5.

BASIC ENGINEERING

We understand Basic Engineering as:

− Detailing of Contract Specification into General Arrangement, other

arrangement drawings, hull classification drawings and strength
calculations, system diagrams and related documents.
− Obtaining approvals from the client, classification society and other
regulatory bodies as well as from the shipowner.
− Providing necessary information for Detail Engineering as well as for
procurement and production planning to ensure smooth and trouble free
start for Detail Engineering Phase.

FIRST CHECKING POINT OF SECOND CHECKING POINT OF FINAL GENERAL

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT GENERAL ARRANGEMENT ARRANGEMENT

PROJECT DESIGN BASIC DESIGN

1 2 3
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Cabins & WC Units, Fresh Water Diag., Waste Flow Diagram,
Galley & Pantry
Cabins & WCEq. & Arr.,
Units, Windows, Deck Store Arr., Classification
Fresh Water Drawings
Diag., II, Routing
WasteDiagrams of
Flow Diagram,
GA Including MFZ and Em. Exit Plan,
Architect
Galleydrwgs, LiftEq.
& Pantry trunk
& Arr., Linen & Cleaning
Windows, DeckLockers
Store Arr., Sliding Fire Doors,
Classification Noise II,
Drawings HVAC, Power
Routing Distribution,
Diagrams of START OF DETAIL DESIGN
Midship section, MFZ and Em. Exit Plan,
GA Including Structural Fire Prot. Plan
arr.,Architect
Life Saving appl.,
drwgs, Lift trunk arr.,Linen
Ducting, AC, Main
& Cleaning Lockers andSliding
Vibration Calcula-
Fire Doors, Noise Lighting
HVAC, Arrangement,
Power Distribution,
Propeller
Midshiplocation and brackets,
section, Machinery arrangement
Structural Fire Prot. Plan Classification drwgs,
arr., Life Saving appl., Cable
arr.,Trays, Temperature
Ducting, AC, Main tions,
andTreatment
Vibration Plant of
Calcula-tions, Comm. and Security
Lighting Arrangement,
Subdivisioning, tank plan,
Propeller location specification, theory
and brackets, El. Machinery
Main Distribution
arrangement Insulation Schemedrwgs,
Classification & Emission, Automation
Cable Trays, List,
Temperature HVAC, Main Switch-
Treatment Plant of HVAC, systems,
Comm.Mach. Autom.
and Security
calculations, electrictank
Subdivisioning, loadplan,
analysis
specification, theory El. Main Distribution constr., WT Doors,
Insulation Scheme Loc.& of
constr., Navigation
Emission, systems
Automation List, boards,
MainWheelhouse
Switch-boards, System, Control
systems, Desk
Mach. Lay
Autom.
calculations, electric load analysis Main El.Doors,
Eq., Em. Building Process
WT Loc.el.
of Distr.
Main El. Navigation systems Arrangement,
Wheelhouse Radio Eq.
Arrangement, OutSystem, Control Desk Lay
Eq., Em. el. Distr. Radio Eq. Out Building Process

Delivery

Basic Engineering Phase consists of following elements, which should be co-

ordinated:

− Basic Engineering
− Procurement effort
− Building strategy

Throughout the Basic Engineering Phase close co-operation between

engineering, procurement and production planning organisations is needed in
order to guarantee a cost efficient and high quality performance.

Basic Engineering: Procurement: Building Strategy:

Functional design of Scope of supply Make or buy decisions
systems Supplier furnished Work procedures,
Arrangements Information standards
System Integration Machinery and other
Routing packages

Deltamarin has proven experience covering all these activities including project
management. Case by case teaming can be arranged according to client’s
needs.

Co-ordinated Basic Engineering Schedule is the key for a smooth and

successful Basic Engineering Phase:
 BASIC DESIGN
SCHEME OF WORK PROCEDURE AND PROCUREMENT
PROCUREMENT MAIN ITEMS
TECHNICAL INPUT 1
FROM DISCIPLINES
700 MAIN ENGINE
700 AUX. ENGINE
ORDER / DECISION FIRST CHECKING POINT OF
700 HEATING PLANT GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
400 RUDDER EQ.
400 STEERING GEAR LIFT ARRANGEMENT
400 FIN STAB PLANT STAIRWAY CASING
VENTILATION SHAFT
500 CABIN AREA ( turn key ) GARBAGE CHUTE
700 FO. BOOSTER UNIT ENGINE CASING
700 FO+LO PURIFIERS EMERGENCY DIESEL ARR.
400 ACCES EQ. GALLEYS & PANTRIES
200 STEEL MATERIAL LIFE SAVING APPLIANCES
400 WT DOORS SPRINKLER LOCKERS
400 ANCHOR + MOOR. WINCHES EL. APPARATUS ROOM ARR.
WT-DOORS
500 GALLEY & PANTRIES (turn-key) STORES
500 LAUNDRY EQ. AC-ROOMS
400 ELEVATORS BUNKER STATIONS
600 AIR COND. SYST. SHELL DOORS
600 SEWAGE SYSTEM CABIN EW.
600 WATER TREAT. CABLE TRUNKS
600 WASTE HANDLING EQ. ESCAPE ROUTES
FIRE LOCKERS
400 ANCHOR
600 SPRINKLER + DRENCHER
500 OUTSIDE WIND.
700 ENG. ROOM VENT.

400 MARINE ESCAPE SYSTEM

400 BOATS
400 DAVITS
400 LIFTING DEVICE 2
700 PROPELLER+SHAFT
700 BOW THRUSTER
700 RED. GEAR+CLUTCH SECOND CHECKING POINT OF
400 RAFTS GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
900 MAIN SWITCHBOARDS MOORING EQ
400 WINDOW WASH. SYST. PUBLIC AREAS
400 SEMI -WT DOORS VENTILATION PENETR.
500 FIRE DOORS A-class WINDOWS
700 FIRE FIGHTING SYST. DOORS
900 NAV&COMM.SYSTEMS
900 MACH. AUTOM. SYSTEMS
600 PROV. COOLING
400 LASHING DEVICE
700 EMERG. DIESEL
400 TEAK DECKS
700 BILGE W. SEPARATOR
700 FRESH W. GEN.
700 COMPRESSED AIR
900 LIGHTING FITTINGS
3

400 CHAIN CABLE

600 CALORIFIERS FINAL GENERAL
700 PUMPS ARRANGEMENT
700 HEAT EXHANGERS
400 MOORING DECK EQ.
400 OUTSIDE DOORS (steer &accom)
600 SWIMMINGP. EQ.
600 HYDROP. TANKS
500 HEAT EXHANG.
600 PUMPS
500 KEY SYSTEMS
400 ACCOM. LADDERS
400 CATHODIC PROT. SYST.
400 WIND SCREENS
900 PA-SYSTEMS

900 DISTRIB. BOARDS

500 PUBLIC AREAS (turn-key)
500 CREW AREAS (turn-key)
900 SPECIAL LIGHT. EQ.
900 CONTROL DESKS

PROJECT DESIGN BASIC DESIGN 1 2 3

TARGET POINTS
START OF DETAIL DESIGN
OF STRUCTURAL
DRW:S

1 2 3 4 5
GA INC. MFZ AND SRUCTURAL FIRE CABINS & WINDOWS FRESH WATER DIAG. WASTE FLOW DIAG.
EM.EXIT PLAN PROT. PLAN WC-UNITS DECK STORE ARR.
CLASSIFIC. DWGS. ROUTING DIAGRAMS
MIDSHIP SECTION MACHINERY ARR. GALLEY & PANTRY UNEN & CL. LOCKERS OF HVAC
EQ. & ARR. ARRANG. SLIDING FIRE DOORS
PROP. LOCATION EL. MAIN DISTR. POWER DISTRIBUTION
AND BRACKETS ARCHITECT DWGS. DUCTING NOICE AND
VIBRATION CALCUL. LIGHTING ARR.
SUBDIVISIONING LIFT TRUNK ARR. AIRCONDITIONING
TREATMENT PLANT COMM. AND SECURITY
TANK PLAN LIFE SAVING APPL. MAIN CABLE TRAYS OF HVAC SYST.

SPECIFICATION CLASSIFIC. DWGS TEMPERATURE WHEELHOUSE ARR. MACH. AUTOM.

EMISS. SYSTEM
THEORY INSUL. SCHEME & RADIO EQ.
CALCULATIONS CONSTR. AUTOMATION LIST CONTROL DESK LAY
OUT
EL LOAD ANALYSIS WT-DOORS MAIN SWITCHBOARDS

LOC. OF MAIN EL. EQ. NAVIGATION

SYSTEMS
EMERG EL DISTR
5.1 General Part and Theory

The main purpose of the general part is:

− to develop the General Arrangement as well as to co-ordinate its further

development with other disciplines
− to produce and obtain approvals for safety and ship theory documentation
− to calculate and control weight
− to prepare power/speed prognosis using DESP and other programs
− to develop final hull form using CFD-tools and to co-ordinate model testing.

We have thorough know-how of and tools for:

− hull forms (hundreds of model tests for different types of vessels, CFD-
analysis)
− safety issues
− efficient space arrangements.

Comparison of a bulbous bow for a ROPAX Ferry using a CFD tool.

5.2 Hull

Our way of doing structural Basic Engineering is not just to produce

classification drawings but also to ensure sound structural concept and to
support co-ordination of different disciplines as well as to provide information to
support procurement and production planning activities. Our expertise in 3-D
modelling and Finite Element Analysis makes this possible.

3D Structural modelling

We build the structural model from the General Arrangement and link them
together. Thus the structure and the General Arrangement are based on the
same model, which ensures co-ordination throughout the design phase.

Comprehensive use of 3-D modelling in Basic Engineering phase provides

significant advantages:

− Co-ordination by using volume model

− Link to FEM-calculation
− Extraction of drawings from model
− Material Take-Off
− Weight Control
− Basis for Detail Engineering

Structural 3-D model of a chemical tanker

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Structural design is supported by relevant technical calculations. Complex

structures require direct strength calculations. Accurate description of structures
and loads enables finding out reliable responses.

Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to carry out a large variety of static and
dynamic analyses for dimensioning and verification purposes:

Strength analyses of hull girder

3-D global half/full breadth FE-model, coarse element mesh

− Longitudinal strength calculations: global sea loads (bending moment and

shear force)
− Longitudinal strength of fore ship: bow impact loads
− Racking / transverse strength calculations: inertia forces and inclined sea
loads
− Docking calculations: actual loading condition and docking plan

Strength analyses of structural major/minor details

3-D/2-D local FE-model, fine/extremely fine element mesh

− Load carrying capacities of ship structures/equipment: calculated stresses

and deformations versus design criteria according to rules, for example bow
structures/bow doors under bow impact loads
− Fatigue strength analyses: hot spot stresses for fatigue life calculations
− Strength calculations based on non-linear features: ultimate strength
(collapse)

Vibration analyses of hull girder

3-D global half/full breadth FE-model, coarse element mesh

− Free vibration solutions (natural frequencies): mass distribution and added

mass
− Forced vibration responses: damping and exciter loads

Vibration analyses of local structures

3-D/2-D local FE-model, fine element mesh

− Free vibration solutions (natural frequencies) of typically pillar supported

deck panels, mast structures, etc.
5.3 Deck Outfitting

Level and Scope of work can be adjusted in detail to meet the requirements and
needs of the client.

The content is typically:

− schemes
− lay-outs
− calculations

Items typically handled:

− Hull and deck fittings, equipment and inventory deck stores and workshops
− Anchoring and mooring equipment
− Steering arrangement
− Stabilising systems
− Life saving and boat equipment, accommodation ladders
− Lifts and escalators
− Cargo and service hoisting and transfer equipment
− Heliports and other special arrangements

Our competence is in knowledge of all the different outfitting items regardless of

ship type.

Anchoring lay-out
5.4 Interior Outfitting

Level and Scope of work can be adjusted in detail to meet the requirements and
needs of the client.

The content is typically:

− schemes
− lay-outs
− arrangement drawings

Items typically handled:

− Insulation, lining and deck coverings (including machinery rooms)

− Crew accommodation, offices and technical spaces, fittings, furnishing
− and equipment
− Passengers' accommodation, fittings, furnishing and equipment
− Catering spaces, construction, insulation and lining, fittings and equipment
− Miscellaneous stores fittings and equipment
− General fitting in accommodation
− Inventory

Our competence is in knowledge of all the different interior items regardless of

ship type.

Internal stair arrangement

5.5 HVAC

Basic engineering scope for HVAC design typically includes calculations,

system diagrams, studies, layouts, etc. Procurement requirements and start-up
information for the detail engineering will be derived from the produced material.

Our competence is in knowledge of all the ship wide HVAC systems:

− Water systems
− Sanitation systems
− Heating and refrigeration
− Air conditioning and ventilation
− Waste handling
− Fire fighting

5.6 Machinery & piping

Basic engineering scope for machinery & piping design typically includes
calculations, system diagrams and arrangements.

Our competence is in thorough knowledge of all ship wide machinery & piping
systems:

− Propulsion machinery
− Power transmission
− Engines for electric generating
− Exhaust gas systems
− Steam and heat generating
− Cooling systems
− Fuel and lubrication oil systems
− Compressed air systems
− Ship systems, such as bilge, ballast, etc.

Units and packages to be

defined at early design
phase
5.7 Electric and Automation

Basic engineering scope for Electric, Communication, Navigation and

Automation system design includes typically electrical calculations, system
diagrams, descriptions, space reservations, arrangements, drawings etc.

Our competence is in thorough knowledge of all ship wide electrical systems:

− Engine room main and auxiliary systems

− Power generation and distribution systems
− Propulsion drives and systems
− Safety and security systems
− Integrated automation, control and monitoring systems
− Communication systems
− Navigation and steering systems
− Lighting systems
− System integration of supplier packages

For extended basic engineering a complete 3-D Bridge Design is typically

included.

Complete 3-D Bridge model