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... .. .. III ...

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. . . . ~ . .

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x~m;

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x~M,

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. .............~VV'-'

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2 •

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2 '

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= (k+ 1 )(k+ 1 )+_1)

,

2

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2 ..

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iiI: ~n= I lVi', ~Ar~Ji:. il!n=ka-J, ~Af~JJ:, l!~

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6 '

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s

:= ! Ck+ 1 )(k(2k+ 1) + 6(k + l)J

'_.

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= ,

( 6

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T~' ~1.:p{ffn1 ~ ?&f£n~· :ff

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6 •

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1 s + 23+- .... + kJ -:- ( 1 + ~~ + ...... + k) z,

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=(1+2+·u+k)2+(k+l)3- .-

=h2(f~± 1)2 +(k+ 1)3

4

= Q~.+ 1 )_'?_+ 2)_' ={fk+ 1 )[(~+_!_)+__Qr =(1+2+ · .... +(k+l)J2,

l!P ~ T n = k + 1 51 , ~ .Jt it! J& 11: •

f~, X~j ."F if 1nJ ~ ~~ n, 1f 13+23+···+113=(1+2+" .... +n)2.

4~ 1+2+22.+ ... +2;P1~1=2~-1.

tiE ~n=l~, ~AJliiL.

!in=ka1, ~A~il. lIP

1 + 2 + 2 2 + .. 01 + 2 k-l ~ 2 k - 1 , PltJMrn=k+ IDJ; "::(f

1 + 22 + 22. + ... + 2 ~- 1 + 21:

=(2~"~1)+2~=2~';'1 -1,

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. "

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"

(a+b) (ltl ~ :E C:a r~~~~ b 1m},

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1

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m= 0

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~

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~t1f( 1) A~;{-tA ( 2 ) xt~

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m=o

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= 1 ( a -~. h h ) + b I C? a l q b l 0 1

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+ eta (01 b lOll

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+ .... -1- Ci H a [ 1 1 b F] .+ C: n a (0 l b [H 11

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6

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•

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Et! 1'" x ; x j '/ 0, wr ~

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.'T J&, ::t1. ·T-1f:f~J § ?t~n ~ 11

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.. 2 '

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,

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10" iiEaJJ~~Jt

1 3 2n -I 1

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9"

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( 1 \ 2

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fiiJ r~ 111 ilE B ~ rp ill x:ll IJ\ ~.

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5U B *91~.,j\tl.~mil:, !lt~?1"OA/B 19S}E7 ~~ ~E!1t,v2.

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2 b b ' ~ 2 + 8 + c = 1 B • .:r ~YE!"fa ..

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0[:>-0, bEB~ blEB.)

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17. f-{ml'( r tiUiJl~~~~

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infE=infB'=-~2.

18. 19: 1- xf .1J~I¥-J~*, ~@~R::~ xE fxf .f{f~:mli HU ~. ~1!ij~A:

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( 1 ) ~ - x E 1 ~ x f fI{, - x ~ rr: ' ;

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~lt ( 1 ) It ( 2 ) irE;Jff. :

(3) ~xE{x}st, x~-m';

( 4 ) ~lJ -"f 1£ ill]' l¥~ IE ~ e, ff if 1f x! E ~ x f, 1£

x'-:=--m' -e

•

Ut ( 3 ) B: ( 4 ) t~ f£ - m! = sup t x} , liP m! =. - sup Ix I ,

)jJf J;t in f l- x I = ~ sup ~ x f •

(6) ii S 11 P I - x I = At I, li!~ ~ : ( 5 ) ~ - x E l - x I s-1 , - x < M ' ;

(6) ;\1T{ffij(~JE~e~ ffl£-Jf-x>fEl-x}, -fi! -x'~MJ ~e

•

tlI ( 5)}k( 6 ) !tiff}. :

( 7 ) ~ x E J x 1 ot; x;» - AI ' ;

( B ) JJ·T-ffMf-J'~lE ~ 8, 1j1tvx' E Ix~" M!

X' .-c;::;_ - At ' -t- e.

m ( 7 ).& ( S ) lJ:l ~ - M ' = in f {x f, a~ M , = - in f I x I , mIll, 5upl-xl=~inflxf ..

, S II iX i x + y 1 13 m 1[ x + y Jk J!J;.fJ1 {8 ~ a, Jt 9:t x E I x I .& y E J y}. liE gij ~):t :

(a) i nf lx+ y} = i n f ixl + in! Jyl ; (6) 5nPix+ Yf =sup{x}+sup{y}.

il (a) W; in f {X} = m l' i II f { y } = m 2 , WlI] 1r : (1) ~xE{x}, yE{y}S>j', x;;O:ml' y>m2;

( 2 ) ~tT1ffJlJ89JEf(e, ff.tE~i 1£ x! E{x}, s' E{y}, #!

ill ( 1 ) B: ( 2 ):Jl~ :

( 3 ) ~ x+ yE{x+ y}Ht (;ltt}=l xE{x}, yE{y}) , x+ y3ml + tn2;

(4 ) X1-=f{ffnJagIEf( e , ff-1£ ~ x! + y'E{x+ y} (~ ,ap x'E{x}, y'E{y}) , UI!

X' + yl<:::(ml +m2)+e.

W< 3 )1t( 4.. )!mf£ tnl +m2; =: inf {X+ y}, RP inf{x+ y}=jnf{x}+inf{y}.

(6) rnJ i! ilf ii£

sup{x+ y} =sup{x}+sup{y}.

16

20 .. ii {xy}-:1gWi~ff xy ~tR8~~{t, ;Jt~ xE{x}.z;tyE.{y}, .Ii x;» 0 J). y~o. ·iiEa)J~Jt!

(a) inf{xy}=inf{x}inf{y};

(6) sup{_x}Su.p{y} = sup{xy} ..

iiE (a) ifr inf{x}===m·l' inf{y}=m2' mrm1f,X):'=o. y~O~ ftl.&b ml ~O, m2 30 .. "-P:H":

( 1 ) ~ xE{x}, yE{y}B1 ~ x~ml >0, y~m2 po;

c 2 ) ~~J{f{riJa1lE~ e, fftr::tr~ x ! E{x}, y' E{y}, ~

o ~x' ~m! +.8, 0 ~y' -<::::m2; +e .. rll ( 1 )11( 2 )1t1i:

( 3) ~ xyE{xy}, ;JtJf xE{x}, yE{y}, xy~mlm2; ( 4 ) ~Tff fri1 B':J j£ It e, ff:(£ fl x! y'E{xy} (;tttp

a . . - ..

x'E{x}, y/E{y}, 1£

o ~X' s' -o:::::.(ml +e)(m2 +.t) =ml mz +e"J ;tt~ el=(rn1+m2,)e+e2_

W ( 3 ) lit ( 4 ) ~ It m 1 rn 2 = in f {x Y } t lIP

\.

inf{xy};;;;;: inf {x}inf {y}.

(6) filJ#; nr iiE

snp{xy} = sup{x}sup{y}.

21. :j( iJI/f~ ~ A :

(a) ~ x - y L~ ·l~ x ~ -1 y q ;

«(j) r x+ x l + ." .. + xll! p ! x I - ( Ix 1 ~ + .... + I x .. I ) II iii (a)m lx-y~== Ix+(-y)1 ~ ~xl-I-yl

=l s l+l v l.

ix~yl= Iy-xl~ iyi - \x\ =~(!xl-\yl),

17

[x-yl~ llxl-Iyll ~1lTtlrrFiiEJ!ij: wi xy! ~xy~ ,

x:2 -2Xy+ y2~X: -2lxyt + yl.

Jld _ (x - y ) 2 ~ ( I x I - \ y I ) 2 ,

3fjj~pm

[ x ~ y I ;:~ 11· x [ - I Y II. .

(6) 1x+x1 + ... +x,,[ > l x1 ;_·lx1 +.It+x.1·.

pij I x 1 + ... + XII I ~ 1 x 1 I + t X 2, + ... + XII I ~ ...

~ I X 1 1+ l X 2 I + ~ .. + 1 x; 1,

.@i~~

I X+X1 + H" + x'" I~I x-l- (! .il 1+ .~. + I XI! D • • 1'~A:

22. l!l+ 1 I~o .o i ,

Ii til 1 x+ 1 ~<::O.Ol tl13- -0 .01 ~x+ 1....:::::0 ~Ol,

-1 .. Ol<:::X~-O.99. 23 .. ~x-21~lO.

• m I x-2 l~lO m:f4

x - 2 ~?: 1 I) ~ ;<:' - 2 < - lOt

X?12 ~ 24 .. I x [>-1 x+ 1 ! ..

M mitLlf!1i ~ I!Pf~

X2~(X+ 1)2 ~ 2x+ 1-<=0,.

18

1 x....::::.--

2 "

25.12X-ll<:1x-ll.

It WJ Jll:r- jJ, tlPm

(2X-l)2...:::;:(X-l)2 ~ 3X2-2X-<O,

26. I x + 2 ~ + 1 x - 2 1 ~ 12 •

.. ~ X -- 2 = t , Dltl1f

It+41+1tl<12 ~ IJ+4l~12-lt!.

WiUl~:Jr, ttP:fi

t2 + BI+ 16<144- 24] t I + 12,

31 t I ~16-t" :f$Jl:AmijJt¥}-V-1rt{ttt\l.}j~

t2 + 41 - 32~O!l

-B~t~4

•

-"8~x- 2C4,

-6~X~6 ».t I X [<6.

27. 1 X+ 2 i- r X [~l.

Iii 1 + ~ x ~ <: 1 x -{- 2 1 ~ ~ Jlt AJi~1j iW J¥ 1f, 1t JWj ~

19

21 x 1<::4x+3.

NJf1rz, 1t1ii~

4x2 + 8.x+ 3>-0.

x >-_l ~~ x <-.!_

2 ~ 2 •

iii ~ /F ji % , JiJf lJ,( ,

1

x>.......,....-

2 •

28 ~ \1 x + 1 1- t x - 1 ~ i -<:} ~ • v~iYJl~1r, -ftiWi1f

,;2 + ~ -e; I X 2. - 1 I ,

1 Ixl~2·

29 ~ I x( 1- x) l-<:o t 05 ~

•

20

5 - ../30 . 5 + "" 30

--··~~x..o::::::~-

10 10

5 +,.j 20 5 --VW

~.- ... -.- .c:::x ~ x<::: -_- ,

10 10

5 - ",/30 5 - "';W-

-.- _ .. -·-··~x ~ .--~

10 10

5 + "/ w 5 + ~30

--_. --~x-:: .,._-_

10 c 10·

30. iiE~~m~A

( ~+ ; x__lY + ( _x ~21 ~-_I_. f = ~2 •

iE (X +2' xl) 'J. + ( x -21 x ! ) 2

1 1 1 2 1

==-x2+-xlxl+-x --x~Xl=x2

2 2 2 2 •

31 ~ ~i!M.*trIOJ.l*a-4",. ileXf~~1il 0.5 _*; ~OO:itBe • 500 ff*R>t, !13~~~~-T 200 *. lII'~ •• ~:*.1m ilr

• m:m~il~

2,.

d=._ 200 =0 .. 04%,

'500 x 1000

J3i Pl, 18 :¥ti@jit~)9mlOO. 52 .. i)t~

X= 2 ~3752

~ffi~~~~l%, ~*~~~**~&~~~~f

. .1

., ~"'-'--= 0 .oi , J9fJ2ALJ = 0.023752. 2~3752

~mi, 1lttt{g.g;m&.lfE.~~. 33 ...

X=12.125 ~~3~~~~~.~*~~~ffi~~~T

.. Uilj-] x ~*?m1fE.~~, IDrI».J<o.OS."T:m:~

.il~1~~ :,'

.t J 0.05 0

(J = --..::::-.---- ~<::O 42%

I x 1 12.125 '"

34 ~ ~*(tt1lt!~T:

X= 2 ~50J.i* + 0 .0111*,

r : ~ ..

. '

y=4.00JI* ± O~02m*.·

~~~~~~~S~T~~~~~1~~~*~~~~ ~, mmOO~~M~~~j~m~ •• ·d~Mr

fit Sn:i,,=(2 .50 ~O.Ol)(4 .. 00-0 •. 02)

= 9.9102 (.1jZ- ]YJIt*) »,

S IU 11 == ( 2 ~ 50 + 0 .01 ) ( 4 ~ 0 0 + 0 .02 )

:;; 10 ~0902 (3f1im*) , Sfll"1C~S~Sr.JQx •.

S ;'f;l1) = 2 .50 x 4,,, 00 = 1 0 (.v- jj 11*) ,

?11 = 10.0902 -10= 0.0902 (.Jf11 Jjt}~'.) , d2.~lO~9,,9102=O.0898 <-V-1ilM*) ; ~d:;;;;_max(L11' L12,)=O.0902 (.1f:ifJ!iI*) ,.

o 0= ___:!__~O ·~?-<!~-::o 91%0

10 10 • •

*) ~rn -*fwr7$j~ 11Jm*-2 ,J_i* s~.

35. lttr f~ iW ~ ji P = 12 • 59' Yl: + 0 ~ 0 1 1l, ;W,: 1* ~ V 0= 3 • 2 Jj_(

*3 + 0" 2ffti* 3. ~tx-ftJ'f*t¥J •• fJt1* tR ~ 1k It ~ :MJ {ff, irt*4t91*~ It!!, #fttf·lt!tagfSX1~~fUffi~Vl ~.

• ltIlt C = 1: :~9 ~/ JI*3 ~ 3 .931l:lJmJ~a •

C'IHIX = .. .1.; ~-o~·9._1l/ M*3 =4 ,,2o~1 mt*a,

v~

ell: i P1 C C ~ C ma~ ~

Lll =C,.; - C=O ~271t/ JITf* 3-, Lf 2; ~ C - CIIl i1J = 0 ~235l/ 00* 3,

L1 ~mox(Lf 1 ,Li z) =0 . 275l:/ JM*:!; -1&!IH, J:t lip) (3.93 + 0.27) 5l/ J.\\* 3;

d ~ 0 • 27 .. ~7 3 0/

3.70 • /0 II"

2'

r=7~2*±O .. 1*.

li lOC st = 3 ~ 14, WJ * mag til 00 tR tro iIl/J\:tIJ X1 i3!~ 1-1 fiU 1

• fMIitimA=:JrX7.22~163 (*2)

A] =rr(7 ~2+ o~ 1)2. -!C~7 .22 = 1 ~45Jr.

d 2 = I Jf( 7 <0 2 ~ 0 • 1),2 - :rr" 7 ... 2 2" I ~ 1 ~ 43Jr .. d-::S;;max(d 1 ,L/2) = 1 .. 45n ~ 5 (~2) NP--!9Jt~mrititn A ~163*2 + 5* 2" t&

5

d ~ --=::3 .. 07%. 163

37 .. X4":m:Jft.3ftti:l\1ti1*l1m X=24~ 7* ± 0,,2*; y=6~5* ± 0.1*; Z=1.2* +O~l*~

~--t-1f-fi*mff*~i*~ V :W-T~~m: li F'!Jy :tf $1 :It tru &~*~.~~~.,"~*ruoo~ft*m~~~~w~ fitW£!~~~~ ffi m~~ j;]{JiJl

• 24~5x6t14X 1.1~ V~24"~9X6~6X 1.3

l!P 172 ~480*3:S;;;;V ~213 .642*s ~ "

~ x , y, zi$JIk~tsJm:at,

V=24~ 7 x 6.5x 1~2=192~660*8 ..

L11 =213.642 -192 .. 660=::;20~982(*3),. £12, = 192 ,,660 ~ 172.480 =::= 20.180(*3).

-

• U~~~~$"+~%.~m •• ~~~~m.~~*~m.~~-

a. ~h~w~~.~»*~*~m.X~=~R~~~.X~~~~fl~~m it e:lE m){~~f& ~ ail:. "

..:1<20.982*8;

~ G .. __ ~_9~!l2 ;;;:; 1 ~ 2 %

- 172 ~480 • , ~

38. iM~ ,ITt If. if ;Jfj {}{J:ttl x J 1ft!it 2 Jlt -<: X -<: 3 *, hY f-.J $ ! J' :'fl it xJ' L;:~ 7;}, /f H~ {~Ilt _IE 1f m; till m 1=f PI tl~ M 1Pif ,iiJo .. 00 1

*:11

til- 1.ti Jim -rlAQ JfJ ~{j. 0 --::::::X ~ ~ 4, <::: 0 .001 #.t 0 ...:::: 9 ~ x":!. -:::::.

o . 001, frif .=t ~@-

I5Illt, J ~ - .: 1~· ~ i-i 'il *~ tetJJ\:1f , ~jl

LI ~~ 0 ~ 000 17 (/I(:) =,·0" 1 7 ~~ 7K ~

-nt ~ 12l.~ X eg 0'~ ~\;J iR: ~~ /f~ M! i:l: 0 • 1 7 ;~ * [:tf, it 00. «! trt jf 1Jm !¥1.tfJJ ;JH1W1!fO ¥jJO '0 001*:! •

39'6 ···1NJ£?l!W~il1(-fg*ff/Gmnl0*, PJ7 i4!mMI1S:BT·rl.1 H * iig Wi tq . ~ m 1m .f1tz li:1 ~ 1m:li 0 ~ 0 l·"¥ t-f * !t fUJ ~J ill mJf:11YJ12 x ~ y U-t, ilf-tlT[f,J~~~f£LJtro1~~* *) ?

til ti(H! i& ~ in 1f

(x + .s »; y -:- d)~xy~O .01,

NP .. ,:'2 +- (x+ y")~_1~·o ,,01,

Utf XC10,& y~~lO., m~J~M-

A 2. -+ ~ o.J < 0 ~ 0 1 f,% ?f2 + 2 o..d - 0 • 0 1 ~ 0 l!~ ilT. m¥z, 1f

= 0 .. 0001,95<:0" 0005 (*) •

25

* ) ».t Mi ffl{ * x, y.1' i -;ffl ~s: tt~ ~ %J U!-~. Jl. r~ * _t JJ "0 • 0 1 :1fl Jf 7f~ ", f!ij i~ if /-J ~. 0 .. 0 1 ,0/-- jjJ!fI * 'I •

40 .. ill o(x)ll J(y)~g* x~y fl(J;ftL~JiM~;:, o(xy) 11:t&.xYtr~1 :fH X~f ~ l=:. Jjt iil.:

o(xy) --:Ca(x-) + dey) + o(x)o(y).

DE ii.x=a+3r, y=b+LiIl'J

Jt rf-t a ,& b 'i} jjtl 11£ x .& y tm #tliifJ fR, Li;,:lk J 11 Jl.?!d x·t-m~, m~:f{

x y ~ a b = b L1,.: + a A ~ + L-1 ); • A I.

-]' ~

- . :.-~"

..d~1 xy-ab ~

.:s: I b I .. .d -i a ~ . L1 --L .1 . A

. -..., f x , , ~ , " x /J,.

~ (x y) = .. ..:1 ::::,4.!. + 4..lI__. + 4.~ ... _.L1 ,

\ ab I ~ 1 a 1 ~ b i I a 1 t b -\ •

d(xy)~o(x) +o(y) + o(x)8(y).

1 °lUy~at11.&~ ttJ.~ 1N~ X-J .-r 1:1: fpJ ttl E>- 0 •. :fil&

. .. . . .,. . .... .

N = ~\r(e), 1Y!

ml! frj~ ~&, ~tl x u x 2. ~ H.; X a, • .. :ff ~ R~ a (~-1f m , 1& ~ 'T a ) ) !J)\ UP

26

lim:xrs=~,

II·~-

~itl?~ xllj; JfJ.1tj1 Jj\ •

._......-....- ....... -.~ .._-._.-._.

& ~¥i f& ~ oJ~ ~ YO ~ ** j] o.:}t( (j~ •

~.~I""'-"""_'

2 0 ~ ~1~ if. fl: 01 Xii m~l

.. .. . . . .. ..

( 1 ) t~

1 . , .

i m ),,,= llmZ1l=c,

limxlI=C.

( z ) _!~t 1M) 1fij 111f :W- FE ®l YTJ 1r .i& J~ ~

( .1 ) ~f 1m ~-tl }]Ij rt ~ 3i~ { X ll} tfl f1k m ff Y± !¥J &!~ ~ 1m 1l1t 7t

• • 41 ill ..

B'1*"¥f:~: A'i=rtEMa'!.r e~ 0 ~ 1rfl N = l'l(e), 1J.!§n;;:-N :fn o= 0 PJ, j :(7.- Xm+p ! "'::;:::8.

3° ;k~-P~~~W~i&~B9 ~*J;El_§! li

• • • ill'll. .. II .. • ill ~

lim x, frt l i my ..

~ ...... :"O n_.o

ff. t£, !il~ ~Fj:

( 1. ) 1';- X pt ~ .• ; )' r.; ~

(,,) limf),," ~ 'LJ )=lim ," + limy·

c: \ II - oJ II .':11 .- II ,

(3) lim(xTI;/Ii)=limxIlLmYJI)

~ . ~...., f.I ...;.{>;O 1'i •• 00'

( 4, ) ~~l;. 1 i n: Y IE = 0, !i!U

.,..".

1 •

11 m XII

] i m .. x'!.... = ~-.<'O _~

Illl007COQ YII ] i rn .:vI'; •

!l: .+C*

27

l i m ( 1 + _l_ ) " -;;;_~ e = 2 • 7 182 nIB 2 a 4 u •

.-,:0 . f1

• .. ill- ill

*=j~)('J·J::ff1~(t9 e.:«. *i~ IV = ~V(h~)!1 M! ~Ji.:l n--Nut I ....... ! --. L'

~.:: -- '; I~'" 11 I -' -~ L:. ~

6 0 ~ tz ~ e )J! iT{ 1'U x; (n -= 1 ~ ~ , •• 0I) if ·:r ~ Jj~

~ .

Xh .... , "

lirnxp =~"

tt_oo •

~.Kwr ~ttWi )jj{ 1m_) .. :ti ~ 1'-1! ~ 1E wJ£ --~ ft{J, Jilll ~ ~p ~ B ~ ~

~~ ............... ~~~.._.....~.._.

91J ($11 ~ tJi ~ .

~7tl x, ~J./j\~.~ (1f~HUWZJG~(fJ)

28

~ :1-J Jlt~ ?IJ W1 .l. tIl ~ • .

............... ._ ............ ~

~~

~h~1Y" ~ Yim:t'"

'n--:: .:-.:. K_.tlJG

. -

::;~ ~ 3t~ x 11 l¥1 (1i 9'J ~ 3C ~) t& pa ff -tr. it.] ~ ~ jJij lJ. 1£ t} au 1k

#.

41. ~

limxn=l"

DrJ: X-fTif___,-'r!f.t:iE1W e>-O, JJtIt N=N(e) *11

tE n::>I~T~, I X,,- I !....:;;:e. ~r*:

~-·~~~I·--~! ---~I---~I---

I; l Q. l ! fl. 01 ': 0 • 001 0 • 0001 l···

.- ---,-'---'-- - ------ .. ---: 1'---

N !

1 x-I l = -- .- ; . ---- {f ur c ~ 0, !l I X II - 1 i ~ e, T!.

II' • U + 1 .

s.

1

~- - - .. -.- -<e

tl + 1 •

29

9llj ~ n>- N B1 t ! x, - If -<:e ~ JlH J;)." lim X =1

II - ~

e 0.1 0.01 I Q.OOI o.oo:n
;
------ _ ... _._----- .--- - - -_ ..
1'1 10 100 1000 10000 r
I ...
~ ....... .......... - (a) XIt

(~l)~'l = ------- --- - -; n

(6)

1

( a) x = -_ ..

11 n ! '

~;t -=ff:Ef~00 E:-~O, :-jZ H~ it N =.N C,,:) 1 _nl! ~ n::;:;,-IV H·j, I.Y.JI [~e ;

np liE I!ij x It (n = 1, 2, u.) ::h JG §.j _I J~ (~1f: Ji Et., f.r ~ !1l {i~ 0") •

fit It fr .1 if Q :# t% nj., :!. r * :

- ........ -.,.....,... ....... ~~ ................. ""CI"rrlCll" • ............:'-~~",.,...,------ .................. -- ...... ~,...,-". ....... ~1IIIII"I

f. I 0.1 0.01 i 0.001 r· ..

!-~ I I •

:.Aii1lL:aassa ~"""_'-_y ,.",.-.,.. ........ ~~~

-LiE

1

--. -=::"8,

n

lim x ::::;.;..:0

" ..

30

((I) ! X If ~ = . _ .. _~_!1_. <-~ . .ffMt e>O, ~ I X1\! ~e"

\ · n3+ 1 nZ

rt~

IiP.RJe ,p·l!. llXN =[ vi' ~-], Ij[IJ~n=-NIt4" ,I x,l <:8, Jrr(;{,

l i m X =0

1'1 ..

1 .

-- ... -_. .- -<::: e

21'1-1 ,

N == rIo g 2. _1_-J + 1 ,

• l.., e

9!~ ~ n~ ~~r at.. ~ x~ l <e, J!Jr ~,

lim X"I=O.

(~) i 'YlI j = 0.999". fXUt e~ 0, ~ t XII ~ < e , R_ nlgO ~ 999<:::::lge~

iE:r 190.999=.:O~ttr.Jt~n::> . ~gt: __ . ~2500}gl •• ) lJk

· IgO.999 e It

iV =[ 2soo1g !-}

)1

limxfl=O~

e

___ . ~_._~ _ .' .?:.~~._J_ O ... ~~l . L~~_. . __

! 1000

10

----_.- ~----------~-~-

i

: ...

I

~ .. !~;- :- :\-;-1 .-- ·-1 ------. --;.-----,-------1-0- --r-·,· -- - - -

(r:: ) ~ .,;\} ..

4.

44

-,- ~~--.-------:'--~-

_:::_~~ .:_"V_ __ :' 500 ~_J __ G_,O_~[} -:-L 7,5_0_0 _..:.-~~ __ a

-~~ .. ----~.,.--- --~

. t

,. «i . ~ ll5t ]v~ ~;:~ ! . tu r ~!MI~ 1tl, ~ -PI _~6 - m Jffl . ** ) 1ft vq tll ~~r~ Ftl.T€. J.fIT tS~ {S.~ iI.

-'

43 ~ iiElV1 ~ ylJ

(0.) XrI=--;: (-1 )r.n'l (fj) X~=2":~. (B) Xn= 19(1gll)

(n>2)

~ n··->-<XlU·J. {i'_7G W~~J RPr.tj-1.X~~*) ,. 'llP: : ~ if :~: (ill E ~ 0 , 3ft ~ fvr = l\T ( l~: ), {iE

~ n>-Nlt-j; IX1l~:_,.E •

.At ,M .~~ _l Uif &;; 4t. - # ·it *, :lj\ r *-: :

E

paaaaa"" ..... ~~----......---- ........ ,_--_.,.,-.~~"".",.,_.-""":--~"",..,.,

1000 1 10000 I ><.

10

100

-._---- --_. _._--_._-- --. ._-------"--

N i . l

- i .

__ .-'--._._.r..- .. -.~.,,_ i i

.,.__._....-------.. ~ -- -------- ~- ....... -:-.., .-'-.I'oI:'~ ~' .. ~.oC.L"Ii' ~.....__.,_~":"'I

n~E.

I\X N ~ ellJ ': !QU ~ n~lVtl1, I X~ I >-E, Bfl21,

lim X ;;::;CQ

t,: to

12

(0) I XII I =2'/". ffMt E>-O, !ll x.1 >-E; Jr. 2';;;-- :>- E •

( 19E )2

lIP Jt~ n~ --------- ~ Jt{

1~2

..

I :. ~ _../"

lim X.=..PO" .

,

1Il_~

(B)~ n~lOfJ't, ~·gn::>-l.&.lg(lS·n';>Q. < .,

- r· ... I .

if%- E:>-O, ~ r x~ r ::.--E ~ .R~

L

Ig(lgn)::::>E, lIP ..Ft ~ n>- 1000 B).. 1tX

N =(10(10£)),

Dm~ n~lVR>t,. !X1jI~E; 1WtJ.{,

lim X =00

j'J ..

..». '= __ ~ __ :---;;- ~_.~ ]OO~,_-[-·~~o;~ i .~~

( n) : X! 10 I 100 j 1000 10000 j. ~.

-;6-;--J~;- __ -~~11-~··-. [._-.- ~~ __ ,. __ --.-~~ ... ~ 17G -I <.~', -_

, ~ u l 0 (), 1000 j 10-000 I . . ... -_

( rd iN! ~ II ( I 0 ) i 1J u 0 ) I ~;Y 1 0 ) H) r t o· ), ...

....... ...._... ... -«p.#c .........

44. ~iiE

xll=n(-U- (n=1,2,"u)

fg:_~ n·+oott1, E :1f~~j.J x9ij(.

"

Jifr Vi,

Xz,--;r-oo, x2k+1-*o Ck-*QQ).

rlJ T X.2 jr-rCXl ~ til. x"xW-; m I2TI x 2 ~ ,.J ___,._O, ~x f1 *~~~ 'l~7G9ij~ ~

45. JU /1~ ~~ ~ ~ 7J\ -F ?itl * ~ :

(a.) Li m X!;;::;:=CClj (6) Em x~~ -00; (n) Hm~"lll= + co~

M (a)~r{£tb"Btrj£lt E, 1¥#~ § ~f£N·= lV{E) , ~~ n~N IT~t, Ix.j~E,

it ep l i ill x ~ = DO •

(6)J~_::f1fUtfFJ.tE~E, #:(£:f:J" fj ~~ 1V = N (E) , ii! ~ rz>-N EM ~ x~-<. - E,

limx:=-C<)

• Pl •

(n)X;J_:f tEMt~IElt E, ff·itff §1!ltN =N (E), it ~ n> N n1, XfI"",?- E .,

lltDP lirnxll=+oo"

14

48 ..

.~/ nZ· s i nn 1 lim --.. - . ..- - ---

..

,,-_woa n + 1

..

i" ... - r

• ...:.:. 11 ~ ==: j h fj !

l i m - =0

:II:I~;'" n+ 1 .,

49. Jim

111- .....

( _ __2_ )PI .. _!_.J._ _t .

(_:.::)n+3" . 3 3 1:3 1

.. .... ----. = b m -- - ---.:-~ - .---- - :....:.:....: "- .. ~

( - :n It I 1 + 31J + I fl-~ (_ f f -I- 1 + 1 3 ..

50 lim l+a+a:!+·u+an I 1 IhJ

. '__~-b b 2 b (a ! -«; I , -.::::: 1 ) •

II_V: i + + + u. + II

l-aHl

.2 .. _ .. -.-

I . I + a + a + ~ u + alJ _ 1 . 1 .- a 1 - b

llli---· , -. ~.--. - 1 III --- - .. --. =_.--

~~("' 1. + b + b ~ + .... + b' 11-"'" 1- b" q I-a"

~i-b-·

51. It m (-1_,. + _2_z + . H + n ~ 1 ) •

12-: .... \n~ n n

35

52. lim [l __ -2_ + ~ ~ .... + _(~ ~~~~~-~.J.

II _ _'" n 11 n n

.L .2_._i ( - 1 ) 11 - 1 n

-- + ~._ ~ .. + --- '.. -- ~.

n t1 n n 0(>

~ n-=2k+ J,.

1 2 3' 2k+ 1

:;::-_._~_~ __ .... _+ .. _._T -. - ..... + _

2k+ 1 2k+ 1 . 2k+ ~ 2k+ 1

k'+ 1 . 1 ..

;:::: _-_.- ~- ,

2k+ 1 2

tB ~r lfst /f~ ftlJ 1i ~ a-i, m f& O~ m ~ 1« ~ lPl, ITr 1})., a Nt

. [1 .a 3 (_1)II-o.1n]

l irn -_ + .-_ ... + --- .

" ...... ~ n n 11 n

;r:1¥1'£ ..

36

= 1 i m[~.". (.~~ 1_ )_.~.(¥n - _!2_J"-' = l.

'Il_00 n .6 3

= 1 i JIl C 8 f "( 2 n.) - 4 f (n) j = 43 •

n ... ""

. ;

1 I

g(n):;::-; J + _ .. ,+ .... + ---- "--,

2 2"~1

.m~ {f 2 f (u + 1 ) - g ( 11) = f (n) + 1 ,

XW2f(n+ 1)- J(n)=f(n)+~n~ 1 =g(n)+l, .

. 2 " f. :.

f.' ·2n + I

(n) = g (n) + 1----------.

21'1 •

I" (1 3. 5 2n ~ 1 )

i m -+2-3+H~+ II =3.

"--+0:. 2 2 2 2.

J1.

* ) §: 4)" 581!H

56 lim r-l- +_1 __ + , .. + .. - .. ---~- - J.

• ~ -0<0 <, 1 .. 2 2 . 3 n (11 '1- I)

1

..!...

3' ,.

~_._!. __ = _l_

n(n+l) n

1

n+ 1 '

1

1

"+ 1 ;

Ii mr-l- + 1. + ... +-. ._ .... _!_ .. - . __ ]

~_[]G _ 1 . 2 2 • 3 n ( n + 1)

= lim( 1 __ 1 __ ) = 1. ..

Il"-"" n + 1 ~

•. l:iJ T ,,/~2 - . ..!/-~f·" ,.,:/-~r ~ .. ~/-2~ ::::; 2 ( .~ + l~ f·l3 .-' ... , + i~!)

_ (1 )'!

1 ..

1 ,.'

( , .. ---.-~ .... - .. J

2 1

1 -

2

=2

,

lim (,.,/ -2- · ~-.2-. -U2·" ~'! -2)

n-"",

"

. (1)"

1 - ..

. -, c-( . .... ?, --- J

.2 1-_1- ~

2

=Hm2 =2..

1 " n

58. i m -2 .. 11- = o.

111->00>

.-' n 2

i) ~-- .--<::: . ;

211: n-l

1" fi

lm·· =0

II .... D<l2,11 •

59.

2-

) l m . _.- = fI

II ..... "'" n I

cv ft () <) ." . 4· .~

fJ-PJ 0 Z _..... ~ . &~ --- ~ Tl 1 " _'.. ~ Cr

~"i /'J -==::-----,.- - - • _. q -.:.:.".:.! lfI- 1 m -,

n! 1 2 n n I:l-~ n

. 2n hm-= 0

~_w 111 •

" n~-

60. l i m - .-. = 0 (a~ 1) ..

r;:_ .... 01'1

J9··

l' n'· 1 .

1 m - .. = 1 r,l

11:-'" c" II--+-=

1 0

._._-- =

n1"J:·n-k •

(2)~h=]U1,

t/ 11 4"

o -=-=:: .. = ~ -=-:.:: . ---- --

aPl all n:.:l (a - 1) 2 '

"Wi

4-n

" ( . )- .~ -,.. {) .. J~ l!.L ,

n- (1-1 ~

t' n

1111- - 0 ~ ,

I'l~''''' 0.'1

alJ

61. lim -= 0 •

~_..<.<.- fit

iCE 4-!~ f-t; ~{£ i"1 _.~* T 2 1 a 1 Mr ~ ~ f{,. 9!lj ~~1 n~kBt ~ 1=1

o ...c:..·1 a~ .. = ( i g_~ . _L~~~. L~_I.)( .. _L~ ~. r .. ~J_ ... ~lE.l)

r~ 1 I ~ 2 r~ k + 1 k -:I- 2 n

n·

~. a

i i m -= 0

. ..

11-"" n 1

~ !

( 2 ) ~ ~ 1 <::q..r:;:::oB1, RJ 4(- q = - qf, ;itrp O~q'-:: 1, wrw.,

~ n__'cY:lTIij" ~ nqJJ= (-l)rlnq'~-.O;

( 3 ) ~ q ~= 0 ~, n qll = 0 ..

l~, Z , ~ l q i -< 1 at, H m nq" = 0 •

.1

*) ~JJtjQV~!Ii*.

...... ------ -

63 .. linl.~/·-~-=l (a~O) .,

41

liE (1) ~ a = Ut1, tf ~ a?J\ J~.lt ;

(2 )~a::-:-l!tt, lliJ:Y-JCl+t)n:::::=-l+ne (n~l,e>-O), }j!IJili n Jt5}*JG, ~r19! l+ne~u. ~p (l+e)n:>-a~ .~

. ',' .0'

J 1_, ·Iul Hrr f\ - r a -1·J ~ N· n:+ .. _,L,..t:.. _:____.. Ir.t.· .:;.,", ~~

-:, /; ~;v.. 1..,1 = 1 __ ----;- , =-1 n ~~ I-I~, JijIL Uj -~ ar; II

1>1. A @r w. ,

"It. - ;"I r n f' I n . -- -~ ~ I -e: - e

:::.:1 u .:-'='" i. v II'j, .,.,/ a ~ 1 ,

- 1

( 3 ) ~'t. n .--- r-,_--] n:+ ~il[l A II c::...:::; ~ -t3: +t a '-;:;:;.1

< .:: l·· -- ~ •. - - . I-I~J,. " 'f C a t » .,n: '1" •

t .--_. 1

:Ut. ,_ ~ ~I I _

-fr.- ,... ,~-.._}]:1,. .' a - - - . ·,--:.-----1

._- ,,". tJ " I

.... ·a

iZf. :)tilE 1 i m ~/. -n- = 1. .* ~ .£., . ·0(-0; = ~-n-" J)lU

1':1-""

a II ~ 1. Fb 60Mlli AU :,¥ ~* (r~J * \=f j.1l

..

:2.

11_ n ( -)2

U ~ ---~4 c, - 1 ~

HP rE !It jiT :til

_._-- 2

O . 1;;· 1 --- '

--....... n - -----.-- t '-_ .. ,.

....... ' n

-

1· 1', .-

l m '" ~~ , .. - 1

42

$ if tit c> o , mr . a (>- 1 ( G:-:_-"" 1.) , itJ:. #1£!{ = AT (e) , if! ~ n~ IV Jtt, tEl 1f ~:.'-n- -=::0/, ra.tlt -Rf ~ (n~~ N) ,

1 o r r "1

O - ~ .r ---- L'

--=::.. . . . --. c •

n

65 ..

l i m .:_"' ,.., = !

"" ,.. .

".-+ ~.

66 1 i m

•

1

=0.

{

...... ("1-"

(a) 100 n + 2 o O!JX; 0 . 01 n 2 t; (B)lOOO~~nl f ,

., .

1000

( "") ~ ~r l i n :$ )

U ).:t i m ----- .. , = 0

. ~ 2~ ,

IJ-<Q

4J

~ n 1E*::k$,t, 2"~ n 100 Clj.:@10

( ) IT.f..l..f- 1 + i ooo' - 0 •• , fi}; ~~~

B V-"'~ _Fj 1 ill . ..- ,r, 1 t"A ,

II-~ nt

~ n JE7tj(IH, n t tsCl 000" )c~~ • • ) fljm601iW-J~. oj

.*) :f1Jm61M[ft'~~~.

68. liE Iffl

,

.:~J:§ 1'11i m -- -- __ 1 -.--~. = 0, J9f Vl·, 11;_= ,.,J 2n+ 1

.) flJJH lo~l¥Jtfi* ~

69 .. YEJlJl~J~

~ -~ iftJ ifl JJ~ tt~, Ji- L 1J 1f W- ~ TITi ~ ~~ .. y II ~-" ( 1 + ! - Y' I· 1 (n = 1,

2, ioU)

~.~d~~,~~~~~. ~~.m~~.~~*~ B'~t&~: .

, 1 ' Pi ' 1 ):n+ 1

lim( 1 + -) = lim( 1 +- =e.

11_= n :11 ...... = n

44

1 1

• CJ<_ .- -1_ •• ~...J_ ~

I I]~. -~ ,~

11 1l

l( 1\] }\( ?).

= 2 + - 1 - - ) + -_.( 1 - -) 1 - _-L -+. ~-

2~ n, 3!\ n . 11-

1 -- 1 )( ? -, (. k - I )

+ kl\ I - n . I - -;- )+.. 1 - ---n~·~- + ...

+ n\ ( 1 ~ ! )( I ,- ~- ) ••• ( 1 ~ - ~~-!_ ) ~

;It ~ 4ij ~ lJi $ .J.] ,IE ~ ~ n JI »0 B1, ~ m ~t ~ tS lJij Il :tI ~, ffi _Ii 4i--1'fflm J*l atf ~ 1~ ~ fI "*, f!Jf ~ ~ -'.:Vd ,X. (n = ] ,2 ,~ .• ) If-'. iMfI·bll •

.x ~ k -. o fli (1 k - 1 x). ~·I -L 1

..... ----- ..... .... ......-- ._....:.....__ k ~.- .. -- -

~ n . ~ I .).t~ l '

~ ...

= 2 + ( I - - - ~- ... )-< 3

, 2"'~1 '

lliJiP~?itJ x1l (n = 1. ,2 t U~) .t..1fif W ..

W nt, ~{IJ~l ~~~( 1 + ! Y't-ft£, Pl e ~Z.

4'

~!Il

" n . ~ ( n \ II '1 ~ - 1

~ .-._.- .) - -- .. _-) .-.~ . - !t

< n+1' n~l· n

. p ., 'I . ~1 + 1 ) 11 - 1

il!J;!P I. . --~:-.-, ::~. ( '-- ,JW ~ ~

\ n-l! \ n

( 1)"'. l' '10 H

\ 1 + --.- .---- ==- \( 1 +- --) ,

\ n - 1 H ..

t~en .Y~-] ---- y~ .. V-lffiL ~~J s, (n =T, 2; ... ) lp. iJIi~ j-". Xil,}

( 1 \" ( ) -, 1

v" = 1 -+ - t· 1 + --_):=-> 1 + Ii .. - == 2 ,

,v. -, 11.'. n n.

~ . I :

" .

lil Jlt J ~ iiJ illl i m ( 1 + - ~ . r ; l ·ft b:, 1l

._...,., .

, 1 )~;l 1 -, n, 1 )

1 i m ( 1 + - ~ It m ( 1 --t- -) • ( 1. + .--

1'1-""" n . 11 ..... = ~ 11·' \ n

{ 1 . '1' ( 1

= It m \ 1 + -~ .. ) · 1 i m 1 -f· -- ) == c •

II_X- .d, ,,_O-J n

( 1)" 3

o -~'] - 1 -+ ,_- ...:;:::::- (n =] 2 .... )

n n ." •

46

~/J\TO. 0011

irE frJ ffl69 1m;m ~a * m

1 \~ ( 1 )~~1

/0 -« 1 + -) -:::::::e..:::: 1 + --- ...

V n r~'

1 < jt ( 1 )t'l1- l ( 1 . 1'J

IW 0 -0:::: C - ( 1 -f- -) -<: 1 + - - 1. + -)

• n Inn '

( 1 ' I;i 1· 1, 1 '~( J ) Il,_"" ( 1· l

"ffif 1 + n ) ~ ( 1 + --~ -) = 1 + ~ l 1 + .-;- ) - 1 J

-

( I . It 3

O~e~ 1 + -.-- \ -c::::::-

fi ) n ..

( ] \~ 3

;tt (j( , ~ e - 1 +.. ) -=:.: 0 • 00 I ~ It ~-. ~:.:;; O. 001 s

fl .. , n

. . 1 .•

ifJ B ~Ji, :ttlJ\~( 1 + n) -~It e z~1.tt/jvrO.OOl.

71. m PI! (n= I, 2,·u). ~~T + oG JWtE~.9JJ, ;nj s, (n

= 1, 2, H.) j).lt!.-y. --.- DOtmfl~~1JJ. >1tliE

I" ( 1 )P.'~ I' ( + 1 )q~

i m 1 +- = i m 1 - =ce ,

__ 00. Pfl ft-...., q"

liE 4(k,,= [PnJ, epk~~p .. tYJ~~$?t, mIJk~<Pfl~A\,+ 1. W"]! p~-~ + co 1 tiX ktt-~ + 00. j). fij .m'~( 1 + k~ )k:, -.~ e

41

1 _ 1 1

- -,..-::>-- .. -_._.

ktl s>: Pll kll+ 1 '

.,' 1 . ,~ I'l -:- 1

l i m ] 1. +t.) =13,

f. ..... ". ,kn .

_ I 1 )hl~ . ( 1) hn + 1

1 J itt \, 1 --;- I" -_J. - = 11 m -, J + k

I:_'~' ' - r. --, 1 1'l-> _ '. ,,+ 1

1 ' - 1

~ ( 1 + kfl + 1.) ~ c ,

;

1," 1 ')Ptt

lin ~ 1. + -_. . = c ..

r. ..... <I) • p ~ .

( ] , " - 1·- h (P-p

• ~. \ ~J .~. ..... " 1 ~ n ~ tJ

11 m 1"1- - J =.-= hill ( 1 ~ - ) = II m rl.)

11-000 \. qr1, . lI-oe PlI II ..... .,. ' Ptt. -. 1

. .

72. ej~rl

. 1 ~

I i n~ ( 1 -+. _.::.._) :....::; e ,

11__ n

48

, .n tn

~ r 1 .\ tl 1 ( . 1)· - 1 ( 1 .:

'::1:- I=J::t -'j.J X = ( 1 + ~) =: 2 + _ .. - 1 - _. + -- 1 - -- \

iIIJ:; V'I . II \ n ' 2 1 n .3 t n )

( 2) 1·' '1\("'·'2\ (. k-l)

1 ~ - + k-{ 1 - - 1 1 - -" , " , 1 - - ----.--- -]-

. ti I \ 11 ! j~ , n

l( 1'( 2)' n-1)

... + - 1 ~ - ) 1 ~ - .... ( 1 - --- -- ,

fil . n n, n

. . ,. . 1 . 1)' 1 ( 1 ) ( 2 ' 1

x :::---"2 + -·l ! _.- . -- +. -:-. ] - - ~ 1 - ~ ) + ~ .. + --

It ~ ! < n . 3 i -, n . " ~1 ( {~ 1

, ( 1 - ~ ) ( 1 - ~ ) ••• ( 1 _ r~ __ ~_ .'1 .) ~

~~n.~~~, ~k~M~* •• , ~

e>~2 + ..1_+ l+ ... + _l_

~ 21 31 k~·

~~~~_~~ft~O~~kW~~, ~~, :2 +l+ _L+ ~ .. + l<;e

21 31 nl·

49

.. 1 1 1 )

hm(1+1+~+-. + ... +- =e •

'II__' 2 ! 3! nt,

O..c:o ' - 0J = . 1 .. -+- __ ._1 _._ .. , + . n + .l_ ._._

~ T p)J ~ - ( n + 1) l ' ( n + 2) t (n + m) 1.

= (,,11)! {I -+- ti}:i + ...

{ ·1 1 .c 1 }

.. J + n+ 2 +- (n +-2):~ + .... +-(,,·+2YiiJ-T

«n+l)!{l+i!lZ+ (n+2)'- + ... }

1

........

(n+ 1) 1

,

n+l

11+2

(n-F 1) 2, •

50

IlP

1 lIOn

lbiffri e=l+l+~+-+h.+-+~. (1)

21 31 tq np1

r1ffi~lfi07\: (1) tt1t:e,~;z'1&.JtjlO-5. tl:ro-@tliifl 5E~1~f~Zlft Tt, ;t~~~J!-1i1iJfjJlg Ilk u== 3., :(£i~s3: ( 1 ) ~ (J9*~B~/J\"T

~.!_....::::o. 0000031 , 8!8

m~#~BM, ~*~mm_oo~~~®*~Tm.~ €ro~1to ~llt, 1« n=B tt~z" ;M;t;;:, if~~~ It • :HJ.-lJIt H1 1rj if A .~ ~ , ~l.J ~ liE e rili i!ffJ JlJ 10-, ~, ~ 1r11± it ~~-~~1· ~ i-rJf-:¥tJ~i\mJJ,~~J~&t!Y1r1iA~J£~~,

2~OOOOOO

1

~=O 500000

2 t •

1

3t = O. 166667 ( _. )

1 .

51 = 0 .. 003333 ( -{-)

51

J: - . -"~ 0. (10 't 3" 9

( _.J .. ( .1 ......

I!

.

. ( - )

1 9-

71 = {J. OOtH 0

c+)

_l_ = 0 000025

8l ~

......... -- .. -.-" .--.--~.

2 .. 718279

(-)

f§1fij,.~e-1t-r 2.7182771t2.718283 ;t I);JJ, 1fr ~ ,

e= 2 .. 71828 + 0.00001. 13 .. iiE@J31i: e )l) :7G:afltt.

m gfie~~ •• ~, ~~~~~n~%~

n

~~.= 2 +l+,J .. + .. ~ +.1..+ ~ (O~(j.s-<l) ~

tJ 2 1 3 In! f'l 1 n

l!: ~ 3t yJ;J)!jM rnJ ~ tI. n I; ~ ifJ tIP ·itt- :H s: _;re ~ fl , ITil ts •

• ...............VV"o..

~ If §ttjJU ~ J.r· 5t It 5_, 1J:t:lA 11 Jf Rf t¥J.. JW ~ fi e 1) JIi

..,..._..._, ...... ~ ...... ,_-~ ....,..,._. ............................... ......-..,.r-.._ 1Z

J!!~.

74. i!Ef!J1 /f-.:~A

52

11-1

,M. Iflj E i u i ~-; (n - 1) In ~, (n - 1 ) 1

i.:O l

.. ( U )TT-l

~ T ·

.. n ' II (n )111

n I ~ 2 ( ~.) -<(? ... s: ,.

-, 2 -, ~

( n . :01

MilE ._ .) <~ I •

e

1 11-1

(1 + .. _) "

X n"" 'n-1

--~ ... = --.- .- .-~.. . ... -=-~ -... - ... _ -<n

X ,,_ 1 (n - J ) 1t- 1 e e •

.x X

IIJ' ~ X . 2 11" •• -- -1 t

..".~- 1 .-~ •• ~-~ ... ·-1 ~.

Xl Xtl-1

'5'

O ....,.-' . j i ~ ( 1 _J~ _L) -< I

-_ J.. l. -, ,

n

-q!r

( 1 , ]

~ _j_---

I, t 1. r ,.,-- • - - ~ •

,. n) n -:. 1.

1 (1) 1

__ . I _ __, .........

--7i ~- 1 -~- 1 n 1.- 11 -- -- n •

(6) (! -+-xrt~~., .l+nx (./::.-=-0, n7J,IEt~if&) ..

it a ~ JE l' f JJfJ ~ : a ~~ . p_ ~ p, q JJ: IE ~ f{ 01 ~1l] lE _: j~ e>q

~ r a )9H~= yg~I;:~ (~tO) at·U~ii.p}]m1289,m (3.) • .]$" :RiiE

1

1 i In n (a '. - 1 ) = 1 f! a «('F~ 0 ) t

itrj·l Ina ~~ c = 2 .. 718 ... ·1tJ~nf~ a B'1xt~.

1

if. .1'Gi2:a:>-l.·i> bn=a~--l,..m~ b)t">-O,

54

(~ ) I b; .

n (j ~ 1 = n a -- -, -_.- - ---

·In(l+b,) •

F-il J: btt~··"o, Mrff:(+:_1Eff~lV, f!f! ~n>-Nat, O<:bJT-<l. T1L~ X)J1ij;1' «-:«, ff:1'£UfE--- iE_#&: kll, ~ --k l!··--i--:'c

>tl -

.'

b - 1

11-:--- kl! ..

1 / 1 \ 1

- , . -<:: 11~ ( 1 + - r =::::: - ( n = 1 , 2,. ~ .. ~ ) ,

nT 1 \ n, n

b, k1l.+2

~ - - - ... - . . --------'---

In(l+bll) k.

1

Ii m n( a;- - 1 ) = 1 n a.

ft-OQ

55

..1 ) ,1 • ((. 1 \ 1. \

1 j m n ( {) ~ - 1 =: 1 i m ( - a 1'1 ). n .- r - 1 )

f;j ..... "" / JI:_W a

1

= -lu-=. i~Ja

a ~

1

~ a = Ut?, u tn 12 ( Q.;I· -1) = hl{) .52 ~.It=-lL, t&JEl: ~ xi

~_[.oO

{f ins a::;:- 0 Jfl.. fL , iiF.!P ..

~m*~ •• WH~~~.~~.m~~~~w, ~oo

I

l;1-·F *~ 9U f8 t& ~ I~ :

:it tf1 p.. (i = 0, i , 2 • ., .• ) * .:IF :fit ~J ~ ~ ~ 1J... .p 1 !t£~,:* -=r-9 t

iiE X I I ] :.= X II + 1 ~~* ; a( f P n i- 1 > 0 , .@f J;A ,

= I. ~ 2 ~ • • .) ~ ff :'If lt9 • mW.m*.~WH~~~~W~.~~~~~., W ~~1IJ {x.} ~Jlj.:~(l~ ~

10 11 tl + 9

78. X"::;;;; • .~ ... --~

~ n T -3~ 2 n - 1 •

Sf)

If ~ n~lO TI>t, 1i~{.x\J.i21i1:tm.;. {It.:§' n~lO,'U<t, m_!:l±9 --<1 rifW:31tl{XP1}1f!iJM~P ~ it~·fl~!I- x~~ 0 2n-1

(n=l, 2., •• ~) .relffij~ ~7ti{X~}t&fi(.

79. xft=(],- -i- ){l ~ ! ).~.( 1.--- 2~ ).

,

~. i

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i.iE m1x~ ! l = x,» ll-~·-i;+· .: -.c;::X1U JYT~.C, ~91J {Xn}~.

If! iPd~ p au ·

Jl. E§ 0 ----.:: X PI ~:;::] ~ @i l~l ~ a& YiJ { x fJ ~;ff ff ~ ~. ~ rm { .,1(.} r&

~.

80. x. = ( 1 -4- ~ ) ( 1 + ,! ) .. t ( I + 2.~ ).

~ I=t;:t x = x . (1 .J.. _. --_.!_ _. -) ~ x r;t;r t"l bT1 Efl {x } ~ M

"" _~ Itl·l 1'1 ~ 21lJd 1'I".:'IIt:A,f);I"o.7~. 11 )Q3-!f'-

..

. . " "

:X ~ = ~/ ~ -::.~~? 2-~t-~-~~"+-~ 2·' t· .. II

. ......__ --.--'~ - ._-_____/

r~~mtt:~%

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¥

!Jm O~a~xl" ff~ e>-O, :fft£3E~~ N~l .f! N--:::a

+e ~ {_ffriJIE~~ n·~N ~1U' -1<11 n = qN + r u~:w. A, ;It 1ft q J1 IEmf(, r '-1 /j\--p 1V ug.:1Fift!lfl (O~r~lV).

88

lJGirJff

XA = X'l.VH'5::-;'X (>;l-ll.v+ X~V+ Xt.~X ("11-2.) s + Xl{ + +XH+ X,~ ..... ~qXN+X{~qxN+rXI

~qX.,; + J.V Xl'

lA 1fij

-.-XII hm~~a+e,

~ ...... <.<> n

'~

+ X:II - ~-.- - j{ 11

l i m- -_._= hm---,

_-- n n

f,I ....... OO tI: .... ~

~Jlt, lim~#;ffi13-~~

:111--0= n .

-iiEtl; ~+;

m& liEf! .. 1N}i!lj m·_X~-~#t[, mtl*Y~{~}3!P1-J~p.;§'

:11_.0 n n

-t-.A.\ a ~ b.. ~Wiii a-cb , Fll-:P (iiEf!-- rp B iiE)

til O~a~b ~C Xl. mm.t.tjE)!., ff::a:{XII}i$Wi-t-fJ¥ J~ {x H t } q { X rot i } , fl!

89

t XUi

i rn _. ·:.=a

n· '

i ..... = t

>t

I' m. ~

i m .:» ~--: O ,

. ;-'-""' m;

f£~ £>-0, tbff. ~tiE~~io> 1; fJ!

x «.

-- ..• '.Q- -<:: C1 -+ E? • n·

!o

b . xmi

= lu]1---- ~a +e.

0-"'" m ~

Ell e ~ 0 fm ff ~ ¥£ J HP m b ~ a, lit Lj a -<:.b *' J~ . iiF. '* .

138. "liE~: ~~?iJJXIJ (n=i l , 2, .... ) ®:~; mO~:*:V-jSJfH

M~:1lJ

,~._ ~ (xJ+X2.+u.+x") (n=-·l, 2,. ... ) iJ£i&fl,iI.

lim ~";;'l+X2.+ ••• +xlI

,,-~ n

=1imx

i . " •

;II-~

Biz, m~~i-t;/F1i, ~~] t}.(JYjZ. liE 4 s 11 = X 1 + X 2 + ~ H + x., W~

90

~!_==~v_ +~~=~!.. =._SN +XN~ 1 +X.v~2+_~~~~±~XII

n n n n n-N

.(l-~).

n

IF -~. N , ft ~ 11 >- N JI'1,. I x II - a I -::: s ~ ap x N + 1, X.Y "7 2. ,

~ .. ~ E (G-£, o+e) . m J1tit1f~.:'l.; 1 +XN+2+ .... + x" n-N

tI!~ff (a-e, a+e) ZJ*J~ l!P

I· ~- ~ a lr ~ l SN I + I a I + ( I <11 + I a I) !Y_.

n n n

J:i=i "'1'_::1 S II

lB1'3 - .. _-- - a <3e

11 •

1" s;

lm- -0 ~ 1

,,_"'" n

91

. X1 +X2+···+XIl 1~ _

Ii m --- -_. --_._- .... -_ = 1) ~nxr. = (I.

It_)¢ n P1->""

18 fZ~l~~. ~Jj(U4R:Ju.'/ ~ = (-l)n 11 ~LXf>tts, {8J!®tJ~

_ SO, l:f n ~ 1~ ~ ~ ~~ - l ~ l ::!t: n ·~h~·*tr

l r.I' 1-=-1 /'J PJ :~~ ,

(n=l 2 u.)

_. ~

ti~ ~!&: ~ (fL.

139. '~~: ~

lint:, ~ ~....:..:: 4- ()O ,

11. ...... :-Q

• X 1 + X:: + 0 •• + X 1J ,._

Ii m .- . - - -. . .--.---- --. --- + .:::>0 •

1':1-"'" . f.l.

liE

IF-%N .. ~~ f1>-~V~t ,. X'I>-3_lv/. Jtt~, ifi 1"38 II Z iJI,tf

----v

_-.! ,

1 1\' 1

-~~~

n 2"

S ,.~ I X + +x

lim .-~ = lim_:-.·~.L~.--.~ ._ .. ~~~, . ~-.~_ = .J- OQ

• •

.-= n '"' ..... ~ n

:n: ....... ,;.

_!_ ( I nX -I- h x + ... + 1 nX r~ )

1+ ~ I" n 1 2.

i m _"::',.: X_('O ... X :=. 1 ill C

...,. 1 2. 11

~ ......... ~ n ...... ca

lila

=e =a=limx

11 •

liml (- l11X 1 -lux a - ~H ~ JnxJ!) === +- 00,

,. ...... = n

1

. ._ _ -;,- ( - 1 n,X I - bq:':J; - ++. - hXJ~)

1 11 . . l " r ..

I m .... ./ X]:X 2 • H X.", ==. .. 1 m e

ti: ....... :,,'1.,'1 I!' ..... :':..;

..=:O=limx

~ ..

141. ii£tm: 11f ~:t.:>-O (n= 1, 2, .u) ..Ii limXK+~ fftf, m!1

:II_(,o,l. XI:.

I" 11 .~-. I· x tl r, 1

1 m i .-,? = 1 Lll .----.-.-

_ _ ..r .. tt: ..

I't--....... p:t.....,....... lit

Hmill ;ff{F., if.t~ a .. fljJfj 140JlHI9!a* ilJ~

....... ""

.. 1_ .

U m (y 1 J' 2 ••• y 1\_ 1 ) tl-l = a •

lim ,,'! ~ = 1 i m il /-~---':;. ·x-;· --x 3· ._._-x,.-'

·V X" ......... ..( l - __ . _. • • • . - - .- .

• _.,e.<> ~-'"'" X 1 X 2. X'I_ 1

:'l - l

=lirnv'x~r(Y~Y2.4."Y"",_i)oi_.\ .J) .... -

:tI! ..... -.~ ".

= 1 . a:::;::: a = 1 j m _~:X" '_!_- .•

~-~ Xn

] j m ~jl-~-· .-, =..;, e .. ....; "1

143. iiEl!1J: ;fi

(a) y"l.l~,)'" (n=l, 2,. ... )~

94

/It t J_' ': I ' x ~ -+- 1 - X n _ , r h,LI,.. 4+: ~ --g. 2:J I Y +

II-X.AE 1 m . --_._.- . - _.. a. J-l.1 JJ.L.' 7r u: .hl- j:::~ II ---.- ex) ,..

1l_<.>O Y1i ~ 1 - Yn

1-;:::-- :i:-aj-=-; (lLy,>O).

T;t%:t}~ (~n~NfM")

Xp;.} 2 - XN .; ~ YXf.2 -,N-+l '

':xN+3-XJ1+2. YN + 8 -~N + 2.'

x; - X;!I-l X.+_.L-X~

-y~ - Y"""-~·l-' Yfl ~ 1 - Y1J

~~~tE (a- ~ , a + ~-)~zr~. fbl)) Y.+~~Y.~ Err· W,~®*.~*q~~~., T~m

,s

....:;:: ( a + ~ ) ( Y,Y 1- 3 - Y X -! z) ,

...

... A- II- to .

e

(a - -.~ .) (Y1i +- 1 - Y.¥ -I- 1) -<.Xrt, 1 - Xy + 1

liP wr W. , ~ n:s- N !11, fii.:ff

I-XJI t- ~-=. X:"T-1. (.-a 1 ~~ ..

y r: ~ 1 - Y Jot -I 1 I ....

( x, ~ x ~~ -!- 1 )

~ --- --,--- - u ,

Yn - Y _V " l

_"V 11

e <::---

2 •

x, I

~- -G -c=::::.e"

y"

I . X 1'1 _~. _., 1 . xn I t ~ X ~

lm-- G-- , m· -.- .. _. _._-._-

•

~ y ..,r __ y

,,-~ n I'l- .... ~'. ~: 1 11

l' x,. 1 - XI': : ,. I ill - --_.- . ----.-- =-=- ~r c':)

t._'" Y:III+ 1 - YfI.

1· x ; ]' Xtr..,--\'"rr

1m .. ~ .. -.= lIn .-

r. ... ":71 Y rI ~""';"Q)';"!: i 1 -- .... "!.,~ n

2

144.. * ( a) u n: ~ (c -_':.p- j) ;

:rl-«> a

( 6) lim_lgn •

:tI-~ n

(a)-U1- eo;- -t· 2

l:X.. ....... ~ - ~ ~

97

t 7 2

X"+l -xl'l - - 0

. . . . .. - - --' . --" _." .. ,

r .' 11( 1)

YI1' 1 -)-11 a a-

. 2n -i- J.

Ilm----=O

III ..... ro alll- ,

I" X1l+1-:(jI

1m .-.---- ... =0

~~., y ~ + 1 - Y fI

1" x, 0

lm- =;:= ~

I!:-~ :Y.

-ep-

( 6) i1 X ~ "'" 1 g n ~ y ~ = n ..

~tU ..v ~ t 1 :::-~ .Y ~)' y ~ .. -.~ + ()C ~ JJ. f-J

x, - 1 - X ~ _. 1 cr ( + _l_)

. - -.- -- .~; 1 ~O ~

\' - Jj n

r n ,. I PI!

tb:

B: 14 3 fJJHj'~ #:IT m Jpf, _:P 0 . S ! a 1 z.. ~ y" = rl E J", 1p E trft

. "OOU

/1. L. Cauchy FlfiiEtm. lEt!W*J~ RlT~ ~ - mB~~

co

98

X~=Xl+X2+·"·+X"9 y~=n,.

1 i m/" = lim _x L± x z + _ _:_:_~. + X rl == ~ i m x~ __

~r. I

._<.00 11:_= n 11-~ YJt

, ,

1- Xll!J-Xn. I" J.

== l nl-· - -- . . .. - = l m x I 1 = ) m x :

I , ft . .. ..

~- -, e- YII-+ J - )'11· Pl-"" 11_:..0

P+l"

iiE {a)~XPl=lt+2~+·"+n~, YII=n~,·I, mu Y II·~ 1 ::- Y tI t Y It ---.. + 00 ~ .fI.. fl'"

XII '_L~_ XII =::. (n+ l)~

Yrl . 1 - y~ (n·+ -J) P . 1·-~_ n"P~·-i·

(n + 1)'

_.- - _" _. - - .- _. ._" ..

(P+ 1 )11"+ .u

, ] \1-

(1+--;-) 1

=-----_ ... - -- -~.------

1 ' p+ ;

_p + 1 + 0 ( n-') 1

I i ru _ x~. = I i m _ _l ~.j-~_~t. _" ". ± n ~ _ = 1_ ...

/'." 1 p+.

1:1_.' Y fI. ~-= 1'1 1

«()) 4?- :1.',,=( p+ 1)(11'+ 2t'+ U·+fi~)-ntH, YIl=(p+i)nP,

ff!U _" II + 1 ~ Y II , Y jt -~ + co , Ji 1f

99