INTRODUCTION

On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste became the first newly independent nation of the 21st
Century, following several centuries as a Portuguese colony, 25 years of Indonesian rule
and a brief period under United Nations administration.
 Timor Leste, also known as East Timor. East Timor was colonized by Portugal in the
16th century, and was known as Portuguese Timor until Portugal's decolonization of the
country
 Timor-Leste was administered by the United Nations from 25 October 1999 until
independence
 The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) and the
Timorese made significant progress during the period of interim administration. Basic
social services were restored.
Of the approximately 250,000 refugees who were displaced during 1999, over
220,000 returned to Timor-Leste in that period.
Timor-Leste has a parliamentary form of government. Its first parliament was
formed on independence from the 88-member Constituent Assembly chosen in
free and fair, UN-supervised elections in August 2001. On 27 September 2002,
Timor- Leste joined the United Nations and changed its name from East Timor to
the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.
 MAO JOSE RAMOS
GUS
ANA HORTA
XAN
PRESIDENT
PRIME MINISTER
 PEOPLE IN TIMOR LESTE
According to a World Bank report, 98 % of the population in Timor Leste is
Catholic, 1% Protestant, and less than % percent Muslim. Most citizens also retain
some vestiges of animistic beliefs and practices, which they have come to regard as
more cultural than religious.
 The country had a significant Muslim population during the Indonesian occupation,
composed mostly of ethnic Malay immigrants from Indonesian islands. There were
also a few ethnic Timorese converts to Islam, as well as a small number descended
from Arab Muslims living in the country while it was under Portuguese authority
•The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government
generally respects this right in practice.
• In Timor Leste,the main languages: which is used in Timor Leste is Tetum,
Mambai,Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia, Tocodede, and Bunak.
•Main ethnic groups in Timor Leste is Tetum,about 300,000 people, Mambae ,
80,000 people, Tukudede, Galoli, Bunak, Kemak, heFataluku, and Baikeno
 GOVERNMENT ASPECT

EXECUTIVE

In Timor Leste, the head of the state is the president

The president of East Timor is directly elected to serve a five year term and
may serve no more than two consecutive terms
The president has limited powers
The president does not have the the power to influence the appointment of
cabinet minister powers in Timor-Leste
 Constitutionally, the president does not play a role in the actual government
of the state.
LEGISLATIVE
•The National Parliament were elected on 30 August 2001 to the Constituent
Assembly.
• The Constituent Assembly’s directive was to develop a Constitution for East
Timor. With the approval of the Constitution, the Constituent Assembly has
been transformed into a National Parliament for up to five years.
• The National Parliament will be responsible for making laws on issues
concerning the country’s domestic and foreign policy, as well as other
functions set out in the Constitution.
JUDICIARY
•The judicial system is comprised of the Judiciary, the Office of the Prosecutor-
General, the public defenders, and other related institutions, as well as the
administrative services provided by the Ministry of Justice.
•The Constitution of Timor-Leste, which was approved in March 2002, provides
for a judiciary composed of a Supreme Court of Justice, a High Administrative
Tax and Audit Court, and Military courts.
•Transitional provisions in the Constitution provide that the Court of Appeal will
function as the Supreme Court until the latter body is established.
•The Superior Council is comprised of one representative elected by the parliament,
one elected by the judges, one appointed by the President of the Republic, and one by
the Government.

•In August 1999 there was not a single judge in the then territory of Timor-Leste, and
only some 70 persons with legal training.

•By 2000, after some crash course training, 25 judges, 13 public prosecutors 10
public defenders and 12 registrar/clerks were appointed by the UN administration on
a probationary basis.
 Political condition in Timor Leste
 Major political parties such as
 Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor (FRETILIN),
 National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT),
 Democratic Party (PD),
 Social Democratic Party (PSD),
 Timorese Social Democratic Association (ASDT),
 National Unity Party (PUN), People's Party of Timor (PPT),
 Klibur Oan Timor Asuwain (KOTA),
 and National Union of Timorese Resistance (UNDERTIM).
 Timor-Leste held presidential elections in the spring of 2007. On April
9, voters chose from a slate of eight candidates.
 The Government of Timor-Leste held parliamentary elections on June
30, 2007. Observers agree that the elections were generally free and
fair. FRETILIN won the most seats in parliament, but no single party
won a majority and the various parties did not agree to form a national
unity government
 On August 6, 2007, President Ramos-Horta asked Xanana Gusmao, to
form a government.
 Gusmao was sworn in as Prime Minister along with most of the other
ministers in the new government on August 8, 2007.
 Although the June elections proceeded in a largely peaceful atmosphere,
violent disturbances broke out in several areas of Dili and the eastern
districts of Baucau and Viqueque when the president announced the
formation of a new government as FRETILIN partisans took to the streets
to protest that they had not been given an opportunity to form a
government.
 On February 11, 2008 followers of former military police commander and
fugitive Alfredo Reinado attacked President Ramos-Horta. Ramos-Horta
sustained gunshot injuries and was airlifted to Darwin, Australia, where he
underwent medical treatment.
 President Ramos-Horta returned to Timor-Leste on April 17. The state of
emergency was lifted completely when the remainder of Maj. Reinado’s
followers surrendered to authorities on April 29, 2008
 DEVELOPMENT IN ECONOMY

• Timor-Leste is one of the poorest countries in

Asia. It gained its independence in 2002 after 25
years of sometimes brutal Indonesian occupation
and two and a half years of administration by the
United Nations. Since then, the government has
struggled to pacify the country.

• Timor-Leste’s Petroleum Fund makes the

country’s national accounting unique. The fund,
in which the government deposits all income from
the oil sector, has grown in 2008 as a result of
investments in U.S. government bonds.
• Timor-Leste has made some progress in
economic reconstruction since achieving
independence in 2002, but the economy
continues to confront considerable institutional
challenges, including weak public-sector and
private-sector capacity and poor infrastructure.
• The economy of Timor-Leste is dominated by
government activity. Severe constraints in
regulatory and legal frameworks, coupled with
widespread corruption, impede the
entrepreneurial environment
• The country’s overall business and investment
climate suffers from poor regulatory capacity,
volatility, and political instability.
• East Timor's economic performance since
independence has been fragile.
• The economy contracted sharply again in 2006
(-3.4 per cent) following the violence of that
year. With UNMIT's establishment and the
return of a significant number of international
personnel, East Timor's economic growth rate
increased sharply in 2007 (19.8 per cent). In
2008, IMF forecast 2.5 per cent growth with 4
per cent inflation.
• East Timor's National Development Plan
identifies governance, poverty reduction and
improved food security as development
priorities. Objectives include reaching an
annual GDP growth rate of 5 per cent in the
medium term and the 50 per cent reduction of
the number of people living below the poverty
line by 2015
• East Timor's economy is one of the most
heavily petroleum-dependent in the world. The
Government of East Timor is seeking to use its
oil revenues in support of long-term economic
development.
• East Timor has established an internationally-
acclaimed Petroleum Fund to manage its
petroleum revenues transparently and
sustainably. As at 31 December 2008 the fund
had accumulated savings of around US$4.2
billion.
 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we can say that Timor Leste is a small country which is still
developing. Although it is small country which is newly get their independent,
but we can’t deny that they are able to develop with their own way. But, with the
help of world community, we can sure that Timor Leste will change from a
backward country to a developed country. When it comes to the political system
in East Timor, there are still many aspects that need to change. It is because all
the weakness will hinder the efforts of East Timor's government to develop their
country.