GSM Radio Network Planning

Introduction
1. Radio Network Planning Introduction

1.1.Make sure the amount of sites and corresponding site location in planning
area

1.2. Make sure cell parameter: Antenna Type, Height, Direction

(Azimuth) ,Down tilt and efficiency radiate power and so on

1.3.Make sure the TRX number of cell configuration

1.4.Make sure frequency configuration

1.5.Make sure radio resource parameter

2. Procedures of radio network planning and Optimization procedures

of radio network planning

2.1.Detailed procedures of radio network planning

2.1.1. Information Gathering and requirement analysis

2.1.2. Propagation model testing and emendation

2.1.3. Capacity Planning

2.1.4. Site Survey

2.1.5. Coverage Planning and cell design

2.1.6. Frequency Planning

2.1.7. Network planning emulation

 2.1.8. Network parameter planning

2.1.9. Planning report writing and checking

2.1.10. Information Gathering

2.1.11. requirement analysis

2.1.12. propagation model testing and emendation

2.1.13. Coverage Prediction

2.1.14. BTS Site Layout

2.1.15. Site Survey

2.1.16. Coverage Planning using software

Site location data

overlay and planning report

antenna input power

antenna orientation data

方向图数据
antenna height network planning software

antenna downtile

antenna azimuth
parameter adjust
propagation model

Electromagnetism power requirement

up and down link balanceable parameter

参数
2.2.Frequency duplication
digital electronic map technology
2.2.1. Standard grouping

2.2.2. Max Reuse Pattern (7x3, 4x3, 3x3 etc)

2.2.3. Multilayer technology

2.2.4. Concentric round technology

2.3.Anti-jamming measure

2.3.1. Frequency hopping (two type hopping mode: 1x3 & 1x1)

2.3.2. Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)

2.3.3. Dynamic power control (DPC)

2.3.4. Combining technique

 2.4.Interference analysis

2.4.1. Definition of Interference of Co-frequency & Interference of Adjacent

Frequency

2.4.2. co-channel interference protection rate C/I≥9dB

2.4.3. adjacent channel interference protection rate C/A ≥－9dB

2.4.4. 4x3 frequency reuse model

2.4.4.1. C/I = 18dB >> 12dB.

2.4.5. 3x3 frequency reuse model

2.4.5.1. C/I = 13.3dB >12 dB [Comparatively not good than 4x3

model]

4 x 3 frequency reuse 3 x 3 frequency reuse

pattern pattern

A1 A1
A1

A2 A3 D1 A2 A3 C1 A2 A3 C1

A1 B1 D2 D3 A1 B1 C2 C3 B1 C2 C3

A2 A3 D1 B2 B3 C1 A2 A3 D1
A1 B2 B3 A1 B2 B3 A1
B1 D2 D3 A1 C2 C3 B1 D2 D3
A2 A3 C1 A2 A3 C1 A2 A3 C1
B2 B3 C1 A2 A3 D1 B2 B3 C1
B1 C2 C3 B1 C2 C3 B1 C2 C3
A1 C2 C3 B1 D2 D3 A1 C2 C3

B2 B3 A1 B2 B3 A1 B2 B3 A1
A2 A3 D1 B2 B3 C1 A2 A3 D1

B1 D2 D3 A1 C2 C3 B1 D2 D3 A2 A3 C1 A2 A3 C1 A2 A3

2.5.Cases of Radio Network Planning

2.5.1. Case of capacity layout

2.5.1.1. For example a city require coverage area is 150sq km, and require
capacity is 2.5k Erlang, GOS=2%, average traffic

2.5.1.2. Given condition is 0.025 Erlang per user and useable frequency of
GSM900 is 6.2MHZ. This is operator defined parameter.

2.5.1.3. With usable bandwidth is 6.2MHZ, usable ARFCN is 31 (formula:

6.2M/200K = 31), BCCH adopt 4*3 reuse pattern.

2.5.1.4. Duplication. TCH adopt 1*3 hopping, hopping burthen is 50%, keep
a frequency between BCCH and TCH for isolation, so the maximum site type is
S444

2.5.1.4.1. Total BCCH ARFCN required for 4x3 frequency pattern =12.

2.5.1.4.2. ARFCN left 31 - 12 = 19

2.5.1.4.3. One ARFCN must be separated for guard band in between BCCH
and TCH. Therefore remaining ARFCN for TCH = 19 -1 = 18.

2.5.1.4.4. Now ARFCN remaining per cell is 18/3 = 6.

2.5.1.4.5. With 50% hopping load 6 ARFCN can handle 3 TRX. Note: with 1x3
hoping mode max hopping load supported is 50%. If the hopping load exceeds
50% then network quality will degrade. Network with hopping load less than 50%
can also be designed.

2.5.1.4.6. Therefore the max site configuration is 1 + 3 = 4 [1BCCH + 3 TCH

= 4 Carrier]. That is S444 configuration.

2.5.1.4.7. With above site configuration, there are 32 channels (Time Slots) in
every cell, 1 BCCH channel, 2 SDCCH channels, and 29 TCH channels is
configured in general.

2.5.1.4.8. GOS=2%, checking Erlang B to get every cell traffic is 21.04Erl and
users is 21.04/0.025=841, so a single site could contain 841*3=2523 users per
site.

2.5.1.4.9. Minimum sites: 2500/0.025/2523=40, it indicates if all sites’

configuration is S444, at least 40 sites can meet 2500Erl.

2.6.Base Station Identity Code planning (BSIC)

2.6.1. BSIC = NCC + BCC

2.6.1.1. NCC = network color code [Decimal value range 0-7]

2.6.1.2. BCC = Base Station color code [Decimal value range 0-7]

2.6.2. BSIC should be planned in a such a way that the base station with
same BCCH and BSIC should be far away at least such BTS should not
be in neighbor or in interference area. Because BSIC is the parameter
through which BSC distinguish the BTS with same BCCH.

2.7.Hopping Sequence Number planning (HSN)

2.7.1. HSN is radio parameter especially for frequency hopping. Its

decimal value range is 0 to 64. Where HSN “0” mean frequency
hopping in cycle mode. For hopping mode HSN from 1 – 64 is
assigned in such a fashion that the repetition of same HSN in
neighbor sites are avoided. However it could be same for GSM900 or
DCS1800.

2.7.2. When planning HSN, there are two ways of planning

2.7.2.1. Assign same HSN for all three sectors. In this case the MAIO
(mobile allocation index offset) should be different for each cells
of one BTS.

2.7.2.2. Assign different HSN for all three sectors. In this case the
MAIO must be same.

2.7.2.3. Among these two strategies first one is preferred. Because

the probability collision of MA is less in first strategy.
 sect BCC HSN MAI MA MA MA MA MA MA
or H O 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 F20 HSN 0,2, F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6

1 4

2 F21 HSN 0,2, F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12

1 4

3 F22 HSN 0,2, F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18

1 4

One way of planning HSN, MAIO, MA for Hopping

sect BCC HSN MAI MA MA MA MA MA MA

or H O 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 F20 HSN 0,2, F1 F4 F7 F10 F13 F16

1 4

2 F21 HSN 1,3, F2 F5 F8 F11 F14 F17

Channel Distribution Strategy

traffic/
Carri Control Surplus TCH PDCH TCH TCH
er channel SDCCH channel channel user cell channel ERL user

1 8 SDCCH/4 1 7 117 2.0592 1 2.28 91

1 8 SDCCH/8 2 6 91 1.6016 1 1.66 66

2 16 SDCCH/8 2 14 327 5.7552 1 7.4 296

3 24 SDCCH/8 2 22 595 10.472 2 13.18 527

4 32 2*SDCCH/8 3 29 841 14.8016 2 19.27 770

5 40 2*SDCCH/8 3 37 1130 19.888 3 25.53 1021

6 48 2*SDCCH/8 3 45 1424 25.0624 4 31.92 1276

7 56 3*SDCCH/8 4 52 1685 29.656 4 38.39 1535

8 64 3*SDCCH/8 4 60 1985 34.936 4 45.87 1834

• GSM900

o Uplink 890 ∼ 915 MHz

o Downlink 935 ∼ 960 MHz

o Duplex separation is 45MHz ， carrier

frequency separation is 200 KHz

• EGSM

o Uplink 880 ∼ 890 MHz

o Downlink 935 ∼ 935 MHz

o Duplex separation is 45MHz ， carrier

frequency separation is 200 KHz

• DCS1800

o Uplink 1710 ∼ 1785 MHz

o Downlink 1805 ∼ 1880 MHz

o Duplex separation is 95MHz， carrier

frequency separation is 200 KHz

• P-GSM900

o Fl (n) = 890 + 0.2× n MHz

o Fu (n) = Fl(n) + 45 MHz 1≤ n≤

124

o n stands for ARFCN

• E-GSM900

o Fl (n) = 890 + 0.2× (n-1024) 975 ≤

n ≤ 1023

o Fu (n) = Fl(n) + 45 MHz 0≤ n≤

124

• DCS1800

o Fl (n) = 1710.2 + 0.2× (n-512) MHz