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t~91 If vA( use« ~ ~'(. " -lnj,Mie uri' tw:Y ~.,,:

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,.j .t.j.. 6o;x!r:x;,~

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Call DllrllJtio~ '" 3f1ll!l .~. 10,(15 hi .

a) Ifthee: ... er male~oll>t ,3 .• m~ll1Jt.e caIl ,!!lver)' day ---

Aver:age, bamery life"" . -

avg. For 1 ca!1J6 nrs .=: 220.75 mA,.,tur l00liJrn~ ·br ~, _., '"n,

" . 220 'J:)m a' fir . c-' -.-

A veIage. ~.Ife I;;: _ .. - - "" 17.18, l'I.r

If tnlt. u~",rrnm.cs 1 call ~ ... eryhCttH_"" _!\ver;age: Ib!ltw:ry ~H~ ~

1,/0

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L ,.CTU; ,et

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1 OQfJ 0lI ,;1, . hr· 2:50'mi\

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id.le;:; hnA y.'aK'e-lJp ::: .5" rn.A transceiver : IDA

A vefage 'barlcry life =

In order t(l C\!ltrifytbe inHlUmce Oif the d;uratio!l ofthese ~riQds (iine, wake-up, and transceiver), ]t:Ji us wnile the u!?~es5i(Jl"l fm 1. hour:

.1 Tc·,hmlr reall

1 lw·,il.our wak,e-up mode I T ·hOller idle lTIode

So we can write:

] A,ItiJj:

tifT;; xo.25A." Nx''''' x OJ)35A + (N(! ~'r'lr) - T;)(),Q.(n}

N ;;; Ii of cycle . s (idle-wah:-up" pe:r hour

N=3

CYcU i.dk-wBJ.;.i!-li."P'· j

7(1.

for i ",1 ~U)O x{i)~1'{(ti/lOOl~(S7/6D)*O.DD5)+({(1~D_il!lDOI~(S7/S01~O.D01~+fD.25~j/60J~

J; end

plot {x .• -0" ) .~

for J;;;l ~ !>C,on

y(j)=fl!frlj/lDOI~l35'j~Q]·O.OD5~~{f(lDD~j}!lDO)·[JS'!6DJ.O.0011.{D_25*3/~ 6,C1} ) » "',6.~

fimd,

plot.ty) ;

hold QI1~

fQ!:, Il::,,'~ ~ 1,00 ~(k)~(1/(({k/lDDI~C1431/60).O.005).(([lOO_k)'100}*(1437/6DI~O.~D11.(O.25~~ ]/60) ]} ~24;

erl,j,

~.li ot {z:, '"I"' ) ;

xlabel~' '~ty Cycle,' I"

::11 abe 1 (' gat te!:t'¥ Li h Time' I,

r;it10 ('Ba1l;:tery lHe v~ :tnuty Cycle');

01"

\J ... { 1, 0.25A + DO.035A + ~ 1- D -T .. ]O.oOl}-l hour.;

In Iln~' ng~l'~ em piOl~~ J'a .. WI! eae sec 'ltl::' curve lm b~,H.e:FY Hfe ~ d~!~~' c'~de ~'I)<T am,:; ~ iulil- taLlld;;!y .fDiur 3 :m.in. c~!bjd.a~' • and 2A '3 min, ca.1I,s{d:a),.

We iJosewe that ssnce tile pow~r req;uiroo hythe phone during a ,call l:!i mudl hi~hi~.'i' ('25{1mA) than dllln:ne: .ld~c811ld "",ak·::;·up states, the lbaDlicryhfe is :t.e,duceJ dra:.m:anc.aHy.

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1900 Mat ,I P >.: '''' "'''' ~

,(PC.'5.)- I

,! mtl];dl"""."""j$m~L~(im!h I 36.htm '

Exam;ple.sl)f pes: ,;t::arnb,rds culled tFom,hfim.ewo-d. tamed ~11 by sevenl.EE(i644 studellts, Sprmg·97.,

j

Xi'ng H'L1SUb:

!'~"'" ~r~~, -!AA~"""CDM'" Sf11~~,r<:lt Coo:u=i!;.lJ:iill!ii; J~ CO""""""'\=:i,,"",, M.,g,Q;:. (),;:oobt:orl~p-p.,II:U!li'~1,~.

P" ~'Q!iee , c:ml'!!lel)

'hIurH..,,- ,GiN .eq.mJt;e:llrnAWf! l!.1tp:llwww,Gkcl,.t;"QrnfIWalltlUl b"!w;Uww"",smi!lJ;;ys,Qi;)_IlI:klslt:t.ilihs~M~.c_m: b~_tp;fI'i'fWw,~milnsY;;tSQ·\ltbmi!htr;;J!~

,,__---- ~ . --".-

· .. T----. " r -.----:----~

t Grwp Z I 6/V1wp;; 6,)o~ 4-

. I 1- I I

X

-~---~'1__, --_ ............ - --.;....-

CreJli.l wr D;:eII~: 1

;,11 -1~~~1- ... ;-' ~X_· __,_~.,,;_X-. ,....._,~ .. ]

&JI2-'/5 pj..$lJe

G'r'llI;ip J '

,-,7''''j' .

t;1'7J1".rJ) 2 .j

G'7 5·"

=r 4-:

Jl1Ala~, ,IwJe Ilfto: 1!'if?hJ5

LO'w JrH-....e.r j heAl o....et{ ~¥'St!?h:i!"

low ~ J w/rle cueP Sjs~. HiJh sfeed j' local tvf[P. 1Jt~ L

x x

~'=~_'-~-

X X

I . ,,/ ; . ..- - -'---- .-~--.-~-;-

a- Sfr1' I F.' X . ./

--------4-~----i-··· - -.--- .. -.~.-~--.~-.-.-.-(:\ .

J." .

1/r17-1fJO0 ~ X I ; X . X :

----_~~-- -+.---~--=---;--,' -~. -~---.- ... -- . "

"

f. I v."; . I

! ~ / "- j . :

- -" .~- ~- ~- -~.-"'" -_~_II-L __ ..... _- .or ', . ...... ~

AM?S

15- '5

PAcS

x

0' _ •• ao=-_ ~ ••

._ .• _. "_" --- ..• j

x

x

-~ --~.-_----.

'/. nj It p:5 t<r tcu!.k oj tAr:sc C»jAAi:a:.ti(fF!5 to +r ',lv'Nt/.

Cv4 n) te:rI)!J:!t ~ 5tM.da.r.:/s, fiG::. ~' tlY:e +-r ~

K-Jt1 dtrfJr..t wrra{p..s stMA'tvd5 rry tkjfrm..t !Pr:tS '1 t/~ ~:J v5 ~ we eM ~ ~ .~~'e ()Vld d<WMV"j',e

¢ . .f I'~ StA4dui 61/ ~ , .. i"' Ltl.... ~ ~ - c'.) • ". ..,Ii' -. .. .

.J _j } / . ~ ~bt're-'

13

/..! '1 G,.,.t '" d

NA'f oj ,t/l£J.e s~d(ftld6 y~ r=: ,M-o~ryi"~ 5t~~ ",seve (m~ CQJri(J!, b'.yti IrMt, ,W'< aIivan.ttje m' /7IflA«rtfPV; €ff~JAt ,- But ,eke Ys~!rolI~n ,wAtn ,ct !fGffi'~ 5t~ ,CVJ..d rJlJ~.t. j'1~Cr:e,s are w.d r#-)

dtlrV1 rs oj th Jrltrid, A sp.(;scn'kr /YIIl nJ jvQrk J Mwrt, ~ tAt 'tYierl' . rk rbkffl 'v.6 H)f; ,Cntiitr<ic/ ML/ ,isA.wrd ~ S olH. wJ« ~ A ?W!/l-fJl"J,:i,{

Sf/JAttrvt!i-5 ~itd +

I~}o! rk t)'v;erdi oJ-leai'm Q,I.t- IftiT-- ¢;.,(jfj{) r;.re to ! .. '7V.V/~'

, ,J J ~ ,

aU servit~ j&l£r,.JI, cwafWletlrp,A ~ f'X&lI1dfr~ (fJ ,NTf·ce. 1M ard dab) t.o ttwbl1e ~lfst~ - It is, ~teN/&/ to r= t/f..U.-.f 5'erv<'(% m"C.r a i'VYd€ "~e oj ,U~ I;/el)'-

Sit'fYJ 04d Je:Jl:'!f:hic C~"'5( (V&t.!. 6dts Mill-Wl cl.!? ,t-l,rJde :/stgp· a;-.e ,-,:o~ed tv (1./<0' r: tit; m1elii_jerJ: /1U!;,,~k, t-itAu- )trJ(Eli ,,7 tn.;.6/I.e r-t'a t~tha/ ~ St1.ldtde tin/<s t.t.sV:J ctf (&~t jew- ivds "j c¥tdu fntejN e

( Al ~ R ~, R>~ Ko:.) ,. /J,_c R, ~tc1tt(e ~5 ~, /Y!~;de:

sfr;rt{~,$ 7N. /(1- ?iile1o.C! ~ H?d 6.1 inriaYr' cwd ~tA/,~

r=' .5itLtt·P"-4 (ltM.JSBfr)." rk Ri miv-jeu.:e ~~, ~

by m .. Jde ;ip .. trOrvs ,~ItUlil-('cPi (.4q iJt.ru1Ao. 5e>,1e(ltlte) ,ard

,-, ~

/2{) Qrnt1j_

th 14 =r: it wi 6J rr: Au "d,!1e c,dfo

eM be' cw~tp.d fk:tkr ctfu/~to P5ill (rh'r.: serf/irf!

ie {~.r; .. ,., ... , -.,. Jl&.i,WfJrL. ).'. ",l"l-' .,i."-"'" ~.,.:c" < , I -/", ",c...~ -t' J / __ ~l J' f "

_j !( W r L'"1 tl. tn<)il}1/-t; ";'vq. en - ·.··!tll ,'fU)'lJNe.

5J5t8PJ<5 .("t;t.n k er'liw 6t flA.//~~~ ,w ~itle/;at;_d "

aurrc« 2

S,olu.~ons LU' I'll vo..r'yovtt;("· -f,~€..

Qd Joc.c..f.rC:t1.

Ib

3!J ~.

to jf'nd tit all:

{HAPTER 3

r: N== £2+ lj -tjl.i I we at"l do tk., ftt(J~ 1I.dVf/.J. (0 - d.vwd l~ AI:. srs ,r;j P f.;;N"tit,itt )

J

J!};'KJ

A -l·.,$,) s

17

E;;;am:ple 1:

- " Um J~ ,< -, Jim] 3{, ' '

In ~e~el'dl. rue ,;]v~!1I;ge PO"1;I,'C[,o.f'il',(t) ,'5 P, ,:;;; T' " ._,' u .. lv1 (t)\ at- "11'" ' ~,J. 1'/ VI (t)v, • (nd!

I ---t ,0!5' ~ n . ,L .-'; .~ T -l.l

QT, P, "" (IVII(t)n "" I~V!(I)~i = ("'" (0, '11'1 (I»~

.~ vaI\l1:! Gfitle ~~I;ar product

if !he allow: is: p¢iriGd.ie over !b:; ifll.l.:rvai \.

O!!llid

{Vl~(t).V, (t)) ~ ("'a(t), v~t(t))*

,.,.Iim IX,. ._

(Vj(I);'il2{t))= - _ -L:tI;'I(Ov~ *,(t)d.t.

. - '. T "'4' ~ T- /l

Simil~1]', ifw-e ca.~ a:sswue "1'(1:) lma .... 1(1)~· bam ~rkidk 'I;I;·ith pefiod'To• Wli:n

- ,,'. I T;{ ,

(v I(n), v ~ (n) "" To tf~ . .{'I;"1 (n~'l "'{lJdt

[( th.-l :si~l5 !lfCL!IlcQmlal~d, IDe.1I '1;' I (q T V 2 (1) 11.35 aCOIJci:rtio[]. of

]f il!;g ~igaols; ru'Il uncQrnlil:to:J then i?,;,ui := PI 1" p~ a:ii4 ilt lilaSl oorlc :i;!~1131 t!lWll:u!~3 .~ .meail. There are 0(1 otbel' spc>Cia~ ~of.idiljQns. since jll was stal~g in Ihc problem trW[ tIl,e s~~b are statistically iinde,p"'rnleol A gaussiu proce&S ,is also lISSUID>t1!

Thb;·l:w.m,I;~'Qr:k proble.m. submirltd ,b, .Mark .a/~g:oilil" Ncrtlierll ~'i~liIi,;:l Sit,~ CtM'ln;JC.Il'ireo£l11.i'! GNiJIrQt'e' E~S;lIeering Program, $;'Jrln.g 19,9'7.

If .... J{~) and Vi(t) ::m: UM..,rr,~.Il!'~d ('bul n(),l iIii~~J:iI)' IDde~nd~[H) Il't~ ooflIiilli1!c&a',"~!a,gil: fP(Iiw(J",o;ftl!.,. vg,!uge .wn ~i$,

so.lWO signaloS ,ilia! are ,'!m-;;,;;ri"l'~I~5~d ""'ill h~ve!l rombm~ a,'Ill:rn.g,c: pOIlil'sr Ci;lfllll~ ro the ~wn ~flii.e lrndii, .. id~t powm ii· ;Dtf~r si!1n.alls [!lean 2'iliI'O.

II .sh~!llll be .f:llJlled lh~t~t.H4tic:a!ly il'lCkpi!:.lJI~nI.r,'\i'_,:are lJ.:!l~oJ;l'--eI;l!tcA, ~t IlRQ(H'):i!:!a.~~ r. ~'ji lllily er rilil}' :[JOl .t.=

s~!i~[b:ill~y jlWi~P'=nd~IJ1.t. .

'Tl:iri.! iJiJ'lfiI!:l'o'OTi p .. ",blc:m 1i.wlJmiu~ by JaM lJ'_ D2ii: Commcf.Jlo>~r}; Gr;;;&.-<'tJ\c £'.1lgflli!~/"i<1g f'lrt.>grom', Sprirt/S·

1991. .

. r- '~{'o S - h I.. i

~1~rIi.C ._ ,""'/'''1 ,j

PI

3~4- i (a) 2·0 MHz 1[25 U",z ~.2] "'1(}/) ehannreis (D) 41)() /4 .... 1£)0

3-s-j'I~}iet i: .6.c uk !ttun~ 0tco~~. intef~ celIA;

fw cip.~tH.'-d(lfPAion.ul. ~ ~ ;:;?:.6." AG~I"I ~ 4 "

vvr ~ve 1= r§!i) TJ >15dB::: jJ..6.23--)N>9.,!j1

lQ

{b J .f;rr I:M (; 5e't~ , z"", ~ 2.

f·;;:. cJf!iJ11':> ?/'b~3 ) N) .2.'65-;.'> No;:: 5

~o __

Frv,. (IAL II;)!PI' (0 we eM Set #at u''':} J,h. Si1<1Wj {an m~ tI~ c~·~ & ttfb.,ctur ,oj Z1;~. or IS?J. Aitli.,,/, ""'1 6.' s/Xtut-'j Cit<l",tJ."n"",,;e M. C~""i,

b J tiI[e S<!niej(!.(;/W' , .iI. ",,1I deuazJ< tk fJw,k":!7f"?;""y tI&~fort we ~ .tll( f:LO" Sed~,

W §,ofutN)'n not olt;a'( {~t!~

2. o

a) Cllib are [lot lost due to weak signal oondition during handoW H: distance traveled ,duri~ig handoff' ~ a...;n -dno . ~ .' .. .J...,

. , - ~ 4.v !l~I1~

mohile speed v

* drn~", ~rrecei;led power lit J3S1 reaehes Pr;"..in

(2)

n . - ~?gllog.' (ri '._) __ ,I _ ~ "O-P •. "",,,/2Y - lOCI') m. rrJm'IrT:l"'_' ...... ~. l.ij\HomIn:: _,..- ~m)n - J,. eo- .it, Ck,JI '>

(3)

• dfiO ""> reoci .. ,ed) power :e.t BS1 're.,aches Pr,110

P~.ii9 "" -29kl'&I(i(aJiO) ~ aHO:; 10-f~r9/l" {4}

Using (.2),

(5) (5)

A"" P.,flO - p~.m~" ~ b.? L2dB. (7)

b) If WCWl n too ,Iarye, several unnecessary handoff's .... ·iJlj be requested and performed, ]ncrcflSin;g the sigrmling: trll.ffic betwoon the b!l!9[! ;sta.tio:r.s and rooMIe svdtd:li.iig center (MSC). On the other hsnd,if fj"js too Gm~l. tn.at is, Pr,MO is, o~ly slightly greater tham P",mM;J" there will nat he enough ,t.ime to Ct'J<mp~6t{~ the b.~,I1doff (e:s-peci.aJ~y for high sp~ rna-biles). and ce.11!s ill!!.)' Dii; lost due to week Stgnal f..onroti-QI1.

(Ji? Y' > 51.6.1.~

70

(~) '1. » 31.t.z3

1: t!.

Fm"l rOo) .. (b) ClR-d t c ) • W[ Cp.;r, Se,e t4u us, po Co 5ea~r7 {{Vi ;i.;] etr.M-€ tI~ ~ /ty ,6y 0; fut~Of 12/5 I (1r 4-

Fi»- Jdc/ S&:I:.r~ I ~ r= ;!;. ~d n/?; or 1-711t .

Tkr<.frt! ;ve- ,cAuQ"s.e: tAe 60° Se.c.trr;;,~

d

21

a) <CI;'I:l:tr-Hruti'!iIID ,of co-caaaael basesta~i:o~ UI ~lICh tie'!' to, the tQtal. co,e.~e·J interference received at the mobile" and SIR. a.:t t.ne mobUe

Tile C'ol1t;.ibl.lti1ofl ()f ,eO-cDll!Dngl base matrons ill: t.be t-tb t.i~J to t.he Wl:eJ coch.~flel i[lt-et1er<ellc·e is th£l SUO'I Oir the iliteneTeDe~ si~a.!s from 'cb.oo~ base ,stll~iQOiS, reeeiveo ,at the mobHe

~I

;w "" ~,,', pC,',ll. 1:.-' •. J;:' t .... 1

(:2')

whe.re p;1 is the recll(iived pOl!i€I at me mobUe; trow, the Ir-Itb bB.5$ st;(ltJ.OIl 10 the t4htle-r, g'iV!!!ll, by

p;2 ... p~ (~)" {3)

J~l is t~e dj~t~e B.let~nUle mohiJIe and tb~ k"tb ibilSe ~I)tiom lnl the t:..tfti tier. bli tnasproolem, '~ assusne tbattJiJe IDobiiie is iocatetn at the cell 'boWl:dary {wornt CMe 8hu!J!ti,cm)t, 'where it. receives tbe weakeit de.slred slgll:iitl f:row. its S@.!:'vi:c:,g base, iita:tJon, Figwe.1 :!lho'm: the l~(leli.t:iQi.t:l oJ base Iii t.8ltiollsand the nJlobile, ror duster riz-.e N .;: 3- Taitlles S t.tnrcugb. 7 show the IOaLlion of tb,e c~eha!lnel base :sl;!l:tIoI}S ill tlle irst ItlH,ee tiers .~[)J e!:ust.ez s~es N·"" 1,,3,4 ud 7.

The total il'f~eriefell~ lit t.be tnebile is, tberr,efYl[i1!'."

(4}

'Table 1 sno,w;5, !{~) :oor;rnalized with IV R!'" iQf each tiee, aad ,~thlo8.S\ ,~pOD.ellU :I'l ;; 2', 3. and 4 and dust@l' ~i:z:flS JV e 1, 3, 4,I!I.Ild 7.

'}.,1..

Yl!!,ble l; XlI]w:rfere~ce IN) fim- dl!Sileu :s.i;z.e: N ."" 1, 3" 4: 8.1ilI1Il '('" ail p~th 10~ exPQ1l'f.:ntl1l 'n:! = '2, 3. ,alla 4-

1 '2,7857 ~.35SO 2,]'058.

2 1.2969 4.6,609::.::10-1, 1.7725:.:10-1

3 ' 8 ,,3ll80 x 10-9 LS56'9x,W-1 '1-2,511 xl0~~

N=l

N·,=, 'J

1 1.5206xliD -12_9128x I(r1 , USDA:.: W,.;-r

2 4.o<n8xl(I-' 1.61:~Ox 1O-~ , 1.4731xl!()-~

:3 2,{}855x W-1 :,L:U~O;.< 1()J-~ 4.]:&33xl0~3.

N·=4

1 15.4482XlO-1 1.HBhlO--!' I 5,J!19Hdo-"'

2 :UI9ij9xl0-1 4J~5U x 10-" 8.Cl107xI,O-3

,3 2.0065 X 1.0-1 :2 .1411:0: lOI-~ 2 . .anB x lO-~

i !1041ijJ,)(;10·1 6J1I5,77:;<:10-- 1.65Hl;>l1O.:'1

2; 1.6i;lj}6xW~D 2,04.44)(,10-~ 2,50:3.1;.:;10-3

:3 ~J.4Hx 10-1 9-1740xlO-~ 1.4223:-: 10'-~

Tl'Ihte2:. COlltribution en1 or oo-oouuel ba.sel>,ta.tio.ns i!l;the '·tie:rt.o the to:t.a)l:O-~;:h!:l.IIJJe:1 interferelilce: cluster mves N -- 1, 3; 4 and 7 lJ:l}d pa.tiIJ Jossexponents n = 2; s and 4,

dusrer C(f) (%oJ I
si:l.e tier t n ~ :2 71 """ a 'ft =- -I
1 56.71) 7.8.34 00.19 I
I
N '!;iii;; 1. '2 '2:6,3,90 1,5,,49 7.4.3
:3 I Hun 5.'17 L78
1 52.:00 1'2.,.68· ~ .• 29r
IV' "" :1 2 .28.27 19,00 10_& ,
1 3 l8.,87 .8.32 3 .. 03
1 52J.6 71.,41 84.00
],I "'" if 2 28,"{l3 : 19.82 U.69
,!3, 19.21 g_n 3,38
1 :B.41l 70.1·1 .83.57
N -. 7 2 I 28,99 ZCl.IU 12.,67
3 191.57 , 9.2'5 3-76
: We ClU! ~so ~xJlre&S the C!JIMibu~iol:l of eo-dJBi}ne~ hasJ13 ,~tll:.tiomin. eaih ti~'f to the Wt~l eo-channel i.llterfe:l'I:iJ.ce lJIsing

-(!)

elf) J . . .

= T x 100%-

(5)

Table 2 MJ.dI Fig!.i.re: 2 shQii CCt} for eachtte:r" Mod! P;1I,It~ J(lS5~_xpOfiellt5T1 = 2, 3 Mld 4. iUldcluster 5iz~ N .. I" 3,4Md 7,

:1'3

r s ~ ',s!!

~I

_r

F'i~gure 2';~trihyti(m C(H 0'] c-O-thrutue.1 base s~atiijtl~ til the t~tierto the touJ to-cl1 il!D.Iile.1 ~,llIwrfer'e!lce.

The signnl~t(}-iiD:teri'1!nl!'lJce ,f,atiQ Wb~fi ,ollly T tiers ,are assumed, diello1ted' iby S I R(T1, is C'CI'IDPU ted. by

(6)

whQre p~ is the PClwet or the desired ,s.igna! ,I'~eh',ed' llI,t t.he mobUe aDd g]\o"e:Il! by p~ "" P;: R~'IIi.

T<lbJ,~ 3 and Figure 3 show srRtT'l fAl:, chwte.r ~~ N'l'i: 1,3,,';; and 7 and path. J~oS\S CXFH;l!leDlt.s n :;;;. 2,,3, and 4.

b} 'CQ.-cl_}anl!e~ iDterf'ereElce ~ysia

From tile results presen,wd lil.Fipes 2 Mid 3, we cruldude that the eoDtribl.lt~Oli, of base s;tatio[ls in B grvlID tier depeo:cJ:s, nuidJilJ~y all the paJh loss expoMIlt_

Tue I1l][1ml;ie-r 'of' 'tiers we neoo to consider w,beIl Ofimputi~ SlR depends mt the desired aet!ur'ti:'!r' of the results. lntlds problem; 'we- will assU11l2 tb.~t we cas W'1e.m:t(! a.tl error ,(I,r 0.5 dB ilII the estfiir1!!I<te ot SIR. We h0ll1o\1e ~nu~d tlt~:t iUwy Q.1IioSe sta.:t;ions in the :!:lISt. tb.;ee,u,en: p1'Odure ,co,~d,erfl,bl:e im;teri,&~l}te. B2Jl.\Je s:ta.tioos In mo,re dii:stan.t Hm pmducelMg1igil:J11B iD:ter£er~.ce."fihereiore, t.he

h'lJe' S11l a.t the m-oibiJie i'$ Sf nfll), .

""[·R(3)o - ]1'11 I".. Pill~

,;J '_- - ,II} r"'l:>i~ j(J) + [(2) + I(~JI

(7)

Th~ error in th,~ ~im<lot,.e (l,t SIR 'l'I'lien {lilly the 5.rst. T tiero ate OCllJsidefioo is

£fIR"" 81 RtT') ~ Sf Wll} T ~ 1,2 (io dB), is}

-<lJ!.' ,. ~'-- - . _ ......•.....•

""' .... -""" ... ::. ..... ::;. ..... .;0. _

.~ :"'r' ..... :.,;,. '" • '. I ••••• : ••• I

.... ·iiil .......... _':;'

.........

,. .

. . "..,_ . .;."..-... ... " . i .. ,;--~---;

...

"

.- .. -- .. :--- ... ,:~.:_ ... -~-=,

... --:. _. ~. . ......" -"';' .

!..'!. :! 2.3

n.mm!~'lifH'il:J

1,"'" - -:--.~ ~ .... . __ ._-

11) . . ....... -.

=:2';L --""1.~C---=2-. --2-;~~~3. rwifOBf 01 tiilrllll'

~1.iWON •. j

..... ~. , .... - '- """ -110- .",. - -.- - _

1~ ~ ~~

r:...omtIt,~ .... ~li

Figuru 3: S:lglIAIAo.-illtericr.e:oce I"llltio at the :mobU@ locllteda,ttbe Dell bm.md<lI}'; whe~

urll.J the first T ti~rS or eo-ehaauel ,cells axe consi . dered. -

Table & SigD,a.J-'lQ-iliterfer@ll,ceratio lilt the moblle loc.aled at th~ cell hOlItldilU'Y, whea th~ nr.H T tier-s of Cf.>.clIfillJJel celts ate cO'mlideroo: duster sizes N ... I!, 3, of ood 'l and path less expcnents n .. ;2. ,:3 Sllid 4,

cll.J:sil.er SIRi'1') (dB)
!;:ilA! T n :::: 2 n -. 3, n ~ 4
1 ~4.4.5, -3_73 -3-36
N "" 1 2 ~6·Jl 4.51 ~3.70
3 ~iB.!H ~4 .. 79 ~3.18
1 l.24 f:i-36 9-24;
I N "" 3, 2 -0.13,2 ,4.&5 8.14
I
3 -1.53 3.'9'7 8.60
1 2:64 I 7 .. 57 12,3fi
N "" 4 :2 llH 6.51 1],,{9'
;3 -f.!.1!.9' I ~.U 11.64.
1 5,.23 U.5S l'7.82 I
N.", 7 2: 3.29 10.4.6 17.:21 ,
3 2.M lOJ04 17.134] Ui>iDg the' results .i'l"'OIr! Fi,g:uX'{t 3, we cffiIC:OlIip~.te EItli for eluster gl;;'.1;l:i 11/ "" I,. ~, 4 and ., tl:r.!d padl J008 ~pa'J!lieJ;J.~ ... "" 2, Jwd 4- ~iU!ts are presented m -Eahle 4.

We conclude: ~Clr 'errol' <' 0.5 dB,

- ,Path .liO.SS ,exp otlent n "" .2:

We need t.o C'_()liiijde~fl.n~hr~ tier¥, reg-a::rdJess of c!~er size. - Path tess exponent It =: 3:

"Velleed to comlder 'the .£i.t"!Jt. two ~iers, regardless, Qf eluster slse, - P,at li loss ,e:xPQlIl:ent n = 4~

f"()~ duster SiZl;l .~r "" l,we may oDms~Q.ei tbemrst tier oIlly; lml' du.st~,. ,~izes /Ii '"'" 3,. 4: and '1, we uood, t!) consider tbf :liJ:st tWtO tiers.

Table 4; WOlt in the estimii.toC Gf SlR 1Jsi.llg only tn,e first T tiers, for cluster sizes N"'" 1, 3, .j and 7 and paU!lk~~ exIH!(fl:t:m.ts 1'1 "" 2, ;3. ,IU.IO 4.

c~'u.ster E~tll (dBj'
:ic~e 'J' 'n ;;:; :2 n - 3, i 11. ~ 4
N "" 1 1 2.46 1.00 0.42
2 nso 0.28 0-113
N "" 3: ] 2.'17 1.3:9 O.M
2 0.9'l 0.38 OJ .. j
N -4 1 2'.83 1A6 0.71
2 10.9:3 0.'10 0.15
N 'I 1 , 2.89 1..54 (1.78
'"'
1 ~ I 0.95 O.{Z O.r1 Table 5,; Laeaticu of C-.(Io..cilarmel base stations ill! the irst tier, Serving, cell islecated "it the ol:'lgiIiIO:r the' c:ooMilla.te s.yst:em.. Q:J'Ol.rdLn:8!t~ ~ and &' ~ ,D.omliMiwd 'With [t,

N "" I N - 3 t N = 41 N - 1
x y ]I( x y I X Y
I ] 1.SOO() ~1.8600 ·3.~.()OO 3,I}QOO 1.1321 ,4 . .50001 ·0 .. 8600
'2 0.00.00 1:13U UOOO 2'.~981 (U)OOQI 3,4641 ~HIDOO 3.41641
a ,·1.5000 0.8860 ,·] • .0000 2.,5:981 1 ,3:.0000 1.7321 , ·1,,&000 4_3301
4 -U.ooo .0.&600 ·,3.0000 O.OClOO ~.OOOO -1 .. 1321 4.50001 0.855:0
5 -0.0000 .1 .. 1321 ,1Ji£J(I!l) .2 . .698,1 .0.0000' ~3.4Ml I ·,3.0000 ·3.4641 ,
,
6 i.sooo -0.&600 UiOO{) -2.5!981 3:.10000 -1.1321 1..\51)00 .<l:.3301 :26

f!;!.b'le 6: Location of oo.cbanfle], b~, S~al;iD~ in .tile Slf:c-O!!ld 'ti,er.Se,f'\.,lllg e,(1:11 is located at t.n!t orig:in of tbl:!! e,{Ioordina.te sys{,em.. Coordiuntes I Dna y nTenormali:2ioo whhR.

N 1 N 3 N 4 N _ 7
,;;: ,"" - ;
]( }' ;K !r' x y x: )'
"1 aocec 1.7321 ififmOf) 0 6.1{){I'[W 3.4&H ~UJOO(), -1..7321
g 1.5000 2 .. 51981 4.booO 2.5981 J.oaoo i).1962 7,50000 2.598}
9 1),.0000 :j,.4&U 3,,,0000 5.1962 V.OOO!) 0.9282; to.MOO 6.92&2
to -L3000 2.5:981 0.0000 5.t952 ~3.0000 ,H962 L5000 (,194.,2
n ·,3,(1;000 1.73,21 ·3.00100 5.1962 ·o.ij:IJOO 3.-1641 o,J,.OOlPl.} 13.i56IXI
l' ·;3..0000 0.0000 -4.5fJOO 2.5001 ~6~OOlin O.{lOOO ·6,'0000 5,}96,2
-~
13 -3.0000 -1.1321 "f).aooo 0.0000 -6.0[100 ·3A6dl ·9.0000 :1.7321
14. -LSOOll ~2,5'9!!1 ~4 . .5fjQ0 ·,2.il9!U ·,3,0000 ·,5.1002 -7.5000 ~,2.5981
15 ,-0.0000 -3.4541 ·3,,000'0 -.r;.19$2 I -0.0'000 ,-6.912:82 -D..OOM ..£.9'282
, 15 Ujfl;l)O .2,5981 ~O,.OOOO -5.1952 3.0000 ·5.196Z -1.5m:.o -7 .. 7I,}'12
17' 3.00001 ·D3,21 1 JJlOOO ",D.H162 6,0000 -3.4Ml 3.0000 ~S.ili603
11'l 3.000D (l 4.5100D ~2,5I981 1~.OOQ:l) 0 6 .. 0000 -5.191(12 Tab1,!!: 7; l.ocatiou ,or'CO~lcli<m,llet base statioHsin !he 'third tier. Servin!!; cell h; loceted at the origiL'! of dlt! c()o,rdirn;ate !>yst~m. Coord.inates x MId y are norm21.ized wit!:! R.

iN ~ 1 N "" :3 N "'" 4 N - 7 _u,
x }' 'X Y I x y I x )"11
.19 4.5000 2.5981 9.0000 01 9 .. 0000 15.1,962 1:3 .. WOf! ·'2.,')'981
2,t) I 3.0000' 3.4£.41 7.5Q1OO 2.M181 GJ1(J(1l] 6,.9282 12J1OOO 1.7JZl
21 1.5000 4,3~1 13,.0000 5.1.002 3.0000 ,8.00.03. l'O.5(1)OO 10.06122
22 0.00001 5.1962 4.5000 7.7942 n.OOOCi !(t3'923 9.0000 10.3,9:23,
23 -L.500() 4.33lJ.l 1 .. 5000 7 .. 7914.2 ·;,3,QOO[) 8 .. 6603 4,,5000 11..2,5.8J
24 -3,.CI000 3.4'6-0 ~L5000 ";1.7942 -6.0000 ,fUt2&2 0.0000 12:.1~4.f
2;5 -\1.5UOOI 2.5mll ,-4.5000 7.1942 cfWOM 5.1962 -4.5000 12.9004
iii -~.5000 G}.8'560 ·6,0000 ,5.,,196.2 ·9,0000 1..7'32] -1.500{l 'lJ.526.3
Z~ ...;:!.,E)OOO .10.8'660 .1.'5000 2.5981 ·'9.1:1000 -1..1'321 -10 .. 500() (W'S22
28 ~~t50()O ·:2J'l981 ·"9,,0000 0,,(1000 ~9.00nO ,·5._002 ~13.5000 2.59B..l 1
29 ·3,.OOlJJO -3.41.l41 -1 .. 50(10 ·.2.598'1 -6.0{];00 ·6.9282 "12,0000 ·!..n21
3D -1.5.000 -.t.3JOl -6.0000 ·.5·.1962 . -2,0(100 -S,jfi603 -1.0.50001 ·6.(j622
31 ·O .. oocm -l},.HI62 : ~4.5000 -7,7942. .JJ.OOOOI -10.3~23 -9.0000 ~lO.3S'23
32 1.5000 -4..3&13'1 -1.5000 -7.794.2 3.QOQD ·;B.m';03 '4.5000 ,·n.2.58J
33 S.'()OOO -3 ... 4641 11.5000- .7 .. 7942 6,,0[100 -6 .. 92B2, -0.'0000 ~12.1244
34 1 ,1,.,5.000, -i.SHU "".:.JO(lO -'7.1942 9.00rm ·:5.196,2 4.MQ[I -~2.'9'OO4
3~ 4 .. 5000 ·0.86-00 6,{lt(J(Ji[l ·5.HI'fi'2 I 9,.(1000 -1.7321 ! 7.50:(10 -9.5263
35 UiOOO 0.&660 r.seco -2;.5981 9.0000 1.7"321 1'0.5.000 ·'0,))622 27

3' -/0 L

(a.) . 2'';' MN"t = too C/JMr'I'e/s ;2 ·3.0 Idl1.

" .... 0 ... han~Js ._-.' , '/'" / /,/,

- 7' v ' 0.; _" -'. iiG ICtJ tJh(1.rme S / ce, ~

4 ~ef.{s

.,

(6) CJ,oZ ,Df j{)O e//~s '= qo G("lo;.n5~

CjO;p;c a,4~ ~ lj' (0 .1) . P U =- 900 users

(e) ot.;;reJ 90l ,; C ~ uo ~ o.ee Ii"" J(Q.ph (FI~. 3-iR) 3% aas

(2) EMh:eelnr his 33-3 ,aw.nlk!?ls ; &;s", 3%

-fi-(1';fj =9> ~ 25 £,-Jurp/=br

15';:2 IJ ,Au ~~)

, ? 1.1-= 25t; :<3 see./ors tl= 750' a~s

~e).. 1, nC() k, ." 'M 1 j, " ""_,,, , " n

- , - ... ,PO (!f'IlS

S kmt -' ,

28

SN~e )JdAaJ' to~ m =r ;,,9, tr~ J(f~ /ntJ:r. ril1Wl{"~ c?'rt.£U-Il,tJd ~~ to 60" 5~ed '(ln1~ ..

, s7

tiLl ,~ 6/ da~s r: sueur z: T z: «s . Gt'~

P r t b~] e rJ ' jnJ7T1 ,til.( Er.?u;; B ~ trt:btA{,~ »e ~~€ tli.J torai ti/erd t~!f";:. k7eM!r /*'". S€tt(!r Ai:: 4-.; U(Js . . FOr ~::: l(~{{/MM', fl=;) 'f\Zn~de/(cta.

t/1fi.t ea:.tA 5ettd S&l.~vr ,{..:w1 4·/ ,t·- ]

ttJJ! /UifrI:Or.r i (~J($ r: htbT lb

. A

ll-_, _

l;1' "_. --

. tUN

]:ill

(EIKr .. n warts, ce~1 rad;illi =. 1'0 kro. GOS ls 5%, i;l1~e4 unl; d~ed_ H " 2 Il'Ijmultmi" znc'Jl"' 2 c3Jlls pr h~L!I", MSYime ~I will be spl,il rn:l() <I ~e!]s.,}

U~i.J:l8. Ib.~ ilM!c~jmm {!cflille4 iii pro'biell"l 2,1

:2 H:=::60

P:=.05 Pr'Ilb.al;t~~1y ·of bl.o~~cd [;i'I!l~

C"57 ~Iliill!' iI'i'"" '..:U" AMrS

A~·=-1!() m;rl~l ~

ATCP ;C):=rl)tll(GOS(A,C)-I',A} S-ol,"~ itr;rBtiv'~l}' fpr ,tolaIIr.lJli.c

A'f{r.C}=5.1.~ml, &Ii!n~

. Av(r,C) .... '-.'

N'W:'i}Iiroi!~'of~ IS U: A~ . lI-'n;u:u

b) ~t lis !be ~d.iil5, and '~mrIIlQWitf of tlu: rJ~' cells?

S~.c~ tb.~ 4 [lIerW ·cdb m~1 ;;;O''''~ 1l:L.~, &rd of U1!!i 0Ld ,~tt, ilie r.!rliui of Ili.e .new ,e:'ells m~l '~Rt2, wh::ro R. Ii th~; ,",,~ir;!;l. or'r:b~ old ,tell, Th!:ZrI t:l.!o!; ~.a COl\lcl'td by Ii~ nr;w I':c:!ls is

41'1!( ~J:~ 4: 1I( ~ ~ }.j1R,2 ",,'rue!'! .-::q-Uills th!~ II!IU. oftbc originlil cdl

(:=S7' ['iloC~ Ittw ~dJ' i:jeu i!1e .iiI !J,EIIb~1'" ~(dl:ilnlle~ ru ,abt ll,rii:~IUlIiI OIl~il Qlm~ ~In,~' (fill 5p<lilii!1;1: pr!K'~, I,~ 'Ci!lrttplti.l!'.

SiI1~ usersare 11, Iliforrn. 1". distJl,'OUtea,-, ()V~r H!lt ill"ri!<!" eaeh eel] ID db!! elusser is

. <l!SSi,gDe'!.'iche same mm~b;r of cha:nnel:s:

(8)

Ne - number of c:hii.I:m~l.s; p'l!t cell

M == Jiumber of channels avaU<ib!~ in tbJe syste.m [3001 d+<J;filler ... ) N - cluster :.i:f)e

(:9)

GiveD t!:t~ number Qf dlMlne!s per ce]! <mil the' <lesig,rl!lo blQcl.:irrg proib<.!hmQ,! fl. '"' 1%. we 'C!I!I1! eompl.U.t t.lle 1!IJ.a;.;irnm:n cam~d tram.e per c::eJI in l~.,I3:t"lg {ee} u:sitllg tili.l: Erlaf!S: B fotm,ui@,

(lO}

C = C'C' x 84

Sinoe' eOO use:!' o'.tieI"'S i.\ traffic ,of 0,(1'1 Erlangs, the rnaxirrmm !:lumber 0;[ users $u;ppo'ned by the system is

(I2)

'lab,le 2: Number ,0" ~;:banille~s per ,cell (Ne) , carried trdlk per ,ccll (Cc}, to'ta! earned t.raffic: ill ithe system fe), and maxll:!'!WD. itI,umbcr of users U! the' sysU!:m (N,r;), fot dustier s'llllJS 111 "'" 4., 7 and! 12, Bloc.ki9.g Pfobability 1%,

I C,-l.'lI. st,.e.r I $ize N

ch.anm~'1s per . cell (Na)

7'5 42 25

ca.:rried. u'affi.'.( ~ :IOta! ca..~i.'"il!d p~r cell (lid II ~ratlk C

t1umbe:r ,of ~~Nr;

4 7 12

,01l.73 Bd I 5,10lJ19 Erl

3(177 Erl 2lii84.81 Ei'.i

.Hi!2 Ed 1;i.51 .. 'l!9 Ert

121527 fil41320 lJ,852

1) S~noe mobiles, with ongoing, call5-, a:re crossing cell bonndedes (iee.vingilL eel] wd! entering, 1UIoth~r), the avei',age call diuI.f(.ti.on, iror,D ·1Ji part.ieu:la; base statlon perspective, decreases,

2) Some cmg()ing ceJIs e.nt£:ri~g a cell will be forC@cl to terminate du.e to !,ack ef Q'l&iI.El.bt~ .cilJlJ.ll!lffi:;; in their IlC\\' cells, rroucing tbe BI'!,'erag'e cw! dl!1I8t.iollJ

3) When mobiles with ongoing cans are enteri.ng .a pmilcuJM cell, the call. request fate of ~h:a.t cell is composed by jl,ew call re<:l,1lest ra.te l r.;a1) I!:l{]Uffit;!; from mobiles ab'iMdy within tile ceU},iilld requests mede by mQbi~~ entering, the cell (wit;tJ OD;150illg (;:{I.Us) ,

Ff!'r (~4 c...{g~ , Atpt..f =1' I Er(P:j/,

.."

hu c·=: 4- 0 atMA~ At$l4 = 5/ -[,{7J

. . ;;;:

(h) U ~

(c )Trrr [=: 4- C~tm/~. A·I"'il'"~.{;;:- !./.r ... 1_, s« /7/1- J.,. r ~ _ifL

T'O ~. . ,~... , CI '~" , - ,f,o;; 5et4ilw 1~

f !'Qnl, ,tM [~j c cA(br{" tve A4¥~

p 1",( dotaJ » o ) -:O·Q 3

=:;) Pi [,~ :>~, ~J = Pr[~>oJ·1ZJ [ -( (-h~() ., J.o'~;IHJ z: D »s= f?)ff[ -(, -1.1) ;.(~/I,t)51~ 0 .. rJ 17

5l

g. CffIU' 'd'

1:·1 .'.-

r;,_.' '." _'.

h'r C;;:::.~ ~ndr;, Ai"41::_ If &tbJs. we A~ _

/,,.[~ >b] ~o,'. .'.

~ fy[ ~ :;>';"'50<.) ~ fr[dJ,.:r' J e"r- (C-A,.Af)'iJ •• .,jHj == root x expr- (~~/4)x,a.clr.Q5J'~o.oI7

f;'" c" fo dv"'""i" AWR{ '" '5/ E>fDys, /VI! h.. ..

py r dda.J »o] = (7 "07

- Pr [~:>01.o<&J ". "'1)1 !?Xf[-( fr,-I 1).x,;,.;1.$ J "" (HI:;

(d) rn;" (() WI' Q!n See t4...! ~ rkb,'ttj PW- '" Ur.!1 1-<.,'t{ 6e rlefar. fr imPt tk. "'" $ec,w/s ;" .. ?1st C«lt rlrJyeri ff' t...., v. -&., t4, 01 j r: at{ -u. ""-/jb-&.t

cIr_"..."J A~J.. 77""" " Aut w{ "'11"" »=:

?rr !>uter ~ '" SjUIJm ~ ~s 6{,ckI ... It..,

:'H.,j Fir 1 cea ~ Fltem, ~ 1»ter/&uncr_ '";"'"

.........",,_~=----~----;;,.f'-,. ",_..,_=,., _ V

fo~ ~ (1A_,aWfu t/Z1~~He,.- £5

D.l - D.-.'.'. (. " __ .,p . )~fJI _. A· ( IW- r).· .. -/'I

r~ - f't .' do . .... rf-". -1.

Cl~

WIv:rt It '16 t-ft tt.v.."" /",,,"y ;" t_ ,t-..z(itn, j) 06

../../ .J._".... ~ -hi ..... '." .' - ..... _I t . ./I.

V~ af.~!~ U> v,Lt' (Wf}r tP,t tIi£ Mf;.red: {/)-;~ cea;

~ ~

r '6, -M.R In.a..t'crr nuir~. In ~j ~. ~:; 1m W AI = 7'

- -J ".rt _ ~. ,

010 =/ M,; n = 3 _ t4v0~..!€ ,~

__ 17l IQ-I(tA oj £!l cell ( Mry em.) -;:::; f ~ . r ~ z: r . (0 ' 4- fr; tJ ~ o .J 14km;'

n.lUtJiJvDj (kWffi itJ ~ cd! fA=: ate~ o"f V\ (ell x Ub€Y ~i~

== (j'5?Q x ?Ob~ ...: 5/16} V4ef1,

~ A;:: trM.fJ ~ S-IG? x 6~ .x { ~ gi-I [r~s .

Giren c. [«. f~ [rfry c cMH. ne kwe u<e rb~·t~. {jAf tl cat{ yt;i! ( Iu dtw.jed'

fr [ t6_{J ,/Q ] ::: 0'·5

~> If[ C/~fAY >;!~se,] ~ fr[ delay >0)' py[ dW,>~JdiaJ'} ::- ~':f, x "t t (~'r;-8'-J) ~IICl]

=- 0.;;6

3· l§il, See swu;n 3· 7-1 -

l,f- ... ·.-·· n= -5. Po z: J3i ~ft 1

. .in g

3.3

~,/,~, Fi;y 4- eel) ;.-ett)fjcatern ,a.v:/ 5 5eu~ r edt; We (&1 drHir tk 3,9J v&,i(e ~~, ;nit 4;:5-;;: /2 S(i.6~~15,~ {n"~ 11 ~t/I'.t 55 ~~, In e~ stt6l1d - ~dmu:t 0~ ~ .~ 12 r:/~ 6.,. E4UA cell ,W~ t4ree

5" u,hers.d! cllA.tu~; a:n:e 5 ~ r: ·07Vt ~(}r. rA('6,~ tl.S 5{yll.tr&.t Z~, itl~tnt1eJ ~n w Ckt-7 &6w cd,' [-¥'I'$4 ~ Um.tnA ch.£M'vd (V,,$rq{1UA/' W,M rf?6,;V~t 10 ~~ .. ~A

J ..I

cellu~ cA(UrAPM ;h ~ ~~.LP'..t 'fA j' ~,gt /c. wh-t_ -i

o An JiJi'€rf~ I tD .If evu;/ A, B, and c n;t~ :$ dr.~ $UI(jYJ J nvrf'r,. /1v. tnt~ 1Mn1.bw-1v-o{ce t;!t~ in a: ceU 1:S oJ;:~tJ 99. TAx (dide,rkneJ:)e.f oj

~ =r' tfJ .~ Wn(m( cI~'. .. .. ' . _

~--- --------"'-.~~~- - ~.-".~~~

! ( .' .. .2 t;. .... 3 (. 4(

fA M 3'A 4A. IE ;t.B -3 B 4-_&
5H· ~55 j'S 6 $37 HS ~3." ';'f" 59!
-
~4(; 147 3'13 #'l ;;, . .,. lS'I ~5l. :H;
7;>(J
3.$8 151 ~6~ 161 J"p U3 ;%4 j65 151

~) 3# 54r
I .;?
i$ 156 i~7
sO ~," 3!1
.~ .
.. ..
.. ~
717 71'8 7/~
72/ Tn 7~~
:,
7$~ 7M 7'35
.. ,.,
" • ~
,6.58 659 /60 66 r U) 6,63' tl,64 665 666
- ~ - 7il.f:>
724- 12.5 ?2.6 7;: ?' ?:l$ 7~i 7,o 75J 7,;
,I·
"
7'6 797 7'Jj' 779 34

- 3· ;0] Sltf1,iaJ"!J' for 4 [ell (t%~,:;,{ fo._t!ert~ !J./Ld 6 recUrs r edt; M DUl d(:kiul ,w 39S met d~mt;"

4- x 6 ,:;: 24- 5uiJWI..5. Fad ~ i6 (o.k/ei rit~ cU'I =r

fii~r 7- f~i 6J 01 ,~~ z" TfVoJe» ,f~ I n .«

(ijJ th &ttt:r ,r It ,~F. Tk -mfrJ& 114#lkr 4'''''

oN &tier rWufe ,Uti {elt +: Md ~',~ /te.s~' ltw-ffre eadr (dl We!J d~ m ~ S,abJ.et" lAi71s'T '~:(i ~'f)f

if t 71 .

;, - J{ i fI,16,/1IIf~ I ;

Fr:rr C.\ 7 (ell n: w r=: t'xW:! :3 sviC"r S r: cGll J ~ a);{ta~AboJ J;) ~,~s I wui ezteA ~1Jr ~ ! 9 CIUAA~. S if,ce .f;- Pf.£ (2(; '0; 'i~, ~ fi¢mttr 1 intpiee. ;;. "/k r= tB1~tl i-s =r > s{j tr tlMv ~ VYt ~J, ,drh'ler)j Ie; ~ of' enM~Jectt.rr ,lrv!c 3

J'~f5 ~ etu:lr Mu't ~' 6 ~~&" far =r: ~

I g dt~ ir; setiPr" 11 ,0 I cell I can be. 4t 'wit4,d 1.~1b 3 {flt-MP' ?t 5 J~'((OWS.

J J '

j~f)',~ {J~ 22" 4r $/f~ 85. roll

J~ 1: fti7~ 11-8, ur. 19~ ~21/ ,VI} 1)1J~p3: [l5S~ 274,. 275, 67(J/ {tl" 7lJ-, l~cjJ

" 1

f d 1- _,I ~I ,. i

IfI}t£rq unit SJV;{W (A.~')'~ tAWlflm~ ,m Ot&. a' till! ~ Ji:Ott:; .

W ~,tI.;r '~'ih~f·r;1 5€/$,-s, sJ~d fi'i{ ~~")..( tI\.(

3f

.3 C",--_ ".,' 'J,"

- ... 1J -(.I" I,.{ tj'

o{CUl,fIds fmm tfLP otlur tv"'7) J~J ,rMtd tlfic. slWiJ..d be (,ff,z iAuM w.:tif at,( t4 ~ ,;, OM 5 ~'f f-e been, =r« }Vktl~ A~. til; x(.llr ,Q«n t0A

] 11 th0 tA'Jr:n PiA " Ivk/e 3)~P, Wk,,; OM

jtmJ"P' t4 c1"t1M' r~t1, =r-» _ s:e-tttr te£ -tlJ r&twiH~JI' J d(J

cJ~. wk. .L{ 1M 1'1 cI"",r.e{! ~ P.w, OCUfie.r?

tJ.f t/U'll sw.c/~ ~ tA.i_ /vt s [ w" '?{ h'?71},,,,j' tA..r C!..f}.r.J:'&t.J.

th~.t ,cue lUi OU-j9' eJ r= #1 atA.er Rdm in 'f,k.

Co -~"''-f",fl ced .

t', ..• «: - II ..I o« ....<.( r~~V::~ .;,." ,7'. __ L .,_. E

,~v.l' c.t"~.;>- .&1.tK Vo;;. _ .. - '-,..,.-.l ~ ~ J V('VLt:.J

36

3,,221 (aJ For AMps. Uu dt.aA-1lti ~.Jtr1lPA8w= 30kf/z Gi·£"£'?l 11~~~ rr: F t: /0 dB z: I o _ 114? .~~e

I1AA r z: k ,B~ . F· J-., .rr-k,ek if, gal:!; ,PM,"1 Ctm.b·t~t-_ r;. :'.2 10 "]:

-) t. ', .0 ..fl.._.,., J 19'XT ~.l~' . ,J 4

~.U7r""" jw,;r z: .,';../,0 X50:x.lo·xla-Xi),Q

::: l 2 X/DT IS (w) == -Hi.) (d8m)

(b) fir 65/1.'J'~ Bw=a..,(;oldft"

~ lI.lJI5P.. fh.Tt'" ;:- K·lJrr" 'F To -= I 38,7 (0 ~i 'S .I;u.f,i)f/r} xlO)t2ro

::: 3 Xto-1t (WI) ~ -lilt dERI)

(() Fer Uf P( , fw:: -jD#iz

-) ,.., ~.': ~ r r: ~. ,'j Q 2' (." ,,! p )

- J '-1,0 ..... _, JUJ"7f/' ~-!il' .. ' :7vil .. ;d1:j .

(d)hrr PECL Yro!::' 1/;;3 .Mil? - 9' IMvY: iM.r-r = -f.~, j . 6 .( d. 8 f'>! )

(e ) Fur I 5. ~ 95. &w z I· 2 ?18' .hf/ z ) /tUT:s..e fbvr:;" -fr.-50 / (dS,f'l)

( f) fil'r~ ( T~ 2. , Bw:; /rxt kif?

-

~) /U)J..1f

-f!..~ =_ J /.,!; fJD _- )

} ""'"',' .1. T {(Atj;;)P1';

(CIi) SNR = Sur:?} (.f~ {dBh} - ~ f~ (dB~)

.,)

:: ~ ,/0 - (-117·,2.) z: 27· 2 (0

37

- Lwtl''t/

J,2$ ~

(b' >,II?R ~-q'(J - (-/11) ,;;.zlriB

t,') IV, I

(c) SAl/(. = -,90 - (-/i1·2) ~ 2 t 1 dB (d) Sfi/f( = -'1(1-- (-iO!·6) s; If. 6 dB .( e) SuR = ~ to - (70?"f) -= 13.; tilJ

(I) 9..;R ,~ - 90- (~1l4) =: 24ig

~! See tit ~th";K in t4.e tewl' 6tak.

3-251 See- tJ~ I'1ATLAB froJnun !,3-25'. Ii} ,Md f~. p3-2$7Gl.>ih.: 11') ~r; , Ii -! 7 (' 0) ~ tk ?"VI,tir; oj tk Z)"tJji'(#J£t4! i, oj t;.k sectored 1 stem "h ds:q oj ~ ,fJmAi-dtjed, ~7rP.1 a4_ie/VIA:

Sj,,St6m, :.c1.~~ , 16 SkH~ ,~ di;,ffr;;.", {~"'er.l M-.I1~..-r of,',', ,""

Au~ j~ D ~

cAulfflLl s . A'Lyo 5iwW11 14 t/li_ftt,/.iAof tlct st R

-t tis rJ~(: .dfrboU(?uJl ~BI"J'4 SJ~rt&n to t!J4o;.L riw

. SIR· _ ~ ~

Sedcrecl 5,,!f} stt¥n, ~, ;~~n,.1 f ~. ti.t j'i-, "rt,',.',' ({,f-e .wi:

J .)-r;, X40'" " J

(lUJ, ::eetlf-i . A~ > __ SZR~/>Wi' /]()fr'l'"..t' j II? ~,;r ,

ti.JI.l ~"f., JaM.

-Clffi",.;!''''''''''

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- -6 .-crs

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,

,

, - -

,,' ,.,

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- ,

~ -

, ,

""... -

-.

O~L---~~N~-:--~---~~--~~'~~----~S~D-------'~'O-'~------t~·.OO

",~;!j)ne' pc' een Goe = ~.

0'0.6 ~~~'2{!""- -~-~4()"'- ~~~~'-, ~--8!l"".~-~'OO"___'-_ ~-_'1.2\1

d'lanml pel' ~~ 005. • ?%

fig_ P 30-. i.${b}

13.2 ~I (0.) {jiveh M:;: 5 ryj[~ / /'.£~.r, H;; 51'n,~j4e~/ (~{L ~ A.() =- M- ,f-j;;; :/"~ .IS =- ()-)5 Et~Jl!s

v

(b) 6i .... ~ (~L A.M~ II ,J}, &~..;: s , GC5 = 0-(; I.

V

-f~ t:k.FI'~i g B ~ / we ~e A ~ oot

,J ~;j

--., . ,.,,,,,L. A r u_c",.-·,.h ~ A. "", ,,,,of _'.' ,Ii .' . ,

~_.., /l,t.N?" ~a(jr ''''7'' v..,. ....... ';.J. .-'!I~ - "." .... ".'. ~(J'C T (U()I'::, .

r ' rI+f o,.t.5

/J{Al J [f.da0J4 tli:e:nwt OtW£( &_ 5UPb: .• ·v-rrei ,071 0& c/:PJ'.!lDt.

o /r

Cd) For

U= 5X1=:;'/0 UJ8f"1, ...... ) A::: u·A.~,f=- /CJ)(o·2S:25 5{p,,'!s r ::: LA ,~ 2 j-' Erb..--,p .s . ------;> KOi C .:;__ Q' ',7

II,..,. :; ,i: /. ' .. , - '11 - ~ , .;,_.'.:~ -. "_ '!Ioi ••

'i,..'r .

7J{ib i':;) /'__fft _ C'{r.1:tM/f.. _ .i:1fnn,,(!tn.re. T/:JKt ir~.fA,i"',,!:., 7 ,(;1..[ of r<>. edt, Mil k b/c,kerl dw. t;. Q{GW~-{ f.>iZun

chui-ut........ th bt~d hft~r. (ieil up)/x;.. ·51/.s :F().o) it; des/rt4.

o {}

3 . .1 71 ( 60 ) Tk Al1 P5 ~j s t er-, i-J rLi~pk!)j "

GiWh tld /N~.d~I'1"dt;; Bw~:::' ,!,&l1llr" ,t,d« r~r oj

c/LCtI-.r11. JV:: t31 dW:nrd.,:. ~ we k~

tk k:.r./ j.fi't!;, -k -~>- etr.£,h ~ 8~i/ ~ .~.'},I! .. ' ... m. -.~ s: 5~ .. ())'P/ _ 1.'1.[.' .. u: .....

J ~ tv - 23.z.. - {)O,,~

';;::::::::::::;;::

3.27 ()rn-t a.

rs: bMAlridi/· di 6&/(H[ fffY ,pi.! d~ . .;Pff. l'x dlV'.rdU· r;pL~t

1''''''- .J j) /

inttl .~ O1l-t~ .. J cl,J),Ap.d.s,aJkrt7VIfd c!u;..rv./;{ (fn./'i; M.e k-

,(} .' ..!

st'4<.'cr, t'cti..J: :,o,/;;:;{;f7,W) tv'.d(), ~.:£d£P:Fd:.(l (jnp,t/l(

5 ~5(.f-{ iur t; ,ell ba.!-€ sir.f I·P'!) ~, ~ trI,'#; /.;a,r4i1<-/dtri c? j" .,.oL.tk. fie } .... f-fij. ,~, c/.ju..r,d -ks excu;;f.I/Iu:·· .. _ r ,. 4S}.A .. k.",_'~'

r- ...... rill... 4..QA.£r'

j tip, ttJ ~'.cr;.;(. c/./J..(INi.,

(6) Fur Fir,.·=- ~9'~'56'IJMPfi ;;F~f>&~;;- ljy? - 45 z: £3>·56" /vif/p,

(c) 6f~

~ti{ A~LP·\ber c"1 rr57".tl7){ dw,f.d_

,j

AltkA : -# 2, we I.:_MI,t~t~ /I~;GeJ' r;f pG'/« cltw.r.c.(

J

~'>/'."t..mht r;.f V'{)/(£ cl"J:..r.:;./~. 1m- &44 eli.I'Tier

J j

MCO.-A = );"-0··8;; -Af=- z: 7;0 == 395 cilAN'd)

(d) Se·~ f>rNnpk 3· 3

j'

-:;. D" - .~ s: O:R

- - . - ,·· ..... 0 •. .,.

ray 'f- cell rr,ux· N~ 4~ . )(};; &; -z: /l2 :: 5·"6 ~) D::;.?.'· .4 6.1:;

./ ... 1.,1''\

41

~:

8) Mininym SIR

In ordee t~ COll'lptlte the mifJifi:lIIIlI! SIR a,ttpe mobiJe,w1; 'Deed to d,()'~ermll.le tlLe Il!~mber of ]nteriering base stat-iot!!; .in eacilp'OESibl,e c;OlII3,gu.<atiQn., wh.icll CQ. be dOllie by iilJt;pediIl.gF~gunl$l !iliad 2.- 'Table 1 ~[}'MJ th~ :m.l.rn~ ClHIlI~erfe:r'rnl\l base s:tatww ill tih~ iJ.rnt tler, w,Den 3, SOCW!rll (BW = 120"') aad i3 &ectOf'$ {BW ""'600) u!.! used, fbI:" d:wlter slses N "" .:3 l'UIiQ 4.

lMng express~~lil u), we dete:mlwe tbe m:lnim~m SIll (.npp'forimatiolIi) :in enM .oomiiglllratil[lu (path IQll\!Ilexpommt fi :; 4,), Results are ~;hO'i'lll in Tab]@ :2',

Th!!!rerlilr€, cluBf.er .si:l:~ N ;; ,3 Cli:nllot I:lell~, siuce toe ~in!lI\uin sm sehleved ~ below .s1 It' "" 18."7 dB" 09 '~he odill~r ,1:il1lllQ., ib()th ooWigilJratjon:sw;i~S d~tef si4e N "" 4 are feasible, ~.gard.i[lg co-cb8Dnel .wterfilll"e.~c:e {lL'lSt!iliJd:ng, that iii,

difi'<el'enCl€! of 0.1 dB is .ilc,gli;ibleJ. - -

h) M@mlJrTl C!:IfTi-iid tru.J:fic per ceU

Let 1I.!£i, DQIW computer the c:MI'ied traffic per cell, wJ:l,eD s(!'Ct\lriDg is 11:500. As we !wow, ea.c.h sect.;) r ill MSigfleC a. iUbse't of the set 0;( m(tlj.lleis assi~w w tbe e,er!.

Fot ex.!Lmp],e, .lor dm;t~r sire N ~ 3, each cell is ass.igIl.oo. 300/3 .'" 100 ·clIao~els, If six seetors are emp,]oyoo, ·each. sector ,is; a:!ISigned 100/1(1 ~ 116, ch~e1s. llsl~g Etl:lLl;!.g B iiJ'rolUl.<i, we find that elIdu BeCtOt CM"nes {II. mw:imtlm traflk M 9,.83 ErlMg:s fit a. l:ifolc.king pro:babili:ty ofO"l)2, Tlu:lfe£or,e', th€ m.mmum t·r:e.ffic,c:&crrie>il by eadl oeH is: '9.83 x 6, ;;;;; 5S,Qi7 .Er:laJilgs. Repeating (his pr"ll(:'ehrnl:, we cu. compute diE ma:cimu.m cm-i:ed traffic p.e~ cell fm other beamiwidths and duster sizes, TaMe 3 pl\f!geIJi£S the resulta.

Tsble ]: Number'.of int$d~ring base st~tjollS in the f1rsit tier (~o,) wben 3 s.ectOT:!l (B'W"" 120'") ud 6 sectors (BlV .,.~) Are U-~.

INn ,B'W "" tjO'" I .BW = 12~ I

I: ~ ~ I ; !

Table 2: Mini.miY_fl1 Sf Ii .acbj~v.ed wh!!!). :sectori:n.g is used, rOir .c::lu-'>ter si~es N "'" :3 and 4

11&.1 dB 2US dB

14 .. ,3 dB 18.6 dB

TaME! 3: Maxi:wll.m cam~ t:rafil.c: per ooU (in Erhm,gs) wnell s:ectOl'ti'ig: I-S used, for tlnster !li-zes N =3 IUldi4. :300 cltlWQ,llils: available' in the' system. P:~ :;;; Z%

N II BW = 00" B'W -= 12()!,

.3 58.97 73,.8S

52.5J1.

3.2 r Crm;i ',j'

i!'.'.' "j)ll" :siX ~qnr~

IlW" 120" Ih.~ Se.Cl<)f\

BW~'6!I< ~'s.c;;il:rn,

8W- tao 3,~ .. ,

llf C' J: 6

L'J), i!] (C\) Gi~v~ ./t;M = '$ D'Xlo ': &r:t ()f p'lTSO ,/0T$~ =>i,5)110,

J t ,.;._ (,J.'S:;: J.r X105, (at 0. J. ...•.. aiver-

Cff' .... r oj t{ p.P.M. S,p&1'} '. P -f ::;; )

t~e~ .. (a.,d.::. $SX10$.,We ~,

t1t1 .~~ oj 'Ph, 6(J.~e .~ 1~ s we C'U'€8.f;,1-e tv mstatl.

AI' -;:: 4.r. - Cffl~'{J'" Cui _ . oX/a 6 .... /·5 x{DfJ-5>vps ~ ~

Cbs 5Xt() 6 ~

(b) 6-irM /1/= .8 ceus . frotd. =r ~Jl At.(>T':: !4o/CjTJ~. =-> UJI;I€fl'jf {J.I(!fl ~f -eeuA rel { A ,~fl' ~ A;;!' z: if =:;:=/=7=~'£"=J:=' =!n~ S;;,(.f_ ~.lh :" 2,,6 e', .rA2 have

~ ~ Pit ~ j~?-f . · ·ii!·6kJTi

( c ) Am-- e.ru:A ~. ' .' 0", c.A, t~pn-,n~ J'!?"I.f. .. .,p. a.g..... p-.= §"Q);/7:= $, 6iJO.

. . 0- '" c.,.v..." •. ,..,TIC#"" J fJ .

AHQ..tu ~ J}U/l)'brw oj c«!:EYlr~ on t/t£ fir>! dO of SCrv/U ~5f1 j !k j 1n5 /;(II~ ~4t~, 17 -Me ,eNl1 tk ~tA reM" oj r./~@, v~

G;: ( 11rf 2/r17111-t 2)4) .p s: IS,/'1'P

fv:e ~ ,G ~ $IOX.I() ,I .~ .l5MP~' /o.x/'(J,6

. f). )4 >- IOX{o (,_ /oxlo 6 ,

. .... IS'P"- ·('r." .. ~. = 1lll·J

. ,. . .;#. )'v'Ooo .

CHAP7ER 4

00.) Pr= ~ &r_ l~F 4.1 .~ {:Dye i)~)(Y~}~ ~.i.9~O-lt VII

(4'lrY dO: (41r) t ( lI()4y "". _ '9 ( dB n1

b) Pc - P,l' A. - ~;J: l A.. .ii£ .&:_;.

A~ ~ __ielL. E ~ R-. (~2Qit' )(41,1)/ Al Gr ~ 3 ~ ~lD~~ ~/M

4fr

U 5 4.1~ ern ~ "" ,U~-aJl

t: 3. x m~

J "" ! '" 60 X H39 .~ 0.006 ttl

]. ~J G~ - o, ... 29 dB

Pt ~ 30 d.Bm

A = 7"'" tt005 m 1m

WOrn WOH.m

'-,' 4:1'!do ro r., 'hi ',,' 2'{1,!oglo ............. ""2>0 laglil ~' "" 68 dB

>. - UJJtOb

f(.l' ) d':._

P 1.1 a~ + 20,lo8'IO ~, ..,' ]08 dB

PL({l~l + 20 lo'£h~ ~ == izs sa

do ""
ell =
,~ =
PL(do) ~'
PL(rld' "'"
PL(d~) ~ P. "'" PI + Gi + G r ~ p L ~ 30 + :29 + 29 - P L"" 88 - P L

P,.(dD,) ~ 88 - '68 == 20 dBw

Pr-{ t1h ) "" 88 - 10'8, = -20 dUrn

p" (d~J ;;;::: B,8, - 1~1! "'" -4(1 d,Bm

v - /4 p~ R,.", tr(dd -0.0441 v V{d:i) -= 0,OI).l5 \!

_[2

~f~,!Ii~~ -+ ,Jf1' ,_ ~l"t '~~!!i<l,6!~+~ Pii:!1 8, _ '/il. - ca:,~ 6; !.l.'l6; 9- Jfl' _ ,e(j$~ 9,

rJ,

.At. e~ = 3-!Jl

('No~: 9; ill th~ 'e<:j!!llI!I,u,QD, l'I!:f~,I.Q' the ,;;;g,gi'fibf!tW=::n the dino:;tm;ru of blci~~ ~,-ye ,Mid ~ ~!IC!;,)

Su.-j'ij,¢e ID1!Ighn= d~!:~ '1;I!l wtLwj~ngtb {~~I:!~) ~ ,rncid~' MgJ;:::. S~rftic.t ~p:pem":r,OI;l~ar" ~':itb ~ ,ilil~ o)i fnql.l~y 'Q<r Qe::rtM! gf jr.icld~t ,~!l~~ ~le be~'l\l'!!Ult~ direc-'Jon GI' ''.l.Il!!j'@f'ro~tlofl udtbe ~;u.-{I!.ol: ~).,

(10) (1 I.)

(12) (l,J) (14) ( 1.$)

(16)

(17)

(18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) {24}

(25) {2l6iJ (27)

1.7J wkti [J:: S!·, r;i;;; a

=-"'. r7 _ ~ tr~ tit -1' .,ifr - &.? 'd!t'

- J 1'1 _, :: 0

fr~ 6// 7- Fe. _ /":;'"l£,.

,~ Ilr(.~ ~,t

.~ - f",·S;...tf),: 1- If.r- w:/6J/' e 0

;;::? .i 2,. -tC:, ~6'i .~y. ":s":'tYt"

~ ( £-~-1) 5,;. ',r9 r= ~r -.I ==P r: . o. ~ J£",.--_{

~ CfJ

If"r"- J

1.~ I (oJ /1tL aJ(t#JJ,~ oj t/'.i iil""fi~.p1;j j'nWitl rej{edw, MfiJel

~ tk ~>i> ,oj r: t: .i6. ~ it C-:ickn t. ~ tfu

(.41(€(l rM ~ a: J roWM1rejte4er.t J»:/(J JUT)) r= WW€l!1!

~;tf:~re:;:;,~ T: J.~: ~~~ ~~

}'170!,~ )-kutcr;S s,c.r..cA M ternt.il~ Hie, ve;etD.t':rDJ {VU;:/

bu..ddi?Js. .

( b) ,G8Mrd~ j WtLfI1 d » I o (At + At'") , we (a.n ra.3 tli&tl d » At fAr, d4I iY~ ~11'J :Mi. two >~f ;~r/d "

Fer 1u::.~5;n, ltr= JfTI" d= );50m

d «: 10 (ht f Iw') ~ 320 In

H~41u! ~~!!:!." .. _T:t._:~!~~ [~M£ k. ~~~~'.

herr ,Iu . .:: ,om .... Ai'" =: /·5 h1,~d"= 4-fjoM d "> /0 Ol.tt 4) =- 315m

/lefJte' tk. t~ '7 Plotiel ({JUt; he ri"ej.

4'7

4. ~ {Ul1 tid

(n 11.5"'1 Pk two fAi{ "",del., we {#Jt fee tir;t( iii '&'"'1'

J J . J

diJ.ta.M?-h, ~ -,eteiwi r= f~/-'5 off rrith kfNce ytLisd'

to t/~ 1;j11.J"tA .. ~ {ff cd tL rtJie of 4vdB/dwule, (/.4(1

) j J

t/urEa:I-Hd p~r aA{i Pt,Lth .eot§. ()_N! ";n,~dMt ~i f~t-,'"£~

j ) e f!

[1J L1 z; .du_d'

:: J(.ht tArt .Fef2 - fO~it=-_lul%.+d-;

z: d [/1 (-AtJ! )l;]t ~ d l f-t (MjA~YJf

For d » At t Itr, ( b,t, t- I , ( A<:/,,)' < -c I U'sry T:;Iay- 5en~e:s "/7)Y:~At,~'an. we IrAve

£:, ~ d [N :f .(AtfAY))J - .d[·C- l-t; (. llL-Ar'l.,l]-

cI -.' . .£.' d -.I -

=: d- i[ (At/hf)~ - {&~-Iu/J

= d· f- fAt-itt' . -

- t - dt

~ 2'M ·Ar

- or

)~JEJ Wit11 d » Iw tAr J we kpe

Apt.rox~e

7) .

EXiJ..£t

.d.c.1.@~ ! ~-=----

~

a}

). I::
- f ~ 11 I 579:rn (8.)
P.(4) ~ l' _ " (Pr.GtG.Ji<" (9)
",Olog!Q r(41l'd):!)
I Olo,g10(1 sn X ~ X 2 x O_1597z
- (4r. Wp 00)
:1<
~ ,1010&,1110,,58 x W-Hi'} (11)
~ ·-9MBw ( 12)
- -68dBrn (]3) b)

(H)

(15)

lEt ,~

(16)

d] haorder to rue tb~2-r.t1_Y model approximation, the foliow1ng ,eond.itiem must 'be beld

(.18)

Since, di= 10000 ill, we can use the' follo ... 1ng equasions fo, the 2-iray ground reflection mode! I

RC' r» h;h:

Pj,.(W}:: ,~. i~"7

" , " 5!IYU52 "'" 5(11j:] • .2 " -.-.WOOD'" ,_ 5.625);; 1O=]1W

p,,(dBm). - - 7'2.5 dllm

(19) (2D) {2] ) (22)

_ 4.J~1 (&I) ~: JJ~lI, -; :: J l FfE· p:z :: jJ:-+A? ~ d'.,/lf (~ •. ~}

,~'l.,1

51

1, 0:/ A general des]#! ,w~ f()ir _rni,c:mw~:ve ]tlOO ~. 55% d~,~re of tiJe .first Fresnel zone. Fora 1 km link at. 2,5 GHz, what IS the ImHlXlmWi'1 first f"resfi.eJ zone redtus? \Vha:.t clearance is required fQr t.his Sy\SWIII ?

$oluMQfl

(23)

Fer the first Fresnel zone: II-.l- Th(t milXimlllID Fresne.] zone r,oo~us occurs fer d] "" dOl ~ 5Q.Qrn,. Us!.tLg, EqlJ.ll!:ion, (~,_j6).L~' Fresnel zone radius is found 10 be

] X 0.12 x 500 x 500

~ fid'I -'~.' ''''. "" 5.4B m

"Ll'~i' + OJ'VIJ

(24)

Thus, 55% iirst. F!1IlSl1e] zone elesraace wuclcl require at lea.;;,t 5,48 x 55,% "='" 3J:Hm. nbo\!',e the obstructio.[I to the LOS path as shewn 111 the f:<j.u(B be'lo, .......

Rx

Fresnel Zone Clearance

'Tx

4]] ]):i~ ~Ml"d~""fb_~ .... te.b ~h" b~ 61 ·the ~:r:Lt1( 1I.'!1!b~, in, Fig~L

. .

.. _.:.... . .. _ o_. I 11'."",.,: _ _ : __ _.

. ,.t, ,.; .•..•... _~_ .. --- .... , .... ,I •• :._ .... D ••• ~ •••••• ,of" .11 ".-.'.' ••••• ~ ._ •• _oo .. ~ .. o_

I ._ •• ~ •• __ • '''~ II _ •••• ~ •••• _ •• _ ••• i .. '· ;, ••• •• ~ •• ,' •••• __ •• _. _. !. __ ... __ ~ ..... __

. . : ~ :.

. .

" " ; .. ,,-- .. -~ .:' .. --.'.~ -- . .; -~- -;. . ..

. . . .;: .:

. - .

•• ••• _"._ •• _o __ , ... ' .... ""m .... ' ...... ',".,' •••••••••••••.•••• __ ••••

~~L_ ~1~~-=~~--~~~"~~~,~~~,--~~~~~~,~~~~,,~~.~~~~~ _""lfiHfl

1_.fll 6h,...../J It ~row,. Gt::.lt>d8:1()~. L» /d-B==-I",25tf_

r:; r ;;;. 5 dl:; 2,; f~ ;::. CjO'r) 11 tie, d:: 5~li1 ~DOC = SCOOm ~

/Ve Iu.r,vt A(:: f; i 0'33J (.trJ) tv~ d r= ~'e rE.ltff-01

",1.?. '01A'k D _?t. 6r'6r'A/ _ ltJ'Y'/O)(2/ ,,,.53J.~

j rf"(fd~ - ---_~ __ - _ _____......

.e r (471)Ld~. 1 ,(171)'x(50{)o)Kl.lS7

, 1-13 Xlf)-t(w) _:__ ~53·5 dEM

,:-

4l:1o!m ! htWd.'ii : ~

1'. .if, /. ~.~ I' ~ 51"l

_o_,~~'.~l_!~ __ ~ ~~~~ .-= =---+-~-- __

k,...___.-- ;.K .... _~~--.,!:i<-~-_ :.k,!Y"---~""'_";;i'

we

.; ./9 (,,.A t 'd

Uw',(S- h.obSlt..r.ie -At z: 4-00-60 == 0,.1/35 9 (3::3:: 0'/1285 (r:a.t/)

d 1 1D'OO

ru'r;:;:: II ~,lst~:d~ - A 1"_ 1-00-:$ ~ {). J 175 - - ~.P = (I 'fff 5c( ltU! ~

d, 20M /

- d,.J. (O,n$

- .. O';1lfil 'J.6·0 >

z: -f/'5 dB ..

.. 9 Ph.(.~J~~d z: P"lfe >.f)a ee ( dB In) + 64 J I

== - 5J.s- 1/·3

- - l4/. \'.I _lB

- - /7· if' (It ..• try

. -)0 -f!~"S5 d w to al'~lfrtt<,tt:Un Ld z: !Pet·yO; (l'- Pnie.:~ :: 4J. 3 dB

~.~DJ (o.) f. == 50 I-1Hl ==;> A[ ~ f = 6 m

~ r;.i'ees~ z: Pt ·Cfcar.A/= i" 4G.x lo-6{w)~~t3'.4 (dg/l'j) . t (f.1fY. c;r· t

ti';:: vJ.. /2 d~,·t/ l . ::- o .. 3 f}/'2x j J1 !,,~(> }(J. c:m... z: t, IS"6

, ), d Jt"I(;f~) .' b )(6p:.o-t2~q;;) .. ...

;:'>' Gd =M ('61.· ... ' ( .. (1'1.1.. 5:). ;:::: ,e2t;. PIJg ... '. . 1(' 0 '~lS.)- =- - rs -7,', d.p•· ...

(J' je' !:/ (7 101 "156 .' (,9.' 0

-, flee&1tJ ;;- f/nJ!JjU'f! t C:J ~ - 23~ '4 - 2,~· 7 z: ,_ $ J. I dB hJ LJ := - tid ;; 311 elB

4'1-0 Cant 'd

(

(b) [, = r~btJ fi1 Hi .~ A= y: ;- 0'158 (fr})

.-) Pt~~'?'(c:; Pt·Gr.~r.)./· := to: rIM z: -br>{d8try)

. ('ilJT)~·al·L

V - d' j::.drd~ ;:: o-3t.>78 ·fi)'.~~~Xk~o :;i ~l'1

,,' )'[ rd'fd7j - 6'153 ;;S~G

-'. r: .... -.' z: a ». . ...P .• (,.··1'..,)'J5) -'A ad~·.· f"G ..... l~>."')' - /,.tr.5 d:M

;..< W',~ ""-""v u,;o . = .' _ .;:( . ..,'"W _ _ - 7T-.' .' [;)

(/ ~. '.' . 31·9 .

--> PIfrt;tifL{;: f}.H{~f{ -+ G d ~ -60'- 4- r-,5:::: -/0':.5 d B/lj LeI.: - Gd ~ 41·3 dB

PLed) -= p~ + J.CM.1Qi!,\o/d.;,) . pt,,{d,;) ,~PLo '*" l~lC€(d;ldG) T-4

El'I'D'j' b,e't;M.'o;o!I'"J rot ~,'II~rneD\!!I 'l'_nod th~ P:l:'eWit'l.j(ln;

- . a:.

%; = PL.;(d,) - P4 - 10tl.lcg(~)

MSE:

... N' ,,t

~ 'C""';? =0 ..!. ''\'IP~ - 1'4, -l!htl~(f)f"" F(n,}

.1\' ,-. N ,"'_ "'"

. ~,c:i 1-aJ,

d F(n} '" 2. f:2-/Pk - FLo - Io.-dog{~ }l(-~{jIi;!iG: J '= €I

a 1:1 N ~I, . 0 .

r..::l{i" L" - PLoJ!<>g t

l:J = 2:!llO('!(lG *)2

~)

Q (-'-3-:=:-'55)) =- a (?) == Joi:

.a . .q. . 77'--'~ CJ;;;;;; 1-2/ '~D;'_, ·5 Cfo

4.2~ (el) Fer irert >;pale /)r ~ Po (4, •••• ~0 ~

r 'J ,P C7' ..

crt·ve/l Po;;;:).rJ -6 (w) .~ - .3l" «B m .tdo ~ 1 KI11 _

,FtFr d= 2'km, Pt";;:: !f)~6" (/)\_ 2'5 x/I)-1(w).~~3ldfJM 5Imtl~~ ,}ir d= ~- !:n t Pr ~-?4 d8!"'.'

_ Fer cl z: IQ letrJI f) r ~ __A()

.t f, '- - 5< (11,;':'511)

~. d:= ~(J' ,krTjI I py;;;: -.56 diFry

56

FtJ7 d:: 2Km . Ff5t d= S/(M Fw· d,; IO}:::m , ,FrY( cd ~ a ~ (::m'_

Pr;;_ to -6. (d)3 ~ 1-;7x /ttT(W):: - ir dB !ry fr ;;. - ;51 .d B m

Pr ;- - 60 dBIn Pr ~ -" dEIlJ

pY.~ p~ (~b/*

FOt cd ~ 2 ft_J7J , Pr:: - If)· ·d B /YJI .F~Y d~ 5 j: M~ Pr;: -£8 dgM

([it d,:; (OKPI i pr ~ ~ 70 dt-PJ . hI'"' d = dotml p,.: . 8'~' tliln;

( d) F(!:r .~~ r·tI~} fflf.JJ"uc/ l!;f!cGlilth hi odd a£.11 &ver"d f.jS5kr

P. "" '. " p." L .. ~ ~ D "L> [.l \ /. \< c:l,·

t(d~) ;;;;..,.t·..,n.ll' n ~) It s: lr<l~~/·~411j· C/'"

{1-Tli d .. ~ 6:( - 6: r " ), o~

6l-ven Pr:= /o-6k;, d»> IFlh I" 6t:; Gr =()d~= J. A~j- .. c ~o!t6Jm

. I~ J'

::I. ft::;;: _) Q"i> 7, f4fri)! o~ .. f .~ s. 61~' x h 3 ,( :W)

J x I J{ "'166l~

f ro'n J n /;!fJJrl 4, /2.1' vt:r exaa fY!T~'],;,1t)n i>

D (.n _n-6t Cft)j,~ A /'. ",.,:f{jf40). '. L. ". A'l 27T 02.'",. -At'

t r c;.f / - " l" '7 . ~~ W/'lJ.J',~ lY,k:: ~ .- fI:<r.

(111) , d ' v z : , ...A d

h d 0" 2ff. 2~5 .".. -

.(;y ,: 2Km ~ r9a.~ . .., .. .;n"~ .. of ."' .. ·0 =- ~.SJJr .. ". red«

u ""~l ... 01'0 7.· :0 ... ._<

" :;. PI' ~ 5·,6)9 :I/("Jc )t' I.d /(~ #6 7Y r, c: t. A k /

(4lt) 1. .x (.i(~DQ)2 ~. X -rX~ (7'";11& )

- s}? Xlo~ f [w) ....: -3 i·J 3d BlrJ

S ~;!a.r/J ,Ftff 0= 5/GM.. .&4:: 1-8(;9 md:.

"-) pr 0:::' s.tt» f.f)-8(w) =- todBm

Fere!:::: to km , &~ ~ .1- '~."f ra4~. -~ pr = 7 '. 64 ,xJ{)"(w) :-...: ~5hlldBp}

-70

.,,:~~<~.-,-.-

! ,

~ .. -'fWQ~ - - !.,loCi!

, ! .,' ·i ,

,,'

'.

a~'

C(i"i1lI) Fig. pCB

, ,

• J

, ,

" i'

"

8

,

~O' 101

doilm)

Fig_!l'4_24

, 1
1'~ 1.8 .2IJ 58

1~2Z. Ut&t'd

Ffrr d:; J. tJ /< /rJ' . 6'ti~' tJ·":5.~ ;,(p.i $

:::.=/ F'r=: 5.o1,,/{)-I{)tl,!'l.!)== -63 dBm

('€) For Ext~ded li4: lnvdd.

L5o/) ({.i.r-Mn) ~ 46·3 f~3,~erg ... ··- J.(~. i~~g2 & .. ' .. j A,t - a( ~r) +

7 (! ",J ~ (7 fill

. (-N, J - o.5JA .... ~fI -. ht) ~ .. ? .. d -f (/01

V"J.f~ ,d'=-

ftt~K! {M = 3 .e fn ~j'f Ci.~

C\ (ltr) = 3-Z (tq/I.75 AI"': f'- 4-,Q? dEb it' f::.tj<JoJw1/tl!

01., JV.

j a (At) ~ 3·) (~d'~ (!l15)l~)] ', If·97 ....: c;'67 do

-

..)f..,ce L!tD (I Km) ~ 1-39-3 dB

--;;: p,. ~ pc (J.[jI1J) - [ l5;t:I (d/..oj(I"d-Ljo (j /(m)]

:;:- ~'O- .[145-1'1- Ij1~~J ;" ~ '9-.0·32> dBm

51:mdlU-~ , E 0I::! r<:m / t~ c/,;/o r'n · iffr d~ ;1ti It" m ;

Pr =- ~5i\fi7dBn pr z: ,-61·4- d&fri P r ;:- 7-9. 'cl dJj,I;Q

See tAJ: riATLAB TffJtam pt23. m cud FiJ- f4_23. 1.241 ScetN .MArLAB fNJr~m ft.N-~/7I ·aM FrJ·r4_2'1:

It (OJ'!' be seeo jWrTI .tJ..J. I11M·1! tllR.:l w.~ .d >5 km.,; ~se' t~t< d <5rl;:-f7?, I tAt )rv.x/t:h a,iryUf-

5~

J1fe ((l.n UOfZ tIv O/flVvIPw1ion 7;';s!fA'Cl oj tN€lf_4;,c! (11W':1i~ ?rt (ettul~ Q $fem =r

4.&1

,a) H~doff~'L"IW independ~~t eV£llW: Pr,.1 < 'fi •. ,liO and Pr.~ >- P,..rn!,,' Therefore,

ti:J,e prob~bH~i.y tna't a h,and.Qfi oeeurs il;guve~ by . .

1i1i'he!r'~ p~,J and Pf,.~ are toe rece.i"Bd SJ,gnats a;t BS1 and IJSJ.i res~ect,ive'Iy. Pr,l i~ given by

(3)

... ,

(4)

T"beref{lre, f<>ra givetl:dls:c!I;Me d;u·,Pr.1 Moil P~;J. a~(! Gaussian '!.\'iUillb!es ''IIt,it-1i Standard deviatjclll a slid! mea.ns rnl aad lli2, respecti'l'uly.

Tbu5.~he p!"obabttit.y P';rjPr,l <: P."l'l'o:, is

_ l""HO ~ exp,f-{z -;lLF}. ax'

-00 V:.llra: t 2:0' ,

_ 1 ~Q (, P".HO- mL),.

. a: .

{5}

(6)

Pr(Pr,:l > P ..... '''j'

Su'bstit'l:ltil!ilg (.;3)- f7} illta. .(.2) i "We hIi1i'e th~ pro babUit:}' tb:a.ta handofF ,0«:11;.,,£ as a :1i:.I!I1ctiQIIl .or the dilii-tnnc:e ,d'~. figure 2 sb.ows 'the recel'Ved ;ar,e.a average power at b,oth bM-€' st.i!!tiollS (m, II:.LIG ffi:l) (Not roquiroo in Uu~ hiiJ.P!:le'f!;·od:ll Figilr'€' J $how,s t.1l.e prooabilit;y tnat ,a nruliooH' oeeurs, aloog with the prohabil.ities fr[P .. ,L <: P.,ROJ and Pr[Pr,'2 > Pr,,,",.,j.

1:1) From the I),iot in Figure! .3" t.b~ dist<Ul.ce d:~" such tilM the .prooobU!ty tha·t iii ~laJ!lidoll',o(lc1Jirs iseqllall tQ,80%, is ri"", ~ l{lOO ID_

L,_ 2·· tJ

I.· _ .....

,ft/n,lIJ ~"H"'.r r3.

~,

~,~rilllll5', Fh",,,_, ~".IIIlS,

" .. ;-. __ .

~~~~.::o ...... .:.::. ....... ~-:,.... .

.., .., ~ - ._._ &_- .-'~- "·::'·:--·;;'-":::iL.':~i.~~C_-

.u",L.."~~"""~~..!...-~,,,,,,--~~~--,:-:-~~"'_ __ ...L._~.,...:J

a p ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,~-[iOI)

. - .. ' _. .. - _.

. .

. .

/' jr;

,," ."t.",

r .

_ .. - ... ~ "~-'--'-'-:""

p.

,

..

,.

!. - .. : .• II ••• 1"_

I '

. (. J.

.~ ;/

J ,

Ii'1:QIl. II'1II1.1 I';j,~ 9!>'lL" i'I!f!\" P..J

IPIi'[P'r::I'PI~

I[J.~. I

,It

..

~.

I Q.1

Q

.• ,! ... "

10

;000

"200

b.'

; .

fztc] rk {N-&' crfW!r"Je levU

()( Y) == ~j(~ J P~6[ py{t) > yJ ciA - ._ ~;~ hi PJ-oh [/r(rJ>)Jj' y·dr

- 2.·. .... (f!. Y." a {' Y -. "s,(t} }.~.. c

j?~ JI:l' I' . ~ -i9I,

)1,jf:J: J.~ .. t.· '_ - . -I .... .. . .....

'A.f) s ~ I ~j l 7 ;.--t J'lJ. to (5). .v~ Ob fain..

.0 ",id (X).. ~ ....

... , 1I;..T] -:r'

. .... -. . ,. . . .;; ')!;;" . ... ..

fA r)J) - 2" - b .. s-« t:: v . f31j (- tJdr

~.<f . r:

- I e -7/. .. QQ -2;.

_. - .. "" . h. .

2. 1- --b.· .:. e <. er1··· .. ·· It) dt

, ~' - -;StJ

d I. Lrait+ I d

f - 2(0 vt.

t(5w.JJ tAt in "r" ferh:~:{cr

a f erj fA ;() e ih dif =: .~ -e S'er! (Ax) - /; Mt(t;, )e1(h-~)

! J"{J/;1 (4) we M ¥e

J I

U tr J z: } {t-erf{tlH e f'::~ I '~f,tj ( jbaE~) 1 j, _ (5) _

wkn .~ ~ o , { 5") ,b-U-&'t.f,,5

u ( V) = :Jr- (I + e;! [I'" erj (i)l}

(,6) ,

Cw = ~DKfll ,

~ n()"'5~ flwr ::; K·E~· F·];. "w/1.J.H! I< i-j. Bolu.n~ CUn.:;Uy,,( t: -=: d 10 <Of::

-.? /1 tOf~ f{dW :;: I- '8:00-! ~)(- 50 I lo}}; l-)X :{ fo

, == 7- 5 C XIO -!6/n,) ~ -!2)~2 (,.rI fJh)

~ t;/m.: 5Ifc(1 Y.::; !l:o (if jto:ur ( dlh'l) 1- SIv j? (d!J )

:: - 12/·2 -+ .,;z_() ~- /0/.).' (d E~)

S n,Cf. r.: Pre d~IA_') > YJ ;;;: ,[) ( 1'- Pr(d~j) :;; 0, CJ5 We hNrl:

fY" . I~

V ~ i11dh«) ~

c ~ ~ -1'645

-=? Py{d($,'~,") ::::: )J -; f. !4SrS ~ -/ W'l-+ lie; 5 X 8 ;:; - .8?· 09-( d&/7J) (if;,~ A:: rs w-~ A::: 1 ~ 01611 P1.. Gt ::/ldl ;;: 15,[5_

.J

by·:: 3 dB·:: 2

f) .. _f). _ R . crt . fiJ,.. A <.

=; r » t,"!,:, .. _ _...-=:."t-----,..._ ~ __

. ... ("-:·17/ - d.~

~"t" '" 64

1-27 CorJ.' d

_ IS7- 15,85 X?~ a-fUr ~ 11573 »« ~(W) ::: -1~-71 J 8m

(4 i'i)~,. Uo,o,,)~

(" - - o t2 (. f.). - I/ .. ('d'A)\ (dl€~)' - to-n l.d;·.:.·..... (dlliiF< ... '): )" we k;e.

._) /?1 L '- rr . '" ~. - f" ..,~ .' '"' ~ 0: If! d ~ . ,

J 4& (d",ax' R (J ). _.

OX.'·d~o-dQ') =: r""'O- Py(dJttP<)' =-4&-71-(-S§-fl4)

=) Pd.' ~.:. /0'1

~.'{I 4' - /", (J~

. J .~"

- ~ C&'ltAJ("':' /S. 1. (f:J"l)

.l.lwr = k· Bw' F· t:

j .' =- r38 X!O -J.JX ,oXI(j'jxIQ~ 1.(12 ~ l2x /o-l};(w)

::: - iI r. 2. (i8m)

.~ ~~N!5.~lJ y::: It o{f,1.. f~r ( de iii) i 5# J('( d8) =~I.lJ,2 -t25 ~ -Cj1.) (dBIrl)

c

611#'41 EIRP ~ Pt-tr=}{)Cw} G)':; 0015= I. d~:=, /Kh", )1":::', =O-3#~

pr ( &1 c ) ~ Pi- . 6t ,,fir - ),~ z: lOG;/. j)1 cd 5) l _:_ 1 0£. .' _~('. .)

, {4 trY, d/ (1;r il. X/(W())2 -. "- I';ei 0 < W,

-= -1/'5 dBm

Ftrr d .. 10 /CPl" n = 4 -

p, (dJI :: Pr{d~)~ I o-n.BJt,,,( ~) ;; -1-l5-'to ;;:-,8/·;; dBY}

~) PI' ( P,. rc/) -;- Y)~ 0. (L .. P;{J)J ;: Q[- 9'1-2.- (-3J~!)1

cr . . -----~T J

- () (- I.sa l5) =- fJ '9'11-

?ore J),. ~~ (J(f)' -e- Pl(J) .. IO&B~ - ila[3~,JjOj~{f~~')

- Co ~ ~,2.'l~) JB", ,,'tYZ .. 9'~ ,dB~

(d) Pmd.k:t L!:!~ 2i~lli1()(J(J t.~L U';r; .[tCtivcd ~i.g:nall~deJ.2 km wilt be ~ i[1Wi -35 dllm.

Ex:press yom- answer as a Q-fun~niim:l.

?<" l r;. (lk'~) ~ ~5d"5'MJ_ ~ o [ -oS :;-~2.q~)]

-GC~) ~ Q(O.~I) Z Q [.1')

~1.3-q (i)

From thef.lll.per, "The fi'rs(Frem~J lcme is dmfillied as all ellipsoid whose foci <!lJe the tr:msmLtand rcceilve <.I.[lttIUlI!'!S_ The di:;tmc:e from einh~r ilIl,temL::I, t,o a jloi!lt on toe ellipsoid and tac,k to tlle other aeteana is l.l2 greater tan !be direct path d~:;,i:.'itnc-c, TI, ~O""'-'II ia FigLJi"le;, Thelore~ poiot will be considered as tile dist<l,m:;e: for wb:icJh the giollild begins to obsnuct ili,e first Fresnel zcae,"

We wish (to 5bowtD,lil. the dlstance, o.,r, at whi,chtbi~ first .Fr!lsneJ zeue heco[Ul.!!i obsu\!E:'tc:d. is given by

So, Wi::waI11 the refle'c~ion pOlnt of 1i,'lo, ocearat the "break r'Oi:t:I1," SO we Gill! assume: that r bounce» i)'ffthe ellipsoid and rheu goes to ,the recehle,- aaienna. As a re:>ult,

)_

Ii'" - '" +,~

-. - 'I 2'

(2)

107

Now. we C~ usc IJ:I1a$e ~beory and: the geometry shown .i Il Figure 2: to' complete the

d.ctiv,!lit~ 01] of 'he ~:xpre:s:s,io[l filJli,aj .

, ,

, I

" .

.

'"!. n

, ,

_ .... LII •• '''''''' "' ...... .,. __ ~ ~ .. "' •• .". ~._ ... ,,,,,,,.,,, ",'i,~

We.see from the geometry thaI d:; oj. (hi'" hr Y ~ rl2 .and d; .+ (h~ ~ h, Y '" r2~' Now, if we net I: "" hi + h, 11m\. !:J. '" Jr, ~ h., fbi s I!cads to d} + E ~ "" r/a:Jld. o} -I- A2 -=. rl .. Subs;tinui.[!:g into (2},

b) (I) for ebstrueted C[!\ILrorrmtSlt!>, we usc a si:t:i~[e: teg,res;si'()"E"1 power bw model rel.ilti~g p.atb. loss to I-II.: s~aratiolJ.- From Table n ill the paper, we :m:a~ l.Ille the 'p,ath loss e:li.polJclii! n=2_56 for mm:smit :illiIleooO! ilcigln of 8.5 .m"

P£(d) = OOn}~O'ilIQ(d) + Pg

where PI ~ PL(dv) is dll!; path. b.).~,iilll dB at tbe :referell!:e diS't.alJce of d~ == ! m (II.t 19f1O h1Hz,pu ~3B,O' d.B. as,give,n in the pllpi:L The recetved! sigrDalpowflf is fouod from

1'/1. (JIJm)·;: P,(dErn) -I. G.(dBi) -+ GR{dBi) - PLed B) Since it was giv'~[j ttuu. the 'f!'$I:smil .il[JJd !"ece;iy,e: ruUemJas are lmity gain,

01 .. ON. -! "" OdD;; !he trans!1liu,ed power is Pi .~ WI' = ·OdBW;;;; 30dli'm so PAd'Brn} = 30{dlirlii) - PL{dB} - This.lt:ad£ to d],~ fO!~OWlD1g results:

89.2

-51..49

PUdB)

P,(dBm.1

,,[,-·R

'1,].4'9

U4.'8

01 For ,L.oS elD'I!irQ'runl}nt~, 'we IlSC the double regre.ssio.!1I modei, Theile are two possible rnoo~ls, .o:rn.eio whicin rue break poi'rlt is fi led ,al!i1e fi:rslFresnelz'o(lle CI'~<Inl..ilCle dqstance;, :&!'lId une iII. which the breilik point is deterrnined by a curve rit. Either is acceptable,

Fresaei Besr-Fs:

{Wrll)log,n{d')+ PL

(iOn1)'!og,~(il/,df }

P~(d') '" I _.., .'

. "" (WIll) l(!Ig I~ (d;r)

"'" Pi

MMSE Best He n; (d)",

(1 ON,' )1'O~hD{d) + P, (lOr:; )lo&1u (d I dl>)<

+ (1 Or.~)lo,g~i1(d.)

+ PI

ford>aj

fot I, <::'(J c d.~

Using the fo!IQwi:l1g values; from Tllbl.~ I uftbe paper,

I Med (8,.5 m) 1 2.171 3.36 IUS I 36(;

l\11I!:SE Best Fit

PUd.EU ~ P,(dEm)i ,

I

UlOw

;8,1.4 I -5L4

8111'.:8 1 -5:0.8

Fresae! Best-fll

I T-R

I 5~ m:

74.81' I =44 •. 87

UJ4.73 I -'14.73

CJ Since weare w>ullg thI.: log-norma[ sbaodo'i,'I'Lrlg rnlXl'cl,the rece~y,OO: !!in ~l1alll,ow,ers il] dBOl s,noul.d fit a Gaussi ,1[1 proba.biliCY dCI!l.~ity fuWlCti Oil., "'l;'"~tb mean values ~Q;U!411 to,tiDe' tpi\!Jili loss value's, calculared it) part 1>. As a result, wt:. may 'lise: tbe Q--functi.l)1] to ,o'I::[erm.ine the li.bi;eHhood that tbe recdved sigtlal will be greater dUll. oQIr equal to, 'oem'III. However" the Q-f\m,c;tj.on~t be lDoiJl'IIlilIK,,;,ed to have UU'l desired! mean and s[lIfJdlUd deviatioIJ.

( .xo -11l) ~.' ~~ -Ill)

Pr ,::;.- = ~ =Q(z)_

. (JI. ,0

70

(,~) III obsrructcd environmems, for l·R == so Ill. uSi~8.G == 7.67 from Table II; .

[. , ~ ,_.]. ,[ - 70 ... H49]- ." , .'

Prp'.2:-IOt.ifJrrr=.Pr:> 1_67 I",Q(-1.41)""I-Q(lAl)

Using Table f .! in IDe te?;t, Q(2.4 1'",,0.008, so rr[ p. ~- 70.1:8,1'1] "" 0.9'92 _ Tbus, i.here is a 99.1% lik;elll:iooil diat I:he received signal power wi~l exceed. ·7IJdBm_ 'Th4!! values for T·R = lOG In and I-R.:: inQO mare' cakula1,ed iII ii similar'manDer. leacl:ing to tbe following. je~u;lt:>:

T-R I

pr[ p" 2: -7Odlhrr]

$Olm I

(b) For LOS ellVlrClll.mernts, the I,ike;lihood is calculated in the same way as, for obsrruetedenvirnrunents.exceprthet cr=7_88 fo:nltll~ Fresnel b~~t fit, 1ll]dcr=i,23 for Itill!! MMSE Ibestfii (lfOiNlTllI:ble 1 oftbe ~apeF)_ Thh Ieads 'W tile fol!owing:.

t.i.MSE Best-fit

T-R.

,rr[p. ~ -70dlhn]

SOm

01,2,58.1 -,lo, 15JU %

d) The overbound model is givel1 by IT;: ",eQ.'~P!i~~' , wbere O"oi is tb~ rms delay spread in 1l1fl~se CO[),!i~, and rU·d) ill t!b e P!!Ul 1015$ if! dB, Us,;lIig the va;ilLle's calculated for path .1.oISS in part 2 leads to we (ollqwilllS results:

50m

J 199.71

115.64

I ORS 'cr~ (ns.)

119.87

198 .. 54

1 [401.81

9004.:56

7t

,eJ Let's .a:SSlmle dl;)1 the uoise figure of {I dBim::.ludes neise e·olluiblltion::;fn;:nu bOlh ifIe antenna ~l)d:the recei ... er, Th~1l the eoi:-;,e power referred to therecfl:rv.eriillpu~ is

N 0::: Ff.;.TJJ. ,. wbere k=U8x] (rl~ J/K :is Bo.!mrnm.O!';!j ,eorn:;UDI:, B is. the receiver

baudwidth, T{I is the.il>nbICiJt worn tC'mperail~re> ;mdF is we !iO\lSt figiW'C. We'll' asseme tilat r~ = 29iJ1 K.

f (If GSM, B == 200 kHz, S,CI

N "" FIlr.~8 = (H)'U ~ IUR:d 0-1) X290}(2JOOQOO)= 11.87Xjl(rl~ W '" -114.97dBm From class tH)les. GSM has ell: requirement of l3 dB, .'110 the .min,imUITl received sigi1!aJ rower ].CiI· GSM isP~"" ·U .. t97 -+- 13 c ·-1.01.91 dD:m.

for [S~I36, B ~ 30 kl!1.. so

N~ Fkl"ll ;; (lO,o"XlJExlO,·n X2:9{))(:WOOO) ~ 4.7"8(1)xIO·1o' W >; -l23.:2 :IdEm FrQlru 'CI;;liSS notes, I8-136 has ell reqeirernest of 14 dB, se the minimum :r~e'llv~(j s;i!;lua.1 power for IS-Ho isP .. ~, .. 413..11 + 14· '" ~U'9.21 dIm.

AJI o:fth.e ~cei'voo signal power values cakl1.ll~Jtedn!l part 2 for iboth obstrueted and LOS ~[lVk,o.OOie!:!ts are ~ybscai!lti:IJ[ly Iligl:ier tba.rt taese mi Ilit.nlllii requiredvalues, so tile I'e,rei'vers win not b~ t),o;lse-limlted., .at least l!Jjl' to .1 km di!j~ .. mlte. Thterdore,if we' IISfi~.me· (!\lat t.herm:d H·oiSe :is UI'~ QI!I!~y IDnjl:i:ng fSict(U"j It will 'be pO~$~ib[,e tl) receive either GS.M 01" IS-136 flgnll!h a~ tbe$@ d~!itam::es and in tiles@ enviro'!1lment,.;,

Now > i~C s cOllsidler t'he IUnitatiQIl! caused by the tim.!!: del!!;, spread, The' problel'" st.ar(lmenl says Will we :sh(lli~d assume ChOlt aE! a.d!apth',e equalizer is !Jot .iJleede-l m<:ibilc receiver when the symbol dfU:mtioll is greater thaD U.ltimes thams t :spread .. So, g~Ve:1]1 our e.srimatedvah.t~s (oums delay spread (laICII.bued i~

,oec.! to determine the minimum symbClI d:urnl!i:m, ,ormn:imum ~ymJ:i.;;;·

S,Q; that Wi:; don "( have to sse all eqnaUz~ -+ Isywblo,1 d~u·a.t~(iD I!!II!. E 10 ,

le;M!s; w' 1b.e f ollQ1,',' mg requi:r"Ctr.lenu:

4.30

T~R a~ (ns) Min. sigin~l Max. Symbol
per~od 'Ins) Rate (!i.Jlmb6~sls)
50 m I f!W.IJ 1991.1 5IHI,7!6
WOrn 3,29.04 329'6.4 3t13,361
WOOUI ] 74'0;63 ~7,4:{)6.3 .574S.l
5·0m ]29.87 1298.7 '70,0&1
lOOim 198 .. 54 l'9'8SA 51!Jr3,;677
B)O(l m 1141).82 1l401U: 87,fi56
5!6m 125.64· 1H6.4 795,925
lOlTlm .190,,'95 190'9.5 523.,697
HlO6m 9fl4,.~6, 9(.145 • .'6, 1.~,{lr,5_51 OHS

LOS f.re5Pf::I Il'f:'s1~Fit

.LOS l1:MS£ RCM-Fit

fmil"li Teble 11,.12; of tbe text, we !irDd that the (/,a't<l rate for GSM~s 270';833 bits/sec, and the daH1 rate 'for [S·1.36 is ,48,600 bil.~/sec. GSM LI.SCS one bit per symbol, 500 its symbol rate a!l.d data rate ~n:: the same. IS"l36 uses ro'4 DQPSK. SQ it has :£ bits per symbol, and it"symbol rate is bal'f1be data rai:~. or 2,4·,300 :s}'mhols/~ec.

r.f W(~ C.();]JPSIfI,;; the IS- 1.36 ~ymb(l~ rate .agal[!st tbe values calculated for the maximum s:ymhof rate allowable witHout ,all equai'iz.er, we, fi.t'Id~lJal thesymb~1 rate Cor GSMi:s tess [him ~he .ll1ax.iIDum s}':mbol WlJe for :Jill r ~R separMic!9sillali elwi:roruncIlrtS. Th'!::..refore" i~MlI hepos;'rible to receive IS-I.3,6 ~ignals in all eavlronmems at all T~R. :>tparn'tio,m, withom .an ,e!qll"di.z.e:r,

C(lmpanEl,'; tbe GSM syrnbol rale a$a.iIlSI, Itl]e ItIaJ:.imwn symbol rate :!1!liowaibl,e witn.o,l,!1 all equalizer, we find tha~ [lile ~yrnbolrale for GS.M 'b, less tnUlll the maximum symbol mit f:ou ali T-R !;eparati'oii5 in ,il.li enviwwllellt.'lf.XCEPT fOor a T·R separanen of 1

k,rn, \Vefind that fOi a T·,R sreparalio[! of 1 km, tb,:;: IIctw.l1 syrnboll1lte used in GSMi!i higb.e.r than the maxlmum symbol TMC :aIlQw<l!b~ewithollt ruJl equallzer. Therefore, we tillU't use an equalizer to receive GSM signals jp all eD'V'i.mtLmi.llrts at a. T-R separation of I km, For FR IlCP<trd!lQIJS, of 50 m iltid 1.00 Ill, an 'e.Q1~liz.er!s not reqilir:ed t:or reception or (iSM .~igIUI'll5.

73

.'

74

1 ~

j

:D?J 0) GI:r€n to1?J 6wd~~·idf;jl B~1/"t~4.~ ~ o/JAfiz (one=wd)

~~rJ1 bwtJ,v"i'ittA Bw ~ .~.,t. rn z .

~ h:+~.J·.·· ','7')' r: ... I.·_-/l-l 52 BWt~{ ~1()X!!)6 ..

!f'..-~ 1ti-{. ''"~ ~ ~ .. . ... . - . • ~ t:Sf) .Btv,.,2<l.o X/D·~ -=

.0) ftPAbq- t>: ,:t:J,tu (,~'1 la '>tJVId bl 0, bttl.e

ytp~ J~1! i~tI;; loadeJ r=: 6X.64 ~ 5}2_

C) (j1'V~ IF- 4, CJ~ s «s. 7A{~)~ fJ'7 t fr~ Fi}'~re 4.l(

we kllt f./ (!Z )::!:o}3 J WAuey:::·_ 9¢ dgtn, .

Pr. (r<):: P II p" (R) :> Y J = {J [ .. Y~ ffli; J ::: o} 5

o:

~7 w; Y, ~ 01,61 ) fdf() ':: o o;(i+ Y~()·tlygt (-9~)

=ss» dBrn

~) fL if) ::Pt (dem ) - f~(ji) (r18m )

~ }(d6J(J~/t~,~]) ~ (-25.12-) ~ /23-/3: dB

A~ ~ 'Ul'iJI'. de = f J;:.M J r;; r z Q de =t • 'P1 U {~0r.t3 ~ L = .(JdB ~f}

r: 61 = (0 df!, 0 I 0, f < = I N, !'1 m t c '_""""'':d Ii> the

. .ecv~Jrk' Pi Cf&) ) , WE fw. ve A;'; { ~(t 4.£.3 (M)

-) ft{,k): '-JIJIAJ r6-f.[fr').~J ;: ~/oRo~ r~o}'!A(o.!S)l J.

"~(j F . (ttl Y d,/ . (f /'" .. {4li } ~x t I f)9" Y -

- 00" .

~. ~6') dB

....._.' ._~.. . ... -. .f<

pl{$.).~ PL{6\ of- 10 '.fJ~.~q .. _..,_d····- fry/, 11=4. we ~

-.'.! dl,e; '" , j -. .,'..'

j.,~l A~ 2!)OO

~> N:: ~ ::: ~ 10

iJ.'6R~ J·G,x'9.J!B'~ ~

(d) Let s f/rJ( re{~te tlliJ q{w..I'IJ.1 rV.J,/nMr to if <$ Cf:At-er

.J'

freS'~t;:J

C~ruJ II/t~b_.<t

We can S ee tA.o.! t!u rlV'ari tvtJ Yef'.e,fSJ!. ~nd WI Ecu)r P" o_,...e ~.'-PaV7PeJ /J.'JJ s- /1Jt"3

. j (/ ,~

Srt),eE:: th dcste« :S/Z£ z,',S fgtl,o.! to 1- ~ tve d,Ji'fOe ~ ~lal

! 50 r~J('O c~tvd ..p; to 4-;<3 ~ 12 5f.i.6.s.et~., / Nt ~W1'';j

~! . '1/ i. t -t../_._ . S j t

I,.tllO_f'i. tt (lIJ"M e, "lU',J.{ /2. &A7.sf;. '.s. .

133 1.34- lJS {3>{ ;;7
(f5, f% J4.! Jf-'g /'ry 1~8 ,31' 140 J5t1

It [M J.f. ~ jrfJl'h, t~ ck.rttlw..t ea&A s.u6set CDritaln'S,

c ... b~f.J.t f2 C..{MItdS. In pa..r:.A Su.bW J ,~ cio5eht cuglU~

clo.() rvtJ)_ "t.b /:1 cAan..ttA!J (twa J' I/'1 01: flAr (eLl /'€~

S J j!em / ecu,h c,e U ~Jc~4-t (,,£oWl fftm, -p.{e S t/~9!l <; •

1~f~ f l'B 1" ic . whee i ii an iAr:Je-r !fV/VJ '. to 4- . l¥

HU.h aLl (a/l ~fU: ttb~ :3? d~;s " 71u cujo..ct!Il( cNnn!1

70

433 Cdn(i'd

I '~-I-- 7,1.1 /1,( ..... ",,1. /lIOw we (M des.cnL?e tAt'!

ct1P1/f.I7.cP v .... 7w ,-""",.I'M.," " "" "'f.

~ei ~ s ~lP )-'W ectcA (eli .:n ~ a.; celi A/tur'lAtY: io

--

-

e) i)Tfr. ceds ru-e ~'k ,J4t£'ttJ'fjA&v.t tN fJ/l1/x c'1 yO Tst«! ;--r;vi1"O ck,t<AdJ. =- ct.J./.er Jiu: ;<5 -= 1XI5 tt=: 600_._

]};1') Tdt-d. t{~' [~S = to,tp:_.{ r~"o di7.flAds ~8w>(J'Ji./c~'

== GOt>;t g z: 1!!!2.,

).L1 ).' -;-lvt.',~1 f"MJ L.~, .sf:.''tJ;.'rr, ~ l'!)X" £;"0'0,0(,;;0 _,tS'xIOo

. IU. '.f} . c oJ Q"~""';' - 1.4 ~,1',

!U(p.lrot of P'i-1i("o c~ =- ,6() () x 50;. {}f.,)U == :I -? x/07

77

4.33 (u-ntl d

8) D-li-e" p",W,:/,~ 4 Elo&i"3'5%

;V~/Jir n=: ~wds l'" cello" (~$gxg~ 3~ AS5:umt tr~lfi[ .m feASt", rt.t>tr A·-rf:..uN:;:_:5. X /o;;O"/fr~1> . =? ~.~ pI'~ tkrf (.(i.A,~: ~11tJAetI r ,d( ~.

s tcrrt- Uf = U·;: A/AM :; 100/0" 1= 3 00',0 .

· .;>(h..ft '(1/t.u.fFl ./to.[n4r oj J~5q7 iur.t;i.o.t eM .k. C7~ .N" 5 tctf-t 12 USb' 11 ~~ :; fA· te't1"iW:J~;f" ~ 5(l·~',o;XI (;;:: ;Xit

A) wt -per ~r= 3·5>[/0"7 ".11:. ;1Il6" .67 - ...

/3X/a4

[!54i! 6{r-&l Pt = /fH~l~ tWt ~6 dB;;; Lt, ,C;r ~ 3dB~2;,

A~ j, ~ ;;! ~¢. 331Pl' I d, ~ 1fi:"1 ~ we /uwe

pr{d~) =Pt:·~t. €r~) ~ = !07<¥xLr'o"3i:r;: s 716xlQ~g/.WJ

(41f) - d~· (+ -ny x (IC Or;))~

~ ~9-~·4 d~m

At tit hOAAJ~ff of 8 ~ j

.Pr ( R):: Pit d(J )-2'£ .eo, fO (!;) ,:: ~4z .. tj- 2 5 f~o (i)

d 1 e j,(fr3R) Z t (.if: f,J 2_ ~. 3 ··6 R

~ 8·{d~)= ~,+("'·4 - 4()-&;~ (L1:) ~-= 1-2.Lj .. r()~a-J!)- ."1,1. 2} -YC/I = p~ (f)- Prr;jJ

;;: ~ 4;,'1'- 15 -;'Q (ft }~[-+l,ft-frre:d/f.) '--22•15J =: 22-25+ l5lo~tJ. ) .

7g

4.34 G-t"d' (' cl

Tk V"'ri""'" 'f G/l ,,6 v-' to ()" 7 ss

~) fy [i >t8dSJ: Q[ ff~ [Ii]

,

{,L(d',) ~C!, '\Ot-1O~",(l5) + liS

- J f~r

r'Ll'1 (l~ ~ ,~,o .. w~ ~S1"t.1S ?L( d) ~i1 z ~ '5 ... io (j,Z]

CHAPTER S"

v ""I k,..,,/hr' -==) v .. 0, 21~ A"ih; ,7 +J 11_ g: ~~ V .:;; :5kl'Vl/hf' .~ V ~ 1.39, fIt'!>5 -::) fd :;: q~03 '~~

v ~ IOOkm/hr ~ 'If z: 21,j rn.ls ~ 4d'~ 11lt).5 '~h V ·~IO:O ~hf" =!7 \J = 2"1~ (filII s =f -(d,:: 1.'iClS ir\:.

@ 5tKm/hf ' *ctr~\ ,r:d~--'S"o_;-'e a.M

1'151.J, o:::CJCO t 'i'1"!) \Jt~ 1~40j,:qqGq''Qq1 ~ 14~ 1r;.~O, occ:O::r.::~::i3 \""rl\=\' 't.

I C, ,.", I""" ,...,.-,r-, to 05 rn' I ..

•• ..J!'-"", .. ~"'ll· . ~f"_

Iq4-~ . q9y~,q~ In ~.,_ ~''\ '50. 0::;' I~, m 'H, 7.

5: 2. ] (EI) A 0 Hz 1N1o DO'Pt:;JI't!!1 shiH) conoiuon .~~~m ..... :'l1'fleiLher l) l~(l reQ;livcr. Ihe ci"U.illl!nel ~~~Lllne 'H!n~mr1ler am alllvi:!L m()\l'II'IIg,: !;Dr 2). wflen tne 're.~I:lI ... er 15 1Tl0000-'lFtg ii!!Iong a line th<!! 'IS eK<l,dlly per:pemllcular to <l! Iln'l'!

cjJ·a ve n MM'een til<!. Iral1srnltle,r anI.'! fflCt}r'l'er. rime Ihilj i"~ perpencflwula~ direction irnplifld t...m dIN.eren~ QlrE!CIIOnS m.,1' ne tf<l...-el,ed Il~' .the r9wi .. ~r' 10' obtain Co Hz iJoppler.

{t:) !''QJlSi.1f'1l1e n;l;;l:xirn'JffI Dop-pkef oCC:"JIfswhen lM ~eQei~'rH ns molting 'Ilil a 5lD'aigillL lim! lowa.rds lhe csigrt<ll .~c.'lilrC<Q t'j\ .. h~r~ Ih·e ~nJfl E!' be1ween 'lI'le ilinit oral·tn fr,c-:tl1~h~ Ir·ee<illl ... er t'a Irafismille and ,1he lilill:~ oj r@oei'Jer Ir.a.,.el is zaro j.

(:) Maximum Inega1iNf! lDopplEli OCCluS ' .... "1011 'the F'iE>{:<1Iwer is mO'~ln~ ,in 01 s~r.:li'i!hlL ~F!.e ~W<l~ Imm tl1t s.;gr1~1 ~Il)UlFCe (""",~~~ 1tJo llI"'gla b!!lt'il<€!·en ~h0 line dJ21wi'l IrI;Im 1M 1r(l}lsmillsF ~o rec~i~'IiH ,a,l'l';) Ir~(! line or lhe rece·. 13 r Ir.~·-"GIIS pi).

(0) Positive ha.ll-mll . m.IJ!In Doppler OC~l!rS 'f·or tl'1'(! cl~le{~rlt ph.ys"caJ c(mdilions, wtler.a .cosifj)e I!;!r Itii!!: ai'lgro tm~w~e'n Crlllfuml11E'1" !im!] receiv~r i~ = 0.5 ,·;!',hAl,n the, ,ilIr'1gl'8 rn.ade 'lJetlween 'he !~~Ivers Ilil'lO! 01 tra·,'@'llind 1h~ il11l8 dmwn ~raFl1 Ilhi!' rece ive ~I) Ilrie tra rn5nlirfBr is ei~h!:!r .. 60 OJ' ··W degwe,es). This S.tlOWS 1hal jjjE! Do,pjJlm 'Ire(j~el1c}' is nOluniqll.Je lor a gl"8 dimtliclii 01111I'1;'al, e~cepllor Ih€!' maximum a~d minimurl'J lJop pier shl:~ cases.

~(t} - .Re [c(t} eM!]
h(:l) - & [hs(t) t"""'<~]
y(t) '"" Rt!.(r(,t) ~t] theIl,

f1.2)

y(t) ~ ;:r;(t} ,. h(t} # nn :;: X(j)H(f}

(13)

XU) "'" F[:r;(tH

!.t!IG((J ~tJ + ~J'f(:~(i\ e-""'~)

~ '2 . 2 l . J

(IS}

Fi,e· ( ~)] ~ C" ( ~ n i( from. .F.T Theory, use oomp,tex. signa] tra~1at}oo.) ( 16)

XU) = ~!ClJ -f~')+C"(-H+J~nJ (1'1)

(18)

Now, look at Y(J) == XUjH(f) and :a::ndtiply

1'(1) == ilC(J'·~ ,M + C"'(-J - f.Jj x ~H6(f - Ie) + H:(-/ - ic)J (H)

C(f-fc) ~

~c 0 ~ f

Frgure r: Spectra .fl:(-f - M aed CU - M do net (l:vedap.

N()1,v note tbat spectra <110 .I~(ll~ overla]:) wfBm C(f ~ J~) x H;( - f - j~) = 0 {~ figu.e· l}. Likewise. C"(~l- Ie}. xli!(f- Ie} ~.o. Thus

Y(n

1

- 4'IOU ~ .J.JH~,(f - j,,) + C'' - J - Ie) .N H;( - J - feU

~ [~CU - J<)H~(j -I,:) + ~C"(-I - f~) X H;(-j - Ie)]

(20)

No·w note

y(!.} _ R~ [rtf) ,e""'<:]

~ !r(f)1 t!"'.t -I- !"I' .. (~) .e-.1""d·

2: . :2'

(21}

1"[~( OJ = i R(f - Ie) + ~ s: ( ~ J - M where ,R,(J) '"" & C(J}H(f). Tbm;

yU) "". ~ !R(J -Jd + R*{ -./ -ldl

lI(t) "" lc(t)*~(t). QED

. 2:'" ,

(22)

(2'J)

i2

(h) 5~ Setf41::: ;: = ,.',4 In 5/th',v

.', j,brwiUl.{ o.solttJ,Scope settl~' z: 5111:S / c/w,"

, j- j '/'

(,n 7fflU.l-ej J F rsiMd ,bCMfI--··idllJ tl.4:: 2 (ot-# ) ::::6a /(II?

TN tirtv! rBSoUOn ,6 f of t4iJ'1.5{:'3In, i5 c"J'Of<.t

A T z: 2 T.c ;;. ~,f!.s trY!" IOnS rmS ~l'/dM)

Fw a "'"reu r-: S;St6/'ti_ m:tA Si/Ti1!o.,.}' tiInR TeYJwiun,

J.,j _ ' f I I f 'I-H.( 1) .2 ,

,UtI:' rJOAAIJ Dt:1fl.t(h"1w«r, ~_) p~::: L!.r= /iJOI1'Hz -

CJ4rVy tk r+ Aan/wiclth 0; tIlue ~. ~stem I

WE (,,/]:€e FWs ~-< g,W. tkt ~ /<St/:rr""' r= ~5Ie~ j rW; t:t#1' ;,'_(1" PYu choj tAt ir.JJ£Md ~ise CM_q

=r: ,f ~, Jmr'~J tAt {{)·(I<c.r_"f€ rWJI! rr n

j/n:n ~s!iJitlxr !',~wer. ..,..

~ ,~I

, ~ trO+I/50 -fO·/..-7-§-t'f).f)I)I.'IfH> ..:. -77'" t t , r:,'

hi (1).)" T = - -, ' ,," ,,- - .,,:,' .:.;;' , ri»)

iT ' , /7 .f 1- () .! + ~"~ I

[1 = /.x [H/ySoJ.-; 0-) .x/iS '+D.()")I./i;{)~ ~ 1+98,8 (n50 i) I-Tl-tt),J-t O .. OJ

~ tN .T11~ defa:r '1'/'fad r51::;:: J /4-J8.(J-211zj.? .: '17 (itS)

5- ~ T >1 6; 7

n"l(t ~ :s o"i .. IS;' o -T ~ .2 I 0 !l s:

}:S

-7 SnlC( t!£5t sy.m);O{ r'I~' , T!;,ft;m = 270p,,;

,j rtR:f est d;.fA 't'td t ~(;1"x ;;: Ti~.;..., :::: 3 - 7 fit f'S

Ftfr (b)

7' - CHJlx() 't tJ-/Jf.:§, -f txt» .; Q &.L ('" ",;It ,J

- '""'" /'" I V 4'f =-

o-o] tiN -7- f

~ "i:

T~ == ,r;.cfYCJ-l 0",'£ 1 Via - 92"34 (05')

(j 'OfT O' /'=H

--;.-' :;:;". ~ ,0", ,-< , I ~ ..,...;.\, c.vc

(b) r,' \' ,:. !:L

"-:0 /<'

57 &tt'd.

Cohere,YlCe_ Tl~e Dehne [~i] ~, ~,t :: [9., cc4",1

q t· .

T~ 4- =-:-:::-"'" [£. ~I z.S ]

~CO'tI- ;:;;.., ~hv>

(\,~ ;:; 2-'~,---' ., .' I' • 'T' s: ~r..."'. -5" . T ';: 10:-3. ~

~ dl " """""-' 1r1~ j {" ...,.. !... '5, c ~

- Rp"I~::: ~O 5'~ 'OS

Fur fa)

, .

5.1

p .. M -0:707

a'_'

I) 1

• J

h-ffrrl (().), We Ntv-e r= _ ff

) IIp =-l~Jr"fo·f- f=f~= J27f x4f.Cl;i ;.e-j~·n2((ft.~~JV5)

. > Me h1Y~(~.~ ~,r,r.mlmr oj tun.t£ "tt{p srI ~/tveJ~ ~tl /v.Je belut/} tit/. _f8'~el {t>tuui m (lil) dWiNJ .. · ..:.\ j Jr~",je.

I ~

iv.-t ;;;; IY.R. / ~ 14·3 )\ be ~ 2i88

,l r

[C).. 7".... :: e r - f e"i: -}

. l.. ~-~~ - -::- 8'0 (fTJS)

P j',., .fiji ffY 1:J.t 7): Pi[

Fr;r f = t ~ Nf,~ [iii-I".,' f. e-r~ rm .r.1J2.g x /7 f -I ~ J'2:.·1 (rn-S5.-:y>ft)

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