Biometrics

Agenda
I. Video
II. Biometric Overview
III. Biometric Technologies
IV. Accuracy Metrics
V. BioPrivacy Concerns

by Alvaro E. Escobar 1
Biometrics

Agenda
I. Video
II. Biometric Overview
III. Biometric Technologies
IV. Accuracy Metrics
V. BioPrivacy Concerns

by Alvaro E. Escobar 2
Biometrics

Agenda
I. Video
II. Biometric Overview
III. Biometric Technologies
IV. Accuracy Metrics
V. BioPrivacy Concerns

by Alvaro E. Escobar 3
Biometrics

Definition:
“Automated measurement of Physiological
and/or behavioral characteristics to
determine or authenticate identity”

by Alvaro E. Escobar 4
Biometrics

“Automated measurement”
No human involvement.

Comparison takes place in Real-Time.

–DNA is not a Biometric

by Alvaro E. Escobar 5
Biometrics

“Physiological and/or behavioral characteristics“

1. Behavioral:
– User speaks.
– Types on a keyboard.
– Signs name.
2. Physiological:
– Fingerprint
– Hand
– Eyes
– Face
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Biometrics

“determine or authenticate identity”

 Identification Systems:

– Who am I?
– Determine Identity
 Verification Systems:
– Am I who I claim to be?
– Authenticate Identity
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Biometrics

“determine or authenticate identity”

 Verification Systems (cont):

– More accurate.
– Less expensive.
– Faster.
– More limited in function.
– Requires more effort by user.
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Biometrics

 Benefits:
– Security
 PC, Network, Web
 Physical access to Buildings/Rooms
– Accountability
 Audit Trails
 Recordkeeping
– Convenience
– Savings
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Biometrics

 Primary drivers:
– Size and cost decreased.
– Improved FAR, FRR & FTE
– Mature standards
 BioAPI
 BAPI
– Public awareness

by Alvaro E. Escobar 10
Biometrics

Agenda
I. Video
II. Biometric Overview
III. Biometric Technologies
IV. Accuracy Metrics
V. BioPrivacy Concerns

by Alvaro E. Escobar 11
Biometrics
 Identification and verification:
– Finger scan
– Iris scan
– Retina scan
– Facial scan (optical and infrared)
 Verification only:
– Hand Geometry
– Voice Print
– Keystroke Behavior
– Signature
 Other Biometric Technologies in the making.
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Biometrics
 Finger scan: Measures unique characteristics
in a fingerprint (minutiae)
– Crossover
– Core
– Bifurcations
– Ridge ending
– Island
– Delta
– Pore
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Biometrics

 Iris scan: Measures unique

characteristics of the iris
– Ridges (rings)
– Furrows
– Straitions (freckles)

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Biometrics

 Retina scan: Measures unique

characteristics of the retina.
– Blood vessel patterns
– Vein patterns

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Biometrics
 Facial scan: Uses off-the-shelf camera to
measure the following facial features:
– Distance between the eyes.
– Distance between the eyes and nose ridge.
– Angle of a cheek.
– Slope of the nose.
– Facial
Temperatures.

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Biometrics

 Hand scan: measures the top and side

of the hand, not the Palm.
– Hand Geometry.
– Most widely used technique for physical
access.
– INSpass system

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Biometrics

 Voice scan: Measures the sound

waves of human speech.
– user talks to a microphone a passphrase.
– Voice print is compared
to a previous one

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Biometrics

 Keystroke scan: Measures the time

between strokes and duration of key
pressed.
– Most commonly used in systems where
keyboard is already being used.

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Biometrics

 Signature scan: Measures speed,

pressure, stroke order an image of
signature.
– Non-repudiation

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Biometrics

 Biometric techniques still in the

drawing board
– Vein scan : vein pattern in back of the
hand.
– Lip movement : camera captures images
of how user lips move while user speaks a
passphrase.

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Biometrics

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Biometrics

Agenda
I. Video
II. Biometric Overview
III. Biometric Technologies
IV. Accuracy Metrics
V. BioPrivacy Concerns

by Alvaro E. Escobar 23
Biometrics

 False Acceptance Rate (FAR)

 False Rejection Rate (FRR)
 Failure To Enroll Rate (FTE)
 Ability To Verify (AVT)
– AVT = (1 - FTE)(1 - FRR)

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Biometrics

Agenda
I. Video
II. Biometric Overview
III. Biometric Technologies
IV. Accuracy Metrics
V. BioPrivacy Concerns

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Biometrics

 Informational privacy concerns:

– Misuse
– Addressed by:
 System Design
 Careful Audit
 Personal privacy concerns
– cultural or religious beliefs

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Biometrics

 Bioprivacy Framework (25 best

practices)
– Scope & Capabilities
– Data Protection
– User Control of Personal Data
– disclosure, auditing and accountability.

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Biometrics
 Scope & Capabilities:
– Limit system scope.
– Limit storage of identifiable biometric data.
 Data Protection:
– Security Tools:
 Encryption
 private networks
 secure facilities
– Limited System Access
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Biometrics

 User Control of Personal Data :

– Allow user un-enrollment (voluntarily)
– Allow user view, correct and update data
 Disclosure, Auditing and Accountability:
– Explain system purpose
– Third party auditing

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Biometrics

 Q&A

by Alvaro E. Escobar 30