 mg/lit and the

final treated effluent having BOD in the order of 250 to 300 mg/lit, with
required fresh water dilution will be supplied for ferti-irrigation. We are having
agreements of farmers with their khassa no, area, for taking treated spent-wash
for ferti-irrigation. We are having separate arrangement for mixing of finally
treated spent with fresh water, if required to achieve the MPCB norm and
separate underground pipelines are laid-down for carrying this treated spent
wash to the farms. We are having about 250.08 Acers of land for fertiirrigation
and we are planning to have agreement with Maharashtra State Farming
Corporation for about 35 Acers of additional land for fertiirrigation and we are
supplying this treated spent wash for ferti-irrigation free of cost to the farmers
and up-to their farms.

ECONOMICAL ASPECTS

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When the distillery effluents are used for irrigation in fallow lands, the
microbes present in it transform the lands into fertile ones, giving high yields of
paddy and sugarcane. Farmers could save nitrogenous fertilisers worth Rs 1335
crores per annum if at least 200 distilleries of out country recycled their wastes
to the agricultural fields. However, it is predicted that the utilisation of
distillery effluent for irrigation of land would make avail-able nitrogen,
phosphorous and potash valued at about Rs 500 crores each year. The added
advantage of this application would be that these fertilisers would be available
to soil in organic

form. As the secondary and tertiary systems for the treatment of distillery
effluent are highly energy intensive and according to the estimates of the Union
Ministry of Energy a total connected load of 200 M.W. would be required to
energising these systems if 246 distilleries endeavour to reduce the BOD level
of effluent to the extent possible. The generation of the desired energy would
need an installed load of 350 M.W. which would require capital investment of
the order of about Rs 1400 crores. So it will be an attractive practice to utilise
the distillery effluents for ferti-irrigation of land after primary treatment, as
land is available in abundance around the distilleries which are located in the
sugarcane belts.

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Distillery Plant

BIOGAS
PRODUCTION
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III.BIOGAS AS A PRIMARY TREATMENT

The wastewaters generated during the distillery and brewery operations

contain high organic loads. It has a BOD from 30,000 to 60,000 mg/1. So due
to this high organic contents, the wastewaters can be subjected to treatment for
the production of biogas, composting, aquaculture and potash recovery.

A. PROCESS DESCRIPTION- SULZER TECHNOLOGY

The effluent from the distillery unit is received into a receiving tank (one
day holding capacity), where it is allowed to settle for 48 hours. Suspended
solids settled in this tank can be removed from time to time and clear effluent is
pumped to Bio-digester. The effluent after getting mixed with recycled biomass
from Lamella Clarifier to maintain a feed temperature of 36-38oC is fed to the
digester. The feed rate is controlled by a manual control valve and a flow meter
provided in the feed line and the sludge recycling line.

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For the production of biogas from distillery effluent, anaerobic

biomethanation of the effluent is adopted, generally. High rate anaerobic
technologies are utilized for biogas generation. Fluidised Bed Reactors and Up
flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors are mostly utilized for the
production of biogas from the effluents. Some of the biogas production
processes being commercial1y established in India at present are:-

 BIOTHANE PROCESS: This process uses the UASB reactor for the
production of biogas. This is a stable and automatic process with low
operational costs.

 BIOBED PROCESS: It is similar to Bio thane process. It uses UFB

reactors. It needs less installation area and its construction cost is lower
compared to any other system.

 BIOPAQ PROCESS: In this process anaerobic bacteria are used to treat

the distillery effluents for the production of biogas. UASB process is
utilized here. The separated sludge in this process makes excellent
manure. The generated biogas is used to produce steam for the
distillation of alcohol and thus it replaces 50-60% of the total required
energy in the process of distillation. For a plant having 40-45,000 kg
COD/day 75-80% of COD can be reduced and nearly Rs. 25.50 lakhs
can be saved annually for a distillery having 300 working days in a year.
The generated biogas from UASB reactor of BioPaq process can be
collected and be used as a fuel in gas/dual engine. Through suitable
coupling the engine can be coupled with the A/C generator for
generation of electricity from biogas. For a 45 klpd distillery 11 KV of
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power is generated which is then utilized in the distillery thus cutting

down the power consumption.

 SULZER' S PROCESS: The technology of this type of biogas plant is

provided by Sulzer Brothers Limited, Switzerland. It is specifically made
for Indian conditions. A biogas plant at the distillery of Kolhapur Sugar
Mills, Kasba Bavda,Kolhapur , Maharashtra is based on Sulzer's
technology. The capacity of this distillery is 6,000 lpd which generates
900 m3 of spent wash per day. The biogas production is in the range of
16,550 to 21,870 m3 per day. The savings in the cost of fuel is in the
range of Rs. 312 lakhs to Rs. 652 lakhs per year.

SPENT WASH PRODUCED AFTER BIOGAS PRODUCTION:

Spent wash volume received daily from biogas plant-( 50% reject from RO
plant of 240 m3 capacity +240 m3

Of Biodigester outlet:-360 m3/day.

Surface composting

Composting cycle spraying period and curing period

1.Spraying- 22 days.

2.Curing-28 days.

Total area of composting

a) For spent wash storage- 1 acre.

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b) Compost yard- 15 acres.

c) Storage of compost- 10 acres.

d) Area of leach ate collection drain- 0.50 acres.

e) Area of green belt- 14.75 acres.
f) Storage of press mud- 5 acres.
TOTAL AREA- 46.25 ACRES.

Number of composting cycles followed in a year- Four.

The press-mud used in one compost cycle- 4000-4500

M.T.

The ratio of spent wash to press-mud being obtained- 1:2.5

Problem with aerotiller- N.A.

Treatment for balance spent wash if needed- Trickling filter

followed by Two
stage Aeration
followed by ferti-
irrigation.

ECONOMICS OF BIOEARTH COMPOSTING

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Capacity of the Distillery 50 KLPD

Number of working days in a year In the Distillery 300

In the Composting Plant 275

Generated spentwash 350 KLPD (Biostil

Plant)

Solid content in spentwash 17 %

Spentwash to Press mud Ratio 2.5 KL : 1 MT

Man Power Required 50

Culture Requirement 31.5 MT/annum

Press mud requirement 43,000 MT/ annum

Cost of Culture Rs 1.75 lakhs per MT

Cost of Press mud Rs 12 per MT

Man Power cost Rs 50 per day

Capital Cost Rs 175 lakhs (excluding

land)

Land Requirement 25 acres

Bio Earth Production 38,000 MT per year

Annual Maintenance Costs 1.5 % of equipment

costs
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% Costs of Funds 20 % per annum

OPERATION COSTS

Cost of Culture 55.13 lakhs

Average Cost of Funds 17.5 lakhs

Cost of Diesel 11.32 lakhs

Further leached with water to dissolve the potassium salts. Then it is

neutralized with sulphuric acid and is evaporated. The potassium salts are
crystallized in a crystal1izer. The crystallized mixed potassium salt contains
73.5% of potassium sulphate (K2SO4) 16.5% potassium chloride (KCl) and
5% of sodium salts. It is estimated that a distillery discharging about 300 m3
of spent wash per day could recover 3 tonnes of Potassium as Potassium oxide
or about 5.34 tonnes of Potassium sulphate and 1.2 tonnes of Potassium
chloride per day. This potassium is used as a fertilizer.

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B.V.C.O.E.K. REVERSE
OSMOSIS PLANT
Distillery Plant

Reverse Osmosis Process

INTRODUCTION

Membrane systems have' been used for a number of years in a wide

variety of applications. The vast majority of these uses have been of laboratory
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scale, although large industrial applications exist. One of the primary uses of
membrane systems is the desalination of seawater and brackish water. Other
more difficult process stream have often been left to other technologies.

The lack of industrial applications is mainly due to the membrane

holding systems. Conventional membrane systems are spiral-wound, hollow
fine fiber, or tubular modules. Spiral Wound and hollow fine fiber modules
require very high levels of pretreatment to prevent fouling and scaling, while
the tubular module is too expensive for most applications. A recent develop-
ment in membrane carrier systems, the Rochem Disc Tube (disc tube)
overcomes the problems of previous modules. With the disc tube module,
membrane processing of a multitude of industrial streams is now feasible.
The application of the disc tube technology to a number of different
industrial water treatment and waste streams. The economics and the removal
efficiencies of the disc tube will show how a wastewater was reclaimed for
reuse, instead of being discharged or disposed off.

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Type: ROB100 PT40 - 240W

General layout Drawing No. : RO / 12B9 / 011 / 03

Pipe & Instrument Diagram Drawing No. : RO / 1289 / 021 / 00

Elecrtical Drawing No. : RO / 1289 / 031 / 00

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Distillery Plant

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

RAW WATER

1. Feed water input M3/hr : 10.90

2. Operation pressure range bar : 45-65
.3. Operation pressure max bar : 65
4. Raw water temperature nominal C : 38-42
5. pH -- 6.8-7.2
6. Total Suspended Solids ppm : 2000 max.·
7. Total Dissolved Solids
(Inorganic) mg/ltr : 21,000max
8. Conductivity feed J-ls/cm : 29,400max
9. Total Hardness as CaC03 mg/ltr : 1400 max
10. Calcium Hardness as CaC03 mg/ltr : 800 max
11. Magnesium Hardness as CaC03 mg/ltr : 600 max
12. M-alkalinity as CaC03 mg/ltr : 2000 max
13. P- Alkalinity as CaC03 mglltr : Nil
14. Chlorides as CI mg/ltr : 9000
15. Sulphates as So 4 mg/ltr : 500 max
16. Iron as Fe_ mg/ltr : 0.5max
17. Oil & Grease mg/ltr : <10
18. Free chlorine mg/ltr : Nil
19. Total Silica as Si02 mg/ltr : 30max
20. Fluoride mg/ltr : 0.5max
21. COD mg/ltr : 30,000 max
22. BOD mg/ltr : 8,000 max

NOTE: Other trace metals such as Barium, Strontiumetc assumed to be Nil.

Any change in parameters exceeds the above designed values the

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Recovery of permeate will be affected

LUBRICANTS. RO CLEANERS & PRESERVATIVES USED:

(1) Crank Case Oil :Multi Viscosity Premium

Grade
(2) Membrane Cleaner 11 : Rochem Make
(3) Membrane Cleaner 22 : Rochem Make
(4) Membrane Cleaner 33 : Rochem Make
(5) Membrane Solution 44 : Rochem Make

NITROGEN GAS REQUIREMENT:

Nitrogen Gas is used for charging the Pulsation Damper to 30

Bar

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT DANGEROUS

CONDITIONS:
(1) Inspect the HP Hoses for any cracks or damages which will lead
to leakages.
(2) The belt guard cover & Control Panel cover is always secured
properly.
(3) No loose wiring to the RO Plant.
(4) Do not run without the Pulsation Damper & Relief Valve in the
Pump Discharge line.
(5) Relief port of the Relief Valve blocked.
(6) Manually operating the Electrical Contacts of the electrical motor.
(7) Operating with covers of motorized control valves in open
condition.
(8) Undertaking maintenance of RO Plant under pressurized
conditions.
(9) Operating the Plant without draining the Cleaners other
Preservative from the RO Plant.
(10) When operating this equipment, certain parts are electrified.
Ignorance ofthe operating procedure can cause death, injury or
material damage.
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Distillery Plant

(11) Repair and Maintenance must be done by appropriately qualified

persons only.
(12) Protection, such as pulley I belt guards, may be removed only
for maintenance or repair and must be re-installed immediately after
any such repair or maintenance has been completed.

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & SPECIFICATION-' :

The system is built in modular welded steel profile skid frames for easy
installations which helps in economical operation and service. The modular
unit design simplifies the installation and enables flexible use of limited floor
space. All material is free of defects. The equipment is fabricated with the
highest standard of engineering, design and workmanship.

Following components are installed in a standard system.:

1. Triplex Plunger Pump
2. Pulsation Damper
3. Electric motor with belt drive.
4. Control Panel
5. Measuring Equipments/ Instrument
6. Filter Pump
7. Sand Filters
8. Cartridge Filter
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9. Inline Booster Pumps

10. High Pressure Servo Motor Control Valve
11. Diverter Valves
12. Cleaning System Degasser
13. DT Modules with high pressure feed and brine.
14. Dosing System
15. Pure water transfer pump.

Low Pressure Pipes:

The low pressure valves and piping system is corrosion proof and
fabricated of PVC, Flexible Rubber Hoses with a maximum pressure stage of
10 Bar and Permeate Piping PU - 9, with a maximum pressure stage of 06 bar.

High Pressure Pipes :

The high pressure piping and fittings are fabricated of special steel,
r~inf0t~'hJgb pressure flexible rubber hoses which are braided with special
stainless steel wire with highest standards of corrosion resistance suitable for
operation in effluent water\ with a high salt content. The nominal DIN pressure
stage is P = 65 bar.

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CONCLUSION
Distillery Plant

Conclusion

A) Total Investment in DISTILLERY Plant is about Rs. 275 Lakhs.

Design Parameters
a. Distillery Capacity: 60000 LPD
b. Effluent Flow 525 m3/day
c. BOD 37000-42000 mg/lit
d. COD 80000-100000 mg/lit
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e. pH 3.5-5
B) Primary Effluent Treatment – Bio-gas Plant
The biogas plant is currently yielding the following results:

Effluent Flow 525 m3/day

BOD 4800-5000 mg/lit

COD 28000 – 30000 mg/lit

pH 7-7.5

C) Secondary Effluent Treatment Plant: Bio-filter followed by Two stage

Aeration
The secondary ETP currently is yielding the following results

Effluent Flow 525 m3/day

BOD 150-200 mg/lit

pH 7-7.5

D) Treated effluent if required is diluted with fresh water to achieve MPCB

norms and applied on land for ferti-irrigation. The area available now is
about 158 acres and about 70 acres will be made available shortly.
E) Recently we have started Bio-composting using effluent coming out
from
Biodigester and press mud collected from Sugar factories to achieve zero
discharge.

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REFERENCE
1.THE KOLHAPUR SUGAR MILLS, DISTILLERY
DIVISION ,KASABA BAWADA ,KOLHAPUR
2. WEBSITES: www.wikipedia.com

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