Camera Zoom Lens Techniques

Zoom Lens Advantages

Zoom lenses allow you to shift magnification smoothly and continuously, usually from
normal or wide angle to telephoto, while maintaining focus and f stop. Magnification
is altered by either rotating the zoom collar of the lens or by pushing a button which
produces a motorized zoom. Most modern video camcorders come equipped with a
zoom lens. Camcorders with interchangeable lens mounts readily accept both zoom
lenses and fixed focus lenses.

The quality of zoom lenses has improved over the years to rival the quality of fixed
focus lenses and offer videographers great flexibility. This is of particular advantage
for videographers who must shoot on the fly. If you are shooting documentaries,
weddings, public events or anything else where you may have only one chance to
get a shot, knowing how to make the best use of your camcorder zoom lens will be
indispensable.

Whip Zoom
One of the best examples is using what I call the whip zoom. The object of the whip
zoom is to zoom as quickly as possible so that the zoom portion of the shot can be
later removed in editing to produce what looks like a cut from one shot to another, a
cut from a long shot to a close up or a close up to a long shot. You need the zoom to
be quick to reduce the chance of a bad cut due to elapsed time. And you need to
zoom at a moment when you will not be zooming over critical audio, which would be
cut out when you cut out the zoom. However, even when such an audio glitch
occurs, you may be surprised at how well the edit seems to work anyway. Cuts in the
middle of a sentence often just work fine. Other times it's a disaster. You never know
for sure until you get to the video editing bench. This is why the zoom needs to be
quick and preferably at a pause in the dialogue.

To execute the zoom be sure to set focus while in telephoto (zoomed in) on your
subject. This way if you are in wide angle (zoomed out) and zoom in, you will be in
sharp focus. This is because the depth of field in telephoto is shallower than in wide
angle.

Also check to be sure that you can handhold the camcorder well enough in telephoto
to get a steady shot or put the camcorder on a tripod or brace yourself on a wall or
table.

If uninterrupted coverage of the scene is not needed, you can zoom in and out at will
and later cut out all the zooms. This is a technique that can be used for fast moving
or short lasting events. When you have more time, you'll still probably get better
shots by physically moving yourself and your camcorder around to get a variety of
shots and angles. Even if you are shooting and zooming, you should try to move
around even though the camcorder may be shooting video continuously.

If you are going to use these techniques, practice them first, including editing the
shots. You need to have a feel for how this works before you can use it with
confidence. You also need to get over the initial period of "enthusiasm" so that you
can settle down to using the technique sparingly.
Always keep in mind that, if you have the time, you can probably get a better cut by
cutting away to another shot or by cutting to a different angle of the same subject. If,
for example it is just a shot of a bride and groom dancing, you can move to a
different angle and to a closer or wider shot, and get a shot that will cut (or that you
can throw out, since it is not essential to have two angles of them dancing).
However, if you are shooting the bride and groom cutting the first piece of the
wedding cake, you may wish to use the whip zoom. Whip in for a close shot of the
couple, and/or whip out from a close shot to a broader shot of the reception. Later,
you might also grab a cutaway shot of the guests from the reverse angle to cover
yourself in case the zoom doesn't cut. This way you can cut from say bride and
groom long shot to reverse angle of guests to close shot of bride and groom.

Why Not Do Slow Zooms and leave Them In?

You can just do a slow zoom in or out and leave in the continuous shot, but there are
drawbacks. A zoom is an artificial optical effect. It is something the human eye never
experiences on its own. Your eyes do not zoom in and out, and when you see a
zoom on the screen, it draws attention to the camera and away from the subject. It is
the opposite of a camera dolly, which through physical movement of the camera,
brings depth to the two dimensional image. A zoom "flattens", degrading the viewing
experience. Avoid them where possible, and when not possible, try to hide them.

How to Disguise a Zoom

You can minimize the effect of a zoom by disguising it, usually by adding movement.
Combine a zoom with a pan or dolly or crane movement. If you do this very carefully,
no one will know you zoomed, although the viewer may sense some distortion of
perspective. The tinier the zoom, the better.

Using a Zoom Controller for Tripod and Remote Shots

Using the zoom controls on your camcorder can sometimes be tricky. It is not always
easy to get exactly the zoom speed you want pressing on the rocker switch. When
the camcorder is on a tripod, it would be nice if you didn't have to handle the
camcorder itself, because you might jostle it or produce hand noise that would get
picked up by the camcorder microphone. It would also be nice for some shots to
control the camcorder from a distance. A good Zoom Controller is the answer, here.
This is a wired remote that clamps to your tripod handle, shoulder brace, jib arm or
elsewhere. At minimum, it gives you control over your zoom, and has a record
button, but may have many other features such as zoom speed preset, extra zoom
controls, focus control, selectable auto restart, manual power up/down, auto focus
on/off, VTR controls. Putting a zoom controller on your tripod handle allows you to
control the tripod handle and zoom and focus with one hand, and keeps your hand
off the camcorder. Extension cables allow you to control a camcorder from a
distance, such as from the bottom of your jib arm, when the camcorder is up top and
out of reach. Use two zoom controllers and you can control two cameras at the same
time placed in different positions if you use a separate video monitor to view the
second camcorder picture. For a complete rundown on the possibilites, take a look at
the various Sign Video Zoom Commander models.

Use a Zoom Lens to Frame

When you are in a situation where you can't move the video camcorder forward or
back to frame a shot, you can adjust the zoom to get the framing you want. Just
zoom in or out until you have the picture framed, then start shooting. It easy to forget
that you can do this when you have been walking around getting most of the shots
framed the way you want, simply by putting the camera any where you want.

The best use of your camcorder zoom lens is to help you get the shots you want, not
to distort perspective and distract the viewer from the subject by showing a zoom
during a shot. Generally speaking, don't show a zoom in your final product, unless
absolutely necessary.