2

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" % # & # ' ( "
# # " ' " $ # " ) " #

* # ( # '
% ( % ' % +

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,- . / / 01 2 3

* # " ∆4 5∆6 - " # # $ " 5 " #

# $ " 4 $ 3 # ) " # ' $ *
7 " ' ' # % # #
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- . / / 01 2 3

* % # * # ) % # ' "
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. ( " # ( # " * ( & .
# ( # " - /289: /1;9 / / <3
" * " " . % " ' =
# ' # " # # '
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" * + ,( " # +# " ,- 3

* " # ) # # " # #
# ( # ) +% # $
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 3

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# % # ' # # * # # 7 "
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* " % " ( % #

" * > ? - / / <3 # # " ( +

( # ! " %
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' # #
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" ( ( ( =F. # $ # % %)
% # ' ( # *
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# ' % % - " % 3 )
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G % # # " # # " '

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- H" H # 3 " # E # '
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 4

! " # $ # % $ & " $ & $ ' " ( '& $ )'& $

@ " ' " # #

$ " / / 7 ( # /
" " # " # " $ " " *
L / " % 7 / "
# #
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+ 1 , *
# &
+ 1 -
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, . +
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0 L /

@ * - 0*00- . .00- . 00. . +0 . ,* *

# # $ - % . 1*00- . * 000 . -* .0 1 0 -00*
# 3 ' . 0,00* 0 000 0 - 0 1+ , 0 ,000.
A 4 - / 1 ; 08 3 # # # 0 1,00* 0* 0 -. + 0 0100,
# # 80 0 0,00* + + , 1*00- *1

I ∂$5∂6 I -@ 1 J @ 35 ∂6
I ∂$5∂. I -@ D J @ 35 ∂. - 3

" " 0
I -/ D < 8 J/ / / / 35 I K * +
I -1 2 ; J/ 2 1 <35 I J , - ' 3

+ " 8//2< . J 8 8/2 # " 7 #

" " *

E * 4 ' % * $ ∂6√ ∂.√ #

' - 3

7 ' - 3# " ( " '

% ' # > - /1 3# #
' " * " # 0

I ∂$5∂6 I -- -K ./ 03J- +K / 3351 ∂6

I ∂$5∂. I -- -K 1/ +3J- 0K / 3351 ∂. - <3
 5

. 6# ' $ # J J
# "

Fig. 91. Grilla de prueba para el cálculo manual de derivadas espaciales.

1277.27002 1277.38000 1277.48999 1277.58997 1277.73999 1277.89001 1278.06006 1278.25000 1278.46997 1278.68994

1277.71997 1277.83997 1277.96997 1278.08997 1278.22998 1278.39001 1278.56006 1278.75000 1278.94995 1279.15002

1278.18994 1278.32996 1278.46997 1278.60999 1278.76001 1278.92004 1279.07996 1279.26001 1279.44995 1279.64001

1278.66003 1278.81006 1278.95996 1279.10999 1279.27002 1279.43005 1279.59998 1279.77002 1279.95996 1280.15002

1279.13000 1279.29004 1279.45996 1279.62000 1279.78003 1279.94995 1280.12000 1280.29004 1280.46997 1280.66003

1279.59998 1279.78003 1279.95996 1280.13000 1280.30005 1280.46997 1280.64001 1280.81995 1281.00000 1281.18005

1280.06995 1280.26001 1280.44995 1280.64001 1280.81006 1280.98999 1281.17004 1281.33997 1281.52002 1281.69995

" % 6# - 3 . - <3 " " # ' # %

" *6" # ( " ( % & JE
JG 0

@ I E M = --∂$5∂63 K -∂$5∂.3 3 - 3 - D3
@ I E M = -- 3 K- 3 3

& " " 0

@ I - ; K -J 8 3 3 I ,+1, I 1

+ " 1 / D $ % " % % B"

* - 8 + 3

0
 6

7 " ' ' # $" % # # "

# " # # # # . - / / 01 / 30

7 * φ
- 3 ' # -@ 30

@ I φI J --∂$5∂635 - --∂$5∂63 K-∂$5∂.3 33 - 83

I J - 5@ 3

@ @ 8 % " 0

@ I J - ; 5 8 <D 8 3 I - ,. ) "!$

% * φ $" θ # $ "
% - / 3
L / 7 . #
@ @ 8 ∂$5∂6 " ( ∂$5∂. - * '
3 # N ' # θ 0
∂$5∂6 ∂$5∂. $"
@ I 2 K 2 8 1 I +1 ,. - ! % 3 K K 2 Jφ
K J 2 Kφ
7 " ' 4 4 + <D ; <; J K / Kφ
J J / Jφ
! " #
0

7 # ' # # @
' " ) +2 3 ' ∂ $5 6 I .
# 9 ∂ $5 6 >
∂ $5 6 < L /< 7 # E B
# - 3
% /;8 - # . // 3
- 3- / <3

# ' " 0

I ∂ $5 6 I - @ 8 J @ J @ 1 3 5 -∂63
I ∂ $5 . I - @ 8 J @ J @ D 3 5 -∂.3 - ;3

" " 0

I - O/ 2 J/ /// J/ D< 835- 3I - " % % &( 3

I - O/ 2 J/ 21 <J1 2; 35- 3I - " % % &( 3

+ 0 8 D/ D </ D 8 < # " #

" " P
 7

E 6 " # % # " " *6" "

# 6# - ;3 0

" 6 I EM = --∂ $5∂6 3 K-∂ $5∂. 3 3 - 23

" 6 I EM = -- 3 K- 33

& " " 0

" 6I √ I

# " + 4 " * " * $ .

# " # " ( " 6 ;1D82

" " ' " * "

: 0 $" @" 6 .
" " 4 $" .
+ # # " %

( ' . ' # .
) ( # $ #
# . '" - ' 3
. - ' 3 ( # 7
# # + * # # - 3
$ ' #

# # # * " : ? - /1/ // 3 # #
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" # * # " % ' # .
" ) . " # ' " ' . '

7 " + " #
* * > ? - / / <3 * * * - / / <3

7 " 0

Cperfil = ((∂2z/∂x2) (∂z/∂x)2 + 2(∂2z/∂x∂y) (∂z/∂x) (∂z/∂y) + (∂2z/∂y2) (∂z/∂y)2)

/ ((∂z/∂x)2 + (∂z/∂y)2) * ((((∂z/∂x)2 + (∂z/∂y)2) + 1)3) (28)
Cperfil = ((Ceste) (P18-P22)2 + 2*(Cmax) (P18-P22) (P24-P20) + (Cnorte) (P24-P20)2)
/ ((P18-P22)2 + (P24-P20)2)* ((((P18-P22)2 + (P24-P20)2) + 1)3)
 8

@ @ 8 " ' " N 6# ' - 13 * # (

" . " 6 E " % $ % + #
" " % 0

Cperfil = ((0.00524902) (9.43-9.11)2 + 2*(0.0068457) (9.43-9.11) (8.76-9.78) +

(0.00439453) (8.76-9.78)2) / (((9.43-9.11)2 + (8.76-9.78)2) *
((((9.43-9.11)2 + (8.76-9.78)2) + 1)3)

Cperfil = (0.0005374996 - 0.00446887296 + 0.00457206901)

/ (1.1428 * ((2.1428)3)

# I ; ; <2 D 8

7 " 0

Cplan = ((∂2z/∂x2) (∂z/∂y)2 - 2(∂2z/∂x∂y) (∂z/∂x) (∂z/∂y) + (∂2z/∂y2) (∂z/∂x)2)

/ (((∂z/∂x)2 + (∂z/∂y)2)3) - /3

7 ' % + # I <</ 2 ;

E B % ) > ? '" 5 " )

# " % # " ' # #
6# 0

Ctangencial = ((∂2z/∂x2) (∂z/∂x)2 + 2(∂2z/∂x∂y) (∂z/∂x) (∂z/∂y) + (∂2z/∂y2) (∂z/∂y)2)

/ ((∂z/∂x)2 + (∂z/∂y)2) * ((∂z/∂x)2 + (∂z/∂y)2 + 1) -< 3

@ @ 8 I ; /
 9

E % /D # ( # " . % " "

# # % +$, - 4 .#
) 3 E " % " % L /D # #
" % 0 ' $ # # $ # % - / 3 F 4 .#
- 6 3 " (
# - 3 210686

/8 " # % 210684

6 # " * " "

" " - . 210682

# 3 % # " E 7
210680
# 6
# * " ( ) 210678

# " 6
# 6 # ' # 210676

J # ( C $ . $' #
# % % ' # 210674

- $ . 3 513114 513116 513118 513120 513122 513124 513126

L /8 L 6 # # ( C $ .
# / - ) 3 .
& ) Q - # 3 .

Sitio
 10

! 4 & ' &! $ ' & 5 %! $ # %! $ % )'& $

7 " . # " =F # * # #
# * ' ' # @ .
- /1;3 " - // 3 % # " # % R
#

E B - / / 0 <2 3 ' # # N * 0

KA 'K K: I -< 3

A : # -6 .
$ 3 -6 . $ 3 -6< .< $<30

I ' - J < 3 K ' - < J 3 K '< - J 3 -< 3

A I - J <3 K - < J 3 K < - J 3 -< 3
I -' J '<3 K -'< J ' 3 K < -' J ' 3 -< 3
: I J JA ' J -< 3

@ J % ' " 0

I - '3 I J -- 5 3 K -A 5 3 ' K -: 5 33 -<<3

# " ( # % # * " *
" # " S ' < ' . ' ' % 0
L /; #
∂ 5 ∂ I J - 5 3 -<D 3 =F
∂ 5 ∂' I J -A 5 3 -<8 3 513,092.05 513,141.52
1,270 1,280
210,699.13 210,698.5
. 0 513,121.2
1,275
P1 513,101.54 210,688.95
P2 513,128.82
1,275
@ =F I ∂ 5 ∂ K ∂ 5 ∂' -<; 3 1,270
210,681.31
210,683.22 1,280
210,681.96
513,093.92
1,275
@ =F ' # 1,280 513,118.66
1,285
* ( " # P3 210,667.96

513,085.03 513,115.51 513,133.29

1,270 1,280 1,285
@ * # -@ @ @<3 1,275 1,290
210,654.59 210,655.25
- / ; 30

I ;1< - 1 J 183K ;1 /; - 18 J 283K ;;2 /; - 28 J 1 3

I ;<2

A I 2 8 -8 < 1 1 J 8 < 1 ; ; 3 K 1 -8 < 1 ; ; J 8 < 8D3K

 11

1 8 -8 < 8D J8 < 1 1 3
A I J 12

I 8 < 8D - ;1 /; J ;;2 /;3K8 < 1 1 - ;;2 /; J ;1< 3K

8 < 1 ;; - ;1< J ;1 /;3
I J</ D 2

@ =FI -J; < 2 5 J</ D 2 3 K - 1 2 5 J</ D 2 3

@ =FI J + .- + .P 9 3

@ * ' " " # # # # . - // 3.

" $ # * " - % 3 0

@ I J - 5 @ = F3 -@ =F ( @ ' <3

@ I J --∂ 5 ∂ 3 5 @ = F3

@ I J - ; D 5 < 13
@ I ,. 01 ) " ! $

! $ B . ' # " '

6# ' < % 0

∂ 5∂ I J- 5 3I ; D - 3
∂ 5 ∂' I J -A 5 3 I J D 2 D - 3

B &G . B 1;0

=F I @ I 2 K 8 1 / D I + . 01 ) "!$ - 4 ) /;3

! 4 & ' &! $ ! 6 & 5 %! $ # %! $ ' $ % ' %' % 7! " &

E # $ " 4 .# * '
# # ' " # - /113 6# 0

Ptrap1 = ((∆h / ( ((x1 - x2)2 + (y1 - y2)2))) + (∆h / ( ((x3 - x4)2 + (y3 - y4)2))))/2
y
Ptrap2 = ∆h / ((((x2 + x4)/2) – ((x1 + x3)/2))2 + (((y2 + y4)/2) – ((y1 + y3)/2))2)

: 0@ # 6# # # " " ( "

# $ .@ # 6# # # " ) # $
 12

$ # 6# % "
" 9 " % 4 @ # # 6" #
4 " B " ( @ # # 6" #
& " " - / 2 30

Ptrap1 = ((5 / ( ((513150.1 - 513169.2)2 + (210648.6 - 210642.8)2))) +

(5 / ( ((513159.5 - 513172.0)2 + (210661.9 - 210647.8)2)))) / 2

@ # I - 8 8 K ;8D35
@ # I 8 2 / - , -0P 3

( 0
Ptrap2 = 5/ √ ((((513169.2 + 513172.0)/2) – ((513150.1 + 513159.5)/2))2 +
(((210642.8 + 210647.8)/2) – ((210648.6 + 210661.9)/2))2)
Ptrap2 = 5 / (249.64 + 99.0025)
@ # I ; 2 2 1 - * -.8 3

& 4 " * ' $ " $ # % "

" @ # # "

7 # &'
# " " 0 L /2 * #
T <I -8 < 8 K8 < 8/ 835 I 8 < 8D 1 # $
! <I - ;D1 ; K ;; /35 I ;88 8
T D I -8 < ; / K8 < 2 35 I 8 < 2 ; P3 513,159.5
1,295 210,661.9
! D I - ;D 1 K ;D2 135 I ;D8 <

# " " $ -4 3
" * * P1 513,150.1
P4 513,172
"-∂6 ∂.30 1,295 210,648.6
1,300 210,647.8

4 I E M = --T < U T D 3 K -! < U ! D 3 3 I 1 ;2 /2 P2 513,169.2

1,300 210,642.8
6I T D UT < I 8 1
.I ! <U! D I / /8

7 ' # 0
@ I J -∂.5∂63
@ I + 9

! ' $" 0
= @ I 2 V K< V - . $ # " 3
= @ I + 9 - 4 /23