Significance of DNA in gene expression :

DNA contains genetic information for protein sythesise

Coding strand is used by RNA polymerase as template strand for the synthesis of
mRNA which carries information to cytoplasm, in 5’to 3’ direction .

Promoter binds to tanscription factors , which then recruit more transcription

factors and RNA polymerase, which form transcription initiation complex .

Start point indicate the starting of transcription

Terminator sequence that coded for polyadenylation signal in mRNA indicate

the termination of translation

Enhancer of silencer bind to activator or repressor to increase or decrease the

rate of gene expression

Significance of RNA in gene expression

mRNA
1. encodes genetic information from DNA
2.carries information to cytoplasm for translation
3.to synthesise polypeptide
4.3 bases specify a specific a.a
5.contains its 5’cap
6.signal for ribosome bing site
7.together with 3’poly(A)tsil
8.to prevent mRNA from degradation by exonucleases
9.and proper export of mRNA out of nucleus
10. contains AUG start codons to indicate termination of translation
11. contains stop codons to indicate termination of translation

tRNA
I.it’s a adaptor
2.3’CCA binds to specific aa for translation
3. contains anticodon that complementary base-pairs with codon on
mRNA
4.enusre correct sequence of aa

rRNA
1.site on which translation occurs
2.complexes with ribosomal proteins
3, to form large and small subunit
4. small subunit is mRNA binding site
5. Search for Aug start codon
6.read in 5’to 3’direction
7. peptidyl –transferase catalyse the formation of peptide bonds
8. between the C end of the growing pp chain on the tRNA in the p site and
N group of an a.a carried by tRNA in the A site
9.contains 3 tRNA bing sites
10. E : exit of deacylated tRNA
11.P: tRNA with growing polypeptide attched to it
12.incoming aminoacyl-tRNA
13.provide environment /close proximity for mRNA and tRNA to base pair
14.bring aa on tRNAs into close proximity