10.

As the result we got, the impedance value for ‘A’ electrodes are high compare to ‘B’
electrodes.

11.
Yes, we think the electrode contact impedance has on ECG monitoring quality because, the
monitoring system determines the number of leads we'll use. Each electrode controls an ink
needle that writes on a grid paper. It get the waves that are registered by electrodes placed on
certain parts of the body. The higher the intensity of the electric wave, the higher up the
needle will move on the paper. If the electrodes are not place correctly, it will disturb the
reading and give the wrong results.
Conclusion.(Mohd Suhaimi Bin Rosti)

After completing this lab I am now familiar with an ECG, what it means, and how to
analyze it. The next time I go to a hospital and see an ECG, I will understand how to interpret
the printout and its parameters.

From the lab I have done, I know that the ECG trace depends on the lead configuration,
which sets the orientation of the lead axis relative to the heart. From the result obtained, the
standard limb leads have the disadvantages that the three electrodes are all in the same plane
(frontal plane) of the body, so that one is only recording a projection of the three-dimensional
spread of depolarization and repolarization in that plane.

For convenience, the connections of the ECG electrodes are usually made at the ends
of the limbs: at the wrists and ankles.  However, since the limbs act as conductors, they can be
viewed as an extension of the patient cable lead, and so it makes no difference where the
electrodes are placed along the limb length.

From the the graph result, I can conclude that the heart rate varies with the phase of
respiration(In sinus arrhythmia). The heart rate typically increases during inspiration and
decreases during expiration.  Therefore, as observed, the R-R interval is longer during
expiration. Sinus arrhythmia is more common in young healthy athletes.

In addition, the R wave is due to the activation (depolarization) of the major portion of
the ventricles. From the data above, it is evident that the lead whose axis is most parallel to
the direction of the subject's ventricular depolarization is lead II. (The R wave is largest in
lead II.)   The R wave is very small in lead I.  We can therefore conclude that for this subject
the direction of ventricular depolarization is more close to being perpendicular to lead I.