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Development of refolding process for rhG-CSF using size-exclusion chromatography
II. Purpose of the research
The aim of this research is to develop and commercialize a high quality rhG-CSF by applying refolding process using size-exclusion chromatography. Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(hG-CSF) is a hematopoiesis agent that principally affects the differentiation of neutrophils in the bone marrow. At present, rhG-CSF is used successfully in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and its indication has been expanded to bone marrow transplantation and aplastic anemia. In 2000, the world market for rhG-CSF was 2.12 billion U.S$ and 12.0 billion won was spent on importing rhG-CSF as final product or raw material in the domestic market. Therefore, the development of G-CSF production technology will benefit the domestic market by substituting foreign rhG-CSF and, subsequently, by exporting the product. In addition, the development of G-CSF refolding process can provide an opportunity to explore more efficient and cost effective technology.
III. Scope of the research
1. Large-scale production of rhG-CSF
• Development of large-scale cell culture
• Development of large-scale purification process
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2. rhG-CSF production and characterization
• Production of pre-clinical and clinical trials.
• Physicochemical and biological characterization
3. Efficacy and toxicity
• Efficacy in normal, neutropenia induced mice.
• Acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity
4. Clinical trials
• INO
• Preparation of clinical protocol.
IV. Results of the research
1. Large-scale production of rhG-CSF
A large scale rhG-CSF manufacturing process has been established. The working cell bank, which contains E.coli producing recombinant human G-CSF, is seeded and expanded to 20 L large scale culture.
The composition of media has been optimized and the culture condition has been determined to maximize rhG-CSF production. The optimized large scale manufacturing process involves isolation and solubilization of inclusion body, and refolding by column chromatography of the insoluble protein followed by 4 step column chromatography with an overall yield of 20% and more than 99% purity.
2. Preparation and characterization of rhG-CSF
More than 2g of rhG-CSF was produced and used for its characterization, preclinical and clinical trial. The physicochemical properties of rhG-CSF were analyzed by amino acid composition, N-terminal amino acid sequences, C-terminal amino acid sequences, disulfide bond linkage, CD-spectrum, isoelectric focusing, SOS-PAGE and western blotting. The analyses confirmed that the rhG-CSF is identical to native G-CSF. The in vitro and in vivo activity of rhG-CSF was compared to that of the international standard. The
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specification and dosage of rhG-CSF were determined, and the long-term and severe condition stability has been tested according to the specification and quality control procedure.
3. Efficacy and toxicity test
The efficacy of rhG-CSF was studied on normal mice and neutropenia induced mice.
Administration of rhG-CSF resulted in the increased hemoglobin concentration and neutrophil number in a dosage dependent manner when compared to the control.
4. Clinical trial
The safety/efficacy data and the specification/quality control procedure had been submited to KFOA according to the guideline and INO approval was obtained from ministry of Health and Welfare. For clinical trial of rhG-CSF, 5 clinical centers were selected and the clinical protocol was established. Currently, the clinical trials are in process in Asan Medical Center, Samsung Medical Center, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Gachon Medical School/Gil Medical Center, Seoul National University Hospital to test the safety and efficacy on chemotherapy induced neutropenia patients.
V. Plan for application of results
In completion of phase III clinical trial on chemotherapy induced neutropenia patients, NOA will be filed and the pilot production and commercialization process will be followed. For industrialization of rhG-CSF production, studies will be conducted to enhance productivity, to reduce cost and to adapt present technology for manufacturing scale. The key technologies established in this research such as large scale cell culture and development of efficient refolding process using size-exclusion chromatography will be further utilized for development of other valuable drugs.
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CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction 23
Chapter 2 Current features of technical development
in domestic and foreign country 29
Section 1 Current features of technical development in domestic country 31
Section 2 Current features of technical development in foreign country 33
Chapter 3 Methods and results of research .. 35
Section 1 Methods of research 37
1. Manufacturing process . 37
2. Measurement of content . 38
3. In vivo activity of rhG-CSF 38
a. Manufacturing of standard solution .. 38
b. Manufacturing of test solution 38
c. Test 38
d. Calculation of biological activity . 39
4. Physico-chemical properties of rhG-CSF 39
a. Electrophoresis 39
b. Isoelectric focusing 39
c. Molecular weight 40
d. Reversed-phase HPLC 40
e. CD(Circular Dichroism) spectrum 41
f. Immunodiffusion test 41
g. Endotoxin test 42
h. Residual peptide analysis 42
i. Residual DNA analysis 43
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5. Characterization of rhG-CSF 45
a. Composition of amino acid . 45
b. N-teminal amino acid sequence analysis 46
c. C-teminal amino acid sequence analysis 46
d. Location of disulfide bond 47
e. Peptide analysis 49
6. Pre-clinical toxicity 49
a. Acute toxicity 49
b. Subchronic toxicity 49
c. Genotoxicity 50
d. Local irritation test 50
7. Efficacy 51
a. Efficacy in repeated injection 51
b. Efficacy in neutropenia induced mice 51
c. Equivalence test 52
Section 2 Details of Research 54
1. Establishment of large-scale culture process 54
a. Establishment of cell bank 54
b. Fermentation process 57
2. Establishment of large-scale purification process 58
a. Purification process 58
b. Isolation and washing of inclusion body...... 59
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