"Regulations on Radiation Protection

(PAK/904)".
Muhammad Sohaib Malik
Ms-Fellow (Batch-17)
Roll No. 1728

Karachi Institute of Power Engineering

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Independent Regulatory Authority
■ Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA)

◘ An independent regulator…responsible for

● To control
● To regulate.
● To supervise

All nuclear safety and radiation protection activities to

meet the national and international standards.
Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority Ordinance,
2001 (PNRA Ordinance),
The national regulations on

radiation protection

PAK/904 were issued in

5th October, 2004

 Regulations

• Regulations on Radiation Protection (PAK/904)

• Regulations for the licensing of Radiation Facilities

other than nuclear installations (PAK/908)

• Regulation for Licensing of Nuclear Installation (s)

(PAK/909)

• Regulations on Safety of Nuclear Power Plants -

Design (PAK/911)

• Regulations on Safety of Nuclear Power Plants -

Quality Assurance (PAK/912)
Regulations on Safety of Nuclear Power Plants –
Operations (PAK/913)

• Regulations on Management of a Nuclear or

Radiological Emergency (PAK/914)

• Regulations on Radioactive Waste Management

(PAK/915)

• Regulations for Safe Transport of Radioactive

Material (PAK/916)
 Radiation Protection Regulations
(PAK/904)

• Regulations were issued in 1990, updated in 2004

• Set requirement for registration and licensing of

facilities using radiation apparatus/ material

• Set management and technical requirements for

occupational exposure protection, medical exposure
protection, public exposure protection

• Set annual dose limits, guidance levels for medical

procedures, exemption levels
General Layout of Regulations
■ TITLE
◘ Title of Regulations
■ DEFINITIONS
◘ Definitions About terms used in Regulations
■ GENERAL PROVISION
◘ Scope ( On what activities regulations apply)
◘ Interpretation (decision regarding applicability)
■ ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS
◘ Exemptions ( Annex I )
◘ Licensing
◘ Contamination levels (Edible goods) ( Annex II)

 
■  RADIATION PROTECTION PERFORMANCE
REQUIREMENTS OF LICENSEE
◘ Dose limitations ( Annex III )
◘ Justification of practices
◘ Dose constraints ( Annex III )
■ MANAGEMENT AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
LICENSEE
◘ Safety culture
◘ Quality assurance (safety requirements satisfied)
◘ Human factors ( fully Trained employees)
■ VERIFICATION OF PROTECTION AND SAFETY
◘ Safety assessments
◘ Records
■ OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION
◘ Classification of Areas (Controlled/supervised)
◘ Personal Protective Equipment
◘ Individual Monitoring, Record, Health Surveillance
■ MEDICAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION
◘ Justification of medical exposures
◘ Calibration & clinical dosimetry
◘ Maximum activity on discharge ( Annex V )
◘ Accidental medical exposures recorded
■ PUBLIC EXPOSURE PROTECTION
◘ Monitoring of Public Exposure
◘ Consumer Products
These regulations shall apply to the
following activities:
■ Acquisition, design, manufacture, construction,
installation or operation of any device that contains any
radioactive source

■ Establishment of installations and facilities which

contain radioactive materials

■ Exploration for mining and milling, extraction,

acquisition, handling, use for medical, industrial
research

■ Treatment of food by ionizing radiation

Main Feature Of PAK/904 Regulation
on Radiation Protection
■ The main feature of this regulation are

● No practice shall be licensed or authorized

unless it produces sufficient benefit to individuals to
be exposed or to society to offset the radiation

harm that it might cause, taking into account social,

economic and other relevant factors.

● The annualoccupational exposure is limited

up to 20mSv
Optimization Principle (ALARA),
■ For exposure from sources in use, radiation
safety shall be optimized in order that
◘ The magnitude of individual doses, the number of
people exposed and the likelihood of incurring
exposures all be kept as low as reasonably
achievable (ALARA), economic and social
factors being taken into account , within the restriction
that the dose to individuals delivered by the source be
subject to dose constraints.
◘ Released radioactive substances to the environment -
dose constraints (fraction of dose limit) shall be
established.
Occupational Exposure
■ Occupational Exposure Control
◘ No. of persons exposed
◘ Average dose
◘ Collective dose
◘ Internal and External dose
■ Public Exposures Control
◘ On-line monitoring of release effluents

◘ Decay and dilution of liquid effluent

◘ Collection, processing and storage of solid radioactive waste

Dose limitation..(Annex III)

The normal exposure of

individuals shall be
restricted so that
neither the total effective
dose nor the total
equivalent dose to relevant
organs or tissues, exceeds
any relevant dose limit
specified in Annex III

. Dose limits shall not apply

to medical exposures from
authorized practices.
Dose limitation(Annex III)…
Continued
 Exemptions.. As specified in Annex I

(1) Practices and sources

within practices may be
exempted from
the requirements of these
regulations if the Authority
is satisfied that the sources
meet the
exemption criteria:

exemption levels specified

in
Annex I
Radionuclide contamination levels in
edible goods AnnexII

(1) No person shall

import any edible goods
without a certificate from
the relevant authority of
the country of origin
of the goods to the
effect that the
radionuclide levels in the
goods

are not more than those

specified in Annex II.
Limitation Specific To Female Workers
ANNEX III

Once a female worker has notified the licensee that

she is pregnant, the licensee shall adapt the working
conditions as is specified in Annex III.

The notification of pregnancy shall not be

considered a reason to exclude a female worker from
work.
Health surveillance..
ANNEX VI
The licensee, shall
make arrangements
for appropriate health
surveillance based on
general principles of
occupational health

continuous fitness of
regular workers
working in the
controlled area for
their intended tasks.
Optimization of protection for
medical exposures.. Annex IV.

The licensee shall

satisfy the
prescriptive design and
operational
requirements specified
in Annex IV.
■ DESIGN OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE, RADIOLOGY
AND RADIOTHERAPY FACILITIES
◘ Dose Rate in Treatment room
◘ Radioactive waste Storage
◘ X-ray room Area ( for Staff Shielding )
◘ Simulator room,Treatment room, Treatment
planning room (design specification)

■ DESIGN OF SOURCES AND EQUIPMENTS

◘ Early equipment failure detection
◘ Language of specifications
◘ Exposure limiting devices are provided
◘ Monitoring equipment for warning
(during unsual situation)
■ OPERATIONAL ASPECTS

■ Diagnostic exposure
◘ Ensure that exposure is minimum necessary for
required diagnostic objective
◘ Avoid Un-necessary Additional examination
◘ Shielding of Radio-sensitive organs ( lens of eye )
■ Therapeutic exposure
◘ Ensure that dose is only delivered to target organ
◘ Ensure that exposure of normal tissue is kept as
low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) while
required dose is delivered to target organ
◘ Inform patients of Possible risks
Guidance levels for medical
exposure.. Annex V

During the conduct

of diagnostic and
therapeutic
procedures
Maximum activity for patients
in therapy on discharge from
hospital..

In order to restrict the exposure

of any member of the household
of a patient who has undergone
a therapeutic procedure,

such a patient shall not be

discharged from hospital before
the activity of radioactive
substances in the
body falls below the level
specified in Annex
 Conclusion

PNRA has established a functional radiation

protection regulatory framework in the country
and has developed a comprehensive
mechanism for implementation of this framework.
Thank
You !!