Imem-hØ amähpw

Irjnbpw

am\-h-cm-in-bpsS \ne-\n¸n\v Irjn Hgn-hm-¡m³ Ign-bm¯

H¶m-Wv. a\p-jy³ kaq-l-ambn Pohn-¡-W-sa-¦n Irjn IqSnsb Xocq.
\mtSm-Sn-bmbn \qäm-p-IÄ th«-bm-Sepw , `£y tiJ-cW-hp-ambn \S¶
a\p-jy³ \mtSm-Sn-Pohn-X-¯n\v hncm-a-an«v Hcn-S¯v Xs¶ Iq«-
ambn Xma-kn-¡m³ XpS-§n-bXv Irjn-bpsS Bcw-`-t¯m-sS-bm-bn-cp-
¶p.
kv{XoI-fmWv Irjn¡v XpS¡w Ipdn-¨Xv . Imem-´-c-¯n Irjn
em`-I-c-hpw {]tbm-P\ {]Zhpam-sW¶ AhØ kwPm-X-am-b-t¸mÄ Irjn
kv{XoI-fn \n¶v ]pcp-j³ ]nSn-s¨-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. AtXmsS
kv{XoIÄ Iqen e`n-¡p-¶Xpw , Iqen e`n-¡m-¯-Xp-amb IÀjI sXmfn-
em-fn F¶ \ne-bn-te¡v Xcw Xmgv¯-s¸«p.
A\p-Iq-e-amb Imem-h-Ø-bn Irjn Xg¨p hfÀ¶p . kz´w `£y
Bhiyw t\cn-Sm³ ]Wn-bm-bp-[-§Ä ssIt¿-´nb a\p-jy³ , hnfhv hÀ²n-¨-
tXmsS ImÀjnI DXv]-¶-§Ä hn¡m³ XpS-§n. {]mtZin-I-ambn Bcw-
`n¨ hn¸\ ,tZ-io-bhpw , ]n¶oSv A´ÀtZin-b-hp-am-bn. F¶m Irjn¡v
A\p-Iqeamb Imem-hØ a\pjy \nÀ½n-X-amb Imc-W-¯m Xs¶ Imew
hf-sc-tbsd sNÃpw ap¼v Irjnsb tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-¡m³ XpS-§n.
Imem-hØ amäw Irjn-bpsS A´-Isâ A¦n-b-Wnªp XpS-§n. Irjn \jvS-¯n-
em-Im\pw , \nc-h[n IÀj-IÀ Irjn Hgn-hm¡n aäv sXmgn-ep-I-fn-te¡v
Xncn-bm\pw XpS-§n. Imem-hØ amäw C¶pw Hcp XpSÀ¡-Y-bmbn
XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.
Imem-hØ amäw
Imem-hØ amäw C¶v temIw apgp-h³ kPo-h-ambn NÀ¨ sN¿-s¸-
Sp¶ hnj-b-am-Wv. tZiob Xe-¯nepw , A´ÀtZ-iob Xe-¯nepw Imem-
hØ amäs¯ F§ns\ t\cnSmw F¶-Xns\ Ipdn¨v sImp ]nSn¨ NÀ¨-Ifpw , ]
T-\-§fpw \S-¡p-¶pv. Ime-hØ amäw F¶p tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ ]e Imcy-§fpw
IÀj-Isâ a\-knte¡v HmSn-sb-¯pw.
 AXn-i-à-amb ag
 \o- Imes¯ ag
 shÅ-s¸m¡w
 ag-¡p-dhv
 a®nse Pemw-i-¡q-Sp-XÂ
 a®nse Pemw-i-¡q-dhv
 ISp¯ th\Â
 hcĨ
 I\¯ aªp hogvN
 ià-amb Imäv
Imem-hØ amäw F§ns\ Dm-Ip-¶p.
`qan-bnse NqSv Pohs\ \ne-\nÀ¯m³ X¡-hn-[-¯n-emWv {]IrXn
{IaoIcn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. kpcy Inc-W-§-fn \n¶v e`n-¡p¶ NqSn Bh-iy-
ap-ÅXv am{Xw `qan-bn \nÀ¯n _m¡n _ln-cm-Im-i-¯n-te¡v ]qdw
XÅp¶ {]{Io-b-bn-eq-sS-bmWv CXv km[y-am-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶mÂ
ImÀ_¬ Utbm-IvsskUv , anssX³, ss\{Skv HmIvsskUv XpS-§nb lcnX
{]`mh hmX-I-§Ä _ln-cm-Im-i-¯n-te¡v t]mIp¶ NqSns\ hen-s¨-Sp¯v
Hcp hnXm\w t]mse BIp-¶-tXmsS `pan¡v taepÅ NqSv kmh-[m\w
hÀ²n-¡m³ XpS§pw . lcnX {]`mh hmX-I-§fpsS Afhv A´-co-£-¯nÂ
IqSp-¶-tXmsS A´-co-£-¯nse NqSpw hÀ²n-¡pw.
hÀ²n-¡p-¶ A´-co-£- Xm]w Imem-hØ {Ia-¯n CS-s]-Sm³ XpS-
§p¶tXmsS Imem-hØ {Ia-¯nsâ Xmfw sXäpw . AtXmsS Imem-h-Ø-
bn sNdnb tXmXnepw , ]n¶oSv Bi-¦m-P-\-I-amb hn[-¯nepw amä-
ap-mbn XpS-§pw. lcnX {]`mh hmX-I-§Ä IqSp-X-embn DXv]m-Zn-
¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ GXv cmPy-¯n-em-bmepw AXp-ap-e-ap-m-Ip¶ Imem-hØ
amäw B cmPy¯v am{Xw HXp§n \n¡n-Ã. AXv temI-¯nse FÃm
cmPy-§-sfbpw Xs¶ tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-¡pw. Nne Gä-¡p-d-¨n-ep-IÄ
Dm-Ip-sa¶v am{Xw.
BtKmf Xm]-\-¯n-sâbpw Imem-hØ amä-¯n-sâbpw ^e-§Ä Fs´-Ãm-
amWv ?
BtKmf Xm]-\-w hfsc hn\m-i-I-c-amb ^e-§-fmWv Dm-¡pI. kakvX
taJ-e-I-sfbpw BtKmf Xm]-\-¯nsâ Xnà ^e-§Ä _m[n-¡pw.
 `£Ww
 shÅw
 hmk-Øew
 BtcmKyw
 DuÀPw
 KXm-KXw
 hyh-kmbw
XpS-§nb FÃm taJ-e-I-fnepw BtKmf Xm]-\-w hn]-¯n-sâbpw hn\m-i-
¯n-sâbpw hn¯v hnX-bv¡pw.
 aªp ae-IÄ DcpIn kap{Z \nc¸v DbÀ¶v Xoc-{]-tZ-i-§Ä shÅ-
¯n-\-Sn-bn-emIpw
 shÅs¸m¡-¯nsâ F®w hÀ²n¡pw
 sImSp-¦m-änsâ F®hpw , thK-Xbpw IqSpw
 hcĨ hÀ²n¡pw
 ag Nne-bn-S-§-fn hÀ²n¡pw
 ag Nne-bn-S-§-fn Ipdbpw
Imem-hØ amäs¯ Ipdn¨v ]T\w \S-¯p-¶-hÀ Imem-hØ amäw aqew D-
m-Im³ t]mIp¶ hn]-¯p-Isf Ipdn¨v \ÂIp¶ ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-IÄ Gsd `bm-
P-\-I-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v 2050 þHmsS e£-Zzo]v kaq-l-§Ä ]
qÀW-ambpw kap{Zw hngp-§p-sa-¶mWv AhÀ \ÂIp¶ ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-
I-fn-sem-¶v.
`mc-Xhpw Imem-hØ amähpw
`mc-¯nsâ `£y-kp-c£ Irjnsb B{i-bn-¨m-Wn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Irjn
B{i-bn-¡p-¶Xv Ime-hÀj-s¯bpw. Ime-hÀjw NXn-¨m ImÀjnI taJe
am{X-aà XI-cp-¶-Xv. 65 iX-am\w P\-§Ä D]-Po-h-\-¯n-\mbn B{i-
bn¡p¶ ImÀjnI taJe XIÀ¶m Dm-Im-hp¶ kmap-ln-Ihpw km¼-¯n-I-
hp-amb hn]¯v \ap¡v Duln-¡m-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åp.
Imem-hØ amäs¯ Ipdn¨v ]T\w \S-¯p-¶-hÀ `mc-¯n\v \ÂIn-
bn-«pÅ ap¶-dn-bn¸v Imem-hØ amäw \½psS Ime-hÀjs¯ tZmj-I-c-
ambn _m[n-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv. sX¡v þ ]Sn-ªm-d³ Ime-hÀj-¯nsâbpw hS¡v
þ Ing-¡³ Ime-hÀj-¯nsâbpw a«pamdnbm `mc-Xs¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-
t¯mfw H¶n-e-[nIw Imcys¯ AXv _m[n¡pw
o hnf XIˬ-bp-mIpw
o DXv]m-Z\ £aX Ipdbpw
o `£y kpc-£sb _m[n¡pw
o ]«nWn ]mh-§-fpsS F®w IqSpw
o sXm-gn Ah-k-c-§sf _m[n¡pw
o {]IrXn Zpc-´-§Ä IqSpw
o {]IrXn Zpc-´- \nhm-cW {]hÀ¯-\-¯n-\pÅ Nne-thdpw
o k¼¯v LS-\sb _m[n¡pw
`mcX¯n NqSv Hmtcm 100 hÀjw IqSp-t¼mgpw 0.4 Un{Kn skân
t{KUv hÀ²n-¡p-¶-Xm-bmWv IW-¡m-¡n-bn-«p-Å-Xv {]tXy-In¨pw
Ime-hÀjw Ignªpw , ic-Xv¡m-e-¯n\v tijhpw. F¶m BtKmf Xm]\w
hÀ²n¨ kml-N-cy-¯n `mcX¯nse Xm] \ne 2050 þ 3.2 Un{Knbpw ,
2080 þÂ 4.5 Un{Knbpambn Db-cp-sa-¶mWv IW-¡m-¡n-bn-«p-Å-
Xv. ISp¯ NqSv Ct¸mÄ Xs¶ D¯-tc-´y-bn A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶p-v. \nc-
h[n t]À DjvWm-[nIyw aqew Hmtcm hÀjhpw ac-W-s¸-Sp-¶p-ap-v.
1998-þ Hdo-k-bn am{Xw 650 t]cmWv AXypjvWw aqew ac-W-
a-S-ª-Xv.
Ime-hÀj-amWv `mcX¯nse ssPh-ssh-[ys¯ \ne-\nÀ¯p-¶Xpw ,
shÅ £maw ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶Xpw . F¶m 2050 þHmsS sX¡v þ ]Sn-ªm-d³
Ime-hÀj-¯nsâ tXmXn Imcy-amb Ipd-hp-m-Ip-sa-¶mWv Nqn-
¡m-«-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. `mcX¯n 70 iX-am\w agbpw e`n-¡p-¶Xv sX¡v þ ]
Sn-ªm-d³ Ime-hÀj-¯n \n¶m-Wv. CXn Ipdhv hcp-¶-tXmsS AXv
`£y kpc-£-sbbpw , k¼¯v LS-s\bpw , Pe-t{im-X-kp-I-sfbpw tZmj-I-c-
ambn _m[n-¡pw.
hÀ²n¨p hcp¶ DjvWw Irjnsb Imcy-ambn Xs¶ _m[n-¡pw. NpSv
IqSp-¶-tXmsS sNSn-IÄ thK-¯n ]qhn-Spw. CXv " [m\yw \nd¡-ensâ
" Ime-b-fhv Ipd-bv¡pw. hnf-bpsS Ime-ssZÀLyw Ipd-bp-¶-tXmsS
DZv]m-Z-\hpw Ipd-bpw.
DjvWw IqSp-¶-tXm-sSm¸w _mjv]o-I-c-W-t¯mXpw , sNSn-
bn \n¶pÅ Pemwi \jvS tXmXpw hÀ²n-¡pw. 1 % NqSv hÀ²n-¨m 5
apX 15 % _mjv]o-I-c-Whpw , Pemwi \jvShpw hÀ²n-¡pw. CXv ]
cn-l-cn-¡m³ ag CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶-tXmsS DZv]m-Z-\hpw Ipd-bpw.
hSs¡ C´y-bn 0.5 Un{Kn skân t{KUv NqSv hÀ²n-¡p-t¼mÄ
tKmX¼v DXv]m-Z-\-¯n 10 iX-am\w Ipd-hmWv Dm-Ip-¶-Xv. sF.-
sF.Sn bnse imkv{X-RvP-cpsS {]h-N\w A\p-k-cn¨v 3 Un{Kn skân
t{KUv NqSv hÀ²n¨m tKmX¼v DXv]m-Z-\-¯n 15 apX 20 iX-
am\w hsc Ipd-hv DmIpw. s\Ãnsâ Imcy-¯nepw CXp Xs¶-bmWv Ah-
Ø.
 NqSv hÀ²n-¡p-¶tXmsS IoS-§-fpsS ieyw IqSpw . hnf-\m-i-¯n\v
CXv Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw , DXv]m-Z\w Ipd-bm³ CS-bm-Ip-Ibpw
sN¿pw. P\-kwJy IpSp-¶-Xn\v A\p-k-cn¨v `£y DXv]m-Z\w hÀ²nt¨
Xocp. F¶m Imem-hØ amäw DXv]m-Z\w Ipd-bv¡p¶ \ne-bn-emWv
Ct¸m-gp-ÅXv . CXn\v ]cn-lmcw Is-¯m³ Ign-ªn-sÃ-¦n cmPyw h³
{]Xn-k-Ôn-sb-bm-bn-cn¡pw kao] `mhn-bn A`nap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-I.
lcnX {]`z hmXIw {]XnioÀj DXv]m-Z\w
cmPyw Afhv . sa{Sn¡v S¬ hÀjw
Ata-cn¡ 5.37 1996
C´y 0.29 1996
]m¡n-Øm³ 0.18 1996
_w¥m-tZiv 0.08 1996
{ioe¦ 0.11 1996
t\-¸mÄ 0.02 1996

t]cv
hn-emkw

tNm-Zym-hen

1. GsXÃmw s\Â hn¯n-\-§-fmWv Irjn sN¿p-¶Xv ?

2. GsXÃmw I¸ C-\-§-fmWv Irjn sN¿p-¶Xv ?

3. GsXÃmw hmg C-\-§-fmWv Irjn sN¿p-¶Xv ?

4. GsXÃmw ]¨-¡-dn-I-fmWv Irjn sN¿p-¶Xv ?

t]cv
hn-emkw

tNm-Zym-hen

1. s\ Irjn-bn Imem-hØ amäw F´v ^e-amWv Dm-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv ?

2. I¸ Irjn-bn Imem-hØ amäw F´v ^e-amWv Dm-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv ?

3. hmg Irjn-bn Imem-hØ amäw F´v ^e-amWv Dm-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv ?

4. ]¨-¡dn Irjn-bn Imem-hØ amäw F´v ^e-amWv Dm-¡n-bn-«p-ÅXv ?