c




     
c
 
 

 



 

 


 
 


  
 
 

   





 

  
  

 
 
   






     
   

 
!

"#c  


!
 !

  
c!! 

 




 $%& 
  
 
'()



  
 


 



 
 
 





  





 


     



* +








 


 

"#!
 


* +,"#






 
 
 ((&#,-
 

 . 

!
-.!/

"#









0
,+11( ((& -#& ((1





  
0


      
 2   

 


 /

 

 

  





 







 
   






0  

 
 



  

  
 
    
 
 


   
*  

  
 

 



  
,+3



 
 
  

 
 
 




 !

 
   
 



 

 
$!

  





 

   
 
2
  









   
    

 
 


 
   



  

 
  


 

 


c
/




 45c
 * 
,6  

  
   
Reduced Energy Consumption and Improving Efficiency
  
   



 


 7    



    











 7  







 0    
  


 

 

 





  



 7
 

 



  %) 
  -
 

 . 
!
"#!






 
 
  







 

 
  


 
   /

    +()
 

  


 +() 



 
+ 
 
 
 




/

 
 



 




  
  

  


  
*
 
 



 


  



 

 

 
 .
 0


 





   
  

 


 
 


    
-






 


 

 
    
 

 0 
   
 
 
/

   5  

c

  

  
  


+'(8)



 

  


 

2
 0

 
 
1%)9/ 

  

  

    
! 
/

 
!
 

!

 
9:
 !
 0 
 0;
 5
<
! # !;<

= 
  

/

 
 










   


 

!

 
  

 
  


  

-
   
  


  

 -







  

  

 
 
 




 
3




 



%+()
   
 

/ 3
  

 
 







 




   

  

3
  



 
   )




  
  




 8((  


 0

  

#
 




  
   #

! c
# 
c

  





 




 
  
  

  






 0!c
/
 
c
> ?  






@ 0A# 
5# c # c
> 
  

 

 

  




 
  


    

 
 c
> 




 


 


 

  
#   c
B
"4

B3.C

 


  




  

  

 


 
   


   
 
B3.C


  
 


5

 < 
.5<.

c
B
!


B3.C




 
%+8)


&1)



 



%+8)3

 

   


 ++) 






#  





   

 
'() 

 

c

  



 
 
   

  








 
 
 
 
  

D 




 + $




  
!
 





 
   



1(18) #    
 

   0








((8D$ 
 

 
 
  
    




 
   !
   0  





 

"
 
  

  

" 
" 
 

 


 
  
  E"  


 
  
'')



 
 1((0AD  

 

  




'((0D  
  

! 

 0

 

  





 
 


  

  



 
 


  
   
<=   
= 

 "

 0
 

5  
  
 


 
0
   



0  

  %()3 
0
  
  


 



 
 /
   

  
  
 

 

  
 


  
0



! 
 


   


       


  


 



 
  
 
!
; 

>
 ! 




 # C  


 



  
  
 
   c
C    
 



   




    


  

 

 
 



  
 


   
3 

3+ 3 





 
   
   3  



 



 
 !    
 
   

 
 
   



  


 ('()  


 


 
 
 






  



 
  
  
 


  
 
+($8DA8)  

8(+((DA ( 8)  

 
/

 

 
 


   
 
A>-<
  



 0
 
  

  
+8(DA

  


 


/


 
  

 

2

 

>-<
>-<




 
 
>5F
"4

>-<
 

 

  8 
  



 


 


 


        



 
   

 
 
  
    

   
  

3//

 

 
   
 
 
 



 








 
.>c
 
  
8 

  

   




 

 
 

 

 


  




A 




 



  

 
 
 

 


 




 
 



 


   #


 
   


 Renewable Energy Generation
* # 


. 
,!
 
   





  



 
 


 
 

 
 

 
 





 
/
 


   
 

  
 


 
 
  
+(((( 
 






 


 
 
 



 



 


 
= 


 
     
 


 


 

 
 
    
   


 

 
 
  
 
 




  



 




  
 


 

 

 



 

    
 
  

  




  

 



 #/#  G
H
<


  
  2 




 


 
 





 * 

 
 










2 




2 


 
 

 



   
 

#
0
     


 0

  
 
 



 
   Recent
Developmental Activities and Breakthroughs in Nanotech Solar Cells



:!  ,
B


 


 
 
  
    

 


  



+)    



 




 


 

 



:!  ,# 



0
   

/;#  




  

 
 
 

  

   


 



 
$ :!  ,>
  
1I)
 


 




G
#
##


 


 


0 

'



:!  ,c

 




 



 
  
c

 
 
 

  
 
   8)8 
c

 :!  ,
 
   

    
 


 
  

  

 
   
&(
  




     
   



 
 
Ic!
 
 :!  ,!

  
  
 



  

  0
  
 

  




 0

 







  
 
  
&Äuel Cells and Hydrogen Economy *


 0



 




!

   
 
  




   
  
 
  I()  8)  







 
 
 



 




 0

   "#J%%  

 ((1
"#J+'
 
  (+'  
   1I)%0    



 
  

  

 
 


 

 (+8=
 
    

  

 


=  
  

    
   
 


  7
   
   
 






 
 




 

c


  
 

  

 
!
 


  



 0c
 



5
 
 D  




Bc


 
 # D5# 

 





 


  

 
 2
  

1!



  
 
 0
5*



  



 

0 


 
   

  
 



 
 /
   
 
 



 
   


  

 
  /
 ((1
 

"

c
 "4 

 

  
+() && D&&4
 

   0  c++ 


   



 
E  







 

K
L  
 

    
 
 





 




 
c



M. 0 "

-

!
 "4 




    
 
 

 
  
I()+1
 






 
  
/
.

  




 



 


      
!
K
L



 




 3
H
#/
H#/
  
 0
   


  

c * 









 $(() %8)  
 0
    




 


  
    

H#/
 
    



  
 

 

<5* 
 

 
$(8()

  


 



   
   





  
 

  

 
<5*
0 





  

 c

    # 


c


 
  

 


 


   


   


 0
 



 
 c


 



 
  


  
  




.*/
"#!



 0

    
 

   



  


  







    
 

3

 
"

  


   
 


5*
 

 
 
.-5    
:
 







  




.-5
+(Energy StorageB  


#   
,.
 

   
 
     




  
  

  

 
 


 
!

  
  !

c  
>  
"#!  








  I)

 



  


!
 

  


  
  
 


 
  
 
  

  0
 
  
 0

 
0  c 5=     
 
 
    
D  
  
  0

 c



 
 


  
>  
  
/ 



 







  





   



    
++! 
 




! c

 
.

 
!+ $#

> B ; =c
-


 
c!
 /
c
>   






  
 

   


   ±ajor
Producers/Developers of Nano-based Batteries and Their Product Range! c

 
:
.,>  
  
 



   




  
0
 
 



 

 
#  -6    

.


 
:.,# 

 


 

  
 



 !+ $#

:.,  
   


  



 / 
2 0   
 

  
  
#  




 





    0> 

B ; = M
6
-
0/

 
!;
< !;:.,>  
 
     
   

/









  
 



c
-

 
:.,-



> 5
'>  5
 
#  

  
    
 




  
  
 

 


 

c
!
 /
:.,c     
  



+





3
   3 
' 
 
  
  
   
c
>:.,
 

>  
  

 


 





     

 
       !D 
  


"


 
  

  



    $(
'()3
  
 7





  
 
   




    


 Key Developments and

Current Activities in Nanotech-enabled Batteries:  


 "

#

$
 
" : 


 %
c


 
:*
,*   # 





  
       
 

>  

 
3
    
8 
 
 
    


+18(!D=     

 
  + 



:*
,
<


  
 > #D
 


       

  
+88(A0+' 

 
 >  
 +$

 :*
,
#






2




 


 # 





   #  

    
 

 D
 
 



 

  
+'&





'
!
 "
:*
,<
 


  
 


8 ( 

 
 >  
  

    


!4! 
 2 

 


+D$



  
"
"
 %
"
"
!

 
 

:*
,
<
     






 
   


  


  
>  
  
  


    
  
   

> c 5
  
!
 
%
 

c


 
(c):*
,<
 





  
>  
  




# 



    5
  
 

    
   


 0


 



  






 

 0

   "#J+%(  



 
  
+8#   
 
 
 


     

  
    




 



  
!
   0
 





   
 >  
  

 

  


 

    
 
#   
    





     
 
 
  0

 

 

 @
 !



   

2    
 
  
 
  

  
N 

@ 
 


  
 
   
    

   



 
   
 

 



 
3
  
 7  0







   
     



#

 








   
 
   ±ajor Achievements in
Nano Engineered Supercapacitorsc



%

"
:! 

,<












 
D

   

+I



 
 :! 

,B  
   

/
$

 


c 



 


     
I'*D





+ 1AD0

  

+&

 

* 








 :! 

,<
  

   






  
   
2
    
 
 -
+(( 


+

"

,


 
 
%c

 

:! 

,c

  
   


A





   
 


    



  
<

     
+$(*D 
   
 +((((
+%
-  
!






 

:! 

,#   


; 
c

DcD.!c/

  

   
  

  
   
+($8*D+6
+
I54=

 
  +1Concluding Remarks
c


 

 

 
      

=

  


 c


  






  


  



 



  
 
  

2 
 

 
 


/











 






  


   (

 
    




 





 
 






 

 

 
 



 
 



 

   

 
  

 
 


c


  

 7

 




  0
 



 References+KH
 
-c

 


 -



L
 
    ((& MG
O L. 
,5# 
>

Lc

 1+%$
+%' (+($5;.

6!0 
B;M.# 0><

!<  .*
B   B!4K#


/
# /
# 
/
; +# /;#c

 /
0

. -

L.%%+$('1 ((%+I&&(&&'44B3
<
B5  K= -  
#  -  

> 2 

!
 L
 
 (+(+'8MG=
GO#*

O Kc
# 
 -  
> 
5


#

Lc


c 8 ((1I-; 

.O
K> 

 

#  
c
 # 
Lc


+($ (+(+(% %&&FM
K


# 

 
.6-

#.-!;
# 
 @
-
c
L!Gc
@
M
c



< +  ((1%K*
=
-

3 
c

!; /


5 0!


L 0
  /

  3
 

.
/
M
 ((115"c 

###


!3.
!4 <O;
  

-4#
0
Kc
  
=
!   

L.c
%
 6 ((%! 
/<18(1I&+1+(M!=36 

6
  /3  />5 0
0 P;4
=#  !

.

 
 +8(Q
 
 
5 :
* 0c

%
+ ((1&(8&+(++K/ c


-
/


 /


L
<  ((&*
P# 
,DD
D 

5 & ((1+ !5 

0 .
< 
B= !4 M!  P;O

K= 
   




 
       Lc

  (+( ,+(+($%D
  & 8! +$OO
5
5<!M 0

MM ## =

O Kcc

> #D#  

3  B  = #  -
Lc


! !#!.*  +( (+(+'#

GF> 
<A
K# D # =




=    !
5  > /

B  
Lc


+($ (+(%I(:%I$+8K*"    

,5 0


(+'L5 03
 3.  /

 
M ((1+I"#. 
c&I $$'(B+
Kc

 ; 
. c


#   -

L/


,>#

!


,c
0/



/
+&.#
;#0 
0#G
K* 



 

   

/
$

 D  


 

 
L 
,

1'('$++$ ((1+%3<

M  ;O

O;
;> 
M#
M
*

#4K 
   


  

     

L
  
''+  ((I '%1 '1&+1MO
A B# G*
AH
5G

*A 
K.   
 



D  


 D



  

   
L.
,+181 (+($('+$('8 (Kc
 ; 
A 
 B  Lc
3 * 
DA8& ((I/0  1
"*c

  


%
c