English For Technical Students

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ENGLISH FOR TECHNICAL STUDENTS

David Bonamy

Adviser: Tony Dudley-Evans

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Ha 06JI.: David Bonamy. English for Technical Students 1, 2.

Longman

ISBN 5-06-003040-7

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ISBN 0 582 74885 2 (BeJIHK06pHTaHHH) ISBN 0 582 74886 0

ISBN 5-06-003040-7 (POCCHHCKaH cI>e,llepalJ,HH)

© Longman Group Limited 1984, 1985, © B.B. Fparopos, npenacnoaae, 1994

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5

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• CTPYKTYpa 11. COACPlK3HHC noc06HJ1 MOryT JlBJlJlTbCJI npHMCpoM nOCJlCAOBaTeJIbHOii pe3JIH33LlHH 3B1'OpoM OCHOBHOro npHHLU1n3 AHA3KTHKH - CTPOro A03HPOBaHHOro nCpeXOA3 01' 60JlcC npocroro K 60- nee CJI0lKHOMY. B peaynsrare Y K3lKAoro Y'I3Il1CroCJI nOJlBJlJlCTCJI 'IYBCTBO YBepeHIIOCTH B CBOHX CHn3X 11. BCP3 B AOCTHlKHMOCTb nOCT3BJlCHHOii LlCJIH - 01L'l3ACIlHC H3BblK3MH 06cYlKAeHHJI TCXHH'lCCKHX acnpocoe H3 HHOCTP3HHOM lI3blKC. Flpenonaearem, AonlKCH BClI'ICCKH CnOCo6cTBOBaTb YKpefUlCHHJO 1'3- xoro POA3 YBepeHHOCTH Y'I3lL1HXCli H npa A03HPOBKC HOBOro M3TCPHaJJ3 HC BbIXO,lllffb 33 npenenst HX

peanbHblX B03MOlKHOCTCii. _

• TIPHHJlT3J1 B noc06HH MeTOAKK3 nOBTOpCHHJI CT3POro 11. BBOA3 HOBOro M3TCPHaJJ3 OOecnC'lHB3CT nCrKOCTb 33nOMHH3HHJ1 BBOAKMOii nCKCHKH 11. npO'lHOCTb YCBOCHHJI Bccii BBOAKMOii Y'IC6HOii HH<t>oPM3- LlHH. 31'0 AOCTHf3CTCJI C novouuao MHOroKP3THOro nOBTOpCHHJI OAHHX 11. TCX lKC, mt60 BapbHPYCMblX THllOBblX npoH3BOACTBeHHblX CHTY3LU1ii. B K3'1CCTBC T3KOro POA3 THnOBblX CHTY3LU1ii H3 H3'1aJJbHOM 3T3nc 06Y'ICHHJI HCnOJIb3YJOTCJI CHTY3LlHJ1 H3HMCHOB3HKJI npemte'ra (Wh3t'S this called? It's called 3 whcel), onpeACJlCHKJI P33MCPOB H KOnH'ICCTBa npCAMCTOB (The shelf is 1 m long), onHC3HHlI <t>oPMbl npenvera (Wh3t shape is it? It's triangular), nOliCHCHHJI H YTO'lHCHKJI (Which spanner? The long one), YK333HKJI MCCTOnOJIOlKCHKJI (Where is the saw? It's in the box), onpeAeJICHIIJI M3TCpHaJJ3 (What's it made of? It's made of steel), OnHC3HKJI cscacrs M3TepHaJJ3 (Steel is a tough material), BbtllCHCHHJI aeacnpasxocrea (Wh3t's wrong with the car? The tyre is flat), HCnp3BJlCHHJI OlliK6oK (19? No, 90) 11. T.A.

• BbICOK3J1 CTcnCHb H3rJIJIAHOCTH, 3PHTCJlbH3l1 npcAcT3BHMOCTb AeTaJJcii K3lKAOro npenvera 06- cYlKAeHHJI H K3lKAOii Y'IC6HOii CHTY3LlHH. 31'0 AOCTHraCTCli C nOMOlllbJO BblP33HTCJlbHblX 11., 33 O'leHb HctioJIbWKM HCKJlJO'ICHKCM, npodeccaonansuo TO'lHbIX PHCYHKOB 11. 'ICP1'ClKCii, ACJl3JOlLIHX nJ060ii npenMCT 06cYlKACHKJI npenensao JlCHbIM, nOHJlTHblM 11. nerxo' Y3H3BaCMblM Y'I3IW1M1tCJI. I1McHHo no 3Toii npH'lHHc CoOOllI3CMblC npenonasareneu Y'I3IW1MCJI PYCCKHC 3KBHBaJlCH1'bl BBOAKMblX 3HrmulcKHX TCPMHHOB AonlKHbl 1'O'lHO COOTBC1'CTBOBaTb roa TCPMHHOJIOrHK, C xoropoa Y'I3IW1CCli CTaJJ_KKBaJOTCli H3 33KJ1THJ1X no cnCLlKaJIbHblM npcAMeT3M. Bo BCCX COMIlHTeJIbHblX e,,1Y'I3J1X npenonasarens MOlKeT 06p3-

•

TJtTbCJI K onopHblM HCTO'lHKK3M 11. COCT3BJlCHHbiM cnCLU1aJJHCT3M1t cnosapav H.IIH npoxoncynsrapo-

BaTbCli Y npenonaearenea H COTPYAHHKOB ssmycxaiousex 11. npD(jJKJlHPYJOIWIX K3!fJeAp.

• 3KOHOMHOCTb BBeACHKJI HOBOro Y'Ie6Horo M3TCPHaJJ3, TllI3TCJlbHblii oT6op BBOAHMblX lI3blKOBbiX eAKHKLl- CJlOS, CJI0BOCO'lCT3HKii, rpaMM3TH'ICCKHX KOHCTPYKLU1ii. OCHOSblB3JICb H3 AeTaJJbHOM 3H3KOMCTBe C npoH3BOACTBOM H co sceMH 3cnCKT3MH 6YAYllIcii npoH3BoACTSCHHOii ACJlTCJlbHOCTH Y'I3lL1HXCJI, 3STOP 0T6Hp3eT It SBO,lllff TOJIbKO TC TCPMltHbl, 060pOTbJ, KOHCTPYKLlHH 11. rpaMM3T1f'1eCKHC JlBJlCHKJI, KOTOPblC AciicTSHTCJlbHO nOH3A06J1TCJI 06Y'I3CMbIM B HX np3KTH'ICCKOii p360TC. BHHM3HKe 06Y'I3CMOro He OTBJlCK3CTCJI H3 MCX3HH'ICCKOC 33nOMHH3HHC HC scerna nOHJlTHblX H 'I3CTO HCHYlKHblX eMY rpaseM3T1f'1CCKKX lIBJlCHHii, OAH3KO Hc06xoAHMblC H311blKK np3KTH'ICCKOro npHMCHCHHJI HCKOTOPOro MltHM-

B K3'1CCTBe onopHblX TCPMHHOJlOrH'ICCKHX HCTO'lHHKOB MOryT 6blTb peKOMCHAOBaHbl:

1) «KpaTKHii KIIJlIOCTpHpoBaHHblii PyccKO-aHfJlHiicKHii CJI0BaPb no M3WKHOCTpoeHHlO» B.B.

Illsapu, «PyccKHii Jl3bIK», M., 1980 r. 11. nOCJICAYJOIWIC M3A3HHJ1. B COCT3S CH36lKCHHblX KIIJlIOCTP3LlHJ1- MIt 3795 TCPMltHOS CJIosaPJI BXO,lllff sea TCPMHHOJlOrHll, pacCM3TpHBaCMaJI B noc06HH ):(. BoH3M1t.

2) «BoJlbWoii 3HrJlO-PycCKMii nOJIMTCXHIt'lCCKHii CJI0BaPb», «PYCCKMii lI3bIK», M., 1991 r. B ABYX TOMax 3TOro !j>YHA3MCHTaJJbHOro H3A3HHJI COACPlKMTCli CBblWC 20 0000 TCPMltHOB, KOTOPblC MoryT 6blTb MCnOJIb30BaHbl AJlJI YTO'lHCHKJI PYCCKHX 3KBHBaJlCHTOS.

6

MaJlbHOro KOJIH'IeCTBa lIeHCTI~lfTeJJbHO HeOOXOJlHMblX rpaMMaTH'IeCKHX npaBHJJ OTpaOOTblBaJOTCJI BeCbMa TIQaTeJJbHO na nOHJlTHblX H nporpeccaouansao 6J1H3ICHX 06Y'IaeMoMY npHMepaX. )f(eJJaTeJJbHO, BIfJlHMO, T~TeJJbHO O~eHHBaTb H oroHpaTb eecs BBOJIHMblH ua JaHJlTHJIX MaTepHaJI C Y'IeTOM lIaJ1bHeMWeM npaK11I'IeCKOM pa60Tbl 6YIIYutero HH)ffeHepa B HaY'IHO-HCCJlenOBaTeJJbCKOM HHCTHTyre H ua npoH3BOIICTBe, a TaK)Ke BblllOJlHeHHJI JallaHHH no HH<J!oPMallHOHHOMY 06eCne'leHHJO HayKH, npoBelleHHJI coecrBeHHblX HaY'IHbIX HCCJlellOBaHHH H T.ll.

CTPYKTYPHO noco6He npeacraanser co6oM CTaBWHM Y)Ke Tpa)lHWloHHbIM IIJIJI' JaPy6e)KHOH Y'Ie6- HOM JlHTepaTypbl llByxypoBHeBblH Y'Ie6HblH ~OMnJleKC, COCTOJllllHH H3 llBYX KHHr JI,IlJI Y'Ial1lHXcJI H llBYX KHHr JI,IlJI npenoaasareaa. Ka)KllaJi KHHra COCTOIfT H3 40 ypoKOB C peKoMeHllyeMoH AJIMTeJIbHOCTbJO OIlHOro xnaccnoro JaHJlTHJI B 45 MHHYT. J1cXOllJl H3 CTOJIb )Ke TpaJIHWIOHHOH I1J1JI BY30BCKOro Y'Ie6Horo npouecca lVIH'I:_eJJbflOCTH onnoro xnaccaoro JaHJlTHJI B 90 MHHYT H 06bl'lHO npenycuarpaeaeMblX 17 JaHJlTHH B 01lHH ceuecrp, npenonaearem, MO)KeT COCTaBlfTb CBOM MaH JaHllTHH, pacc-nrranHbiX aa pa60TY C OIlHOH KHHroM ('1aCTbJO) noc06HJ1 B Te'leHHe OIlHOro ceuecrpa.

BBOll HOBOro MarepHaJla aa Ka)KllOM nQCJIeJlYlOweM JaHJlTHH CTaBIfT nepea 06Y'IaeMbiM BnOJIHe nocrynaue IIJIJI em nOHHMaHHJI H IIOCTaTO'lHO nerxo paapeunoesse Jl3blKOBbie Jalla'IH, TeMaTHKa KOTopblX Cpa3Y BBO)lHT 06Y'IaeMoro B 06cTaHoBKY ero 6YlIyweH HH)KeHepHOH nearensaocra npHBO)lHMble aBTOpoM CHTyaWIH MOryT 6b1Tb nerxo HCnOJlb30BaHbl npenonaearenese B xasecrse 06pa3u,a 'JI,IlJI C0311aHHJI 11U10BbIX JI,IlJI MHHOM cneWIaJIHJa~ ClfTyallHoHHblX MOlleJJeH. Cp., HanpHMep, )lHaJlOIll 1) H 2).

1) -I'm a mechanic. What's wrong with the car? - The lyre is Hat.

. (Hcxonaaa ClfTyallHOHHaJI MOlleJJb asropa.)

2) - I'm a maintenance engineer. What's wrong with the landing gear? - The tyee is Hat.

(CHTya~HHaJI MOlleJJb, C0311aHHaJI «no oepasuy» npHMeHlfTeJJbHO K aBHaWloHHoM cneusaJIH3a~.)

Ilepeas: ICHuza noc061U1 B OCHOBHOM OpHeHTIlpOBaHa Ha BBOll 6a30BOH JleKCHKH H oTpa60TKY aaBWKOB YCTHOro 06l.l.1eHHJI no CneLtHaJlbHOCTIl, He06xo)lHMblX IIJIJI nOHHMaHHll c~wecTBa nOJlY'IaeMoro HeCJJO)KHOro npoH3BOllCTBeHHoro 3aJi.aHIUI H IIJIJI 06weHHll B npouecce ero BblnOJlHeHIUI. Bmopas: "HUea, nOMHMO oTpa6oTKH HaBblKOB 06weHHJI B 60JJee CJJO)KHbIX nPOH3BOllCTBeHHblX cHTyaWlJlx H BBOlla COOTBeTCTBYJOl.l.IeM JleKCHKH, conepsorr TaK)Ke 3Ha'IJfTeJJbHO 60JJbWHH OO>beM reKcToBOro MarepHaJla B BHJle pa3JIH'IHbIX HHCTPYKWlM no npHMeHeHIiJO HHcTPYMeHToB H CTaHKOB H T.II., npenaaauaxeauux JI,IlJI OTpa6oTKH HaBblKOB H3Y'IaJOl.l.Icro '1TeHHJI TeXHIi'leCKHX TeKCTOB cpellHeM TpYllHOCTH. B npHBO)lHMble B KOJl~e Ka)KJIOM '1aCTH CBOIIHble aurno-pyccsse repMHHOJIont'leCKHe CJJOBaPH BKJlJO'IeHbl TOJIbKO KOHreKcTYaJlbHble 3Ha'leHHll PYCCKHX 3KBHBaJleHTOB aHrJlHHCKHX TepMHHOB B YKaJaHHblx paaaenax noco- 6MJ1.

Bee Y'Ie6Hble MaTepHaJlbl noc06MJ1 HOCJlT IiCKJlJO'IHTeJJbHO npcxpeccHOHaJlbHlH>pHeHTHpoBaHHblH, IflYHK~HaJlbHblM xapaxrep H 06bl'lHO BKJlJO'IaJOT nOCJJellOBaTeJJbHOCTb npoH3BOllCTBeHHbiX MHHH-CHTyaUKH, TeMaTHKa KOTOPblX MO)KeT 6bITb JlHWb YCJlOBHO Ha3BaHa npoH3BOllCTBeHHOM: BCe TeXHH'lecKHe CJO)KeTbi 06eHX KHHr CBJlJaHbl C pa3JIH'IHbIMH aCneKTaMH TPYIIOBOH lIeJlTeJJbHOCTH B paMKax MacTepCKOH no peMOHTY MeTIlJ1JIOH3l1eJJHH H 6blTOBOH TeXHHKH, MacrepcKoH no peMOHTY 6b1TOBbiX aneKTpH'1ecKHX npH60poB, aBTopeMoHTHOH MacTepcKoH, a TaK)Ke C BbmOJlHeHHeM pa3JlH'lHblX pa60T no peMOHTY )l(HJJH~.

Flpa pa60re C noco6iteM B YCJJOBMJlX KOHKpeTHoro Y'Ie6Horo npouecca npenoJl3BaTe.1lH HHOCTpaHnoro Jl3blKa HecoMHeHHO 06paTJlT BHHMaHHe na cY!1leCTBeHHYJO pa3HHlIY Me)KllY CTOJlBWHMH nepea aBTOpoM Jalla'laMH H npellycMoTpeHHblMH cooTBeTcTBYJOllIHMH lleMCTBYJOllIHMH nporpaMMaMH ~eJIJlMH i!3Y'leHHll HHOCTpaHHoro Jl3blKa B OTe'leCTBeHHbIX Y'Ie6HbIX saseneaaax. J1cXOllJl H3 3mH pa3~ H y'lHTbIB8JI KOHKpeTHbie OCo6eHHOCTH peansuoro Y'Ie6Horo npouecca B KOIJKpeTHOM Y'Ie6HoM saseneHHH, npenonaearem, Bbl6epeT TaKHe IfloPMbI npaKTH'IeCKOM pa60Tbi C noc06HeM, xoropsre llall)'T eMY B03MOlKHOCTb HaHJJY'I1lIHM 06pa30M HcnOJlb30BaTb 1I0CTOHHCTBa noc06MJ1 H nOJIHOCTbJO peaJJH30BaTb ero lIHllaK11I'IeCKHH nOTeHWIaJI.

HcxollJl H3 paCCMOTpeHHblX Bblwe coo6pa)KeHHH H Y'lHTbIBaJI nOTpe6HOCTH H B03MO)KHOCTH y'Ie6-

7

noro npouecca B OTe'leeTBeHHbIX YCJlOBHJlX, Ii PYCCKoe H3naHHe KOMnneKCa BHeCeHbI 'CJlenYlOlllHe H3- MeHeHHJI H nononHeHHJI:

• KOMnneKC, COCTO.lllllHii H3 n~yx KHHr AJI.II Y'IalUeroc.ll H nBYX KHHr M.II npenonasareaa, 'BblXOj{HT B OnHOM TOMe C TBepnblM nepennerov npa nOJlHOM coxpanenaa scex CTPYKTYPHblX H MeTO){H'IeCKHX ocoeenaocrea oparanana.

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03HaKOMHBWHCb C nOCTynHblMH onopHblMH HCTO'lHHKaMIf aa PYCCKOM If aHrJIHHCKOM .113b1KaX H, npH He06xoltHMocTH, nony'IHB KOHCYJlb:ralllflO CnelllfaJIHCTOB, npenonasarens HHOCTpaHHoro .113b1Ka BbI.IICHHT, HanpHMep, 'ITO TepMIffi pliers If MeeT B aHrJlHiicKOM .113blKe WHpoKHii cnexrp 3Ha'leHHii H 1010- )l(eT 6b1Tb HCnonb30BaH AJI.II 0603Ha'leHHJI pa3.~H'IHbIX HHCTPYMeHTOB, HCnOJlb3yeMblx )lJIJI 33XBaTa H ynep)I(aHHJI npenueroe. K CO)l(aJleHIfIO, TaK)I(e Bbl.llCHHTC.II, 'ITO TO'lHblii IpyccKHii 3KBKB3.neHT 3TOro

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• none3HblM nononHeHHCM K nBYXTOMHOMY aHrno-pYCCKOMY nonHTeXHH'leeKOMY CJlOBaPIO MO)l(eT CJlylKHTb «Y'Ie6Hblii aHrJlo-pYCCKHH CJlOBapb-cnpaBO'IHIfK )lJIJI MaWHHOCTpoHTeJJeH» B.H. Brauresa H E.IO . .lI.onMaTOBCKoH (<<BbICWaJI uixona», M., 1991). CnOBaPb conepsorr 2,5 TI>IC. JleKCH'lCcKHX e,IJ,HHHU H MO)l(eT 6blTb peKoMeHnOBaH AJI.II KJlaccHoii paooTbl Y'lalllHxcli C .I1aHHblM nOC06HeM.

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)l.PYrMM npMMepoM TePMMH8 C WMpoKMM cnesrpoa 3H8'1eHMH MOlKeT CJJylKKl'b spanner/rae'lHblii KJlIO'I. rIpM BBOJle 3TOro TepMMH8 H8 38HJlTM,IIX npenOJl8B3TeJJb JlOlllKeH YK838Tb, 'ITO 3TOT TepMMH IICnO(lb3yCTcJI TOIIbKO B BemtK06pKr8HMM M HMeeT BeCbM8 UlMpoKMiI: cnejerp KOHKpeTHbiX 3H8'1eHHit, yOO'IHlIeMbiX O)lHMM HIIH JlByMJI CTOJIUlMMH nepen TepMMHOM JleBblMH onpeJleneHMJIMK. B CllIA, OTKYJl,8 nOCTYn8eT 60JJbWaJI 'I8CTb TeXHM'IecKoH JJKl'ep8TYPbl H8 8HrJJHMCKOM Jl3b1Ke, McnOllb3yeTCJI TepMHH wrench C 8H8JJOnI'IHblM 3H8'1eHHeM. TexHH'IecKHii CneUHaJlHCT B CllIA, BemtK06pKr8HMM HIIH POCCMll, nOlluYJlcb T8KOl'O POJl8 TePMHHOM, BCerJl8 YTO'IHJleT ero 3H8'1eHHe C nOMo?,,1O COOTBeTCTBylO~ero nesoro onpeJleneHMJI, H8npMMep:

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ehuek wrench/n8TJ1OHHblM KJlIO'I

construction wrench/6oJJbwoH MOHT8lKHblH rae'lHblii KJlIO'I, «MOHTMPOBK8" diagonal wrench/wBeJlcKHii rae'lHblH KJlIO'I H T.Jl., scero cssnue 30 TePMHHOB.

rIpH BBOJle K8KOro-JJM60 TepMHH8 H8 38HJlTMJIX npenOJl8B3TeJJb JlOlllKeH BCerJl8 YK83b1B8Tb, 'ITO rJl8BHblM JlOCTOHHCTBOM TepMMH8 JlBJJJIeTCJI OJlH03H8'1HOCTb, e)lHHCTBeHHOCTb ero 3H8'1eHMJI. T8K, H8; npMMep, MlI TOro 'IT06b1 38TJlH)'Tb csepno B n8TJ1OHe CBepnHJJbHOro CT8HK8, cneUM3JIHCTY nOH8Jlo&rrCJI He BOO6ute rae'lHblii KJlIO'I, 8 KOHKpeTHblii CneUH8JJbHblM HHcypYMeHT, H83b1B8eMblii chuck wrench/n8TJ1OHHblii KJlIO'I. rIpH BBOJle TepMMH8 spanner, HJIM wrench/rae'tHblH KJlIO'I CJJeJlYCT 06pa- 11ITb BHMM8HHe Y'l8lllMXCJl H8 To, 'ITO IPoPM8 H TMnopa3Mep 3TOro HHCTpyMeHT8 JlOlllKHbI COOTBeTCTBOB8Tb 4KlpMe H TMnOp83Mepy raiiKM/nut, jJ,llJI pa60Tbl C KOTOpoH 3TOT MHCTpYMeHT M npe)lH83H8'1eH. HH 4KlPM8, HH TMnopa3Mep raesaoro KJlIO'I8, H306palKeHHoro, H8npHMep, H8 JlHCYHKe, npMBeJleHHOM H8 c. 23, He COOTBeTCTBYIOT 4KlpMe it TMnopa3Mepy raiiKH,' H306palKeHHoH H8 TOM lKe CTpaHHUe, noCKOIILKY H8 pllCYHKe H306palKen8 WeCTHrpaHH3J1 raiiK8 MHOro 6oJJbwero TMIIop83Mepa, 'IeM THIlOp83-

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PaCCMOTpeHHble Bblwe ynYllleHMJI H HeJlOCT8TKH MOryT 6blTb nerso IICnpaBJIeHbI caMMM npenoaaB8TeJJeM B XOJle 38Hl1'111ii H B UeJJOM HM B KoeH Mepe' He YM8JJJIIOT O'leBHJlHblX M HcocnOpMMblX JlOCTOIIHCTB3TOro noc06HJ1. 3aJl8'18' K8)KJlOro pa6oT810111ero C noc06HeM npenOJl8~TeJJJI 38KJ1IO'I8eTCJI B TOM, 'IT06b1 J1011lKKblM 06pa30M M C M8KCMM8JJbHOH nOllb30H MlI Y'le6Horo npou,ecca 3TH JlOCTOHHCTBa pca.1IH3OB8Tb. B JlC3YJlbT8Te nepesona MeTOJlH'leCKHX YK838HMH MlI npenOJl8B8TeJJJ1 M BHeceHMJI CBJI- 38HHbpI: C 311fM JlOnOllHKreJJbHblX M3MeHeHHH B Y'le6Hble M8TepH8JJbI, pyccKHii B8pM8HT noco&Ul' nPl'" 06pen pJlJl JlOnOllHHTeJJbHbIX K8'1eCTB M B03MOlKHOCTeii, xoropue cyuiecraeaao paCWMpJlIOT MeTOJlM'IeCKIIC M JlMJl8KTM'IecKIIC B03MOlKHOCTH noco6HJ1, 8 T8K)J(e, Kpyr JlMlJ" xoropue MOryT ycneurao C HMM

, pa6O'raTb. T8K, noco6HeM ycneumo nomsyercs H 6yAeT nOllb30B3TbCJI UlMpoKMii xpyr JIMlJ, TeXHH'IeCKoH OpHeHT8lJ,HM, xoropue no TeM HJIM HHblM npH'IHH8M H8'1HH81OT H3Y'leHHe 8HrJlMiicKoro Jl3blK8 C HYJleBOro ypoBHJI. BblCOKaJI H8rJIJIJlHOCTb H nOHJlTHOCTb acex Y'le6HblX M8TepM8JJOB, OTC)'TCTBMe K8- KHX-JJM60 H8MeKOB H8 H8YKoo6pa3Me JleJJ810T 3TY KHHry uiJeaJIbHbUt nocooues« no CQ.Moo6{Hl306Q1fU1O M npM M3Y'leHMM Jl3blKa B YCJIOBHJIX OTCY-':CTBHJI K8KOH-JlItOO npaKTM'ICCKOH nOMOIUH co CTOPOHbl npenOJl8B3TCJJJI. MeTOJlH'IecKHe H JlMJl3KTH'IeCKHe OCo6eHHOCTH noc06HJ1 T8KlKe JleJJ8JOT em OC06eHHO

,

9

npHI'OJlHblM )IJUI HHJlKBItJlYaJlbllOH paooru npCnOJlaB3TCJlJl C OTCTalOlllHMH Y'IaIllHMHCJI, KOTOpaJi 06bl'lHO (H He scerna *PeKTHBHO) npOBO)IHTCJI BO scex BblCUlHX H cpenuax Y'Ie6HbiX JaBeJleHHJlX.

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B.B. FpU(OP06

AsTOP npeJIKCJlolIHJI H nepesoma« 6,1a~uilitI'Ul npo(p E I() llo.1·4aTollcKYiO, IUlfBUIYIO lIa Ct6i1 TpyJl npoaecrs KHHry npa nO,I1I'OTORKe 2·m pYl.Li,r,ro 11<,';amU! fI IlblCK3JaBlIIYlO PJlIl nO"C3HblX KPI1TIl'1ecKHX JaMC'IaHHH.

CONTENTS/CO,r:t;EP)KAHME

Students' Book 1/KHHr8 AJUI CTYAeHTOll

UnitOnc/~

1. What do you know? jqro Mbl YlKC 3HacM? ..

2. What's it called? /KaK 3TO Ha3h1sacTClI? ..

3. What's wrong'l jqro cny'lK1JOCb? ..

4. Whcre is it?/fllc HaxollHTClIllpejlMCT? .

Unit Two/Ji!m!sJ

1. What do you know? jqTO Mhi YlKC 3HaCM? .

2. How high is it?/KaK8JI BhlCOTa? .

3. It's only a meter high./Ee BhlCOTa scero 1 M ..

4. What shape is it? /KaKoA OHa CPOPMbI? .

Unit Three/~

1. What do you know? jqro Mhi YlKC 3HaeM? ; ..

2. How many?/CKtlJIbKO? ..

3. A pair of plicrs./nJlocKory61l,b1 ..

4. Where are thcy? /fllc 3m IlpejlMCTbl? .

UnitFour/~

1. What do you know? jqTO Mbl YlKC 3HaCM? ..

2. There's a fire!/nolKap! (3aropaHHC) , ..

3. There are no spanners.j+Ier raesasrx KJllOlfcii .

4. How many are there? /CKOJlbKO TaM IlpejiMeTOB? .

Unit Five/Ii.nOK 5

1. What do you know? jqTO Mbl YlKe 3HaeM? ..

2. It has a guard./OH (searanarop) orpalKlIeH peurerxoa ..

3. Thevhave no covers./OHH (BbilUllO'faTeJIH) He 3aKPblTbi .

4. How many does it have? /CKOJlbKO jleT8JleA BXO,llHT B YCTpoAcTBO? .

1. What do you know? jqTO Mbl YlKe 3HaeM? .

2. Thirteen or thirty? (fpHHalluaTb HJJH TPHlIU3Tb ? ..

3. The length is 1 m./)lJlHHa (JlUlHKa) 1 M ..

4. Add, subtract, multiply. dividc./npH6aBHTb. OTHJlTb. YMHOlKHTb. pa311eJ1H1'1> .

Unit Seven/B.noK 7

1. What do you know? jqTO Mbi YlKe 3HaeM? ..

2. Press that pedal./HalKMH aa ny nenam, : ..

3. Bring me the hammer./npHHccH MHe MOJlOTOK .

4. Don't touch it./He rporas! .

16
18
19
21
23
24
26
28
30
32 •
34
35
37
38
40
42
44
4S
47
49
51
52
54
56
58
60
62
63
11 Unit Eight/~

1. What do you know? ~TO Mbl YJI(e 3HaeM? _... 65

2. Which one? /KaKOK'? 66

3. The one at the tOp.(fOT, KOTOPblii: paCnOJIOJl(eH ssnne. 68.

4. The one with the long handle.ZTor, KOTOPbl1i C llJIHHHOH PY'lKOii:............................................................... 70

I

Unit Nine/s"10K 9

.

1. What do you know? ~TO Mbl YJI(e 3HaeM? : _..................................... 72

2. What's it made of? /M3 sero OH caenaa? A 73

3. Use a wooden one./nOJlb3yii:CJI JlepeBJlHHoii: JlOJl(KOii:! 75

4. The handle of the hammer./PYKoJlTKa MOJlOTKa............................................................................................. 77

Unit Ten/EJioK 10

1. What do you know?~To Mbl YJI(e 3HaeM? 79

2. How much gravel? How many bricks? /CKOJlbKO rpasaa? CKO.lJbKO KHpnH'Ia?.......................................... 80

3. It's rigid. You can't bend it./OH Jl(ecTKHH. Ero HeJlb3J1 coruyrs, 82

4. Why is it made of plastic? /nO'IeMY OH cnenan H3 W1aCTHKa? 84

Revision Unit/noBTOPHTeJlbHblii: pa3i!eJl.............................................................................................................. 86

Mero~H1fecKHe yxaJaHHII .IlJIR npenO~BBaTeJlR (l )

Baeneaae :............................................... 90

MeTOJlH'IeCKHe YKa33HW1 K EJioKaM 1-10 : "":"":" 96

EJiOK 1.................................................................................................................................................................. 96

EJiOK 2.................................................................................................................................................................. 101

EJiOK 3 :......... 105

EJiOK 4 108

EJiOK 5 _.......................................................................... 111

EJiOK 6 114

s"10K 7 :............................................................................................................................................................. 116

EJiOK 8 118

EJiOK 9................................................................................................................................................................... 120

EJiOK 10 , _ :.............................. 122

nOBTOpHTeJlbHblH pa3J1eJ1 124

Crrosaps TeXHM'IeCKHX repMHHOB :... 126

ENGLISH FOR

" .

TECHNICAL STUDENTS

1

Students' Book 1

1 Complete this:

Ron is a _

. He is also a _' ~_

Alan is an _

He is also a _

Kamal is a _

He is also a _

1 Make sentences about yourself:

Hello!

I'm _

I'ma _

(or I'm an )

15

Unit one

1 What do you know?

1 What are these?

Example: (a) - car

r

(a) (b)p (c) (d) ~. (e)

~lmDmJ~ ~~

house / car / wall / pipe / bicycle

2 Name the parts:

Example: 1 - window

(roof / window / tyre / door / wheel)

3 What are these tools called?

Example: (a) - knife

(c) ~

(f)

\

I

saw/ ladder / hammer / screw / screwdriver / pencil/ruler / knife 16

, 4 What are these called?

Example: 1 - box

switch / 'socket / chair / table, / drawer / box / fan / lamp / shelf

5 Match the words with 'the pictures:

Example: I a long pencil - picture (d)

1 a long pencil, 6 a broken ladder

2 a wide ruler 7 a big bicycle

3 a small bicycle 8 a high table

4 a low table 9 a narrow ruler

5 a short pencil 10 a bent ladder

(a)A

»:

(c)

__ --.....In.

(f)~ (g) . Jii.

17

2 'What's it called?'

Alan, Kamal and Ron have a car. This is it.

Kamal often repairs I the car.

What's this called in English?

6 Repeat: A: What's this called in English?

B: It's called a' wheel.

7 Complete these:

Example: (a) This is called a car.

This is called a _

(b)

@

This is called a _

This is ~

(d)

This is ;_" _

(e)

This _

(f)

This _

8 Look at the pictures in Exercise 7. Ask and answer:

Example: (a) A: What's this called in English?

B: It's called a car.

18

9 Make sentences:

Look at this. It's called a bicycle.

Look at that. It's called a house.

-

Example: (a) Look at this. It's called a bicycle.

(b) Look at that. It's called a house. (c) Look at this. It's called a wheel.

10 Ask and answer:

Example: (a) A: Look at this. What's it called?

B: It's called a bicycle.

3 'What's wrong?'

What's wrong with the-car?

11 Repeat: A: What's wrong with the car?

B: The tyre is flat.

19

12 Make sentences:

Example: (a) The pipe is long.

(a)

(d)

(g)

pipe/short

pipe/long t

tyre/wide

83ffi mm

13 Match the sentences with the pictures:

Example: 1 The ruler is broken - picture (b)

I The ruler is broken. 5 The screwdriver is bent.

2 The hammer is broken. 6 The saw is broken.

3 TI->e screwdriver is broken. 7 The window is broken.

4 The tyre is flat. 8 The saw is bent.

tyre/narrow

(a)~

\Q}

(c)

(g) &

Q

(b)

14 Make questions and answers from the pictures in Exercise 13:

Example: (a) A: What's wrong with the tyre?

B: It's flat.

20

4 'Where is it?'

Kamal, Ron and Alan live together in this house.

•

. 15 Repeat: A: Where's the screwdriver?

B: It's on the table.

16 Make sentences:

Ron and Alan often repair the house .

The screwdriver is ....

The switch is ....

(a)

on the table

under the table

in the box

(d) [!]

[88

above the window

beside the window

(ej 8111 (g)
B8@n
I!J
below the between the
window window and •
the door Example: (a) The screwdriver is on the table.

21

17 Are these true or false? Correct the false sentences:

Example: (a) FALSE -- The screwdriver is on the shelf.

(a)~

(b)f-=fJJ

(c) @?J

(d)

~

(e)m

B8

(0

El

The screwdriver is

under the shelf.

(g) ,£;;::lJ The screw is under ~ the box.

The door is (h)

between the socket and the table.

The fan is ~ between the lamp ~U---IJ- and the table.

The ruler is (i) o The ran is above
in the drawer. the door.
-t-
The switch is (j) ~ The pencil is on
below the table. the chair.
The box is on (k) EJ The socket is on
the table. R- the table.
The socket is (I) The saw is on
above the !:: ='-the shelf.
window. 18 Make questions and answers. Draw the objects:

Example: (a) A: Where's the tyre?

B: It's under the table.

(e) shelf / below / window (0 chair / beside / table

(g) ladder / between / door / window (h) saw / under / chair

(a) tyre / under / table (b) pencil/in / drawer (c) hammer / on / shelf (d) switch / above / door

22

Unit ·two

1 What do you know?


setsquare / spanner- / bolt / nut / nail

2 What are these shal?es? (a) (b)

D

a square / a circle / a triangle / a rectangle

3 What are these?

(e) r- (f) well / road I bridge I wire / rope J coin I clock / truck / book / plug / blackboard

23

2 'How hiqh is it?'

Ron is making a new door. Alan is helping him.

4 Repeat: A: How wide is the 'door?

B: It's one metre wide. A: And how high is it? B: It's two metres high.

5 Make sentences:

Example: (a) The door is one metre wide.

(a)

D

(b)

NOTE:

24

2m __ , (h) ~I~

il I~U

(f)

;...1 =====~.11-20mm

.r_' z _

m = metre

mm = millimetre km = kilometre

Write 2m ....

_ __ ~_:~ metres J

6 Study this:

r

high

1

,._ long~'

higlDD ,'100

-1+ wide r+l

7 Make questions and answers:

Example: (a) A: How long is the wall? .

B: It's ten metres long. A: And how high is it? B: It's two metres high.

(a)

I

deep

1

wide

,~ >1

- - 1-

_. - ...

- - --

(d)

~!~

I 2km I

(b) «'~ I~ <e)

/'~~~km !:

~ .,

8m~~n_"

(c)

I~ 2m

(h)

~DL ~l

1~lm~1

(j)

(1)

~rOmm

(k)

cabinet

8 Make sentences from the pictures in Exercise 7:

Example: (a) The wall is ten metres long and two metres high.

9 Measure these objects in your classroom and make sentences:

(a) door (c) box (e) window

(b) ruler (d) blackboard (f) cabinet

3 'It's only a metre high.'

10 Repeat: A: The wall is 5 metres long.

B: But the wire is only 1 metre long.

26

11 Make sentences:

Example: (a) The wall is 4m long; but the wire is only 2m long.

(a)

CftL.__< __ 4m_------I

~--2-m-·-~---IC1' wall/wire

(c)

(e)

wood/screw

wood/nail


Example: (a) A: How long is the wall?

R: It's 4m long.

A: And how long is the wire? B: It's only 2m long.

A: That's too short.

13 Make questions and ans~ers:

Example: (e) A: What's wrong?

B: The wall is 4m long, but the wire is only 2m long.

27

4 'What shape is it?'

Kamal is repairing a hole in the car.

14 Repeat: A: What shape is the hole?

B: It's triangular.

15 Read this:

II V

BB @

The door is rectangular

The plug is triangular

The window is square

The wheel is circular The wheel is round

16 Make sentences:

Example: (a) This ruler is rectangular.

(b) fEI3EBl

U]

28

=:

(d)O

o

(f)

(g)0··· . ) ..

. . . . .

(h)~

(

., . I

17 Make questions and answers about the pictures in Exerci~ 16:

I "

Example: (a) A: What shape is the ruler?

8: It's rectangular.

18 Describe these objects:

. Example:· fa) The window is rectangular. It is six metres

I long and three metres high.

(d)

(a)

f

1~===lF;====l1 Jm

~

I~

6m--~~1

(e)

(c) , • . T (f)
... ~ ,
'\
• • 500mm
1
..
I • ,.
~500rnm~ .<

19 Deseribe objects in your classroom in the same way:

(a) blackboard (b) window

(c) door

(d). setsquare

(e) ruler (0 clock (g) switch (h) watch

i

220mm

1

-

o 0 loomm

I~ )

lOOmm

U nit three

1 What do you know?

(a)


(c)

chisel/file I scissors / vice / pincers / bench / pliers

2 What are these called?

(c) (f)

~

(g)

(h)

~Ce=J

30

bottle / goggles / bulb / woman / glasses / man / battery / factory

3 Give the plurals of these words: (a)

~ w @
.
. -~ ~
-
bulb bulbs (b)

file

(c) vice (d) box (e) car

(f) house (g) bench (h) roof

(0) woman (p) factory (q) shelf

(i) tyre

(j) battery (k) saw

(I) -rnan (m) knife (n) switch

4 Match words and numbers:
Example: eleven -- II
eigl} \\~\eet\ seJ.tel] \9 6
Iy At
~\i-\" seventy 'j.\eet\ 10 20
<;\ \ CO .
{OUrt ,~~\. '4' n
eel] e\: '1/'1. \5 80
nineteen f'f'J'} II
\\~\'i t\\t\e 50 90
thirty \'JtI0 (ort), 70 5
five \4
seventeen 1f'1] 7 60
ol]f' \2
s,..;. , \\\eet\ 30 3
e\'b 40
e~\.'" eleven \ou"< 2
\.~ 9
ninety tWf'/ 16 8
three "f' 17 31

2 I 'How many?'

Alan is buying some things in a shop.

(a) pencils . . . . . . . . 4

(b) knives I

(c) switches 3

(d) bulbs' 2

(e) nails.......... 20

(f) screws 30

(g) batteries 8

(h) nuts.. . . . . . . . . 9

(i) bolts.......... 6

CD files 7 .

5 Make questions and answers from the list above:

Example: (a) A: How many pencils?

B: Four.

6 Count these objects:

Example: (a) A: How many tyres?

B: One-two-three-four-five-six.

Six tyres.

(a)

(b)

(C)cdd dn

~ n ~

~

(e)

(d)

.. ,J

r

, ,(g)

.. \1 11 ~
\l 11 i ~
~
- 7 Count these:

. Example: (a) A: How many nuts?

B: One-two- .. , etc.

Fifteen nuts.

, '

~:,23",334 "h~

"

33

3 'A pair of pliers.'

8 Repeat: A: What are these called?

B: They're called pliers.

9 Make sentences:

a pair of pliers

These are pliers. or

This is a pair of pliers.

a box of tools

a set of spanners

Example: (a) These are pliers.

This is a pair of pliers.

(a) pliers (b) pincers (c) scissors (d) goggles

34

(e) glasses (f) spanners

(g) screwdrivers (h) chisels

(i) rulers (j) tools (k) matches (I) nails

a packet of nails

(m) screws

(n) nuts and bolts

10 Make a list:

Examples: (a) one pair of goggles (b) three pairs of pliers

(a)

(~

~(~~ (b~~~:::~ (j~~

(c) ~ A L\ It cx;::.... g-

\..Jj'c:r ~ ~ C':)" :" two sets

(d)~

(~

4 'Where are they?'

11 Repeat: A: Where are the nails?
B: I think they're in the box.
A: No. They're in the drawer.
12 Read these: 0[D0 B8 BBIIl[D[!]
The switches are The switches are
to the left of to the right of
the window. the window.
2· 35 13 Complete the sentences:

f-:-

: -: . :- : .. '.' .. ~ '.

. ~ .. . . . '. . - . " .. . . . .. ' .. . . . .. . . . . . .

, :'-: .. :~~ .: :'i' . ~ ~'~~.' ~

.':.~ i if',' .'.1 .

. .

. . . . .. .'. . . . .

(b) (c) (d) (e)

Example: (a) The chisels are to the right of the files.

(a) to the right of the (f) between the table and

files. the bench.

___ above the chisels. (g) below the shelves.

___ under the table. (h) to the right of the

___ on the bench. bench.

_~_ to the left of the (i) to the left of the

chisels.

shelves.

14 Make questions and answers about the picture above:

Example: (a) RON: Where are the vices?

KAMAL: I think they're in the boxes. ALAN: No. They're on the bench.

(a) vice / in / box .(e) chair / between / bench /ladder

(b) chisel/below / saw (0 shelf / above / bench

(c) file / right / chisel (g) box / on / bench

(d) saw / right / chisel (h) ladder / left / table

36

U nit four

1 What do you know?

1 What are these?

SAFETY NDTIC~

... -._._ .

.......... .

.......... -_ .

.......... -

.......... - .

... __ .

.......... _ _-

':" --

fire / boot / glove / machine / guard / goggles / helmet / toolboard / match

I .

2 Match words and numbers:

seventy-six

3 Read out these numbers:

100 125 1002

101 238 1031

113 1000 1583

10,000 100,000 800,000

32

87

6S

1,000,000 1,500,000

37

2 'There's a firel'

Alan is in the workshop. He is giving a warning.

Look out! There's a cable on the floor.

Be careful! There are bricks on the shelf.

4 Repeat: A: Look out! There's a cable on the floor.

Be careful! There are bricks on the shelf.

5 Read dlis:

I There is a vice on the bench.

2 There are hammers on the table.

3 There is a pair of pliers on the toolboard.

6 Make sentences:

.....................

:-:it@.·.·····3··-:-:·:·:

.. . ..

.. .. .. ..

'" ..

.. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

38

Example:

1 There are screwdrivers on the bench.

7 Draw the picture:

In the picture there's a tool board, a bench and a table. The bench is below the toolboard and the table is to the right of the bench.

There is a hammer on the bench. There are spanners on the table. There is a pair of pliers on the toolboard. There is a cable on the floor between the table and the bench. There are bricks under the table.

8 Make ,!,arnings:

Look out! Be careful! Stop!

(a)

--+ .1..1..

nails/road

Example: (a) Look out! There are nails on the road.

fire/workshop

holes/pipe

(d) _

~ hole/ground

(e)

saw/wire

(f)

knife/table

ladder/wall

bottles/box

(j)

bricks/ ground

39

3 'There are no spanners.'

Kamal is in the workshop

There 's no hammer in the box.

And there are no

9 Repeat: A: There's no hammer in the box.

B: And there are no spanners.

10 Are these true or false? Correct the false sentences: (Note: Look at the picture on page 24, Exercise 6)

Example: (a) FALSE - There's NO vice on the bench. (a) There's a vice on the bench.

(b) There are files on the toolboard. (c)' There are 'no tyres on the table. (d)' There are switches on the wall. (e) There's no battery on the table. (f) There's a saw under the table.

II Make sentences:

Examples: (a) There are no pliers on the board.

(d) There are two pairs of pincers on the board.

(a)"" ~ (c) (g~
(h)~
(b)
, ~
(d)n n (f)~ (i)
, "

40 12 Match the sentences and the pictures:

WORKSHOP I

WORKSHOP 2

Example: (a) There are no vices on the bench - 9 (a) There are no vices on the bench.

(b) There are goggles on the wall.

(c) There's no/guard on the machine. (d) There are vices on the-bench.

(e) There are ·tools on the board.

(f) There is no helmet on the wall. (g) There are no goggles on the wall. (h) There are gloves on the shelf.

(i) There are no tools on the board. (j) There's a guard on the machine. (k) There are tools on the floor.

(1) There's a helmet on the. wall. (m) There are no gloves on the shelf.

13 Answer this question: Which workshop is safe?

41

4 'H ow rna ny are there?'

\\

How many nuts are there in the box?

14 Repeat: A: How many nuts are there in the box?

B: There are about 20.

IS Read this:

There are exactly 5 nails in this box.

There are about

30 nails in this box.


Examples: (a) A: How many screws are there in the packet?

B: There are exactly five.

(b) A: How many matches are there in the packet?

B: There are about 50.

(a)

(c)

(e)

(f) pairs of gloves/shelf

ii:P

\

~(A~

boots/table

match/box

page/book

42,

(g)

brick/wall

. . .. ........

· . . .. . ,. . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .... .,. ..

. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . " . '"

· . . .. . . .. .. . , .. . .. ... .. . .. .....

• • • • .. .. • .. • • • .. • • .. ..11:,' ...

· . . . ... . . .. .. ... .. .. .

. .. . .. . . .. . . . .. .. . .. " .....

.. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. ..

" .. .. • 4 .. .. • .. .. .. • • ." .. .. ..

.. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. "

hole/toolboard

17 Answer these questions:

Examples: (a) There are' 80.

(c) There are about _

(a) How many pages are there in this book?

(b) How many windows are there in your classroom?

(c) How many windows are there in your school or college? (d) How many people are there in your classroom?

(e) How many people are there in your school or college? (f) How many books are there in your classroom?

(g) How many books are there in your school or college? (h) How many tools are there in your workshop?

(i). How many people are there in your town or village'? (j) How many people are there in your country?

U nit five

1 What do you know?

1 What are these caUed? (a) Parts of the body

tooth / arm / teeth / leg / head

(b) Parts of objects in a workshop

• I • I ,

I ' I ' , ,

I ,

, I

, ,

I ,

I I

, .

: , , ,

" I --- •• J

---,

c- ,

I

I

\ I ,

\

I \

... _--,'

teeth / arm / point / blade / leg / handle / rung / head 44

2 What are these?

. /

cassette player / radio / calculator / button / key / switch / knob

2 'It has a guard.'

Alan is checking the fans in the house.

This fan is safe. It has a guard.

3 Repeat: A: This fan is safe. It has a guard.

4S

4 Match, and make full sentences:

Example: (a) - (3): A car has'four wheels.

(a) A car has. . . (I) four legs.

(b) A table has. . . (2) two legs.

(c) A hammer has. . . (3) four wheels.

(d) A man has. . . (4) walls, windows, doors and a roof.

(e) A house has. . . (5) a handle and a blade.

(0 A chisel has . . . (6) a handle and a head.

(g) A pair of scissors has. .. (7) two handles and two blades.

(h) A,knife has. . . (8) a handle and a blade.

5 What are these parts called?

Example: (a): I handle

6 Match the sentences with the pictures in Exercise 5:

Example: 1 This tool has a blade and two handles - picture (0 1 This tool has a blade and two handles.

2 This tool has a handle and a blade.

3 This tool has a head and a handle.

4 This object has two arms and four legs. 5 This tool has a handle and two blades.

6 This tool has two handles and two blades.

46

3 'They have no covers.'

Alan is checking the fans and switches.

This fan is dangerous. It has no guard.

r---~ ...... --::--

These switches are dangerous. They have no

7 Repeat: A: This fan is dangerous. It has no guard.

These switches are dangerous, They have no covers.

8 .Study these:

~

cover

@

Alan and Ron have one watch each. OR

Alan and Ron have two watches altogether


Example: (a) A: What's wrong with the car?

B: I t has no wheels.

/. (a)

~

car/wheels

wire/plug

(b)

fan/guard

lamp/bulb

(e)
Q
house/windows
(f) (g)

door/handle

(h)JI

knife/blade

chair/legs 47

10 Complete the sentences:

Examples: (a) These ladders have 12 rungs all together. (b) These tables have no legs.

(a) These ladders have _

all together.

(b) These tables legs.

( c) These saws two

handles _

(d) These fans three

guards _

(e) These hammers no

(f) These chairs eight

legs _

(g) These knives _

(h) These men two

(i) These fans six

blades _

11 Make sentences:

Examples: (a) These fans are safe. They have guards.

(b) These switches are dangerous. They have no covers.

(a) ! (e) ~ranS/guard

m

(b)

plug/cover (d)

switches/covers machine/ guard

48

(e)

(h)

I ' I

12 Repeat: A: How many keys does it have?

B: It has 23.


Example: (a) A: How many teeth" does this wheel have?

B: I t has 8 teeth.

(a)

tooth/wheel

rung/ladder
(c)
,_.,. /
o 0
V
door/cabinet handle/saw

blade/fan

(e)

~~

blade/knife

screw /switch (f)'

tooth/saw

point/ pencil

49


Example: 1 A: How many switches does the cassette player. have?

B: It has 3.

0-i - - -
I~ - - -
Cb - - -
width
diameter
height ~
volume

thickness
area
length G
depth A D F U nit six

1 What do you know?

I Match' the words with the numbers:

BL-.---+-------'C (=AB x BC)

2 Complete this:

Example: (a) lengthl--- long (a) length-----..

(b) width---~----.

(c) height-----

(d) depth--------+

(e) thickness-----+

E

(=AB l( BC xCE)

S1

2 'Thirteen or thirty?'

Ron is showing Alan ho~ to mark out wood. Alan mak~s a mistake. Ron corrects him.

3 Repeat: A: Mark nineteen millimetres.

No. It's nineteen.

4 Study thi~

Say these numbers like this: 13 thirteen

30 thirty

5 Read these out:
13 15 17 19 170 119 116
30 50 70 90 114 140 1,18
14 16 18 160 130, 117 115
40 60 80 113 190 180 150
52 6 Make questions and answers:
Example: (a) A: Is it nineteen?
B: No. It's ninety.
(a) A: 19? (d) A: 80? (g) A: 16?
B: .l9: 90 B: ~ 18 B: 16. 60
(b) A: 50? (e) A: 14? (h) A: 30?
B: 3ft: 15 B: 14. 40 B: )4l 13
(c) A: 13? (f) A: 70? (i) A: 4O?
B: H 30 B: ~ "17 B: ~ 14 7 Study this:

Write it like this: 4,653

Say it like this: four thousand, six hundred and fiftythree

four point six five three

one point oh one or

one point zero one

4.653

l.01

8 Read these out:

(a) 18.05 (b) 6016 (c) 4.14 (d) 17.125 (e) 90,019 (f) 80.018

(g) 230 l.5 (h) 230.15 (i) 23.015 U) 2.3015 (k) 0.23015 (I) 0.023015

9 Dictation. Your teacher will say some numbers.

Write them down.

S3

3 'The length is 1 m.'

The length of the box is two metres. . The width is one metre.

The height is one metre.

But the space is only one 1----..1 by one by one metre .

10 Repeat: A: The length of the box is two metres. The width is one metre. The heigh t is one metre.

D: But the space is only one by one by one metre.

II Study this:

Write it like this: 4mx 5mx 6m

Say it like this: four by five by six metres.

12 Read these out:

Example: (d) Two metres by three metres by four metres.

(a) 2m (d) 5mm (g) I km

(b) 2m x 3m (e) 5mm x 6mm (h) Ikm x 3km

(c) 2m x 3m x 4m (f) 5mm x 6mm x 8mm (i) Ikm x 2km x 3km

13 Make sentences:

Example: (a) The door is one by two metres.

(a)

T

o 2m

L...-..-....I~

It- Im~1

(b)

.. t

. 2m

.. ,1.

1~3m---+l- 54

(c)

(e)

2<;ym

~.

800mm-'l~ 300mm

3mm «:: ;" ";' '::';" :"'; .' ,,~) 1....._500mm--+l~ 15mm

(d)

(f)

r

600mm

~

OOmm

==:; :::::-
-....
..
~ /3
,._. 400mm

14 Make sentences:

Example: (a) The height of the door is 2.05m and the width is O.8m.

T (c)
33.25m
• 2.05m
, 1
1 ... -
. - ..
~O.8m'" 2.5m

(d) (a)

(b)

15 Study this:

•

2mm

Write it like this: 20m2

. 60m3

(f)

, ~ 130mm

~ ... ,V '.

13mm

(a) desk top (b) table top (c) blackboard (d) cabinet

(e) window

Say it like this: twenty square metr-es sixty cubic metres

16 Look at the pictures in Exercise 13 above. Make sentences:

Example: (a) The area of the door is 2m2•

(a) area (d) volume

(b) area (e) volume

(c) volume (f) volume

17 Measure objects in your classroom (or guess their measurements).

Make sentences:

Example: (g) The length of the room is about 12m.

The width is about 7m. The height is about 5m.

So the volume of the room is about 420m3.

(f) door

(g) room

(h) drawer (in table)

(i) eraser./') :7

0> box '-L. -

'table top 1 It

ss

4 'Add, subtract, multiply, divide.'

Alan is helping Ron with his calculator.

18 Repeat: A: Please add 15'.15 and 30.1 B: 15.15 plus 30.1 is 45.25

A: Subtract that from 90

B: 90 minus 45.25 is 44.75

]9 Read out these sums. Give the 8nsw.ers:

Example: (a) 13.3 phis 60.17 is 73.3 (a) 13.13+60.17 =? _ (e) 16.55-14

(b) 40.02- 20.02 =? (f) 20.08 x 3

(c) 18.18+9 =? (g) 15+3

(d) 70 x 4 =? (h) 14.14+ 3.03

A: Now multiply 44.75 by 2 B: 44.75 times 2 is 89.5

A: And divide that by 5

B: 89.5 divided by 5 is 17.9

=? (i) 7017-4004 =?
=? (j) 16+2.125 =?
=? (k) 5+2.5 =?
=? (I) 13.3 x 3 =? 20 Read out these problems. Solve tbem:

Example: (a) 98.4x 5=492 492+ 12=41

(a) Multiply 98:4 by 5 and divide the answer by 12

(b) Add 33.5 to 26.35 and subtract 45.8 from the answer (c) Divide 40.5 by 5, and multiply' the answer by 8

(d) Add 235.08 to 51. 73, and subtract the answer from 326.2

(e) Subtract 54.93 from 85.01. Add 2.27. Subtract the answer from 61.9 56

21 How do we calculate these? Make instructions:

Example: (a) I Multiply 0.5 by 1.5

2 . Now multiply 0.75 by 1

3 The volume of the box is 0.75m3

(0.5 x 1.5 = O. 75) (0.75 x 1 = 0.75)

(a) 0.5m

volume e ? volume e Zl m ' Height of

BC=? house=?

22 Solve this problem: How thick is the frame?

Read out your calculations:

Example: (a) 1 58 x - _

2 184- = _

3

4 The thickness of the frame is _. mm.

frame

-I

1-

Unit seven

1 What do you know?


(a) ~

(b)

(c)

~

(d) .l

belt / tank / bin , pedal {lever

2 Match the pidureswfth the sentences:

(a) (d) m

== -Jt::.

(b)

(e)

- ~

3 What are these acdons?

(a)

58

(e)

(f)

(c)

(eli]

The tank is
empty.
2 The rope is
tight.
3 The door is
closed.
4 The door is
open.
S The rope is
loose.
6 The tank is
full. (e)

to loosen / to open / to empty / to tighten / to close / to fill

4 What are these actions? (a)

(b)

to saw / to pull / to press / to hammer l. to push / to chisel

5 Complete this:

a) \ I , I

, ,

_"!:

~ ..

, ..

- .

b) i

e)iS

d)~

?

OFF

?

DOWN

6 What are these actions?

(d)

to switch off / to pick up / to put down / to switch on

59

2 'Press that pedal.'

Kamal is showing Alan how to drive the car.

7 Repeat: A: Press that pedal.

\ 8 What are Kamal, Alan and Ron saying?

Examples: (a) Press the pedal.

(d) Pick the hammer ·up.

a) Press the pedal.

b) _

c)

(b)

60

d) Pick the

hammer up.

e)

f)

g) h)_---i)

(g) )

~

9 Study this:

(j)

10 Match these sent~nces in the same way:

Example: (a) - (5): RON: The tank is empty.

ALAN: Please fill it.

(a). The tank is empty. (I) Please loosen it.

(b) The door is open. (2) Please open them.

(c) The belt is tight. (3) Please empty it.

(d) The windows are closed. (4) Please pick it up.

(e) The screws are loose. (5) Please fill it.

(I) The bin is full. _( 6) Please open it.

(g) The bottles are empty. (7) Please. tighten them.

(h): The light is on. (8) Please switch it otT.

(i) The saw is on the floor. (9) Please close it.

(j) The box is closed. (10) Please fill them.

61

3 'Bring me the hammer.'

Ron is repairing a cabinet.

Alan, please give me the pliers.

11 Repeat: (a) Please bring me the hammer.

(b) Could you give me the pliers please.

12 Ask (or objects in the classroom. Use 'BRING' and 'GIVE':

Example: (a) A: Could you give me the pen, please?

B: Here you are. A: Thanks.

(d) ruler

(e) setsquare (f) book

(a) pen (b) pencil (c) eraser

(g) bag (h) chair (i) box

62

13 What is Ron saying?

Example: 1 Please give me the nails, Alan.

2 Could you bring me the ruler, please, Kamal?

'4 'Don't touch it!'

~

14 Repeat: A: Don't touch it! It's live!

15 Match the pictures, the warnings and the reasons:

Example: Picture 1 - (4) - (f): Don't touch the wire. It's live.

3

63

WARNING

REASON

(1) Don't switch the lamp on. (2) Don't saw that wood.

(3) Don't hammer that nail. (4) Don't touch the wire.

(5) Don't pull' these goggles on. (6) Don't pull that board.

(a) They're broken. (b) There's a nail in it.

( c) There are bricks on it. (d) There's no bulb in it. (e) It's bent.

(0 It's live.

16 Match the instructions with the numbers in the picture.

Example: (a) Don't smoke here - picture 5 ~~

(a) Don't smoke here. ,

(b) Put that down. ~ _,.,... . ....

(c) Put these on. .- ____

(d) Pick these up. ---- ~~ 0

(e) Switch it on. ~ j

(0 Take that off.' .-Jt~_- • ..Aj

(g) Push that in. (h) Pull that down.

NOTE:

put the helmet on

64

take the helmet off

U nit eight l

1 What do you know?

1 Match the pictures with the sentences:

~(d)Q

(b)

(c)

~rag

• • 0

1 The car is shiny. 2 The water is hot. 3 The file is coarse. 4 The car is dull.

S The pipe is bent.

(g) ,\ I ' • l • I I I ;'

o-~:

(e)

«(f

6 The rag is wet.

7 The water is cold. 8 The rag is dry.

9 The file isfine.

10 The pipe is straight.

Match the sentences with. the numbers in the picture: (a) The switch is below the window. (b) The switch is to the left of the window.

(c) The switch is above the window. (d) The switch is to the right of the window.

J What are these ,actions called?

(a~ (b~

to turn / to cut

4 What are theSe colours called in your language?

(a) black (c) red (e) blue

(b) white (d) green (0 yellow

3 30K. 334

(g) brown (h) grey

6S

2 'Which one?'

The large one.

5 Repeat: A: Please give me the spanner.

B: Which one'!

A: The large one.

6 What does 'o.NE' mean here?

(a) A: Please give me (b) A: Please bring me

the spanner. the bottle.

R: Which ONE! 8: Which ONE!

A: The large ONE. A: The empty ONE.

(c) A: Please use the knife.

8: Which ONE! A: The long ONE.


Example: (a) A: Could you press the pedal, please? or Please press the pedal.

B: Which one?

A: The large one.

66

8 Match the sentences with the numbers in the pictures.

Example: (a) I need the short clean spanner - number 3.

(a) I need the short clean spanner. Could you give it to me, please? (b) Switch on the machine. Press the small .\''IU£lI'(' button.

(c) Please use the wide coarsefile for this job.

(d) Use the water from the tank. The large hot one.

(e) Could you clean the car, please? Use the large lI'('t rag.

(0 Please push the plug into the socket. The large square one. (g) Could you give me the long bent pipe, please'?

(h) Push that lever. The short white one.

(i) Dry the window. Use the large dry rag. (j) Pull the long white lever.

(k) Please repair the short broken pipe. ,

(1) I want to clean that spanner. The short dirty one. (m) Please empty the small hot tank. ' (n) Could you press the large round button. please? (0) To finish the job, use thefile. The widefine one.

(p) Take the plug out and put it into the small square socket. (q) The FAST/SLOW button is the large square one.

(r) The large round socket has 240 volts.

(s) Put the small dry rag into the water.

(t) The stop button is the small round one.

3*

67

3 'The one at the top.'

Alan is repairing the lights.

I Now press the switch I at the top.

9 Repeat: A: Press the switch.

B: Which one?

A: The. one at the bottom.

Now press the switch at the top.

10 Study this: r----------------,

AT THE TOP

ON THE LEFT

ON THE RIGHT

AT THE BOTTOM

11 Match the words with the numbers:

IMPORTANT Look again at

page 51, Exercise 2.

Example: (a) on the left - picture 4 CJwall
(a) on the left of the (e) on the right of the 2
wall wall
(b) at the top of the (f) to the right of the 3
wall window
(c) above the window (g) at the bottom of 5
(d) to the left of the wall 81886
the window (h) below the window 7
68 12 Match the sentences with the numbers in the pictures:

Example: (a) Please press the switch to the right of the window ~ number 4

(a) [!]l (c) 7
0
[!] IPFI/m 8 m m to
m
2 DO 4 9
[!] ~ll (e)
3
(b) (d) ~
s e 6
@.~. ~ 15
\~2 (a) There's no light in here. Please press the switch to the right of the window.

(b) Please pull the lever below the wheel.

(c) Could you press the ON button, please. That's the button on the

right.

(d) . Turn the knob to the left of the dial.

(e) Could you press the switch above the window, please. (f) Use the socket at the bottom. It has 110 volts.

(g) Press the button at the top.

(h) Use the socket on the left.

(i) Could you now turn the knob to the right of the dial, please. U) Now pull the lever above the wheel:

(k) Press the switch to the left of the window.

(I) Now please put the plug into the socket on the right. (rn) Please use the socket at the top of the walt.

(n) Now press the OFF button. That's the button on the left. (0) And now press the button at the bottom.

(p) Please press the switch below the window.

13 Make dialogues:

Example: A: Please press the switch.

B: Which one?

A: The one to the right of the window.

69

4 'The one with the long handle.'

Give me the

one with the long handle. please.

c

,.~

<.: '"'.

14 Repeat: A: Give me the- one with the long handle, please.

IS Study this:

~ ~ ~
The screwdriver The screwdriver The screwdriver
with the long with the round without the
handle. handle. handle: 16 Complete these:

Example: (a) Use the knife with the short handle.

(a) ~ (b) ~

(c) ~

(d) I

10001 ~

70

Use _

handle.

Giveme _

blades.

FiII _

pipe,

Use _

___ holes.

(e) 11 Please pull head.

(g) ~ Please bring me

, «handle.

(h) ffi ~ Please repair ~_Iegs.

17 Make dialogues:

Example: (a) A: Please give me the knife.

B: Which one?

A: The one with the short handle.

18 Describe these objects:

Examples: (a) I The short black lever with the square head.

(b) I The short narrow file without the handle.

19 Complete these passages.

Example: (a) There are two hammers on the wall. One has a long handle and the other has a short one. Please give me the one with the long . handle.

(a) There are two hammers on the wall. One a long handle and the

other a short one. Please give me the one the long

handle.

(b) There two boxes under the table. One a lid and the

other no lid. Could you bring me without

___ lid, please.

(c) There two scissors on the shelf. One

___ short blades and long blades. I

need the short blades.

(d) There four pliers on the toolboard. Two

___ plastic handles, and the rubber handles.

Please bring me the rubber handles.

(e) four levers on the machine. One short and

white and a square head. One long and black and

___ a round head. The other two short and white and

___ round heads. Please push short white _

___ round heads.

71

'U,'nit

•

rune

1 What do you know?

I What are these materials called?

(d)

(e)

--~

~=-3

... ~J..I=-

.....

c::::

wood plastic glass rubber metal

2 What are these metals called in your language?

(a) steel (b) iron (c) copper

72

.... ~

__ --. &,

_.,~ .

~film

J8El

~'. ~ .. :.

l\ 2 'What's it made of?'

~'

Alan, what's this wire made of?

3 Repeat: A: Alan, what's this wire made of? , B: It's made of copper and plastic.

1\

4 Study this: r----------------C----~---. -: 0---'

~~ .... ~--

This ruler

is made of

wood

..

rubber

These tyres

are made of


Example: (a) A: What's this setsquare made of?

B: It's made of plastic.

(a)

plastic

(c)

(f)

rubber

73

6 Study this:'

'Wires are normally made of copper.'

This means that most ( = more than 50%) wires are made of copper.

7 Ask and 'answer:

Example: (a) A: What are wires made of?

B: They're normally made of copper and, plastic.

(Note: if you disagree with B, say: 'I think ... '

Example: / think they're normally made of copper and rubber.)

(a) wires (f) bridges

(b) chisels (g) bottles

(c) tyres (h) files

(d) rulers (i) pipes

(e) glasses G) vices

8 What are these objects?

(a) This tool is normally made of plastic and steel. It has a handle and a

blade.

(b) This object is made of copper. It is long and thin.

(c) This object is normally rectangular. It is made of glass. (d) This object is normally made of plastic. It is triangular. (e) This object is· circular and is made of rubber and steel.

(f) This tool is normally made of wood and steel.' It has a handle and a head.

O1oose the objects from this Dst:

setsquare / knife.! window / hammer / pipe / tyre / scissors 74

3 'Use a wooden one:

Alan is cooking.

Don't use the metal spoon. Use the wooden

9 Repeat: A: Don't use the metal spoon. Use the wooden one.

19 Study this:

This spoon is made of metal. -+ This is a metal spoon.

BUT:

This spoon is made of wood. -+ This is a wooden spoon.

11 Cbange these sentejlces:

Example: (a) This spoon is made of metal.

(b) This is a wooden ruler. (a) This is a metal spoon.

(b) This ruler is made of wood. (c) This is a steel bridge.

(d) This pipe is made of copper. (e) This is a glass bottle.

(0 This handle is made of rubber. , (g) This is a plastic setsquare.

(h) This vice is made of iron.

75

12 Make sentences:

Examples:

(a) SPOON - metal x Don't use the metal spoon. Use the wooden one.

wood .!

(b) GOGGLES - glass x Don't use the glass goggles. Usethe plastic ones. plastic .!

13 Are these true (f) or false (F)? Correct the false ones:

(a)~ A

mela~ PlaSlieU

(b) ~' •• ~= .. _~

6 ' 'T,itC':n-"J .. )

steel

(c) ~ 0

glasD plastic ~

(d) e....· .. ··.><:··'···h'hd

copper

\

(a) SPOON - metal x

wood .!

(b) GOGGLES - glass x plastic / ( c) BIN -. metal x plastic /

(d) RULER - wood x steel .!

( e) BOTTLE - glass x plastic .J

@.' .. _ _... ._- ---- J

(e)w i/:;f

(f)~ PlaSI:i:f

rubber plastic

76

(1) PIPE - copper x plastic .!

(g) PLUG - rubber x plastic .!

(h) SCISSORS - plastic x metal .!

(i) TANK - metal x plastic v/

(j) NAILS - iron x

steel .!

Example: (a) -- TRUE. The bin on the left is made of metal and the one on the

right is made of plastic. Use the plastic

\

one.

,

(b) The ruler at the top is made of wood and the' one at the bottom is made of

steel. Use the wooden one.

(c) The bottle on the left is made of glass and the one on the right is made' of plastic. Use the glass one.

(d) The pipe at the top is made of copper' and the one at the bottom is made of plastic. Use the plastic one.

(e) The goggles on the left are made of plastic and the ones on the right are made of glass. Use the plastic ones.

(f) The plug on the left is made of plastic and the one on the right is made of rubber. Use the plastic one.

4 'The handle of the hammer.'

The handle of this hammer is made of steel.

14 Repeat: A: The handle of this hammer is made of steel.

15 Make sentences:

Examples: (a) The teeth of this wheel are made of steel.

(d) The handle of this hammer -is made of wood and the head

is made of steel.

wheel (a) WHEEL' (d) HAMMER

teeth teeth - steel handle - wood

(made of (b) CHAIR head - steel

steel)

arms - metal

(c) LADDER rungs - steel

(e) KNIFE

handle - plastic blade - steel

(g) DOOR

handle - plastic

(h) SWITCH

cover - plastic

(i) PEN

point - steel

(0 CHISEL

handle - wood blade - steel

16 Read these sentences and make tables like the ones above.

Example: (a) TANK

sides - steel cover - plastic

(a) The sides of this tank are made of steel and the cover is made of plastic. (b) The walls of this house .are made of brick and plaster and the roof is

made of concrete.

(c) The blades of this fan are made of plastic and the guard is made of steel. (d) The sides of this box are made of wood and the lid is made of steel.

(e) The blades of this knife are made of steel and the handle is made of

plastic.

77

17 Copy this diagram into your notebook and complete the labels:

"~: "":-i:',~;,:;~';:);-,\;::{-~r:;:->?'-;~·}i'·~·:'· ,.,.::::;;--y~--- (--)

o o o o o o e CI •

_(_)

___,p ...... ipe=--_ ( (copper) )

0-(-")

This tank has two pipes and a cover. The tank is qf made of plastic. The cover is made of wood. The

pipe at the top is made of plastic. The pipe at .

the bottom is made of copper. sides

J

18 Copy this diagram into, your notebook. Complete the labels.

Make a description:

( (steel) )

(- (copper) ) Begin: 'This tank has . . .'

( (pla.'Itic) )

U nit ten

1 What do you know?

1 What are these materials caned?

(i) .~,~?~ {3) ~~

X,:·· ~ .. , ~.~, .> ),~,. ~ ..La' ''""'' 4G~~?0

5 ~ "'~~Pi; ~~

oil / paper / water / paint / sand / cement / concrete / gravel/stone /

petrol '


(a)

tin / sack / tile / bucket / brick

3 What are these actfont'

\ •• , I

(d) ~~ ~'~. _/

~J) ., ....

to break / to bend / to send / to burn / to scratch

79

4 Read these out:

(a) lkg (d) 3.5kg

(b) 20kg (e) 131

(c) 51 (f) 30kg

(g) 1.051 (h) 171 (i) 70kg

5 Write these in numberS and letters Example: (a) nineteen kilos - 19k9

(a) nineteen kilos (f) eighteen square

(b) seventy litres metres

(c) fifteen cubic metres (g) one millimetre

(d) eighty square (h) ninety metres

millimetres (i) a kilo

(e) thirteen kilometres G) thirty litres

2 'How much gr'avel? How many bricks?'

Ron is buying some materials from a shop.

me some bricks.

6' Repeat: A: Please send me some bricks.

B: How many? A: About 500.

Please send me some gravel.

B: How much?'

A: About 30 kilos.

80

7 Study this:

a pane of glass

a plank of wood

3 kilos

2 litres of oil

8 Make phrases:

Example: (a) a. bucket of gravel OR a sack of gravel

OR 10 kilos of gravel.

(e) paint (i) oil

(f) glass U) water

(g) paper

(h) cement

(a) gravel (b) wood (c) sand (d) steel

Use these words: sheet /sack / pane / bucket / tin / plank / kilo / litre

9 Make dialogues:

Examples: (a) A: Please send me some bricks.

B: How many? A: About 500.

(b) A: Please send me some sand.

B:. How much?

A: A bout 30 kilos.

(a) bricks about 500.

(b) sand about 30kg.

(c) gravel about 4Okg.

(d) paper . . . 400 sheets.

(e) long nails ... 4 packets:

(f) cement ... 2 sacks. (g) wood .. " 20 planks. (h) glass . . . 4 panes.

(i) red paint ... S tins. (j) oil. . . 10/.

81

10 Answer these questions:

CONCRETE

gravel 43%

To make 1m3 of concrete,

(a) How much cement do you use? (b) How much gravel do you use? (c) How much sand do you use?

You have I sack of cement -

(d) How many sacks of sand do you add? (e) How many sacks of gravel do you

add?

.3 'It's rigid. You can't bend it.'

11 Repeat: A: This plastic is flexible.

You can bend it.

But th~ plastic is rigid. You can't bend it.

82

II Study this:

I I I I I I I I

1 !;~5--to

This material This material

is bini ~ is tough:

8 B·t~

This material This material

is soft is brittle

This material is combustible

This material is rigid

This material is non-c:ombustlble

13 Make sentences about the pictures In Exerclse 11:

Example: (a) This material is hard. You cannot cut it.

14 Name at least three materials for each sentence:

Example: (a) Paper, wood and oil.

15 Answer these questions and give reasons.

\

Examples: (a) No, you can't. Glass is a hard material.

(d) Yes, you can. Rubber is a flexible material.

(a) Can you scratch a pane of glass easily? (b) Can you break steel easily? '

(c) Can you bend a plank of wood easily? (d) Can you bend a rubber tyre easily?

(e) Can you burn a stone block easily?

(0 Can you break a, pane of glass easily? (g) Can you bend a concrete beam easily? (h) Can you scratch a plank of wood with a knife easily? (i) Can you burn a sheet of paper easily?

m Can you bend iron easily?

(a) You can burn it. (b) It is brittle.

(c) You cannot scratch it easily. (d) I t is very tough.

(e) It is non-combustible. (0 You can bend it easily. (g) It is very hard.

(h) It is rigid.

~ ~~

block

(made of stone)

beam (made of concrete)

83

4 'Why ts it made of plastic?'

Because

plastic is a tough material.

16 Repean A: Why are these made of plastic?

B: Because plastic is a tough material.

17 Copy this table into your notebook and complete it:

a light stone

84

OBJECT MATERIAL PROPERTY
(a) bridge steel. tough
,
(b) tyre flexible

(c) vice iron heavy
-
(d) goggles

(e) building concrete

(0 file I tough
2

(g) helmet I light
2 '

(h) match

(i) eraser

U) plastic tough
-
(k) bulb glass
18 Make questions and answers from the table:

Example: (a) A: Why are bridges made of steel?

B: Because steel is a tough material.

You can't break it easily.

19 Answer these questio~s:

Example: (a) Because rubber is a flexible material.

You can bend it easily.

(a) Why are bridges not made of rubber? (b) Why are goggles not made of glass? (c) Why are tyres not made of iron?

(d) Why are vices not made of plastic?

(e) Why are buildings not made of paper? (f) Why are files not made of rubber?

(g) Why are helmets not made of glass? (h) Why are matches not made of stone?

20 Make descriptions:

Example: (a) The rungs of this ladder are made of steel, because steel is a tough material.

(c)

I roof (concrete) (f)

handle (steel)

Revision unit

500mm

1 Complete the labels:

Example: I fan

2 Answer these questions: ~

Example: (a) They're called bases.

(a) What are these called? .0 " ~"..

(b) How high is the fan? ..... _

(c) How wide is the base of the fan?

(d) What shape is the plug?

86

(e) What shape is the socket?

. (0 What shape is the base?

(g) What is the length of the wire?

(h) How many buttons does the fan have? (i) How many blades does the fan have?

(j) Where is the ON/OFF button? (Answer: 'left')

(k) Where is the FAST/SLOW button? (Answer: 'right') (I) What are the blades made of?

(rn} What is the base made of?

(n) Is the plug in the socket?

(0) Why are the blades made of steel?

3 Complete this:

Example: 'In this diagram, there is a fan ....

In this diagram, a fan. The fan three blades

and a guard. The blades steel. There

___ two buttons on base fan. The

button on the is the ON/OFF button, and the one _

______ is the FAST/SLOW button. The fan a wire

and a plug. socket on wall. The

plug is the socket.

. .

4 Make a similar description of this diagram:

Begin: 'In this diagram, there is a fan. The

fan has _

87

5 Make questions about the diagram in Exercise 4:
Example: (a) How high is the fan?
(a) ? It's a.8in high.
(b) - . ? It's about 2.5m long.
(c) ? It's circular.
(d) ? They're made of plastic ..
(e) ? It's above the FAST/SLOW button.
(f) ? Because plastic is a tough material.
(g) ? It;s below the ON/OFF button.
(h) ? They're called blades.
(i) ? It's O.3m wide.
(j) ---? It has two.
(k) ? They're square.
(1) ? It has four.
(m) ? It's in the socket. 6 Put these instructions into the best sequence:

- open the guard of the fan

- switch the fan on

- tighten the screw behind the fan blades

- caution: do not touch the blades of the fan

- switch the fan off

- put the plug into the socket

- pull the plug out

- close-the guard of the fan

88

7 Match the warnings with the numbers in the picture:

Example: (a) Be careful! There's some water under the· wire - number 6 (a) Be careful! There's some water under the wire.

(b) Don't run here!

(c) Look outl There's some oil on the floor. (d) Don't touch the blades!

(e) Be careful! The guard is open. Close it. (1) Tighten those screws. They're loose.

8 Make more warnings:

Example: 7 Stop! There's a knife on the shelf!

METO.zurcmCKHE YKA3AHID1 ~JUI nPEnO~ABATEJUI (1)

BBe.lleHHe

1. 3A,D,AtIH OSY'lEHHJl

, HacTOJI~ee )"fe6Hoe nOCo()He «English for Technical Students 1» npe,llHa3Ha'ieHO JlJ1J1 )"f~HXCJI CpeJlHHX Cne~HaJIbHblX )"fe6Hblx 3&BeJleHHR, HMelO~HX 3JleMeH11lpHble HasblKH BJI8JleHHJI aHrJIHRcKHM Jl3b1KOM. Ero MODO HCnOJlb30saTb B paC50Te C TeMH )"f~HMHCJI, KOTOpble paasnre He H3)"faJIH aHrJIHRcKoro Jl3b1JCa HJIH nO'ITH nOJlHOCTblO YTPaTHJIH nOJl)"feHHble paaee HasblKH. Ha3Ha'leHHe )(HHI'H - nOMO'Ib )"fa~HMCJI TeXHH'IeCKHX )"fHJIH~ H3)"fHTb OCHOBbI aHrJIHRcKOro Jl3bIJCa, Heo()xOJlHMble HM JlJ1J1 nocneJlYIO~eR pa60TbI no Bbl6paHHOR cn~UHanbHOCTH. ,llmi BblnOJlHeHHJI ynpa>KHeHHR noco()HJI He HY*HO npeJlsapHTeJIbHOro H3)"feHHJI rpaMMaTHKH Jl3b1JCa. O5y'IeHHe C1'pOHTCJI aa OTpa6oTKe' ~~TenbHO O1'06PaH'HblX Bblpuc.eHHR, ycBOHB soropsre, )"fa~HeCJI CMOryr o()~aTbCJI xa aHrJIHRcKOM Jl3b1Ke B npeaenax ressaTHKH, KOTOpaJJ He0t5xOJlHMa H HHTepeCHa'JlJ1J1 HHX C TO'IKH 3peHHJI HX 6YJlYIUeR npo-

4>eCCHOHaJIbHOR JleJlTeJIbHOCTH. '

War 38 uraross )(HHra nOJlBOJlHT )"fa~erocJl K TOMy MOMeHTY, xorna OH Ha'lHHae-r CB060JlHOnOJlb3OsaTbCJI aHrJIHRcKHM Jl3b1KOM JCaK CpeJlCTBOM o()~eHHJI B CHT)'&UHJlX, THnH'IHblX JlJ1J1 ero nocneJlYIO~eR npoq,eCCHOHaJIbHOR JleJiTenbHOCTH. Ilocne BbInOJlHeHHJI acex ynpa>KHeHHR B -3TOR )(HHre )"fa~HRcJl CMO>KeT aYJlHposaTb (nOHHMaTb aa CJIYX) H caM COCTaBJIJlTb HeCJIO>KHble onHCaHHJI npeJlMeTOB, HHCTpYMeHTOB H MexaHH3MOB. OH T8Y.>Ke Ha)"fHTCJI Jlo()HBaTbCJI OT Co()eCCJlHHKa COCTaBJIeHHJI aHaJIOrH'IHblX OnHCaHHR, 3a,11aBaJ1 eMY JlJ1J1 3TOro COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHe BOnpoc,bI. 3TH onacaHHJI H sonpocsr nOKpblsalOT CJIeJlYIO~HR xpyr TeM:

- HJleHTH<I>HKaUHJI H Ha3blsaHHe npeJlMeTOB: What's this Called? - It's called a wheel.KaK smo Ha3WSQemCJI? -3mo Ha3Wl4aemCR "a wheel".

- 0603Ha'leHHe KOJIH'IeCTBa H paassepoe. The shelf is 1 m long, 250 mm wide and 5 mm thick.,l(AuHa llOAKU 1 M, uiupuna -250 AUf, nlOAlt(UHa -5 .MM.

- onacanae q,oPMbl rrpensseroa; What shape is it? - It's triangular. KaKou tjJoPMbl npeoMem? - TpeyZOAbHOU.

- yro'lHeHHe H passacaeaae. Which spanner? - The long one. KaKOU ZaealHWU 1CA1O'I? -,l(AUHHblU.

- YK838HHe MecrononO>KeHHJI: Where's the saw? - It's in the box. roe 1tUAD?-B .RU4UICe.

- onpeaeneaae MaTepHaJIa H HCTO'IHHK8: What's it made of? - It's made of steel. , H3 'Iezo 3mo COeJIaHO? -3m0 COeJIQHO U3 cmaAU.

- onacaaae CBORcTB MaTepHaJIOB: Steel is a tough material. Cmas» - msepoblu MamepUaA.

90

- OnHCaHHe nOBpe)f(,IleHHA: What's wrong with the car? - The tyre is flat. Hmo C/lY-

'IUAOeb . e .MaruuHoi"i? - CeAa rullHa. .

- HCnpaBJIeHHe OWH60K: 19? - No, 9O.19? =Hem, 90.

Y'Ia~HACJI CMO)l(eT aY~HpOBaTb H caM COCTaBJIRTb npocTbleHHCTpYKU;HH (aanp.:

Push that lever. Switch on the light. Haxcuu na smom pW'Iaz. BKAIO'IU ceem .), rrpe~ynpe)f(,IleHHR (Don't touch that. He mpozaiU) H }'K83bIBa'l'b H nOHHMaTb npH'IHHbl, Bbl3b1BaIO~He He06xo~HMocTb B 3THX HHCTPYKU;HRX H npe~ynpe)f(,IleHHRX (Don't run. There's oil on the floor. He 6ez4u. Ha "OAY .MaCAo.). B KHHre 1 HeT crpororo pasrpaHH'IeHHR Me)f(,IlY Cpe~CTBaMH BblpaJKeHHR, xapaKTepHblMH AJ1R YCTHOA H nHCbMeHHoA pexa,

2, COllEI?KAHJ.fE OBY'lEHJ.fR

.sI3b1KOBOA MaTepHan, aa KOTOPOM nocrpoeao 06Y'1eHHe B 3TOA KHHre, BK1IIO'IaeT 06~eynOTpe6HrenbHYJO neKCHKY H rpaMMaTHKY, oT06paHHYJO C Y'leTOM HHrepeCOB H nOTpe6HOCTeA Y'la~HXCR TeXHH'IeCKHX Y'lHnH~, Y3KocneU;HanbHCUI TepMHHo.1IOI'HR B KaKoA-nH60 reXHH'IeCKOA 06naCTH He BK1IIO'IanaCb, O~HaKO cnosaps OT06paH rmarensao H MO,)I(eT 6b1Tb acrronssoaaa Y'la~HMHCR reXHHKYMOB H rrpopeccacaansaoreXHH'IeCKHX Y'lHnH~ mo6oA cneU;HanbHOCTH. OcHOBHoA R3blKOBOA MaTepHan BBO~HTCR B CHTYaU;HRX, B KOTOPblX ~eAcTBYIOT YpH MonO~blX xenosexa, cneuaanaaapyio~HeCR B 3neKTpOTeXHHKe, peMOHTe aBTOM06HneA H CTPOHTenbCTBe. 31'0 n03BonReT HarnR~HO rroxasars, KaKHM oQpa30M R3blJ( acnonssyerca B npO<t>eCCHOHanbHoA nearenbHOCTH, K KOTOpoA roTOBRT ce6R Y'la~HeCR. HMeHHO B 3TOM CMblcne nocoeae opHeHTHpOBaHO aa Y'laIUHXCR reXHH'IeCKHX cneuaansaocrea, O~HaKO 3TH caryauaa O'leHb npocrsr H lie 3aTpaI'HBaIOT cneU;H4>H'IeCKHX ~nR KaKoA-JtH60 npoeeccaa BH~OB ~eRTenbHOCTH. Hanpassep, O~HH H3 nepcoaaxea 'IHHHT asncnosarens B ~oMe, ~PYroA 3aMeHReT cnycTHBwYJO WHHY B aBTOM06Hne, TpeTHA peuonrapyer ~BePb.

Ilperronasaremo, nonb3YJO~eMycR Y'le6Hb1M nocoeaeu, He HY)l(Ha cneuaansaaa reXHH'IecKCUI riO~roTOBK8. B rex ynpaJKHeHHRX, me Tpe6yIOTCR aexoropsre TeXHH'IeCKHe 3HaHHR, BCR He06xoJlHMCUI HHctx>PMalJ,HR npaseneaa B «MeTO~H'IeCKHX yKa3aHHRX AJ1R rrperronasarena».

3. oprAHJ.f3AUJ.fR J.f npOBEllEHJ.fE 3AHRTJ.fA: (a) npozpa.M.Ma KYpea

O~HoA H3 BaJKHeAwHX oco6eHHOCTeA noc06HR RBJIReTCR rutarensaaa opraaasalJ,HR Y'le6Horo MaTepHana. HH)I(e rrepexacneasr ee OCHOBHble npHHU;Hnbl:

- .sI3blKOBOA MaTepHan oroHpancR C Y'leTOM ero none3HOCTH ~nR Y'la~HXCR KaK B nepaon 06Y'1eHHR, TaK H B nocnenyrourea pa60Te. 31'0 3Ha'lH'T, 'ITO, XOTR R3blK KHHrH HecnO)l(eH, OH oxeas THnH'IeH ~nR onacsrsaesesx cHryaU;HA B peanbHoA )l(H3HH H AJ1R TeXHH'IeCKHX noc06HA no COOTBeTCTBYIO~HM cneU;HanbHOCTRM.

- Oroepaaasre R3blKOBbie e~HHHU;bl (cnoaa, CnOBOCO'leTaHHR, rpaMMaTH'IeCKHe .

KOHCYpYKU;HH) BBO~RTCJI B crporo nOI'H'IecKoA nOCJie~OBaTenbHOCTH: OT aeasaecraoro K H3BeCTHOMY, OT npocroro K cnO)I(HOMY, 6naro~apR 'Ie My 06eCne'lHBaeTCR aKTHBHoe BJIcmeHHe R3b1KOM. TaK, CKaJKeM, npennoxeaae rana The pipe is long Tpy6a aAltHHaJl npennrecrayer 60nee cnO)I(HOMY npeanoxeamo The pipe is 10 metres 101g ,l(AllHa mpy6w 10.M.

- BBO~HMblA R3blKOBOA MarepHan CBR3aH C cHryaU;HRMH. B KOTOPblX Y'la~HAcR CMO)l(eT ero npaKTH'IeCKH npHMeHRTb (4)YHKU;HoHanbHbIA nonxon). Hanpaxep, ~O- 91

aonsao paao (Y)Ke B DnOKe 3) o6opOT There is/are ••. HMeemcR, ecmb, naxodumcs ... BBO,nHTCH BMeCTe C Bblpa)KeHHHMH MeCTOnOJIO)KeHHH (c npeanorasia) H Bblpa)KeHHHMH rana Look out! Bepeeucsi (OemOpO:>ICHo!). 1.JTO n03BOnHeT Y1.fall.\eMYCH CTpoHTb npenynpessnaientae BblCKa3blBaHHH rana Look outl There are nails on the floor.OemoPO:>ICHO! Ha nOAY Z8030u. Taxoro poaa coenaaeaae 4>oPMbI H q:,YUKl\HH xapaxrepno ,nnH scero noc06HH.

(6) Pacxod 8pe.MeHU

KHHra nocrpoeaa no npaanany, 1.JTO «rroaesraory H 1.JaCTO» - 3TO nY1.fIIlHH cnoc06 opraaasauaa 3aHHJ"HH ,nnH Ha1.JHHaIOIl.\HX. "HTepec Y1.faIl.\HXCH K 3aH~THHM 6b1CTPO ocnaeesaer, H 3HaHHH CTaHOBHTCH Henp01.JHbIMH, -ecna Ka)K,nblH YPOK conepsorr cnHIIlKOM MHOro H3b1KOBOro MaTepHana HnH npaKTH1.JeCKHX 3a,naHHH. KHHra COCTOHT H3 10 6nOKoB, l<IDK,IlblH H3 KOTOPblX conepxcrr 4 pasnena. B KOH~e KHHm HMeeTCH nononaarensasra 6nOK aa nOBTOpeHHe npoaneaaoro MaTepHana. KIDK,nblH paanen npencraanaer co6oA YPOK, MarepHan KOTOPOro conepsorr 0,nHYH3bIKOByIO Tpy,nHOCTb, no,nneJlalll.\yIO YCBOeHHIO. TaKHM 06pa30M, KHHra conepsorr; 40 KOpOTKHX 3<j$eKTHBHblX YPOKOB, aa l<IDK,IlblH H3 xoropsrx TpaTHTcH B cpenaesr 45 MHHYT (y,nepjKHBaTb BHHMaHHe Y1.faIl.\JlXCH B Te1.JeHHe 60nee npononxareasaoro nepaoaa BpeMeHH 6blno 6b1 cnoxao). Pa3yMeeTCH, npononxarensaocrs ypoxa MO)KeT 6b1Tb ysemrseaa, no ycMOTpeHHIO npenonasarena, no oanoro xaca HnH 6onbUle. Ha Ka)K,IlOM ypoxe pesoMeH,nyeTcH H3Y1.faTb MarepHan TOJIbKO onaoro paanena, HO ecna pacnacaaae Y1.fe6HOro 3aBe,neHHH npennonaraer c,nBOeHHble 3aHHTHH, TO aa Ka)K,nOM 3aHHTHH H3Y1.faeTCH MarepHan ,nByX paanenoa, )KenarenbHO C He60nblIlHM nepepsrscsr.

4. METO,nHKA 05YllEHHR

.o;pyraH Ba)KHaH OCo6eHHOCTb aacroauiero noc06HH - em MeTO,nH1.JeCKaH OCHOBa.

BOT OCHOBHble ee xapaKTepJlCTJlKJI:

- Ka)K,IlaH H3b1KOBaH e,nJlHJI~a Y1.fe6HJlKa Boo,nHTCH B BJl3yanbHoM KOHreKCTe, nenaIOll.\eM nOHHTHbIM ee 3Ha1.JeHHe H HCKnI01.JaIOll.\eM. He06xo,nHMocTb 06pall.\eHHH K PO,nHOMY H3bIKY Y1.faIl.\HXCH. 3ro OOBCe He 03Ha1.JaeT,1.JTO MbI He peKOMeH,nyeM HnH sanpeutaesr nOJIb30BaTbCH po,nHbIM H3bIK0r-t Y1.faIl.\HXCH aa 3aHHTHHX. Haooopor, ponHOMY H3b1KY OTOO,nHTCH 01.JeHb Ba)KHaH pons B MeTO,nHKe 06Y1.feHHH, KaK 6y,neT passacHeHO HH)Ke. Pe1.Jb MeT 0 TOM, 1.JTO eCIIIl npenonasarens npenno-nrraer BOO,nHTb .H3b1- KOOOH MaTepHan, He 06parqaHcb K po,nHOMY H3bIKY Y1.faIl.\HxCH, TO OH MO)KeT nenars 31"0, nOJIb3YHcb HaCTOHIl.\HM nocOOHeM.

- XOTH Ka)K,IlaH Boo,nHMaH H3bIKOBaH enaaaua 06pa6aTblBaeTcH na 6onblIloM KOnH1.JeCTBe ynp3)KHeHJlA, B noc06J1J1 HeT 1.JJlCTO MeXaHH<feCKHX ynpa)KHeHHH, xoropsre Y1.faIl.\HAcH Mor 6bI BbIUOJIHHTb, He 3a.nyMblBaHCb Hem CMblcnOM CooHX BbICKa3blBaHHA. Ka)K,IlaH H3b1KOBaH enaaana nQC06HH JlMeeT snonae onpeneneaaoe xoaxperaoe 3Ha1.JeHHe, KOTOpoe ,non)K80 6bITbo,nH03Ha1.JHO nOHHTO H rrpenonasarenese H Y1.faIl.\HMHCH. O,nH03Ha1.JHOCTb nOHHMaHHH 06eCne1.JHBaeTCH HanH1.JHeM PHCYUKOB JI cxess, JlCKnI01.JaIOIl.\JlM oo3M0)K8OCTb HeT01.JHoro JlnJl aenpasansaoro nOHJlMaHHH.

-.IJ:nH roro 1.JT06bI y.nepJlalTb aarepec Y1.f3ll.\JlXCH, JlcnOnb3yIOTCH ynpa)KHeHHH pa3nH1.JHbIX TJlnOB. CJlCTeMa ynpa)KHeHJlH 06eCne1.JHBaeT ,nOCTaT01.JHyIO npaKTHKY B npaoepereaaa KaK aKTJlBHbIX, TaK JI peuenraaasrx HaBbiKOB BnemeHHH H3b1KOM. CJICTeMa BKJlI01.JaeT vnpaxaeaaa-naanora, ynpIDKHeHHH aa COBMell.\eHHe PHCyHKOB H nonrracea K HHM, aa pa3nH1.JeHHe oePHbIX H aesepasrx BbICKa3blBaHHH, aa nononaeHHe npe,nnO)KeHHH (HnH sanonaeaae nponYCKOB), na cocraanenae npe,nno)KeIlJlA,

92

OnHCbIBaIOIJJ;HX PHCyHKH, H HeKOTOpoe KOJIH"IeCTOO ynpa)I(.HeHHR aa rpaacpopssaI.(HIO. (Borree nonpoeaoe OnHCaHHe THnOB ynpa)K}feHHR CM. aa c.95.)

- B noc06HH npOOO,l{HTCH npHHI.(Hn onepexasoinero pa3BHTHH HaBbIKOB YCTHOR pexa no cpaBHeHHIO C nHCbMeHHbIMH (60JIee "IeTKO BbIpa)KeHHbIR BO BTOpoR KHHre). B noR KHHre YCTHbIe H nHCbMeHHbIe ynpaxaeaasae pa3rpaHH"IHBaIOTCH. Bee sanaHHH K ynpCUKHeHHHM CcpoPMYJIHP0BaHbI TaKHM 06pa30M, 'iTO npenoaasarens, no cooeMY YCMOTpeHHIO, MO)KeT npe,l{JIO)KH~b HX Y"IaIJJ;HMCH B xaxecrse yCTHbIX HJIH nacs-

MeHHbIX. .

5. CfPYKTYPA EJIOKA

,
Pasoen 1
''lmo .MbI y,,;e 3Hae.M?
Ilpoaepxa 3H8HHJI
CnOBapJI

PQ3(}eJl2 Pasoen 3 Pasoen 4
BBeAeHHe BBeAeHHe BBeAeHHe
nepBoH HOBOH BTOPOH HOBOii: rpersea HOBOii:
... Jl3hIKOBOH eAHHHUbI ~ Jl3hIKOBOH eAHHHlJ,hI .. Jl3hIKOBOH eAHHHUbI ~
+ + +
Ilpaxrasecxae Ilpaxraxecxae. Ilpaxraxecxae
ynpIDICHeHHJI ynpa)lQleHHJI ynpIDICHeHHJI KruK,nbIR 6nOK HMeeT TeMY (HJIH HeCKOJIbKO TeM) H TpH OCHOBHbIe H3bIKOBbIe enaHHI.(bI (CJIOBa, CJIOBOCO'ieTaHHH, KOHCTPYKI.(HH, o6opOTbI), xoropsre BBO,l{H:rCH aa MaTepaane TeMbI. Hanpassep, ressa EnOKa 7 «IiHCTPYKI.(HH H ssmonaeaae HX», H B paanenax 2, 3, 4 Y"IaIJJ;HxCH 06Y"1aIOT nOJIQ)KHTeJIbHOR H OTpHI.(aTeJIbHOR cpopMaM nOBeJIHTeJIbHOro HaKJIOHeHHH rnaronoa (cp, Press that pedal Hatxcstu na 3my nedan», Bring me the hammer Ilpuuecu MHe .MOAomOK, Don't touch it He mpozaii (3mo)).

Pa3,l{eJI 1 xaxnoro 6JIOKa CO,l{ep)KHT HOBbIe CJIOBa scex pa3,l{eJIOB 6JIOKa, xoropsre BOO,l{HTCH B sane ynpCUKHeHHH aa nposepxy nOHHMaHHH (06bI'iHO HY)K}fO npaBHJIbHO COOTHeCTH CJIOBa HJIH npeanoxeaas C PHCYHKaMH). EcJIH Y"IalI.(HeCH 3HalOT npaseneaasre CJIOBa, TO nepssra ypox 6JIoKa nOCBHlI.(aeTCH HX noBTOpeHHIO. EcJIH saaxeHHH CJIOB He3HaKOMbI Y"IaIJJ;HMCH, TO OHH BBO,l{HTCH KaK HOBbIe.

B paanenax 2, 3, 4 Ka)K,l{oro 6JIOKa BBO,l{HTCH H 3aKpenJIHIOTCH HOBpIe H3blKOBble e,l{HHHI.(bI 6noKa. B Ka)K,l{OM paanene H3Y"1aeTcH TOJIbKO onaa aosaa H3bIKOBaH e,l{HHHua (CJIOBOCO'ieTaHHe, KOHCTP),KI.(HH, rpasoaaraxecxoe HBJIeHHe).

Bee HOBbIe H3blKOBbIe e,l{HHHI.(bI BBO,l{HTCH B BH3yanbHm.t KOHTeKCTe H 3aKpenJIHIOTCH rryrest BbInOJIH:eHHH npaKTH'ieCKHX ynpaxaeaaa.

PeKOMeH,l{yeTcH CJIe,l{yIOlI.(aH MeTO,l{HKa pa60TbI Ha,l{ M~TepHanOM 6noKa.

6. nJIAHHPOBAHHE YPOKA

Ypo1C 1

1. nOBTOpeHHe pa3,l{eJIOB npensmyurax ypOKOB, HeOOXO,l{HMbIX ,l{JIH YCBOeHHH 80- 93

sore MaTepH8JIa. HanpHMep, npe)l(,tle 'IeM npHCT)'nHTb K H3Y'1eHHIO MaTepH8JIa &n0- K8 6 (OH COlXep*HT BbipUCeHHJlllJIJI onHCaHHJI pa3MepoB npellMeroB rana The length is 1 metre.l1AuHa cocmaBAJlem 1 M), cnenyer nOBropHTb cl>pa3bI C TeM lKe 3HI'IeHHeM H3 &nOJca 2. B ynpllKHeHHJlX HI noaropeaae He HYlKHO CHOBB BbInOJIHJlTb npelKHHe ynpllKHeHHJI. COCTIBbTe caMH HOBbie ynpucHeHHJI, HCnOJIb3YJI nOBropJleMbie Jl3bIKOBbIe eJ:tHHH~bI.

2. PI&na HIUl MITepH8JIOM pa3JleJII 1 «qro MbI YlKe 3HleM?» npoBOllHTCJI CJIellYJOIl.{HM ~pa30M:

(a) Dpe,lt1IO*HTe Y'l1Il.{HMCJI BbInOJIHHTb ynpllKHeHHe nHCbMeHHO. (KaK npaaaJIO, Y'lIIl.{HMCJI HYlKHO acero JIHWb aanacan, HeCKOJIbKO CJIOB.)

(6) YCTHO npoeepsre HX OTBeTbI H BbIJlCHHTe, KlKHe CJIOBB eIl.{e He3HaKOMbl Y'l1-

Il.{HMCJI. '

(B) BBellHTe HeH3BeCTHbIe Y'lIIl.{HMCJI CJIOBB. EcJIH MOlKHO, npHHeCHTe B xnacc pe- 8JI&Hble npeJ:tMeTbi (HanpHMep, HHCTPYMeHTbl) H HI3blsaliTe HX, nOKl3b1B&J1 npellMeTbI. HlnHwHTe enosa HI IlOCKe. B&llleJIHTe HeCKOJIbKO MHHYT HI ypOKe,lt1IJI cassocroJlTeJI&HOro 3IY'lHBaHHJI CJIOB. 3aTeM npeanoxare Y'l1Il.{HMCJI CHOBB BbInOJIHHTb ynpllKHeHHe B TeTpIUlJlX.

(r) lleJI& pa&nbI HIUl nepBbIM PI3JleJIOM 3IMlO'IaeTCJI B TOM, 'I~bI Y'laIl.{HeCJI 3H8JIH 3HI'feHHJI scex CJIOB, npelKlle 'IeM HI'IHeTCJI pa60T8 Hill MITepH8JIOM CJIellYJOIl.{HX pa3JleJIOB.

YpOKU 2-4

1. B6eoeHue H06bIX Jf3bIK06bIX e~"H""

(I) O&:Y)IC,IleHHe cHTYa~HH, H~palKeHHoft aa PHCYHKlX. DpenollasaTeJI& 1l000lKeH ~HT&CJI B TOM, 'fTO Y'l1Il.{HeCJI nOJIHOCT&1O nOHHMalOT 3TY CHTYa~HIO. O&:Y*lleHHe MO)l(eT (H MbI peKOMelmyeM 3TO) HJlTH aa POllHOM Jl3&IKe Y'laIl.{HXCJI, nOCKOJI&KY ero ~eJI& He ~Y'leHHe Jl3bIKy, I 06cY>KlleHHe KOHTeKCTa, B KOTOPOM BBOllJlTCJI H H3Y'1alOTCJI Jl3bIKOB&le ellHHH~bI. Ha 06cYlKlleHHe TpaTHTCJI acero HeCKOJIbKO MHHYT yposa.

(6) BBe~eHHe H nosropeaae npellJIOlKeHHft-~pa3uoB aa PHCYHKlX. >KeJIaTeJI&HO

BeCTH 'Yr'J ·'fICTb YPOKI nO-aHrJIHftcKH, KpoMe nocneaaero nYHKTa. PeKoMeHllY-

eTCJI CJIeJ:tYJOIl.{1JI MerollHKI BBelleHHJI MaTepH8JIa:

- nonpocare Y'laIl.{HXCJI npexparars paaroaopsr

- HeCKOJIbKO pas MellJIeHHO H 'IeTKO npoxrare cnosa aa PHCYHKlX

- nOnpOCHTe Y'latJJ.HXCJI nOBTopHTb CJIosa HeCKOJIbKO pa3 .

- eCJIH TeKCT aa PHCYHKaX HMeeT CPOPMY llH8JIOra, npennoxare Y'law,HMCJI He"

CXOJIbKO paa nOBTOpHTb ero B napax

- COCTaBbTe Co6cTBeHHble npHMepbI no 06pa3UY npaseneaasrx aa PHCYHKaX. He-

t

nOJIb3yftTe 3HaKOMYIO Y'law,HMCJI JIeKCHKY

- 3IllaATe Y'law,HMCJI HeCKOJIbKO BonpOCOB aa POllHOM H3b1Ke, 'IT06bI nposepars nOHHMaHHe aseneaaoro MarepH8JIa. Ilposepxa 1l000lKHa 3aHHMaTb scero HeCKOJIbKO MHHYT.' He HYlKHO HHKaKHX npocrpaaasrx 06'bJlcHeHHft rpaMMaTHKH. EcJIH Y Y'laIl.{HXCJI 003HHKaIOT sonpocsr, HIllO OTBeTHTb aa HHX, HO BpeMJI, OTOOllHMoe aa OTBeTbI, HIllO crporo orpaaaxars;

2. 3aKpel1lleHUe H080l0 MamepUaAa

3axpenJIeHHe MaTepH8JIa 06eCne'lHsaeTcH CHcreMOH ynpIlKHeHHH. fiepe'lHCJIHM OCHOBHbIe THnbl ynpIlKHeHHH:

94

(a) CocmaBbme npeO.llO:HCeHUR, OlUlCblsalOU4l1e PIICYHIeU. Ynp8JKHeHHe MO)l(eT BblnOJIHRTbCR nHCbMeHHO HJlH YCTHO (aanp.; Ynp. 9, c. 19). HHorlla )"ialUHMcR npennaraerca COCTaBHTb npellJlO)l(eHHR onpenenenaoro rana, HanpHMep «CocTaBbTe npellynpe~eHHR" (Ynp. 8, c. 39) HJlH «CocTaBbTe HHCTpYK~HHJi (Ynp. 21, c. 57).

(6) Cocmaesme sonpocbl U qaume na HUX omeemu ("JlH Cocmaesme OUaAOZ). 3TH ynp8JKHeHHR llOJI)l(Hbl BbInOJIHRTbCR YCTHO. Y"IalUHeCR pa6oTaJoT B napax, OllHH yqalUHICJI npoH3HOCHT penJIHKH A, llpyrol - B (aanp.; Ynp. 10, c. 19). Bbl Ha3blBBeTe <IlaMHJlHH llBYX )"ialUHxcR. O,nHH H3 HHX, rJIRllR aa npyroro, nOKa3blBBeT Ha PHCYHOK, H306p8JK8lOlUH1 senccanen, H roBOPHT: Look at this. What's it called? Ilocuompu. KaIC 3mo Ha3blSaemCJi? npyroA )"ialUHlcJl orsesaer: It's called a bicycle.3mo uasueaemCJi ''a bicycle" H T,Jl.

(B) Coomnecume pUCYH1Cll c npeO./lO',CeHIIJI.,tIU, q,PQ3aMU, C./IOStI.MU. 31'0 npocrsre ynp8JKHeHHR Ha "ITeHHC H nOHHMaHHe .• Y"Ia~HeCR ~OJl)l(Hbl CK838Tb HJlH HanH-, C8Tb, K8KHe CJlOBB COOTBeTCTByJOT llaHHblM pHCYHKaM (aanp; Ynp. 13, c. 20). Y"Ia~HAcR ~omKeH CK838Tb HJlH HanHcaTb 1. - b, 2. - e H T,Jl.

(r) BepHbl U.IIU HeslpHbl oaHHble ymsep:HCOeHIIR? HcnpaBbme HesepHble ymsep:JICOeHUR. Y"I~HeCR ~OJl)l(Hbl CK83aTb HJlH HanHcaTb, sepao HJlH aesepao YTBep~eHHe. 3TO TO)I(e ynp8JKHeHHe aa "ITeHHe H nOHHMaHHe. EcJJH npellJlO)l(eHHe COJlep)l(HT aeeepaoe YTaep~eHHe, )"ialUHAcR ~OJI)I(eH nocrpoare aepHoe YTaep~eHHe. Ynp8JKHeHHe MO)l(eT BblnOJIHRTbCR YCTHO HJlH nHCbMeHHO (aanp.: Ynp.17, c. 22).

npHMe'laHHel B ynpa)l(HeHHJlX rana (B) H (r) l101I)I(Hbi npHHHMaTb )"iaCTHe Bee yqalUHeCJI. Bee )"ialUHecR llOJl)I(Hbl HanHC8Tb B TeTPillRX CBOH HHllHBHllyaJIbHble OTaeThl, 38TeM cnenyer npoaepHTb npaBHJlbHOCTb OTBeTOB.

(ll) ,llonO.llHUme npeO.llO:JICeHUR. BblnOJlHReTeR YCTHO HJlH nHCbMeHHO (aanp; Ynp. 1, c. 15).

(e) ,llaume omeemu na eonpoeu, BbInOJIHReTCR YCTHO HJlH nHCbMeHHO (aanp.:

Ynp.17, c. 43). 3TO ynp8)l(JleHHe aa npoBepKY nOHHMaHHJI sonpocca.

()I() Hapucyume npeoMembl U.ll1I npoll3seoume o6Mepbl npeoMemoB B 1C.IIaCcHoit IeOMHame /Cocmasbme cnucoIC /PeUlume 3aoa'lY. Y"IalUHeCJI ~OJI)I(Hbl BbInOJlHHTb llelcTBHR, -rpe6yeMble HHCTpYK~HeA. 3TO 38JlaHHR aa nposepxy nOHHMaHHR sonpoCOB H HHCTPyKUHA. (Hanp.: Ynp. 18, c. 22: )"ialUHecR PHCyJOT B TeTP~RX; Ynp.17, c. 55: )"ialUHeCR llOJI)l(Hbl H3MepHTb npellMeTbl B KJlaccHoA KOMHaTe H 38nHCaTb pe- 3YJlbTaTbI H3MepeHHA npeMO)l(eHHRMH; Ynp. 10, c. 35: )"iaw,HecR COCTaBJlRIOT cnaCOK; Ynp. 2~ c. 57: )"i8J.UHecR llOJI)l(Hbl peurars MaTeMaTH"IecKyJO HJlH llPYI)'lO 38Jla-

, ,

"Iy, CcpoPMYJlHpOBBHHyJO nO-aHrJIHAcKH, H sanacars ee peuieaae nO-aHrJIHAcKH.

UeJIb 3THX ynp8JKHeHHA - Ha)"iHTb }"ialUHXCR HCnOJIb30BBTb aHrJIHAcKHA R3blK K8K HHcTp)'MeHT MR peuieaaa npaKTH'iecKHX 38Jla'i, CBR38HHbIX C HX 6YllYII~eA pa6oTOA, xoropsre B ~BJIbHeAweM HM npHJleTCR peurars B peBJIbHOA )l(H3HH.

(3) npO'lumaume/H3Y'Ium~ MamepUaA. Y'ialUHeCR 'iHTalOT HJlH H3)"ialOT MaTepHBJI MOJI'ia, npo ce6R. MO)I(HO 38JlaTb HM sonpocsr HJlH YCTpoHTb TeCT MR nposepxa nOHHMaHHR (aanp.; Ynp. 6, c. 25).

(H)'np0'lUmaume BCllYx. 31'0 ynpIDKHeHHe BbInOJlHReTCR )"ialUHMHcR HHllHBHllYBJIbHO. TaKHx ynp8JKHeHHA B )"ie6HHKe MBJIO, nocKonbKY OTpaooTKa npoaaaouieaaa He BXOllHT B ~a'iH 3TOro )"ie6HHK8. qTeHHe scnyx HCnOJlb3yeTcR, HanpHMep, MR

TOro, 'iT06b1 nposepars, 'iTO )"ialUHAcR )'MeeT npoasaecra CHMBOJl ''8'' KBK "eight" (aanp.; Ynp. 20, c. 56).

METOAHQECKHE YKA3A~HB K BJIOKAM 1 - 10

BJIOK 1

TeMa 6noKa - «Ha3hIBaHHe H onacaaae npenaeros», B paanene 2 06'hHCHHerca, KaK CnpOCHTb no-aarnaacxa 0 Ha3BaHHHX .npOCThIX HHCTpYMeHTOB. B Pa3- )J;eJIe 3 yqa~HecH )'3HalOT, KaK OnHChIBaTb npemaersr H HX )J;e<PeKThI HJIH noBpe)l(,lleHHH. B paanene 4 OHH 06yqaIOTCH TOMy, KaK onacars MecTOnOJIO)KeHHe rrpensreros,

OCHoBHhle Sl3YKOBWe e;:ut~ ..

(fipHMeqaHHe: 3)J;ech H nanee ~H<l>PhI 1-4 OTHOCHTCH K pa3)J;enaM 1-4 Ka)K)J;oro 6noKa «KHHm )J;IDI CT}')J;eHTOB».)

1. (Paanen 1) Cnosaps: .:. npenraersr 6hITa (aanp.: car a6moM06ullb) - npocrsre HHCTpYMeHThl (nanp.: saw nUll")

- )leTaJIH aBTOM06HJIH

- Me6eJIb (aanp.; chair cmYll)

- npanararensasre co 3Ha'feHHeM paasiepa H COCTOH-

HHH (aanp.: long OllUHHblU, bent cOlHymblu)

2. Whars this called (in Engllsh)/Whars it caUed? KaIC smo nasueaemca noaHtJlUUCICU?

This is caUed ••• /Irs called ... 3mo nasueaemcs: .. Look at, this/that. nOC.Mompu na ...

3. What's wrong with ... ? 'lmo CAyltUJlOCb c ... ?

The (cymecra) is (npHnar.)/Irs (npanar.)

4. Where's the ... ? roe ... ?

Irs in/on/under /above/below /beside the... B / na / noiJ / HajJ / npSl.MO / noiJ / PSlDo.M c ...

between ... and ... .Mex(Jy ... U ...

06~e 38Me'laHHSI

1. Y'la~HxcH CJIe)J;yeT 06Y'faTb ynoTPe6neHHIO KaK' nOJIHbIX, TaK H pe)J;~HPOBaHHhIX $oPM, T.e. What's H What is; It's H It is; Where's H Where is, (Pe)J;~HpOBaHHhle $oPMhI ynOTPeWIHIOTCH B yCTHhIX ynpIDKHeHHHx.)

2. TIpe)J;nOJIaraeTCH, 'ITO yqaI~HecH nOHHMCUOT pasaany B ynQTPe6neHHH This H That. (B npoTHBHOM CJIyqae CJIe)J;yeT caasana )J;aTb He06xo)J;HMhIe pass-

HCHeHHH.)· .

3. Ilpennonaraerca, 'ITO. Y'fa~HecH 3HalOT,. 'ITO This/That H It OTHOCHTCH K O)J;HOMY H TOMY )Ke npenssery B npe)J;nO)KeHHHX Look at this/that. nOC.Mompu na smo / mo. What's it called? KaIC smo nasueaemesr (.[(aATe He06xo)J;HMhIe no-

HCHeHHH, ecna 3TO He TaK.) ,

96

4. Long/short, high/low H wide/narrow 0603Ha'laxrr Pa3JIH'IWI B O,D;HOM H3 B03MO)I(H!>IX H3MepeHHii npenssera (AJIHHa, mapaaa H T~.), B TO BpeMH ICaK big/small o603Ha'laxrr Pa3JIH'IWI B HecKOJIbKHX H3MepeHHHX (,D;BYX HJIH rpex), TaK, .QOM (f) aa c. 20 60JIbllle no seeM H3MepeHHSlM no cpaBHeHHIO C .QOMOM (c): no nnaae, umpaae H BbICOTe.

5. Above H below - npennora lllHPOKOIU 3Ha'IClfHSl, 0603HaqalOmH~ ~eJIblH pHJ! nOJIO)l(eHHH, KaK nOKa3aHO aa cxesae BHH3Y. Above rroxaasrsaer mo6oe noJIO)l(eHHe nsnne KaKoro-JIH60 npensrera, a below 0603Ha'iaeT mo6oe nOJIO)l(eHHe 'HH)I(e KaKoro-JIH60 npemaera,

m

m m m m m

-,- - - -- -88 ----- --

-------BB--r.r-

(i] m L.!J

[!) rJ]

below

above

Beside 0603Ha'iaeT mo6oe nOJIO)KeHHe psmOM C 'IeM-JIH60, n03TOM)' npeAJIO-' )KeHHe the switch is BESIDE the window MO)KeT o603Ha'laTb JII060e H3 yxasaaHblX nOJIO)KeHHit aa cxesse:

ffi·'BBD

mO~ m

m

beside

BBOJlHoe ynpalKHeHHe

(c. 15: Hello! I'm Alan.)

, QeJIb 3TOro yrrpazoreaaa - npeACTaBHTb yqamHMCH Tpex nepcoaaxea, HMeaa KOTOPblX POH, KaMaJI H MeH. TIonpOCHTe yqamHXCH paCCMOTpeTb pHC}'HKH na C. 15. 06cy.nHTe C HHMH na PO,D;HOM H3b1Ke aaaxeaae H3yqeHWI anrnaacsoro H3b1Ka AJIH HX 6y,D;~eit pa60TbI no Cne~HaJIbHOCTH. (Hanpassep, OHH ,D;OJDKHbI 6y.nYT npoxarars H nOHHTb HHCTp~HH K craaxass H MalllHHaM, HanHCaHasre nO-aHrJIHHCKH. Bo3MO)I(H0, KOMY-TO H3 HHX npHAeTCH paforar» C HHOCTpaHHblMH paOOqHMH, xorna e,D;HHCTBeHHbIM H3blKOM HX 06~eHWI. 6y.n~ anrJlHitCKHit H T.n.). 3aTeM HeCKOJIbKO pal OT'IeTJIHBO npoaaaecare KIDK,noe npenJIO)KeHHe. Ilonpocare yqamHXCH nOBTOpHTb TO, 'ITO Bbl npoH3HecJIH, caasana scex BMeCTe, XOPOM, a nOTOM ~oro yxameroca OTAeJIbHO. TIpe,D;JIO)KHTe yqa-

4 3aK. 334 97

1-

~HMC.R BbIDOJIHHTb ynpaaerenae 1 B nacssseaaoa <p<>pMe, a noross ynpaxaeHHe 2 YCTHo. ~bIii )":IetmHAc.R AOJDKeH npeACTaBHTbC.R, T .e. npOH3HeCTH Hello I I'm ... I'm a plumber. 3iJpaecmeyi'ime. 11/ MeH'Sl 308ym •.• 11 cnecaps-canmeXHUIC. ~bIA )":IetmHHC.R AOJDKeH Ha3BaTb CBOe HaCTO.R~ee HM.R H npopecCHID.

OTBeThI: Ynp. 1. carpenter/student/electrician/student/car mechanic/student

Ynp. 2. CIWKHTe ~OMY )":IetmeMYC.R, KaK Ha3blBaeTC.R ero/ee nPO<PecCH.R no-aarnaacxa. llPHOOAHM casrsre pacnpocrpaaeaasre Ha3BaHH.R pa60qHx cnenaansnocrea: carpenter 1IJWmHU~, builder cmpoumens, plumber cnecaps-canmexnux, mason ~QMeH~U~, mechanic uexanux, toolman CJJecapb-UHcmpYMeHmQJZb~U~, fitter cnecaps-uonmascnux, turner moxaps, operator CmaHO'lHU~, maintenance man peMOHmHUIC.

(B CJI)":lae He06xoAHMOCTH Haii,nHTe Ha3BaHH.R npyrax npO<PeccHH B CJIOBape.)

Pa3AeJl 1

Ynp. 1. BbInOJIll.ReTC.R yCTHO. Ilonpocare nOAWlTb PYKY Tex )":IetmHXC.R, KOropsre 3HaIDT aHrJIHHCKHe Ha3BaHH.R npeAMeTOB, H306pIDKeHHbIx na pHC. (a). ,IJ;aHTe HM BpeMJI nOnyMaTb. llOACIWKHTe, ·qTO CJIOBa, 0603HaqaID~He 3TH npenMeTbI, npHBeAeHbI B cnacxe nOA PHcyHKaMH. He paspemaare BbIKpHKHBaTb OTsersr BCeM )":IetmHMC.R omrospesseano. Cnpocare OAHOro H3 Tex, KTO nOAH.Rn PYKY. He rosopare caMH, npasansasr HnH uenpasansasr oraersr, Ilyen, APYme )":IetmHec.R cKa)K)'T, cornacasr OHH HnH He cornacnsr C TaKHM OTBeTOM. He paspeuraare BCeM BbIKpHKHBaTb OTBeTbI. Ilonpocare nOAWlTb PYKY Tex, KTO xoxer BbICKa3aTbC.R. H}')KHo, qT06bI BCe )":IetmHeC.R npHHHMaJIH )":IaCTHe B pa6oTe. Cnpocare MHeHHe O'uHOro-,UBYX )":Ia~HXCjl, nOTOM CK3JKHTe npaBHJIbHbIH OTBeT aa sonpoc, MCnOnb3yHTe TaKOH npaesa onpoca npa BbInOJIHeHHH scex ynpaxHeHHH na CooTBeTCTBHjl H na sepasre H nesepnsre yrsepacteaaa. He06xo,UHMo BooneKaTb BCex )":Ia~HXCjl B aKTHBHyJO pa60TY B Knacce.

OTBeThI: (a) car; (b) house; (t:) bicycle; (d) wall; (e) pipe

Ynp. 2. BbInOJIWleTC.R TaK 'ICe, KaK H Ynp. 1.

OTBeThI: (1) window; (2) roof; (3) door; (4) wheel; (5) tyre

Ynp. 3. IIpHHecHTe B xnacc KaK MO'ICHO 60nbwe PeaJIb;HbIX npeAMeTOB, 0 KOTOPbIX noAAeT peqb na ypoxe (MonoroK, OTBepTKY H T .n.). Ilonpocare )":Ia~HXC.R saxpsrrs KHHm. Hanaunrre BCe CJIOBa na ,UOCKe. llO,UHHMa}! OAHH sa ApymM npeAMCTbI, npennccsare )":Ia~HMC.R narracars HX Ha3BaHH.R B TeTPa,U.RX: (a) knife H T..n. (IIpHMe1f8HHe: knife npoH3HOCHTC.R [nalf'l)

OTBeThI: (a) knife; (b) saw; (c) screw; (d) pencil; (e) ruler; (1) hammer; (g) ladder; (h) screwdriver

Ynp.4. Ilpaaecare B xnacc npe,UMCTbI, 0 KOTOpbIX noii,neT pexs. <I>aKTH1.Jecm BaM npH,UeTC.R npHHeCTH TOJIbKO .R~K H HaCTOJIbHyro nassrry. Ecrra B KnaccHoA KOMHaTe ecrs BeHTHIDlTOp, TO BKnIDqHTe H ero Ha3BaHHe B TeCT.

OTBeThI: 1 box; 2 table; 3 chair; 4 fan; 5 lamp; 6 shelf; 7· drawer; 8 switch; 9 socket

Ynp. S. Ilposepsre 3HaHHe )":Ia~HMHC.R npanararensasrx, AaHHbIX B :)TOM ynplUKHeHHH. 06'b.RcHHTe 3HaqeHH.R HeH3BeCTHbIX HM npanararensasrx. ,IJ;n.R

98

06'hJ1cHeHlHI 3Ha'ieHHH npanararensasrx long H short npHHeCHTe KOpOTK)'IO H WIHHH)'IO nanO'iKH B xnacc, 3aTeM cnossaare ~JIHHH)'IO nanosxy aa nne, 'iT06bI npOHJJJIIOCTpHpOBaTb saasenae npanararerrsaoro broken CJlOMaHHb111. I1pHHecHTe nse m6KHe nJIaCTMaCCOBbIe JIHHeiiKH (HJIH nsa K)'CKa peaaaosoa Tpy60'iKH Pa3- Hoii WHpHHbI), 'iTOObl npOHJIJIIOCTpHpOBaTb 3Ha'ieHHH npHJIaraTeJIbHbIX wide H narrow. 3aTeM coraare O~HY JIHHeiiK)' H CKIDKHTe: This is a bent ruler. 3mo coZHymaSi. nuneiixa. YKIDKHTe aa npyrae npenssersr B xnacce HJIH npHHeCHTe HX C co6oii, 'iTOObI nponessoacrpaposars Pa3HHI.\Y B 3Ha'ieHHHX npanararensasix big H small, high H low H T~.

OTBeTbI: 1- (d); 2 - (e); j - (a); 4 - (g); 5 - (1); 6 - (b); 7 - (h); 8 - (c); 9 - (i); 10 - (j)

Pa3.l1.eJl 2

BBE;IJ,EHI1E MATEPI1A.JlA

06paTHTe BHHMaHHe aa TO, 'iTO npeWIO)KeHHe-06pa3eI.\ 3ByqHT What's this called?, a He What's this? Tlepsoe npeWIO)KeHHe ynoTpe6JIHeTCH, xorna MbI ~e 3HaeM, KaK Ha3bIBaeTCH rrpensser na pO~HOM H3b1Ke. Bropoe ynOTpe6JIHeTCH, xorna MbI HHKOma He B~eJIH TaKOOO rrpenssera paasnre. B peansaoa )KH3HH yq~HMCH npH~eTCH HMeTb ~eJIO C nepsoa caryanaea. 06cY~HTe CHTyaI.\HIO B 3TOM P3.3AeJIe: POH, KaMan H Anea - ~PY3bH, y HHX ecrs aBToM06HJIb. 06cY~Hre, B KaKOM peMOHTe OH H~aeTCH. 06'hHcHHTe, 'iTO peMOHTOM 3aHHMaeTCH Kasran, TaK KaK OH MeXaHHK, HO OH He 3HaeT, xax Ha3blBalOTCH nerana aBTOMO- 6HJU1 no-aHrJIHHCKH, n03TOMY OH sanaer BOIIPOCbI ~PY3bHM, KOTOpbIe 3HalOT 3TH CJIOBa. 3aTeM OT'IeTJIHBO npOH3HeCHTe rrpennoxeaae-oepasen, nOBTopHB ero aeCKOJIbKO pas.

Ynp. 6. Caaxana yxautaeca ~OJDKHbI nOBTOpHTb TO, 'iTO npOH3HOCHTe Bbl, 3aTeM OHH paasrrpsraaior naanor no JIHI.\aM (O~HH yq~HHCH arpaer pOJIb KaMana, ~pyroii - POHa). 3aTeM OHH ~OJI)KHbI ynorpecan, npennoxeaae-oopaaeu, cnpanrasaa Ha3BaHHH npensseros H3 Pa3.1:teJIa 1.

Ynp. 7. Y'i~HeCH ~OJI)KHbI rrposarars nonasre npeWIO)KeHHH. IlOCJIe BbInOJIHeHHH 3TOOO ynpaxaeaaa no snare, OHH ~OJI)KHbl saxpenars MO~eJIb, coCTaBJIHH aaanoraxasre BbICKa3blBaHHH 0 npensserax, xoropsre OHH nOKa3blBaIOT ' BceMY xnaccy,

OTBeTbI: (a) car; (b) wheel; (c) called a roof; (d) called a window; (e) is called a door; (1) is called a tyre

Ynp. 8. BbIllOJIHHeTCH B napax, KaK naanor, O~HH yqa~HHcH sanaer sonpoCbI no 06pa3I.\y, ~pyroH orsesaer na HHX. I1pe,J:tJIO)KH'f.e BbIllOJIHHTb 3TO ynP3)KHeHHe yqa~HMcH, CH.J:tH~HM B pasasrx KOHI.\aX KJIaccHoii KOMHaTbI, 'iT06bI OHH OOBOPHJIH rpossxo H ysepeaao. Y'i~HHCH A, 06p~3HCb K yq~eMycH B, ~OJI~ )KeH Ha3BaTb ero no HMeHH: Igor, what's this called in English? rOBOpH this, yqa~HiicH A nOKa3bIBaeT pHCYUOK B KHHre HJIH nO~HHMaeT JIe)K3~HH na CTOJIe peanbHblii npensser H nosaasrsaer ero, (Orsersr re )Ke, 'iTO H B Ynp. 7, HO KIDK,D;oe CJIOBO BCTaBJIHeTCH B naanor no MO~eJIH, nanp.:

(b) A: What's this called in English?

B: It's called a wheel H T~.)

4*

99

Ynp. 9. OTBeThI: Ilonasre npeWIO)KeHIDI COAep)K3T ciIeA)'lO~He CJIOBa: (a) ... bicycle; (b) ... house; (c) ••. wheel; (d) ... roof; (e) ..• wall; (t) ... pipe; (g) ... tyre; (h) ... window; (i) ... door

Ynp. 10. BbIDOJIHHeTCH IGlK Ynp. 8. Y':Ia~HecH COCTaBJIHIOT KOpoTKHe AHa- 110m 0 npeAMeT3.X J3 Ynp. 9.

Pa3AeJi 3

BBEnEHJ.iE MATEPJ.iAJIA

CH~W1 <>6c)?K.naeTcH aa POAHOM H3blKe )"f~HXCH. DpeWIO)KeHWI-oopa3- ~bI BBOAHTCH, IGlK o6'bJICIDIJIOCb asnne,

Ynp. 11. Y':I~HecH nOBropHIOT 06pa3~bl sa npenonasareness, a 3aTeM BblnOJIHHIOT ynpa)KHeHIDI napassa,

Ynp. 12.

OTseThI: (a) The pipe is long; (b) The wall is high; (c) The house is small; (d) The tyre is wide; (e) The pipe is bent; (t) The house is big; (g)' The pipe is short; (h) The pipe is broken; (i) The wall is low; (j) The tyre is narrow.

Ynp. 13. Caaxana y6eAHTecb, ':Iro see )"f~HecH BblnOllHHJIH ynpaacaenae B nHCbMeHHoA 4x>PMe. He paspeuraare BHOCHTb HCnpaBJIeHHH nOCJIe roro, KaK OTBeTbl sanacaasr B TeTP3Wlx. Ilpa nposepxe BbIDOJIHeHIDI nOnpOCHTe OAHOro )"f~erocH nposarars OTBeTbl, a OCTa1lbHblX asrpasars CBOe cornacae HJIH Hecom acae, I<aJK,nblH )"f~HHCH AOJI)KeH nOAHHTb P)'KY «3a» HJIH «IIpoTHB»> (<<803- Aep)KHBa~g. OT ronOCOBaHIUI He1lb3H). Ilonpocare OAHOro-ABYX )"f~HXCH MOTHBHPOBaTb caoe cornacae HJIH necornacae, TaKaH TeXHHIGl' nposepxa npaaansHOCTH BbIDOJIHeHIDI ynpruKHeHHA peKoMeHAYeTCH A1IH scex ynpa)KHeHHH na coOTHeceHHe CJIOB HJIH npeWIO)KeHHH C pHcyHKaMH H. ynpa)KHeHHH aa sepasre HlIH aesepasre YTBep~eHIDI.

OTSeThl: 1- (b); 2 - (e); 3 - (h); 4 - (a); 5 - (d); 6 - (g); 7 - (t); 8 - (c)

Ynp. 14. BbIDOJIHHeTCH B napax, KaK AHaJIOr.

OTSeThI: (b) A: What's wrong with the ruler?

B: It's bent.

H T,A. (HcnOllb3yIDTCH 0TBeTb1 H3 Ynp. 13).

Pa3AeJi 4

BBEnEHJ.iE MATEPJ.iAJIA

llpoAeMOHCTpHpyATe 3Ha':leHIDI npeanoros, paCn01l0)KHB peansasre nPeAMeTbI OAHH B ApyroM (npeanor in), OAHH aa ApyroM. (npennor on) HJIH OAHH nOA ApymM (npeanor under). Caaxana BBeAHTe 3TH TPH. npeanora, a nOTOM npen- 110m above euuu, below nuxe, beside ,psziJoM, OICOJW, between MexOy.

Ynp. 15. Ynpa)KHeHHe BbIDOJIHHeTCH B napax. llOJIo)KHTe IGlPaUAaw nOA lIHHeib<y. Ha3BaHHbIA BaMH )"fa~HAcH A01l)KeH 06paTHTbCH K ApyroMY H, na- 3BaB ero no HMeHH, CnpOCHTb: Igor, where's the pencil? HZOPb, ziJe ICapaHiJaUl? Hropi, A01l)KeH OTBeTHTb: It's under the ruler. OH noiJ JWHeUICOU.

100

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